ʻO ke sila ʻina
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema

Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758

Mālama

Loha ka wai

ʻO kahi hōʻailona maʻamau (lat. Phoca vitulina) - he mālamalama o ka ʻohana o nā sila paʻa maoli. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano mokulele a loaʻa i nā kai āpau e pili ana i ka moana Artctic.

Loaʻa ʻia ʻelua mau subspecies i loko o ka Puke Hoʻopuka (nā subspecies ʻEulopa a me ka hōʻailona Steineger a i ʻole hōʻailona hōʻailona mokulele).

Ke noho nei i ka wai kahakai o ka moana Atlantika a me ka Pākīpika, a me ka Baltic a me North Seas. ʻO nā kelima maʻamau he brown, ʻulaʻula a hina paha i ka waihoʻoluʻu a loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano V-ʻano like. Hiki i nā pākeke ka 1,85 m ka lōʻihi a me ka 132 kg o ke kaumaha. Noho ke wahine a 30-35 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne a i ka 20-25 makahiki. Noho ka hapanui maʻamau i nā wahi maʻa kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā poʻe predatorite ke hele aku iā lākou. ʻO ka honua ka nui o nā hōʻailona o 400 mai ke 500 tausani kanaka hoʻokahi. Ua hoʻopau ʻia kekahi mau subspecies, he subspecies Phoca vitulina vitulina pale ʻia ma lalo o ka Hoʻolaha Wadden Sea.

ʻAno hānau

ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ke kahakai o ka hōʻailona maʻamau no ka hānau keiki ʻana i nā ʻaukā i kūkulu ʻia i nā wā haʻahaʻa. Ma lalo o kēia mau ʻano, pono i nā pēpē hou ke ʻauʻau i loko o kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻAʻole e like me nā honi ʻē aʻe e hānau ai i ka hau, ua hānau ʻia nā ʻīlio ma nā ʻano kahakai, ua nalowale ko lākou hulu ʻulaʻula ma nā lā hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻōpū.

Na palapala kapu

He ʻelima mau subspecies o ka hōʻailona maʻamau:

• H hōʻailona hōʻailona atlantic ʻO ka hoʻokele concococ Phoca (DeKay (Eng.) Lūkia., 1842) noho i ka ʻākau ʻAmelika Hema,
• Hōʻailona Ungawa Phoca vitulina mellonae (Doutt, 1942) - loaʻa i loko o nā wai wai o ka hikina o Canada. Ua komo kekahi o nā mea noiʻi ma nā subspecies P. v. haiā,
• ʻO ke sila ʻana o ka Pākīpika Phoca vitulina richardsi (Grey, 1864). ʻIke ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema,
• ʻO kahi hōʻailona mokupuni Phoca vitulina stejnegeri (Allen, 1902). Ua loaʻa ma Asia Hikina,
• Kahiki atlantic East, Phoca vitulina vitulina (L., 1758). ʻO ka mea maʻamau o nā subspecies a pau o ka sila. Loaʻa ia ma ʻEulopa a me Asia Hema.

Hōʻailona a me nā noho

Honi holoholona Loaʻa ia ma nā kai e kahe ana i loko o ka moana ʻo Artctic, e mālama kokoke loa i ke kapakai, akā ka nui o ka manawa i ka wai.

ʻO nā inoa o nā hui kelepona pepeiao maoli a me ka hui maoli ʻia e kapa ʻia he mau sila. I nā kūlana ʻelua, hoʻopau nā wāwae o nā holoholona me nā kīpoki me nā pihi e hoʻomohala maikaʻi. ʻO ka nui o kahi mamalia e pili pono ana i kona ʻano pili i kekahi ʻano ʻano liʻiliʻi a me nā subspecies. I ka awelika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino e loli ana mai ka 1 a 6 m, ke koʻikoʻi - mai 100 kg a 3,5 ton.

Ua like like ke kino o ka oblong i kahi kikoʻī i ke ʻano, ua liʻiliʻi iki ke poʻo i mua, i nā ʻāʻī o ka wāwae ākea, 26 mau niho nā holoholona.

ʻAno nā Auricles - ma mua o lākou, aia nā kīwaha ma ke poʻo e pale ai i ka pepeiao i ka wai, nā kīʻaha like i ka pūpū o nā momi. I ka muzzle ma ka wahi o ka ihu he mau lōʻihi ʻokiʻoki e ʻokiʻoki ana - tactile vibrissae.

Ke neʻe aku nei i ka ʻāina, ke kū nei ke mau pōpoki hope, ʻaʻole kūleʻa a hiki ʻole ke lawelawe me ke kākoʻo. ʻO ka nui o ka momona o ka subcutaneous o kekahi holoholona makua hiki ke 25% o ka nui o ke kino kino.

Hoʻololi ʻē ka mānoanoa o ka lauoho lauoho e like me nā ʻano, no laila kaiakao elephales - hōʻailona, ʻaʻole nā ​​mea pono ʻole ia, aʻo nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e haʻaheo ana i ka hulu manu.

Hoʻololi ka ʻōmaʻala hoʻi - mai ka ʻulaʻulaʻula a i hina kalamai ka poli a hiki i ka hōʻailona h ?? a. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha ka mea hiki ke kāhea nā ʻīlio, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou he kelima lacrimal. He hiku liʻolua kekahi mau ʻano ʻano, ʻaʻohe mea e hana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻāina a me ka wai.

Honi ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana

Honi i luna kiʻi Me he holoholona lākeke a lohi, akā hiki i kēlā manaʻo like ke hoʻomōhala wale aku inā aia ma ka ʻāina, kahi e neʻe ai ka neʻe i nā neʻe o ke kino mai ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao.

Wili paʻa ʻia

Inā pono, hiki i ka momi ke holo aku i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ka 25 km / h i ka wai. I ka ʻōlelo o ka lawaiʻa, ʻo nā mākaʻi o kekahi mau ʻano ʻano he poʻe lanakila nō hoʻi - ʻo ka hohonu o ka neʻe a hiki i 600 m

Eia kekahi, hiki i kahi hōʻailona e noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi mau minuke 10 ma mua o ke kaʻi ʻole o ka oxygen, ma muli o ke kuʻi ʻana o ke ʻeke air ma ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka ʻili me ka holoholona e mālama ai i ka oxygen.

Pono e ʻimi e ʻai i nā meaʻai ma lalo o nā wahi kai maloʻo nui, nā kai me nā dexterity e loaʻa i nā nū i loko o lākou e hoʻopiha hou ai i kēia waihona. I kēia kūlana kani ka hōʻailona, e like me ke kaomi, e manaʻo ʻia he ʻano o ke echolocation.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o nā sila

Ma lalo o ka wai, hiki i kahi hōʻailona ke hana i nā leo ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka laʻana, kahi elephant moana, e hoʻohālikelike ana i kahi ʻeke ihu, e hoʻowalewale i ke kani e like me ke kuʻi o kahi elephant maʻamau maʻamau. Kōkua kēia iā ia e hoʻokuke i nā ʻenemi a me nā ʻenemi.

Hoʻopili nā ʻelele o nā ʻano kime āpau i ka nui o ko lākou ola ma ke kai. Ma ka ʻāina, ua koho wale ʻia lākou ma ka wā o ka molting a no ka hānau ʻana.

He mea kupanaha ka hiamoe ʻana i nā holoholona i ka wai, ʻoi aku, hiki iā lākou ke hana ma ʻelua mau ala: hoʻohuli i ko lākou kua, ke paʻa ka sila i ka ʻōpū ma muli o kahi māno o ka momona a me ka neʻe o nā wāwae, a e hāʻule paha ka hiamoe o ka dives holoholona i lalo o ka wai (ʻelua mau mika). alaila popo hou, lawe hou i na hanu a pohili hou, me ka hana hou i keia mau nee i ka manawa hiamoe.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o kekahi mau neʻe, i kēia mau hanana ʻelua i ka hiamoe koke ka holoholona. Noho ka poʻe hānau hou ma ka ʻāina i nā hebedoma 2-3 mua wale nō, a laila ʻaʻole naʻe i hiki i kaʻauʻau e kahe, iho lākou i loko o ka wai e hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.

Hiki i kahi hōʻailona ke hiamoe i ka wai, e lele ma kona kua.

ʻEkolu pōkole ʻo kekahi pākahi ma nā ʻaoʻao, kahi lihi o ka momona i liʻiliʻi ma kahi o ke kino. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau wahi, e pakele ai ka hōʻailona mai ka wela loa, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wela wela ma o lākou.

ʻAʻohe keiki ʻōpio i kēia mākaukau. Hāʻawi lākou i ka wela me ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa, no laila, i ka hihia ke kau nei kahi hōʻailona ʻili ma luna o ka hau no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana, kahi ʻano kīleʻa nunui ma lalo o ia.

ʻO kekahi manawa hiki ke hōʻeha kēia, no ka mea e nalo ana ka hau ma lalo o ka hōʻailona, ​​a laila ʻaʻole ia e puka i waho. I kēia hihia, hiki ʻole i ka makuahine o ke pēpē ke kōkua iā ia. Nā hōʻailona Baikal noho i loko o nā wai paʻa, ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Honi pū ʻia

ʻO ka meaʻai nui no ka ʻohana hōʻailona he iʻa. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka holoholona - ʻo ia ka iʻa e hālāwai ai iā ia i ka wā o ka hopu, he hopu ia i kēlā.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i mālama no ia ʻano nui nui, pono ka holoholona e ʻimi i nā iʻa nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi inā loaʻa i nā nui. I nā manawa ʻaʻole i kokoke ʻole nā ​​kula iʻa i nā kahakai i ka nui o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona e pono ai, hiki i ka holoholona ke hahai i ka waiwai, e piʻi ana i nā kahe.

No laila, ea Makai Larga pili i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, e ʻai i ka iʻa e iho ana i loko o ke kai me nā kahawai kahawai, a laila huli i ka capelin, e holo ana i ke kahakai e mākaʻi. Lilo ʻo Herring a me salmon i nā mea e hoʻopiʻi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ia, i ka manawa mahana, e ʻai nā holoholona i ka nui o ka iʻa, ka mea hoʻāʻo ʻo ia ke kahakai no ke kumu hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi, he paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha nā mea i loko o ke kau anuanu.

Pono nā hoahānau o ka hōʻailona e neʻe aku i kahakai, e noho kokoke ana i ka wai i kaʻe kahe a me ka ʻai i ka pollock, mollusks a me nā octopuses. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, inā ʻike ʻia nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ma ke ala o ka sila i ka wā o ka holoholo, ʻaʻole ia e lele.

ʻO ka wehewehe holoholona

ʻO nā ʻano āpau o nā kelima he pili ʻia i ka mammals predatory mai ka Canis suborder. Hōʻike lākou i nā holoholona ʻano maoli, ʻo ke ʻano o waho kahi like ʻole o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka papa.

ʻIke kūpaʻa ka sila. Heʻuʻu kona ʻili, kona poʻo, kokoke ke poʻo, ʻā ke kino o ke kino. E hoʻopau me kahi huelo. Ke hoʻohuli ʻia nei nā palahalaha i nā pēpē, me ko lākou kōkua i ka holoholona e holo maikaʻi, akā lohi akā e neʻe aihue ka ʻāina. Ma nā kiʻi maoli, ua kokoke ka pelekaua i mua i ke poʻo.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona anatomical hiʻohiʻona o nā sila ka nele o nā auricles o waho. ^ E Ha yM. He mānoanoa ka ʻāʻī o nā kānaka i ke ʻole a pōkole a kokoke i ke neʻe ʻana. ʻAno nui nā maka, ʻōleʻele ka haumāna ʻā nui. Eia kekahi ma ke alo i mua, aia nā pū i nā hope, i hoʻoponopono mau ʻia i hiki ʻole ke lawelawe i ke kākoʻo i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana.

ʻO ka poʻe o nā ʻohana he vibrissae ma luna o ko lākou lehelehe ma luna (mai 6 a 10 mau laina). ʻOi aku lākou i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā walruses, akā hana i kahi hana olfactory, e like me nā mammals ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā pale like i nā palu maʻa, aia wale nō i kekahi mau māka o ka ʻohana ua hōʻemi ʻia. Loaʻa nā alima i ka ʻili kino, me ka momona o ka subcutaneous. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hōʻiliʻili i ka momona i kahi nui, a laila hoʻokuʻuʻole, me ka iho wikiwiki i ka nui.

Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ke kūloko i nā momona. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka ʻili o nā ʻōpiopio i kahi uhi hulu wī i hōʻike ʻia, nāwaliwali o nā pākeke i nalowale. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ko lākou lauoho palupalu e nā lauoho paʻakikī, maloʻo a pōkole.

ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā paona o nā holoholona ʻokoʻa loa. Ua loaʻa nā momi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ko lākou kaupaona ma mua o 100 kg, a he lōʻihi o 120 cm ke kino, a hiki ke lōʻihi o nā ʻīlima he 6 mau mika ka lōʻihi a he 3,5 tons.

Ke ʻano kūloko

ʻO nā holoholona nā holoholona he chord, he kōkō i hoʻomohala maikaʻi. Kūpono ka huā holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, aia nā clavicles a me nā poʻohiwi poʻohiwi, he mau huina ʻelua o nā iwi.

He mau hiʻohiʻona ka ʻaoʻao pilikino:

1. Hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana hanu ma ka ʻōpū o ka hanu a me nā māpili hele. E komo ka hau i loko o lākou, e hoʻoili ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka oxygen me ka kahe o ke koko i nā ʻāpana a me nā kiko.
2. Hoʻopili ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, he nui a liʻuliʻu ka pali o ke koko. ʻEhā ka keʻena o ka naʻau, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​keʻena āpau mai kēlā me kēia i nā ʻāpana a me nā pā. Hele nā ​​pahu a me nā veins mai ke kino aku. Lawe ke koko arterial i oxygen, venous - carbon dioxide.
3. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana olakino i ka lolo a me nā spinal cord. Hoʻokuʻu i ka lua a me ka pau ʻana o ke aʻalolo. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia nā hemispheres cerebral; aia nō hoʻi he cerebellum.
4. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana hana ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka waha, aia nā niho no ka wīwī ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka alelo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻai ʻana. E hele malie ka ʻōpū o ka esophagus i loko o ka ʻōpū. Hōʻailona ka mea ʻoni i ka hope ʻeha i loko o ka anus. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pancreas a me nā ate huna e mālama ai i nā hoʻonaninani no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi aʻe.
5. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻōnaehana excretory e nā keiki, nā ureter o lākou e wehe i ka pahū.

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana o nā sila ma ka lua o nā pūhaka moe wahine, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka ʻōpū o ka pūpū.

ʻAʻohe kino kīleʻa a nā wahine; ʻo nā wahine he 1 a ʻelua paha mau ʻāpana o nā ʻōpio. E like me nā momi ʻē aʻe, ua viviparous, nā liʻiliʻi o nā pā i ka hānau ʻana, akā hiki nō iā ia ka nui, e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano.

Hoʻaiho

ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe a pau i kahi e noho ai nā sila. Noho ka hapanui o ka ʻohana ma nā wai anuanu o ka ʻAlikika a me Antartika. ʻOi aku lākou i ka moana a me nā moana, e noho kokoke ana i kahakai, e hele pinepine ma ka ʻāina, ʻoiai hoʻi i nā lā lā.

Ma muli o ke momona nui o ke kino, hiki i ka poʻe ke ʻae i ka mahana o nā wai o Atlantika. Noho kekahi mau ʻōlima ma nā wai mahana. Hikina, keʻoluʻolu lākou i laila, ʻimi a hoʻoulu, ʻaʻole e ʻauʻau i nā wahi me ke anuanu ʻoi loa. Noho kekahi mau unahi o ka subkele Psov i loko o ka loko (Baikal seal). ʻO ka hōʻailona Caspian, no ka laʻana, ke noho nei i kahi o ke kahakai o Caspian.

I ka wā ulu, ʻike ʻoe i ka nui o nā sila e hele ai i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻomoe. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi. Hōʻailona ka mea maʻamau i nā holoholona i nā kūlana paʻakikī.

Meaʻai me ka Haʻi

Hoʻomaʻa ka sila i nā iʻa a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, cephalopods, a me kekahi mau crustaceans. Hoʻokahi pinepine kekahi mau ʻōuli i nā penguins. ʻAʻole lawa nā holoholona i kekahi iʻa i kekahi ʻano, pinepine i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea āpau e hele mai i ko lākou ala. ʻAno maikaʻi loa kēlā kanaka, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka meaʻai nui i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou e noho kokoke ana i ke kahakai a me ka ʻimi, ʻo kekahi (ʻo ka ʻōlelo ʻana a ka leka kani) hele i ke kai e loaʻa ai ka ʻai.

Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou e hana i kahi kakela i ke ʻano o kahi momona momona. I ka hala ʻole o ka meaʻai a i ka mea liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka mea hoʻomake a hoʻomau ʻia ka paʻakikī. Loaʻa i nā mulona ʻo pubes i ka makahiki 6 o nā makahiki, nā wahine ma 3 mau makahiki. ʻO ka wā hōʻemi ma Ianuali. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, lawe ka wahine i ke keiki bipi i nā mahina 10-11. ʻO ka paona o ka pēpē hou mai 20 a 30 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā mea nui i 100 cm.

Nā holoholona monogamous nā holoholona., ʻo ia nō ko lākou hoa āpau. ʻO kahi wale nō o ka ʻohana e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka polygamy ʻo ka silaʻo ka elephant. Hoʻolālā kēia mau poʻe i ka hakakā maoli i ko lākou hoʻāʻo e hoʻokō i ka wahi o ka wahine. Hoʻomaka pinepine, ʻo nā hōʻiliʻili o nā kāne nui ʻelua i hopena i ka make ʻana o kekahi o lākou.

Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hānai ka wahine i ka ʻōpio me ka waiū no kahi he 4 wiki. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou, i kēlā me kēia lā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohui i 4 kg ma ke kaupaona. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ua haʻalele nā ​​keiki i ko lākou makuahine, hoʻomaka e mālama i ka meaʻai ma luna iho. Ke aʻo nei ka hapa nui o lākou i nā hebedoma mua o ka hopu manu, no laila ua pōloli lākou a noho i ka momona subcutaneous.

Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka ola i ke ʻano o ka holoholona. I ka awelika, hiki i ka wahine ke noho ma kahi o 35 makahiki, he kāne - a 25 mau makahiki. I ka pio, noho lōʻihi kekahi poʻe.

Nā ʻano maʻamau

I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau ʻano lāʻau i ʻō i ka ʻohana o nā hōʻailona paʻa.

ʻO nā mea aʻe i manaʻo ʻia i ka mea maʻamau:

1. Monk hilo. Loaʻa iā ia ma ke Kai Hikina no ka mea makemake ʻo ia i nā wai wela. ʻAno keʻokeʻo pinepine ka ʻōpū o kahi kanaka, no laila ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia i keʻokeʻo ʻia. ʻO ka paona o ka momi pākeke e hiki aku i 300 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino e kū ana mai ka 3-4 mika. Pahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka holoholona ma kahakai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele. Ma aneane like ʻole nā ​​mokuna a pau o ka Hikina e ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e nā kānaka, no laila ʻike pinepine ʻole kekahi kanaka i ka ʻāina. Mālama i kā lākou hānau hou ʻana. Ua helu ʻia ka holoholona ma ka Red Red Book.
2. ʻO nā mea ʻai ʻai kīʻaha - ʻoi loa ka nui o nā ʻohana, ʻae ʻia i ke kai hema a me Antarctica. Pēlā ka holoholona i kapa ʻia no ka mea makemake ʻo ia e ʻai i nā ipu. Piʻi paʻa ʻia kona mau ʻūpī ma ka wahi o ka ihu a me ka waha, e pili pū ana me nā peculiarities o ka hopu. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka nui o ka pākeke makua ma mua o 300 kg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 2.5 mika.
3. ʻIke ʻia ka hōʻailona maʻamau ma kahakai o Scandinavia, Rūsia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua loaʻa i ka holoholona kahi inoa ma muli o kona helehelena maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe ona hiʻohiʻona. Ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā holoholona. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hele ai i 180 cm, ʻaʻole e kau ka paona i ka 180 kg. Keʻimi nei nā kānaka i kēlā me kēia kanaka o kēia ʻano, kahi e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou. Ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona i ka hōʻailona o ka Lūkia, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona mai ke kahakai o ka Russian Federation.
4. ʻO ka hōʻailona Harp ua like ia i ke kaupaona a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ke sila maʻamau. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kanaka o kēia mau ʻano. He kapa lole ʻalani a Greenland, ʻeleʻele ke poʻo i ke poʻo, a holo pōkole mai ke poʻo.
5. ʻO ke kaula laulā a he leona paha he lālā maʻamau o ka ʻohana. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kona kapa. ʻO nā kaula pale keʻokeʻo e koho i ka ʻeleʻele.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kala manamanaʻa kēia kāne, ʻelemakule loa nā kāʻalāʻau.
6. Pākuʻu kai - he holoholona maoli me kahi kala ʻitikē. Kele kala maoli ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka lole; loaʻa i luna nā wahi like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka inoa o ia holoholona ma muli o kona ʻano maʻamau a ʻano ʻino.
7. Kūpono nā kelepona Elephant i nā kapakai o Antartika a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Loaʻa ia kahi nui, hiki ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino 6,5 mika, ke kaupaona - ʻoi aku ma mua o 2pelona tonika. Loaʻa nā males i ka ihu proboscis.

ʻO ka papa inoa o nā mea pili i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, akā ke manaʻo ʻia nei nā mea maʻamau.

Ka waiwai i ke kūlohelohe

Hālau kēlā me kēia holoholona i kona kaiāulu. He mea nui hoʻi nā koholā no ka ʻola e ke kanaka. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo he ʻāpana o nā meaʻai meaʻai a ʻai i kekahi nui o nā iʻa, nā ʻōpala a me nā mea e noho ana o nā wai wai. Ma muli o kēia, ua helu ʻia ka nui o kekahi mau ʻano holoholona, ​​ua mālama pono ʻia nā mea kanu no ka poʻe e pau ʻole i ka holoholona.

Huli ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka i nā ʻīlio no ka hulu, ka ʻili a me ka momona. Hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka huluhulu o nā ʻōpiopio, no ka mea he palupalu loa, he kumu kūʻai, a maikaʻi hoʻi ka lole i hana ʻia mai ia manawa. ʻO ka hulu o nā hulu manu e manaʻo ʻia he waiwai nui loa, no laila, ma nā wahi he nui ua nalowale nā ​​holoholona.

Ua hala aku nei kekahi mau ʻano he mea make aku, aia kekahi i ka palena o ka pau ʻole.

Ke hoʻomau nei i ka helu o nā sila o ka mea i hopohopo, aia i ko lākou mau inoa i kākau ʻia ma ka Red Red Book.

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

Manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻohana ma ke ʻano he mea maoli, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā loea ke aʻo i ko lākou ala. ʻO nā mea ʻoluʻolu loa e pili ana i nā sila, e lilo ia:

• Noho nā hōʻailona ma nā kihi o ka honua,
• hiki i nā ʻīlima huluhulu ke hoʻopau aku ma mua o 6 mau mahina i ke kai e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai
• pipili nā holoholona ma ka ʻāina, akā i ka wai ua hiki lākou i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 25 km / h,
• pololei ma lalo o ke kai, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke lilo i 10 mau minuke, hiki wale i nā elepani ke noho i ka hohonu o 1500 mika no 2 mau hola,
• e hoʻoholo i ka makahiki o ke sila e pili ana i ka helu o nā kaʻe i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumu o kā lākou mau mimi.
• hiki ke kūlohelohe o kanaka, e like me ke kanaka,
• nā kime kikowaena o nā alima e ulu maikaʻi ʻia,
• i ka hihia, ua hui pū kekahi poʻe i kahi hipa, ke koena o ka manawa a lākou ke makemake e waiho wale,
• he maluhia ka hapanui o nā ʻano manuahi (me ka ʻike ʻole o nā ʻīlio elepani a me nā leopards), ʻaʻole i hakakā lāua.
• ʻoiai nā maka nui, ʻaʻole ʻike maikaʻi ka ʻike maka i ka mammal.
• hiki i ka sila hōʻailona ke ʻohi i nā leo a me nā manikani ma kahi lōʻihi o 500 mika,
• o na kihini nui o na sila loa, o ka silai Ladoga, e noho ana ma Lake Ladoga, o kona loa kino aole e oi aku i 135 cm.
• kiʻi liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou poʻe ʻōpio e ʻimi pinepine ʻia e nā ʻaka,
• He wai momona momona ka waiū wahine, hiki i ka 50%.

He mea hoihoi a he mau moeʻelima nā lālā o ka ʻohana sila hōʻailona maoli. Hāʻawi lākou i ka mea nui i ka ʻenekona. ʻO ia ke kumu a ke kūʻē nei i nā poʻe loio holoholona i ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau mea pohihihi o ke kai, nā loko a me nā mea aniani.

ʻO wai ka sila?

No ka papa inoa nā papa i nā mammals e noho nui ana i ka ʻāina subpolar. ʻO ia nō kēia mau holoholona me nā palaka ma kahi o nā wāwae, no kēia kumu ke kumu ka mea i kohu ʻia (e like me kā lākou mau hoahānau walruses) i kapa ʻia i nā pinnipeds. ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia kēia inoa, i ʻike ʻia he wā ʻole.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻohana ʻelua i waena o nā sila - nā lima paʻa a me nā ʻīlio pepeiao.

Walrus a me ka sila sila

Ka lehulehu e hoʻohilahila i ka walruses a me nā sila. He mea kūpono ia e wehewehe i ka mea ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau holoholona. No laila, ʻo ka mea mua, nui nā ʻano o nā alona, ​​walrus - hoʻokahi. ʻOi aku ka nui i kahi hōʻailona ma ka nui a me ke kaupaona - ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua. He manu nui nā walrus - i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, nā kopa, me ke kōkua o kēia mau holoholona i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai, hakakā a ola wale. ʻAʻole like ka sila i ka sila.

ʻAʻohe o Walruses i ka pepeiao (loaʻa kahi hanana like ʻole), akā ke kau mau pepeiao (hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhi i ko lākou inoa) he auricles. ʻO Vibrissae o nā walruses ka mānoanoa a ākea, a ʻo ka poʻe o nā sila e kau ai i ka ʻili a liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻohe o kahi lauoho lauoho, ʻo ka mea hope loa.

Ua malu nā Walruses ma kahi o kekahi, i mālama mau ʻia ʻo ia i nā piles. Hoʻāla ʻia nā alakaʻi ma waena o nā hōʻailona (no ka laʻana, ma luna o ke aniani i ka wā o ka wā o ka male), makemake lākou i ka kaʻawale. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku nā mākeke he "kamaʻilio", hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe mau i kēia mau leo ​​mai lākou. Ua leo nā Walruses.

ʻAʻohe pepeiao a me ka pepeiao: he aha ka ʻokoʻa

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, i kapa ʻia nā mea hōʻailona ma mua he pinnipeds, akā ʻaʻole ia: e like me kekahi mau noiʻi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōlima maoli a me nā pūlima pepeiao. ʻO kā lākou meaʻokoʻa nui loa.

ʻO nā mea mua loa o nā ʻohana pili ʻo Kunim. ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa i kēlā kino elongated, e like me ka spindle, i leʻoluʻolu e hoʻomalu i ka wai, a pōkole (me ka mahalo i ke kino) limu. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau sila ma ka wai no ka manawa mua ma ka Moana ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Akā, ko lākou mau kaikunāne pepeiao (e like me nā walruses) mai nā ... bears! ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi, kala ʻulaʻula aniani, pepeiao nā pepeiao - ʻo kēia mau mea āpau e pili ana i ka ʻohana bear. Ua hele lākou ma ka Pakipika.

Kahi ʻano like ʻole kēia mau ʻano kīwili i waena o kā lākou mau pale, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā mea i hala ke alo i ka wāwae o ko lākou wāwae, e hele ana ma ka ʻāina, nā poʻe maoli maoli i hoʻoiho ʻia i kēia manawa: i ka wā e neʻe ai i ka ʻāina, hoʻopuʻi wale ʻia nā palualili ma hope o lākou. Akā hoʻohana kēia mau holoholona i ka hope o ka wai i loko o ka wai, ʻauʻau me kā lākou kōkua. No nā kaikunāne o ka pepeiao, he ala o ka lawehala, a hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻāpana hulina i like me ke ʻano o "rudder". ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe ma waena o kēia mau sila hilo mai kēlā me kēia mea ʻaʻole ka auricles maoli (no kēia ʻano ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau mea ʻole).

ʻO nā kumu o nā ʻano ʻano

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ke ʻano like o nā kumu o nā kaula e kūʻē ai. No laila, ua ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe loea e loaʻa nā pinnipeds ma kahi o ke kanalima miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka wā i hala ʻole ai ka ʻohana marten a i ʻole ka ʻohana bear. Ke manaʻo nei nā mea noiʻi like ʻole nā ​​kaona maoli a me nā pepeiao, eia nō hoʻi mai nā kūpuna maʻamau, no ka ʻohana pinnipeds a nona nā papa o nā alika ʻoni like me nā ʻīlio, a me ka mea pū me ia, ka pūlio, ka ʻīlio, nā cunny a me ka bear.

Kūpono maoli: Nā hiʻona

ʻOiai hiki i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i hōʻike mua ʻia o ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi hōʻailona maoli, pono ke ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka ʻāʻī iki a me ka huelo hoʻokahi, ka mea i hana ʻole ʻia ka mua. ʻO Vibriss ka maʻamau a hiki i ka ʻumi ʻāpana, ua paʻakikī lākou. ʻO iaʻo vibrissae ka mea i kōkua i ke kahakaha ʻana e hoʻokele i ka wai: ʻaʻole lākou e hilinaʻi i nā maka, akā me ke kōkua o nā mea kīʻī ke hopu nei lākou i nā kuʻuna a kū me ka lanakila ʻana ma luna o lākou. ʻOi aku ka pōpoki o mua o kēia mau holoholona a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kua, a kokoke lākou i ke poʻo. ʻO ka nui a me ke kaupaona o kēia sila honi mai ka ʻāpana a i ka hapa i ʻeono a me ka hapalua mika a mai ke kanaiwa a ʻekolu mau ʻāpana haneli.

ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻano o ka sila nā kulu pono o ka manu, akā ʻo ka maʻa mau ia, ʻaʻole fluffy, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano like ʻole. Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke ʻano. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē me nā mānoanoa, keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo a palupalu mau, ke hoʻololi ʻia ma hope o ʻekolu pule. ʻO ka wahine hāpai i ka wahine mai ʻelua haneri a me kanahikukū a ʻekolu haneri a me kanalima nā lā, a hānau hou ka ʻano (me ka molting) i ka hau. ʻO ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o kēia mau ʻīlana i ka leʻaleʻa e mālama i ka hānai i kā lākou pēpē me ka waiū, a no kekahi mau pule, ʻai wale nā ​​pēpē i nā kahu momona i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia (ʻoiai lākou ʻaʻole i hiki iā lākou iho ke hāʻawi iā lākou iho i ka meaʻai). Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, kau nā alima i ka iʻa, nā ʻōpala, a me nā mollusks. Loaʻa kekahi mau mea i nā penguins.

ʻO nā ʻelele o kēia hōʻailona

Ma lalo iho nā ʻano o nā hōʻailona, ​​nā inoa a me nā kiʻi o kēlā me kēia. I nā nāona maloʻo he 13 genera:

Eia nā keiki he ʻumikumamākolu, e like me nā kumuwaiwai, mai ka ʻumikumamāwalu a me iwakāluakūāhā like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻōpio ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Puyila, kahi i noho ai ma ka Arctic Kanaka.

ʻO kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona: nā hiʻohiʻona

E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona o nā pepeiao, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā wahine a me nā kāne: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne a i hoʻokahi hapa ailima, nā wahine - hoʻokahi wale nō. Ma ke kaupaona, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā sila maoli, ma kēia mau ʻano heʻuʻuku loa - mai hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima a i hoʻokahi tausani kilograms. ʻO ke kala o ka lauoho, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna, he palala, ʻo ka lauoho hoʻi e paakiki, palaka. Ua lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ka huelo, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, pōkole. Aia he mau hapa o nā ʻōpala pale, akā ʻaʻole i mua nā mua. Eia nō naʻe, nui loa lākou - ka hapaha o ka nui o ka nui o ke kino o ka holoholona.

ʻOi ke hana a paʻa ke koka. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka hau, makemake nui lākou e hoʻōla i ka kahakai, akā ua hānau lākou i ke kai. ʻO ka ʻōpū o nā wahine, ua like nō ia me ka lōʻihi o ka wā i ʻike ʻia i ka wā lōʻihi, akā ua hānai lākou i ka waiū pēpē o ka pēpē - ʻehā mau malama. Ma hope o kēia, hiki i ka pipi ponoʻī ke mālama i kāna meaʻai. ʻO nā kekona i hopu ʻia, ma ke ala, aneane ʻole e ʻai i nā crustaceans - ʻoiai he mea ʻai ko lākou ʻai he iʻa, shellfish, krill. Hiki i kekahi mau mea keʻai i nā cubs o nā silaʻe, nā penguins, nā manu.

Nā ʻano o nā Hihalaha

ʻO ka papa inoa o nā ʻano honi o kēia ʻano helu he ʻumikumamāhā a ʻumikūmālima (ʻokoʻa i ka ʻikepili) i helu ʻia i loko o ʻehiku mau huaʻehā o nā subfamilia. E like me lākou (e papa inoa mākou i kekahi)

1. Hala nāhe (North, South American, subtropical a pēlā aku).
2. Liona kai (lion lion, New Zealand, Galapagos and others).

Ma mua, aia kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā ʻīlio - ka liona kai o Iapana, akā ua manaʻo ʻia i kēia wā i hala, no ka mea mai ka wā kahiko he kiʻi nui i nā ʻīlio a me nā liona.

Nā ʻano o nā honi ma Lūkia

ʻO nā sila maoli, ʻo ka manu o ko mākou ʻāina e kaʻumi ʻehā mau ʻano (ʻaʻole i lilo nā hōʻailona i mea e make ai i ka ʻenekona: he ʻumi wale nō mau huina ma ka Hono. ʻO nā kekona i hopu ʻia ma Rūsia e hōʻike wale ʻia e ʻelua mau ʻano: ʻo ia ka hōʻailona ʻākau ʻākau a me ka liona kai (ʻo kekahi inoa inoa nō ka liona moana kūkulu ʻākau).

ʻO nā sila a pau e noho ana ma ko mākou ʻāina, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā sila ʻo Baikal wale nō, sila i ʻike ʻia (largha), ke kai hark a me nā harp honi (ʻoiaʻiʻo lākou āpau)

Mālama ʻia nā ʻano o nā kohu

Ka mea, ʻo nā loiloi he nui ma ka palena o ka hemo. No laila, ua kākau inoa ʻia lākou i loko o ka Red Book a mālama pono ʻia nā holoholona. I waena o nā sila maoli maoli o ia mau ʻano, ʻelua mau ʻīlima monk a me ke sila Caspian. ʻO ka mea mua e kapa ʻia e nalo ana - ʻaʻohe mea ʻelima o lākou o ka honua i kēia lā. Aia no ko lākou mau pepeiao pepeiao, he lone nunui ka Liona o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike i kēia mau lā, ʻo ke kumukū o kēia waiwai ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o kanahiku tausani.

ʻOiai ua ʻokoʻa like ka hilo nā pepeiao a me nā pepeiao ʻole mai kekahi i kekahi, he like nō hoʻi lākou nā hiʻohiʻona, nā hiʻohiʻona e ʻona nei i kēlā mau holoholona.

1. Kuhi ana nā ʻīlena make ma ka lepo, akā ʻike lākou i ka wai nui - hiki iā lākou ke hiki i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ka iwakāluakūmāhā mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola. Loaʻa nā kelima paʻa i ka ʻāina a me ka wai, ʻo ko lākou wikiwiki nui he iwakāluakūmāhiku mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola.
2. He poʻe kikoʻī lākou i ka. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, akā, ale maoli ia. Loaʻa - hiki ke haehae i nā ʻāpana nui (he mau niho koʻikoʻi lākou).
3. ʻAʻole lākou i nā kelima lacrimal, akā ʻike lākou i ke ʻano e uē ai.
4. ʻO ke sila ʻo Baikal kahi ʻano o ka hōʻailona e noho ana i ka wai hou.
5. E ʻike i ka makahiki ʻekahi o kahi hōʻailona make, helu i nā kaʻo ma ke kumu o nā lāʻau.
6. Mālama ʻia nā sila i nā momona maikaʻi me ka momona.
7. ʻO ka pālima hōʻailona i ke kūlana maʻamau mai ka ʻelima a hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakālua mau minuke i hoʻokahi minuke, a i ka wa e holo ai - ʻehā wale nō a i ʻumikūmālima mau kui.
8. He maikaʻi ko lākou hoʻolohe a me ka ʻike haʻahaʻa loa.
9. Mahalo i nā fluff keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, nā kelepona hou i kapa ʻia he squirrels. Huli ʻia ʻo Belek e nā mākaʻi ma muli o kona nāwaliwali a me ka nui. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, no kēia kumu, he helu nui o nā pēpē hōʻailona.
10. Hāpai lākou i nā mea ʻona a hiki i kahi haneli mau mika.
11. E hoʻomoʻa i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki.
12. E hoʻokuʻu i ka huluhulu i ka wā molting, kōkua nā hōʻailona i kēlā me kēia: e kaomi ana i ko lākou kua.
13. He moeʻuhane koʻikoʻi ka hōʻailona.
14. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa o nā hōʻailona ihe i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmākahi e ka poʻe Zoologist Pelekane ʻo John Grey.
15. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio ʻoi loa ka crabeater.
16. Nā hele a ʻona paʻa i "ka ʻāina" i kahi puʻukū.
17. Hiki iā lākou "ke ʻono ʻole" ʻai i nā pōhaku me ka meaʻai - a hiki i ka ʻumikūmākahi kilogram o nā pōhaku i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā holoholona make.

Kuhi ʻia mākou a pau i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi sila - inā hoʻi i hiki mai mākou i ka dolphinarium. Akā, ke ʻoliʻoli nei i ka hālāwai ʻana i kēia holoholona nani, ʻaʻole poina e poina iā mākou, ʻo ia ka poʻe, ke kumu o ka hoʻemi ʻana o kona heluna kanaka. No laila, aia i kā mākou mana e hana i nā mea āpau e pale ai i kēia hana.

• KEKAHI MAUA
• Ka inoa: Kelekika (long-mouthed) hōʻailona (Halichoerus grypus), larga a i ʻole ʻoki ʻeke (Phoca vitulina vitulina) a ʻo Baltic ke kani pū lima (Phoca hispida botnica).
• Mahele: Ke Kahu Baltic
• ʻĀpana pūʻulu: ʻAʻohe hui maoli maoli; ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he nui i hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūʻulu o nā haneli a he mau tausani paha o nā kanaka
• ʻO ka manawa hāpai: 6-11 mau mahina (ma muli o ke ʻano), me ke ʻano o ka latent pae
• Ka helu o nā Cubs: ʻekahi
• Loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa: 2-4 pule

No nā holoholona nā ka inoa o Pinnipedia, ʻo ia ka inoa o "pinnipeds." ʻAe nā palahalaha piha iā lākou e holo maikaʻi, akā ma ka palena o nā mea e neʻe nei me ka maikaʻi.

Noho ka pinnipeds i ka wai, a ʻo ka hapanui o lākou e hele i ka ʻāina i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka molting. I nā ʻohana ʻekolu o nā pinnipeds - e pili ana i 30 mau ʻano o kēia mau holoholona. Ma kēiaʻatikala, e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā kuʻina pilikino o nā pinnipeds o ka ʻohana Phocidae, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea pepeiao ʻole a ʻaʻole maoli paha. E noʻonoʻo pū kekahi iā mākou i ke ʻano o nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻōiwi o ka Moana Baltic, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻailona elephant ʻākau (Mirounga angustirostris).

ʻO ke ʻano ka nohona kaila o ka hōʻailona elephant, ʻo kāna mau kāne e hakakā nei i kēlā me kēia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hui o nā wahine i kapa ʻia he harem, ua aʻo ʻia piha e nā zoologists. I ka makahiki, holo pinepine nā elepani i kahi nohona noho wale nō a maʻamau i nā manawa i nā pūʻulu e hele i ka ʻāina a me ka hau. ʻAʻole naʻe ka mālama ʻana o ka makuahine i kāna hua. Aʻa iki ʻole ʻo ia e aʻo iā lākou i nā mākau e pono ai no ka wā pākeke, hānai i ka waiū pēpē hou no nā hebedoma wale nō, a waiho iā lākou i kā lākou polokalamu.

Palapala hala ʻole Crabeater e kau ana ma ka uhi o ka hau ma Antarctica. E hānai ana nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka plankton, hopu iā ia me ko lākou waha hāmama inā e ʻauʻau ana a e kānana ana i ke kai o ka moana ma o ko lākou mau niho.

Nā kelima Baltic

I mea e hāʻawi i ke ola i nā hanauna i ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono nā ʻāina i ka ʻāina a i ʻole ka hau maloʻo, no ka mea inā hānau ka cub i ka wai, e hoʻomalo koke ʻia ai. Eia nō naʻe, waiho nā holoholona i ka wai i ka wā o ka molting. Ke loli nei i ko lākou mau kūlana, ua ʻākoakoa lākou i loko o nā hui, a i loko o kēia manawa ʻaʻohe wahi o ko lākou ʻano hermit. Inā mahana ka ʻili o nā kelima, e ulu hou ana ka hulu hou. Ma ka honua he holo mālie ka holoholona, ​​no laila hana lākou i nā ʻōpū nui ma luna o ka ʻāina e pale ai iā lākou iho i nā mea hāʻawi.

Ke waiho nei nā koholā Baltic a pau i ka wai i ka wai a i ke kauwela a hōʻiliʻili paha a hōʻiliʻili i nā wahi kanu liʻiliʻi ma nā kīhāpai. I nā wahine maikaʻi ke ʻai maikaʻi i ka mahina 8-9 o ka hapai, ʻike ʻia nā keiki keiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hau. Pono nā makuahine i kahi lako o ka momona (i.e., ʻōpū momona subcutaneous), e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka ikehu ikaika no ka manawa e hānai ai i nā pēpē, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe manu ka wahine e ʻai i kēia manawa. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio a me nā pākiki hina i ka hau a kokoke i nā ʻōpili, kahi a ko lākou makuahine i ʻeli ai a maʻemaʻe i ka wā o mua. Ma kahi hoʻohālikelike, kā nā wahine wahine kani kani i ʻoka i loko o ka hau ma luna o 2 m hohonu - nā mea i kapa ʻia. nā helu waihona, aia he nui o nā koina.

Ke hoʻopau ʻia nei nā kohu haki ʻĀina ma nā mahina he 6-8 mau makahiki i loko o ke kai hāmama a hele i kahi ʻāina pōhaku i ke kauwela wale nō, i ka wā ulu.Hōʻike ke kiʻi i kahi koloni hōʻailona kulu ma Alaska (USA).

Progeny

Līlī ʻia nā pēpē kīnā ʻia a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hala kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana e hiki ke kolo a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana. Maikaʻi kēia hoʻomohala mua i nā ʻano holoholona, ​​e hoʻopau ana i ka 75% o kona ola ma ka wai.

Mālama ka hōʻailona keleawe i kāna mau lālā ma mua o nā hanauna ʻē aʻe. Hānau ka wahine i nā pēpē me ka waiū no ka lā 14-17 mau lā, a laila e kū mau lākou e alo me nā maka pōpilikia o ke ola. ʻO ka waiū sila e honi pono ai i ka aila, a i ka wā e hānai ai, lawe nā bipi keiki i ke paona a hiki i 2 kg i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ke kīpē o ka momona o ka subcutaneous i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia ala, he mea kūpono loa no ka pehu, no ka mea ke kāpae ka makuahine i ka hānai iā ia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai a hiki ke hele i ka wai.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ma hope o nā hebedoma ʻelua, ua hoʻomaka nā pōloli puaʻa i ka mana o ka wai. Loaʻa nā keiki i ka meaʻai ma ka whim, ʻaʻole nā ​​ʻohana i kōkua iā lākou, akā naʻe, hahai pinepine nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā pākeke e loaʻa nā wahi hānai maikaʻi.

Hōʻailona ka mea hōʻailona a me nā ʻīlena kaniʻu i nā keiki hou. ʻO ka wā e hānai ana i ka hua hānai i nā 4 a me 6 mau hebedoma, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kēlā manawa lākou e hoʻokele ai i kekahi manawa i ka ʻai. Hiki i nā keruba nā ʻano ʻelua ke hele pū mai kahi ʻōpio ʻōpio a kekahi manawa e hele pū me ko lākou mau makuahine i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Hāʻawi kēia i nā keiki i ke aʻo ʻana i nā kumu kumu o ke ola kūʻokoʻa e hiki mai ana.

Nā hoa kaua kāne

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hakakā ma waena o nā ʻīlima ʻelua e hamama waha ana i nā waha o nā kāne, nā uē nui a me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā niho ʻili. I ka wā o ke hakakā, hiki i nā kāne ke kuʻi i ka ihe ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke kīpaki mua a e kīkī paha i kekahi i kekahi. I ka wā moe, hiki i nā poʻokela kāne ke hoʻokō i kahi o nā kaikuahine. Eia nō naʻe, lanakila mua e pono ai nā lanakila. He ola ia e kūleʻa ana nā kāne i ko lākou ʻāina ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o 10 makahiki.

He ʻenehana ʻē aʻe nā kāne pona. I kekahi manawa, hōʻuluʻulu lākou i nā wahi i kaulana loa i ka wahine a hoʻonohonoho i kahi "acrobatics wai wai", i ukana ʻia me nā kani o lalo. Hāʻawi nā wahine i nā kāne i makemake nui iā lākou. ʻO ka moena o ka hana hoʻohālikelike o ka sila ua hōʻailona ʻia i maopopo ʻole ʻia ia, akā manaʻo ʻia nā pale kāne i ka pale ʻana i nā pae kai ma lalo o ke kai.

Moana ma ka Pākīpika i Kaleponi (USA). Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ka manawa o ka hakakā ʻana o nā kekona elephant ʻehā ʻākau i ka moena. Ma mua o ke kaua ʻana, wehe nā holoholona i ko lākou waha, e wīwī i ko lākou mau niho a walaʻi nui.

ʻAe ole nā ​​ʻano o nā ʻano a pau i ka wā o ka moena, a ʻai mau i kekahi manawa o 25% o ko lākou paona. Ma hope o ka wā e moe ai, ua kolohe nā pākeke i nā kāne a me nā kāne - haʻalele i nā kī hau a i loko o kekahi mau pule ua hoʻihoʻi ka ikaika i nalowale. I ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻomākaukau lākou no ka molt e hiki mai ana, ke wā pono lākou e puka mai loko o ka wai a noho no kekahi manawa me ka ʻai ʻole.

ʻĀole elepani

E like me ka nui o nā pinnipeds, ke komohana o ka elepani ʻākau e hiki mai i ka ʻāina i ka wā molting a me nā wā hoʻoulu. Ua hōʻea ʻo Males i ka "kahiki ʻāina" i ka hoʻomaka o Dekemaba a hoʻokūkū i ka kuleana e noho ai. E loaʻa ka mea lanakila i kahi o nā wahine a pau i hāʻule ma kāna pūnaewele, ʻo ia ke kumu a hakakā mau nā kāne no ka pae maikaʻi loa. Ma nā kaua i loaʻa i ka kāne ʻoi aku ka nui a ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ka palupalu ka nāwaliwali, a inā kūlike nā pūʻali kāne, a mau nō ke kaua a lanakila paha kekahi. Ke hoʻokipa nei i kekahi, ua hāpai aʻe nā kāne, e kū ana ma ka 2-3 m ke kiʻekiʻe, ua hōʻea a nui ke kani ʻana me ka leo nui. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻohālikelike kekahi o nā hoae, e hoʻopaʻa koke ana nā ʻīlio i nā palu pū: a hōʻeha kekahi i kekahi me nā niho koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he mau kupapa e haʻalele mai ia mau kaua. I kekahi manawa o nā hōʻailona o ka ʻōpū elepani ʻākau: hiki ke alakaʻi i kekahi o lākou.

2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā kāne, hele mai nā wahine i nā wahi kanu, mākaukau e hānau keiki. Ua koho lākou i nā pūnaewele me nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, ka hana ʻana i nā mea mele. Lawe nā wahine i hoʻokahi cub 6-7 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana a hānai iā ia me ka waiū no kahi 28 mau lā. I loko o kēia manawa, ʻo ke kāne - ka mea nona ka ʻāpana - mālama i ka harem. I ka lā hope loa o ka hānai ʻana, hōʻai hou nā kāne me nā wahine.

ʻO ka hana paʻakikī o nā cubs

No nā pēpē, hoʻoweliweli kekahi mau wahine. Inā ʻaʻole e pili ke keiki me ka makuahine, pili ʻo ia i kekahi wahine e hānai iā ia i ka waiū. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka wahine i kēia. E like me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, i ka wā o ka moena, ʻai ʻole ʻo ia i ka mea, a kaū ʻia ka waiū ma muli o ke kaʻu o ka momona subcutaneous. Mālama ka wahine i kēia huahana waiwai nui wale no kāna pēpē, no ka mea, ʻo ka hiki ke ola o kona ola i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hilinaʻi nei i ke koena momona a loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka manawa o ka hānai. Inā hoʻomau nui ka cub day i ka waiū mai ka wahine, hiki iā ia ke kipaku iā ia a make loa. ʻO ka makuahine wale nō i hala aku i kāna pēpē he mea maʻamau wale nō i ka hānai ʻana i kāna waiū me nā keiki makua ʻole, eia naʻe, ʻo nā ʻāpana e hānai naʻu i pakele.

Pono ke kāne ʻona e mālama i ka harem o nā wahine he 40. ʻO ka nui ka ʻāpana i noho e ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kāne ke haʻi i kona kuleana. Ke alakaʻi nei ka hoʻokūkū ikaika ma waena o nā kāne i ka mea i loaʻa wale kahi hapakolu o lākou e mākaʻikaʻi. ʻO nā makuakāka ma kahi o 90% o nā cubs ma kahi kolone nui e maʻamau he mau kāne kāne kūleʻa wale nō.

ʻOiai ka lōʻihi o 15 mau makahiki o ka nui o ke ola, ʻo nā pōʻino e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ke kūkaʻi a me ka harem, a me ka nalowale o ke kolu o ka paona i ka wā o ka ulu kau ʻana, alakaʻi i ka mea ʻoi ʻole ka ikaika o nā kāne e komo ai i ka hoʻouka ʻana no nā makahiki he mau makahiki keu. ʻO ka hapanui o nā kāne ke make ma hope o nā makahiki hoʻoulu kaua ʻelua.

Nā kāne liʻiliʻi manuahi

Ke kali nei kekahi mau kāne ʻōpio i ke manawa e koi i ke kāne nui i ka wā e holo ana kona ikaika ma hope o ka hoʻoulu kaua ʻana me nā paheke. ʻO kekahi mau, ʻoi aku ka hana hemahema, nā kāne, ʻoi aku e like me nā wahine, e hoʻāʻo paha e komo i ka harem i ka manaolana e ʻike ʻole ʻia ka male nui, a ʻimi nā hoa wahine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea e pono i nā wahine e hōʻike i ko lākou makemake i kēlā mau kāne, ʻoiai he nāwaliwali kā lākou hua. ʻO ka manawa pinepine loa, i kēia kūlana, hoʻokani ʻia nā wahine, e hūnā ana i ka manaʻo o ke kāne nui, e hele mai i ka hoʻopakele a hoʻokuʻu i ka mea hoʻokipa leo ʻole. No laila, koho nā wahine i nā kāne ikaika a pau i mau makuakāne keiki.

Nā Hema - ka inoa maʻamau no nā mamm moana, e hui pū ana i nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana ʻelua: nā ʻīlio maoli a me nā pepeiao. Clumsy lawa i ka ʻāina, ʻauhoe holoʻokoʻa lākou i lalo o ka wai. ʻO kā lākou wahi kūlohelohe kekahi o nā kahakai kahawai o ka pelekikika kūkulu hema. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā honi e noho ai ma ke ʻano, akā i ka manawa like, aia nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i nā hiʻohiʻona like, nā hana a me nā ʻano hana.

Palapala hōʻailona

ʻO ka manawa Antarctic crabeater seal e ʻike ʻia i kēia lā nā hapanui hōʻailona he nui loa o ka honua. Wahi a nā manaʻo like ʻole, ua hōʻea kona helu ʻana i ʻehiku a hiki i ke kanaha miliona mau kānaka - ʻehā paha kēia ʻoi aku ma mua o ka helu o nā sila āpau ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka nui o nā pākeke he iwakāluakūmālua hoʻi ke kaupaona ʻana, ke kaupaona ʻia nei ʻelua haneli a ʻekolu haneli. ʻO ka mahalo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau ʻīlala ma mua o nā kāne. Noho kēia mau holoholona i ke Komohana Hema, ka neʻe ʻana kokoke i kahakai i ke kauwela, a neʻe i ka ʻākau me ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻōʻī.

Pahu lākou i ka krill (ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi a ka ʻAkopa Antarctic), hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ia e ke ʻano kūikawā o kā lākou ʻōpala.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe kumu maoli o ka lele leona a me nā kohola makeʻe. Ua hoʻoweliweli ka mea mua i kahi hoʻoweliweli ma nā holoholona'ōpiopio a me nā mea ʻike ʻole. Hoʻōla ʻia nā haki mai ka kohola pepehi kanaka, e lele ana me ka dexterity kupaianaha i ka hau i ka wai.

Koi ʻōpū

ʻAʻole hewa kēia loko o ka moana kahi "namesake" o ka mea nāna e hoʻohihia ka ʻohana ʻohana. Ka mea hānai manuahi a me ka hana ʻino, ʻaʻole ia i ʻona wale ʻia me ka iʻa: ke kahu, skuas, loons a me nā manu ʻē aʻe i lilo i mea i ʻoihana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻo ia i nā ʻekena liʻiliʻi.

Ua liʻiliʻi nā niho o kēia holoholona, ​​akā ʻili loa a ikaika. Aia a ʻike ʻia nā hihia kū'ē ʻana e nā leopara moana i nā kānaka. E like me ka leopona "ʻāina" nona ke kino like me ka ʻili o ke kai: nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele pālahalaha pālahalaha ma ka ʻaoʻao hina.

Me ke kohola pepehi kanaka, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka leopalē moana kekahi o nā mea nui o ka nui o ke kahe o ke kahe. ʻO kahi hōʻailona, ​​e lōʻihi ana ma mua o ʻekolu a me ka hapa mika ka lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei ma mua o ka ʻehā mau haneri a me kanalima mau kilokilo, hiki ke neʻe me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hau. ʻO ka mea pio, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hoʻouka ʻo ia i ka wai.

Loaʻa ka leopalona kai ke ʻano hoʻokahi o nā sila kahi i kolohe nā meaʻai.

ʻEhā a maoli nō:

E pili ana i nā sila o ka honua

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kahi hōʻailona hina mai kahi hōʻailona paʻa? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hilahila nō paha ka poʻe he nui iā lākou. ʻAʻole ia he hewa ka kapa ʻana i kahi hōʻailona honi, akā ʻaʻole ʻōlelo nā loea e kapa aku i kahi hōʻailona honi. Eia nō naʻe, he wahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā holoholona me nā flippers e noho ana i nā kai, nā loko a i nā kai a ko mākou honua honua i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāina Baltic. Ke haʻi aku nei wau iā ʻoe i ke kumu i kapa ʻole ʻia ai ka inoa "pinnipeds", pehea e ʻike ai nā hōʻailona kelepona i nā mea maoli, a pehea hoʻi ka nui o nā kelima e noho ai ma Rūsia.

ʻIke ʻole nā ​​pinnipeds i waho! ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma waho o ka maʻamau, mākou nā holoholona āpau me nā mea pili ma mua o nā paws i kapa ʻia nā pinnipeds - nā welo hulu, nā kohu hina, a me nā walruses. Eia nō naʻe, ua lōʻihi nā ʻepekema i kēia ʻāpana mai ka papa inoa o kēia mau lā. Wahi a nā kumuhana hou, he mau kūpuna kēia mau holoholona.

ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā walruses e kokoke loa i nā bea - mai laila mai ke poʻo, nā hulu ʻulaʻula, a me nā lauric liʻiliʻi. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hele kēia mau holoholona i loko o ka wai ma ka Pakipika o ka Pakipika, ʻoiai ke loaʻa o nā mea mua o ka pūlima pepeiao i loaʻa ma Palani, i loko o ka palaki Atlantika.

A c malu loa nā pili pili pono o kēia mau sila. Mai laila, kahi elongated spindle-kino kino a me nā limu pōkole e pili ana i ke kino. No ka manawa mua, iho mai nā ʻīlio maoli i ka wai ma ka ʻĀkau o ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika.

ʻO nā lepa o nā ʻīlio maoli a me nā pepeiao, a me nā walruses i hoʻomohala like - - ma kahi ʻano ʻōnaehana: ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo nā māla o nā holoholona e hānai ana i ka wai ʻaʻole kūpono loa. ʻO ia ma kahi o nā pahu like ʻole e ʻike ʻia nā haki pepeiao i nā mea maoli. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hope ke kū i ka pale hope, a ke neʻe nei i ka ʻāina e huki wale lākou iā lākou. Akā ʻo ka Liona moana ʻo Steller - kāhea ʻia hoʻi ka ʻohana kua mua - hiki ke hoʻi mālie i nā ʻāpana me ke kahakai: ke kūpaʻa nei ko lākou mau wāwae kuʻekuʻe i loko o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae a like hoʻi me ka wāwae pālolo.

ʻAu e noho ai nā sila. I ka ʻĀkau Hikina Nui, noho nā ʻīlio pepeiao i ka Moana Pakipika. A ma ke kūkulu hema - loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kihi ʻākau o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema ma ka moana o ka ʻAmelika, a ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao komohana i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Ausetalia ma ka Moana Inikua. Noho ʻo Walruses ma nā kai ʻo Artctic a me nā waihona ʻāina o ka Pākīpika a me ʻAmelika - ma ka laulā, a puni ka Pole ʻĀina.

Makemake kekahi maulima maoli i nā wai anuanu - i loko o nā polar a i ʻole ke kahalulu. ʻO ka mea wale wale nō ka sila no ka hōʻailona kuʻikuʻu. Noho ka ʻpuna o kēia holoholona holoholona i ka ʻeleʻele i ke Kai ʻeleʻele a me ka Pakipika e kokoke ana i ka paeʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi.

Aia nō hoʻi ma ka honua nā ʻekolu o nā kime wai kai, a ʻelua e noho ana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Russia. ʻO kēia ka Baikal hōʻailona a me nā subspecies o Ladoga o ke sila hōʻailona. ʻO ke kolu o ka wai poma kolu o ka hōʻailona paʻa i ka Saimaa, ʻo ia wale nō ka hopena i waena o nā momi ma Finlandia. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka hana hou i ka wai hou i loaʻa me ka manawa kūpono, a ua pili ʻia me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā glacier. Ma mua iho, noho nā ʻīlio i nā kai, a i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka mea hoʻonani, kaawale lāua i ka ʻāina kūloko. A hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka wai hou. Ma ke ala, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea e hiki wale i ke sila ʻo Baikal ke ʻano he hōʻailona paʻa wai maoli. A ʻo nā kekona ʻo Saimaa lāua ʻo Ladoga nā mea huna wai wale nō o ke kai hōʻailona.

Pehea nā kiʻi? ʻO ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlima pepeiao pepeiao he 7 genera a, e like me nā ʻano like ʻole, 14 a 15 mau ʻano. ʻElua wale nō mau mea e noho ana ma Lūkia - ʻo ka ʻona kai, a ʻo ka liona moana ʻākau, a me ke silaona hulu ʻākau. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma ka Lūkini a me nā International Red Books. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka liona moana, a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻūhā ʻākau ʻoi aku ka mea palupalu, e like me ka helu o ka IUCN.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO ka momi nui me kahi ʻano elongated a streamlines i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kahi ʻano aquatic. He ʻano nui ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole, ma waena o 150 kg a hiki i ka 2.5 tons, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 1.5 m a 6.5 m. Honi ʻokoʻa ka hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ka momona i nā kau like ʻole, a laila e hemo loa i ia, hoʻololi nui i ka nui.

ʻO ke sila maʻamau i ka wai

Hāʻawi ka holoholona i ka manaʻo o kahi mea hakakā i ka wā e pae ai ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi kino nui i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho puʻupuʻu, ke ʻāʻī mānoʻo, ke poʻo liʻiliʻi, nā kīpoki. I loko o ka wai e lilo lākou i mau ʻauʻau lawaiʻa nani.

ʻAʻole i like me nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomau ka kelepona i nā kamaʻilio me ka ʻāina, kahi ka mea e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola. ʻO nā Flippers me nā pulelima i hoʻomohala, nā wāwae e kōkua ai e neʻe i kekahi ʻokoʻa. Ma ka ʻāina, ua kākoʻo ʻia lākou e nā ʻāpana kino ma luna o nā wāwae, huki i ke kua, e hāhai ana i ka lepo.

I ke kai moana, ʻokoʻa nā mea a pau. Hiki i nā kaula ke piʻi i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 25 km / h i ka wai. Hiki i nā holoholona ke iho i loko o ka hohonu o ke kai a hiki i 600 m.ʻO ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ke poʻo e kōkua ke hele i ka pahu wai.

Ke noho nei i kahi holoholona ma kahi hohonu o ka emi ʻole ma mua o 10 mau minuke ma muli o ka nele o ka oxygen. Pono ka hōʻailona e hoʻi i ka ʻāina e hoʻopihapiha i ka ʻōpū o ka ea ma lalo o ka ʻili no ka puka aʻe i loko o ke kai.

ʻO ka lole kāʻei ka noho wela. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Thermoregulation e kahi papa o ka momona subcutaneous, kahi o nā holoholona i hōʻiliʻili i ka hoʻoilo. Me kēia ala, hoʻomanawanui ka hōʻailona i nā kūlana hōʻeha o ka Arctic a me Antarctic.

ʻO nā mea nani a nā maka o nā mama. Honi ʻia i ke kiʻi ke nānā ʻana me ke kūlohelohe, he helehelena e like me he mea lā e hūnā ana i kahi mea hou a ʻike ʻia e kekahi e pili ana iā ia. ʻAʻole hāleu ka ʻike o nā poʻe momona momona. E like me nā mamalia lawaiʻa āpau, ua ākea nā maka. E like me nā kānaka, hiki i nā holoholona nui ke uwē, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou he kelima lacrimal.

Akā hopu lākou i nā mea ʻala no 500 m, lohe lākou, akā maikaʻi ka holoholona. ʻO nā kīwī sensitive, e like me ka ngaki keʻokeʻo, kōkua iā lākou e holo i waena o nā kuʻuna ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ke echolocation ke wehe wale i kekahi mau ʻano. I kēia mau taleni ua haʻahaʻa nā kēlima i nā dolphins, nā kohola.

He aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kāne mai ka wahine e nā hōʻailona ma waho i ka hapanui. ʻO ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā moʻo o nā kāne ka mea ʻike wale nō i nā silahe elepani a me nā ʻīlio i ʻoki ʻia. Hiki i ka wahine ke haʻahaʻa i ka paona, akā me ka ʻole o nā ana kūikawā he paʻakikī i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka kala kala ʻulaʻula a me ke kumu kikoʻī. ʻO ka wailele i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ke kino. Loaʻa nā kerub i kahi lole mai ka wā ʻōpiopio. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā koholā he mea kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā māka. Pakele nā ​​holoholona mai lākou aku ma ka lele ʻana i uka. Makemake nā polar i ka leʻaleʻa i ka ʻai ʻeke, akā ʻo ka hapanui ke hoʻokele e hopu i nā pakele.

ʻO nā sila nā ʻohana o nā ʻīlena maoli a me nā pepeiao, i ke ʻano ākea - nā pinnipeds āpau. Hoʻopili kēia ma o nā ʻano 24 he mau ʻokoʻa, akā mālama i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. He nunui ka nui o nā koloni hōʻailona o ka Pākīpika ma mua o ka lehulehu o nā ʻāʻī o ʻAmelika. Akā kahi hui like nui e hoʻohui i nā ʻelele o nā wahi āpau. Kono ʻia kekahi mau ʻano.

Holo monk. E makemake mua ia i ka wai o ke Kaiʻula ma ke kūʻē ʻana i nā hoahānau Artct. Kuhi ka poʻe pākeke i ka awelika o 250 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 2-3 m. No ka kala kukui o ka ʻōpū, ua kapa ʻia ia i keʻokeʻo-bellied. Ma mua, ua noho ka ʻeleʻele o ka iʻa, ka mea i loaʻa ma ka ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina, akā, ua emi ka lehulehu. Ma ke kahakai o ke kai wela, ʻaʻohe wahi no nā mea hana holoholona - ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā mea a ke kanaka. Aia ʻia ka mōkole i loko o ka Red Red Book. Huahele ʻopi kūmole ua ʻike ʻia ka paukū e hala.

Monk hilo

Palapala hōʻailona. Loaʻa ka inoa o ka mamala no ka hoʻohui meaʻai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka sila e ka muzzle pōkole, ka nui o ka nui o ke kino: ka lōʻihi mika he 2 m 2, ka nui o 250-300 kg. Noho ka poʻe ʻai ʻaihue ma Antarctica, nā moana hema. Hoʻolālā pinepine i nā rookies i ka papahele hau. ʻO nā ʻano nui loa.

Palapala hōʻailona

ʻO kahi hōʻailona maʻamau. Aia ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻākau ʻĀina Arctic: ma Rūsia, Scandinavia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Noho lākou i nā wai kahakai, mai haʻalele ʻoe. ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana o ka awelika 160-180 kg, lōʻihi 180 cm. He ʻāpana ʻulaʻulaʻula a me ka puʻu ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻopau ka poʻi i nā ʻano.

ʻO ke sila ʻina

Hūnāwai. Ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka nui - lōʻihi 170-180 cm, ke kaupaona ma kahi o 130 kg. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā males e ko lākou ʻoniʻonina kūikawā - ke kapa kālā, ke poʻo uliuli, ke ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i ke ʻano o ka mai mai ka poʻohiwi.

Hūnāwai

Hoʻopili kala. He ʻelena kūʻokoʻa o nā mommals, "zebra" i waena o nā mea hoʻonani. Aia ma kahiʻeleʻele, kokoke i ke kāʻei ʻeleʻele, aia ke kaula poʻi a hiki i ka 15 cm ākea ke kapa mai kahi iʻike ʻia wale nō nā kāne. ʻAkahi hele a ʻike ʻia nā lāli o nā wahine. ʻO ka inoa lua no ka ʻīliona leona. Nā hōʻailona ʻākau loaʻa i ka Tatar Strait, ka Bering, Chukchi, kai a Okhotsk.

Hoʻopili kala

Ke Alanui Moana. ʻO ka ʻili, a me nā hana ʻino e hāʻawi i ka inoa i ka mea hana. E hōʻeuʻeu kekahi hoahānau kūlohelohe i nā sila ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo nā penguins ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka leopona moana. Hoʻopaʻa ka mea predator i ka lōʻihi o 4 m, ʻo ka lehulehu o ka hōʻailona leona makua makua a hiki i 600 kg. Aia ia ma ke kahakai o Antarctica.

Koi ʻōpū

Koi ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo ka inoa i ka nui o ka holoholona nui, i ka lōʻihi o 6.5 m, nā kala he 2.5 tons, proboscis ihu i nā kāne. Noho ka ʻĀpana komohana ma kapakai o ʻAmelika Hema, nā ʻaoʻao hema hema - ma Antarctica.

Kahiki

Hare ke kai (lahtak). I ka hoʻoilo, ua hiki ke hoʻonui ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi o kahi holoholona i hānai ʻia ma kahi o 360 kg. ʻO ka kino nui ka 2.5 m ka lōʻihi. Kūpī ikaika me nā niho liʻiliʻi. Mālama ʻia kekahi holoholona koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻāina kokoke i nā lua, ma ka lihi o kahi mākaʻi. Noho wale nō lākou. ʻO ke ʻano aloha.

Sea hare lahtak

Honi: wehewehe, ʻano, ʻano hiʻohiʻona. He aha ka nānā o ke sila?

ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ke sila ma muli o ko lākou ʻano ola. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, nā pua, ka mea i hāʻawi i ka inoa i nā ʻano holoʻokoʻa - ka "pinnipeds", e huli i kēia mau aliʻi weliweli, i loko o nā ʻauʻau lawaiʻa maikaʻi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e pau ka honi, nā like me nā kohola a me nā dolphins i pili i ka ʻāina, kahi hoʻi ka manawa a pau ka manawa i ka nui.

ʻO nā holoholona āpau he holoholona nui loa. No laila ka papahō o kahi hōʻailona, ​​ma muli o nā ʻano, pili ka 40 kg (no ka sila hōʻailona) a 2,5 tonne (no ka sila o ka elephant hōʻailona). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi hōʻailona e loli ana i ka 1.25 mika no kahi sila hōʻailona, ​​ka liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka ʻohana o nā sila maoli, a laila 6.5 mika no kahi elephana moana, nona kona inoa e hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka nui o kēia mau ʻano o nā sila. A mahalo loa, he nui nā hōʻailona o nā ʻano like ʻole e loli i ko lākou nui e like me ka manawa, ʻoiai lākou e hōʻiliʻili i nā mālama momona, a laila e nalowale ana.

Hoʻāliʻiliʻi ka ʻano o ke kino o ke sila a ua hoʻopili ʻia, ka pōkole a mānoanoa ka ʻāʻī, ka lei ʻia e ke poʻo o ka sila, ka liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻula nui a he ʻupuʻu hiʻu. ʻO nā kīpaka sila nā mea i kūkulu ʻia i nā lima a me nā wāwae.

Ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ke sila me ka lauoho puʻupuʻu a me ka paʻakikī, i ka lima hoʻokahi ʻaʻole i kaohi i kā lākou neʻe ma lalo o ka wai, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e pale aku i ka mea nona ka anu. Pēlā nō hoʻi i nā pale o ka momona subcutaneous i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nā kohu no ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo i nā hōʻailona o ke anuanu. ʻO kēia, ʻo kēia momona subcutaneous o nā kēkana e hana i kahi hana thermoregulatory, e ʻae ana i nā holoholona i hoʻomanawanui i ka maʻi ikaika o Arctic a me Antarctic. He ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka kala o ka hapanui o nā sila ma ke ʻano.

Ke nānā aku ʻoe i ke kiʻi o kahi hōʻailona, ​​me he mea lā pili loa a ola nei a lohi nei i ka ʻāina, a ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia, no ka mea e hilinaʻi ana nā hoho ʻana i nā pihi a me nā ʻōpū, aʻo kā lākou mau wāwae o ka lehelehe e huki iki ma luna o ka ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ua paʻakikī loa ia iā lākou e neʻe i luna. Akā i ka manawa hoʻokahi i loko o ka wai, ua loli maoli nā alima, mai ka lulu a me ke awkwardness e hōʻike ana iā lākou ma ka ʻāina ʻaʻole i waiho i kahi maʻa - i ka wai hiki iā lākou ke hele i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 25 km i hoʻokahi hola. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā sila i nā mea maikaʻi loa, hiki iā ia ke hele a hiki i ka 600 m ka hohonu.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā hilo ke kūʻai aku ma mua o 10 mau minuke ma lalo o ka wai, i ka manawa o ka hāʻawiʻana o ka oxygen, aia i loko o kahi pahu wai kūikawā (ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka hōʻailona) a hoʻopau a pono ʻoe e hoʻi i ka ʻāina.

ʻO nā maka o nā sila, ʻoi aku ka nui, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia ko lākou mau maka (ʻoiai naʻe ma nā ʻano wai a pau o nā ʻano āpau). Akā hoʻopihapiha ʻia nā maka nānā maikaʻi e ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi a me ka maona nui, no laila hiki i nā sila ke hopu i nā mea ʻala ma kahi mamao o 300-500 mika. A loaʻa nā kime ka mea i kapa ʻia ka tactis vibris (ʻoiai lākou i kapa ʻia ʻo "mustaches") me ke kōkua o ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia i waena o nā kuʻuna o ka wai. He mea kūpono hoʻi ia e ʻike i kekahi mau ʻano o ka ʻīlio e kū i ka echolocation, ʻoiai ke kūkulu ʻia nei iā lākou i nā manawa he mau haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā kohola a me nā dolphins.

Hōʻailona, ​​me ka wehe ʻole o kekahi mau ʻano, nele i ka dimorphism moe wahine, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua like nā kāne a me nā wahine (ʻo ka mea hōʻailona wale nō a me nā sila ʻoniʻoni ke loaʻa nā kāne me kahi "hoʻolaʻa" kūikawā ma ko lākou mau alo). E like me nā moʻokāki, nā sila, e like me nā mamalia wai he nui ʻē aʻe, ua hūnā ʻia i nā laha o ka ʻili a ʻike ʻole ʻia.

ʻAu e noho ai ke sila?

ʻO ka laulā o nā hilo he ākea loa, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo kēlā i kēia pae honua. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kai o ke kai, ua noho lākou a pau ma nā kahakai o ke kai a me nā kai. ʻO ka hapanui o nā holoholona o kēia mau holoholona e noho ana i loko o nā anuanu o ka Arctic a me Antarctic, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka momona o ka subcutaneus i kā lākou ʻae i ka anuanu ma laila, akā aia kekahi mau sila, e like me ka hōʻailona monk, e noho nei ma ka mahana wela.

Pēlā nō hoʻi kekahi o nā ʻano o nā sila, e like me ka Baikal hōʻailona, ​​e noho nei i nā loko kūloko o nā konetin.

ʻĀina Hōʻailona

ʻO nā moana, ʻoiai lākou e haku ai i nā ʻōpala hui - nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā rookie ma nā kahakai o ke kai a me nā kai, ʻo lākou ka mea like, ʻaʻole like me nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, hoʻomaha lākou a hoʻomaha ma ka ʻokoʻa, a ma kahi pilikia e mālama ai lākou i ke ʻano o ko lākou mau hoahānau.

Hōʻalo kekahi mau mea aloha i nā mea aloha, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohāola kekahi me kekahi, koe wale nō ka manawa e moe ai, ke hoʻokō nei nā kāne i kahi wahine, i kēia kūlana no ka mea hiki ke huhū ka hana aloha.

E like me kā mākou i kākau ai ma luna, i ke kahakai, palupalu ke kōpala a lohi, no laila ke kokoke nui lākou i ka wai i loko o ka rookery, no ka pōpilikia, moe ka wai i ka wai. Eia nō hoʻi, mai ia manawa mai ka manawa e kaʻi mai lākou i loko o ka wai no ka ʻai a ma laila mākou e hele ai i kahi hope aʻe.

He aha kā ka hōʻailona mea ʻai?

ʻO nā mea iʻa nā mea hoʻihoʻi, a me ke kumu nui o kā lākou mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻano kai launa: nā iʻa, nā iʻa, nā palulu, nā palapa. ʻO nā ʻīlio nui nui, e like me ke leopalelo kai, ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana, e ʻōlelo ana, nā penguins.

Monk hilo

Ma kēia ʻano o ke sila ʻana i ka mea i aloha ʻia ma waena o nā kai, ʻoiai ʻoi ke aloha i nā wai mahana o ka moana, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Caribbean me Caribbean. Pēlā pū aku ʻole e like me nā kelima ʻē aʻe, he wahi hoʻolālā maikaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kino o ke sila hōʻailona monk e 2-3 mau mika me ka paona o 250 kg. He lei ʻula hina a me ka ʻōpū māmā, ma ia mea i loaʻa ai iā ia ka inoa lua - ʻo ke sila ʻana i keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka mahalo, i ka wā i hala ua noho pū kekahi i loko o ke Kai ʻeleʻele, a hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻEleʻele o ko mākou ʻāina, akā, ʻo kēia mau manawa ua emi nui ka heluna o kēia mau sila pūlima, i kēia manawa nā papa inoa o nā hēkē moniko e kākau inoa i loko o ka Red Book.

Kahiki

E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka inoa, ʻo ka hōʻailona o ka elephant ka nui loa o nā kēkona; ʻo kona lōʻihi e hiki i ka 6,5 ​​mau mika me ke kau he 2,5 ton. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo nā waiwai me nā elepani e hāʻawi i ka nui wale nō ia, akā ke alo ʻia o ka ihu wela e like me nā kāne o kahi sila o kahi elephant. Wahi i ka noho, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā silahe elemakule i nā ʻāpana he ʻelua: e noho ana ka hōʻailona elephant ʻākau ma ke kapakai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a noho ka palena hema o ka elephant hema ma Antarctica.

ʻO kahi hōʻailona Ross

Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka mea hōʻike ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo James Ross. ʻO kēia kahi hōʻailona Antarctic liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi, e like me ka mea liʻiliʻi, kona kino e pili ana iā 2 mika lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei i 200 kg. He ʻāʻī kona poʻo nui a nā pāpaha, i mea e hūnā ʻole ai i kona poʻo. Pili liʻiliʻi, no ka mea noho ia ma nā wahi mamao o Antarctica.

Palapala hōʻailona

ʻO ke sila ʻana o ka maiʻa, ka mea i kapa ʻia no kāna gastronomic cabving no ka crab, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻailona nui loa ma ka honua - e like me nā manaʻo like ʻole, ʻo kāna helu mai 7 a 40 miliona mau kānaka. Loaʻa ia nā hiʻohiʻona no nā hōʻailona - ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 2.2-2.6 mau mika, ke kaupaʻa - 200-300 kg, lōʻihi mau mākala pōkole. Noho kēlā mau ʻīlike ma Antarctica a me ke kai hema e holoi ana, makemake pinepine lākou i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kā lākou wahi huakaʻi ma ke alo o ka hau hau, ʻauʻau me lākou.

Ke Alohaha

Ua kapa ʻia ia ma hope o ka hanohano o kekahi kanaka ʻEnelani - ko ka mea hoʻokele Pelekane ʻo Sir James Weddell, ke alakaʻi mua o ka ʻimi noiʻi noiʻi i ka Moana Weddell, kahi i ʻike mua ʻia ai kēia ʻano hōʻailona o ka poʻe Europa. Ma waena o nā kekona kēkē, e kū ana ka hōʻailona o ka Weddell no kona kahakaha kupaianaha a me lalo o nā mana o ka wai - ʻoiai he mau kiʻi ʻē aʻe i hiki i loko o ka hohonu no nā manawa he 10 mau minuke, hiki i kēia sila hōʻailona ke lana no kahi hola. Noho pū kekahi i Antartika.

Hōʻailona lōʻihi lōʻihi

ʻO ka hōʻailona lōʻihi ka mea i kapa ʻia ma muli o kona lōʻihi, e like me nā wī, nā puʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi hōʻailona lōʻihi lōʻihi he 2.5 mika a kaupaona a hiki i 300 kg. Noho ia ma ka ʻĀkau ʻApelika: ma ke kahakai o Greenland, Scandinavia a me Iceland.

Hūnāwai

ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka ʻākau e noho mau ana i ke kahakai o Greenland. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻē lāua i nā ʻano ʻē ʻole o nā lilo ma nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona: aia wale nō lākou i ka hulu kala-kala, ke poʻo ʻulaʻula, a me nā laina ʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele hoʻi e laulā mai nā poʻohiwi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka hōʻailona harp - ke lōʻihi o kona kino he 170-180 cm, ke kaumaha - 120-140 kg.

Nerpa

ʻO Nerpa ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻailona, ​​ʻo kona lōʻihi kino ma ka awelika he 1.5 mika a kaupaona a hiki i 100 kg. Akā kēia, ma ka hapa iki, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i waena o nā subspecies o ka hōʻailona - ka hōʻailona Ladoga, e ola nei i loko o Lake Ladoga, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino nona ka lōʻihi o 135 cm a kaupaona 40 kg. Ma ke kuʻuna nui, noho nā kēkona i nā wai anuanu a me ke kūleʻa o ka loko o ka Pākīpika, ʻAmelika a me Arctic, a me nā loko nui a me nā kai kūloko. Hoʻokumu i ka hale, kahi ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia e like me ka Caspian seal, Baikal seal, Ladoga sila hōʻailona.

ʻO ke kumu o nā hōʻailona

Ua ʻike ʻia nā kūpuna o nā pinnipeds i holo wāwae i ka ʻōpū. Ma hope mai, hiki i ka hoʻopulapula ʻana i nā kūlana kime, ua koi ʻia lākou e kahe i loko o ka wai. I kēia hihia, ʻike nui ʻia, nā ʻīlio maoli a me nā pepeiao i hele mai i nā holoholona like ʻole.

Manaʻo nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o nā kūpuna o kēia manawa, a he mau mea like paha me nā ʻOʻulu he ʻumikumamālima miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika. He ʻoi aku ka kahiko o ka hōʻailona pepeiao - nā kūpuna, nā ʻīlio manu like, iwakāluakumālima mau miliona mau makahiki i noho ai i loko o ka ʻākau o ka Moana Pakipika.

ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolālā kino

ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻole ʻana o kēia mau pūʻulu ʻelua o nā hōʻailona hakahaka i ka ʻokoʻa like o ke kāʻei o ko lākou iwi. No laila, he hōʻailona ʻole o kahi hōʻailona ma ka ʻāina. Aia i ke kahakai, moe ʻo ia i kona ʻōpū, lele nā ​​pelu mua i nā ʻaoʻao, a hoʻopuni nā hope hope i ka lepo i ka wā e neʻe ai, e like me ka lāʻala iʻa. Ke neʻe i mua, paʻa ka holoholona i ka palu mau, e neʻe ana i kona kino kaumaha.

ʻO ka hōʻailona pepeiao, ʻaʻole like me ia, paʻa i nā wāwae ʻehā. I ka manawa like, he mau ikaika ikaika o kona mau ʻūlū mua, i hiki ke kū i ke paona kino paʻa pono, a ʻaʻole i kaana o hope i hope, akā huli i hope a kū i lalo o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka maʻamau, hele kēia holoholona i "waddle", e hoʻohana ana i nā lepa āpau i ka hele ʻana o ka hele, a inā pono, hiki iā "ke kālai" me ke ʻano wikiwiki. No laila, hiki i kahi hōʻailona hulu ke hiki ke holo ma o kekahi pali pōhaku i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke kanaka.

Pehea e kau ai nā kelima

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pālima mua o ka ʻīpiha maoli. Hoʻopau mau ʻia kēia hope a ʻaʻole kū i ke kuʻi kuʻekuʻe. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe i ke kākoʻo no ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻāina, akā ʻo ka ʻai ʻana o ka holoholona i ka wai e hoʻomaikaʻi iā lākou, me ka hana ʻana i nā kīkaha ikaika.

E neʻe ka moho pepeiao i ka wai ma ke ʻano ʻē. Pue aku ʻo ia e like me kahi penguin, ke kau ʻana i kona mau ʻōlulu me ka ʻoluʻolu. Hoʻohui wale kona mau ʻeke hope i hana wale o ke ʻano.

Ka wehewehe holoʻokoʻa

Nā ʻano ʻāpana like nā hōʻailona me ka lōʻihi (mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻeono paha mau mika) a ma ke kino kino (nā kāne - mai ʻehiku mau kilima a ʻekolu paha). ʻO nā kaila nui loa i waena o nā silahe elele, a ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi e kāʻei ʻia. ʻO nā kekona i hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻole nui loa. ʻO ka nui o lākou, ʻo ka liona kai, hiki ke ulu i nā mita anima a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o nā ton. ʻO kahi kuhi liʻiliʻi, ʻo kahi kelu huluhulu Kerch he hōʻailona, ​​kaupaona hoʻokahi wale nō haneli kg a loaʻa i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi a me nā hapalua mika. Hoʻokumu ka honi i nā hana dimorphism - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mau kāne i nā wahine i ka nui a me ka nui o ke kino.

Kūpono ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o nā sila i nā neʻe kūpono i ka wai. Loaʻa iā lākou āpau kahi kino elongated, ʻāʻī lōʻihi a loloa hoʻi, kahi ʻoi pōkole akā ua maopopo pono ʻia. ʻO ke poʻo, e like me ke lula, he liʻiliʻi, a ʻike maopopo ʻia nā auricles wale nō i loko o nā sila e pili ana i nā pepeiao, i nā pepeiao maoli maoli he mau puka liʻiliʻi lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo.

ʻO ka hele ʻana o kahi palapona māla o ka momona subcutaneous, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama maikaʻi i ka wela i ka wai anuanu, e hoʻohui ai i nā hōʻailona a pau. Hānau ʻia nā honu o nā ʻano like ʻole, i uhi ʻia me ka hulu mānoanoa, kahi a lākou e ʻaihue ai ma mua o ʻekolu mau pule (ʻo kona ʻulaʻula, he keʻokeʻo.) Ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi hōʻailona paʻa (ʻo ka pākeke) ka lauoho lauoho e loaʻa ʻole kahi kelekona i ʻōlelo ʻia, a me nā kekona o nā elephant. ʻO nā pālima pepeiao, ʻo ko lākou iho lalo, i ke kaʻawale hoʻi, hiki ke pohō, a me nā kuʻi hulu manu a me ka wā pākeke, mālama ʻia kahi huluhulu hulu.

ʻO nā mea kaulana loa o nā sila maoli

Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, ʻo ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlio maoli he ʻumikumamāwalu a me iwakāluakumamāhā mau ʻano.

• nā pahu moana (White-bellied, Hawaiian, Caribbean),
• nā ʻona elepani (ʻākau a ma ke kūkulu hema),
• ʻO kahi hōʻailona Ross
• ʻO ka hōʻailona kuikahi
• pahu wili
• leopuni moana
• lahtaka (laut hare),
• crested,
• nā silaina maʻamau a i ʻike ʻia.
• hōʻailona (Baikal, Caspian a kani ʻia),
• hōʻailona lōʻihi
• lionfish (kaula honi).

Hōʻike nā ʻano a pau o nā sila o kēia ʻohana i loko o ka manuʻa o Lūkia.

Nā kelepona i hoʻopau

ʻO nā ʻōiwi o kēia mau makahiki he ʻumikumamāhā a ʻumikumamālima mau ʻano o nā hōʻailona o nā pepeiao. Ua hui pūʻia lākou i ʻelua mau hui nui (subfamilies).

ʻO ka hui pū e pili ana i nā kohu hulu, me nā:

• ʻLelo (ʻo nā pua wale nō o ka inoa like),
• Hema (South American, New Zealand, Galapagos, Kerguelen, Fernandez, Cape, Guadeloupe, Subantarctic).

Hoʻokumu ka pūʻulu lua:

• Liona moana wai (ʻākau)
• Kaleponi
• Galapagos
• Kepani
• hema
• Kahiki
• Maikaʻi ʻia.

Ma nā wai o Lūkia, ua hōʻailona nā hōʻailona o kēia ʻohana e nā liona kai a me nā ʻīkohu hulu ʻākau.

Hoʻoikaika & Habitat

ʻO ka puʻu nui loa o nā sila e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi polar, ma nā kahakai o ka ʻAlaki, Antartika. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa kūikawā, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona monk, e noho nei i loko o nā wai wela o ka Hikina. Noho kekahi mau holoholona ma ka wai kaiʻuahi, no ka laʻana, ma ka Lake Baikal.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā hilo e nā neʻe lōʻihi. Noho lākou i nā wai kahakai, e kau ana i nā puʻu, e pili ana i nā wahi mau. Ma ka ʻāina kahi i neʻe ai me ka hoʻoikaika, holo, hilinaʻi i nā mea mua. Ke manaʻo nei lākou i ka pōʻino, kū iho i loko o ka lāʻau. I loko o ka wai ua manaʻo lākou iā lākou, he kaʻawale.

ʻO kahi sila he holoholona pipiʻi. ʻO nā ʻūkā huakaʻi, a i ʻole rookeries, i ʻō i nā kai, ma nā papa hau. Aia ka nui o nā kau ma nā kumu he nui, akā he nui nā hui me nā koina kiʻekiʻe no nā hēkona ʻaʻole kūlike i ka ʻike. ʻAʻole mamao loa nā mea kūʻokoʻa mai kekahi i kekahi, akā ka hoʻomaha, hānai kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau hoahānau. Ua maluhia ka pilina ma waena o lākou. I ka wā o ka molting, kōkua nā holoholona i nā hoalauna e hoʻopau i nā huluhulu kahiko - ʻohi i ko lākou mau kua.

Palapala honu Baikal i ka la he mau hoaʻo o nā kohu

ʻO nā holoholona e moe ana ma luna o ka mea holo ʻohana e nānā ʻole. Ma waena o lākou iho, kamaʻilio lākou me nā ʻīwī pōkole, ʻoiai he quacking a he ʻakaʻaka paha. He kani kani ma nā manawa like ʻole loaʻa kekahi mau kikoʻī. I loko o nā holoholona, ​​hui pū nā leo o nā holoholona i ke kani ʻana, inā paha ma ke kahakai, kahi i kū nui ai ka nalu moana.

ʻO kekahi mau manawa ke ʻano o ka poʻe mele mele hūnā. ʻO nā hue ʻoniʻoni nui e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā silahe elephant. ʻO nā hōʻailona pōpilikia ua piha i ka ʻāʻī, ke kāhea i ka wā hānau no nā pēpē e hoʻomau nei, a huhū. ʻO nā intonation, frequency, series of repetitions e lawe ana i kahi laha semantie kūikawā i ke kamaʻilio ikaika ʻana o nā holoholona.

ʻO ka hiamoe ʻana o nā sila, ʻaʻole ikaika loa. Ma ka ʻāina, mālama lākou, hiamoe pololei no ka manawa pōkole i ka wai, i kēlā manawa i kēia manawa i ka papa e hoʻopiha hou i ka lako o ka ea.