ʻO ka ʻūlū ʻaʻa a i ʻole ʻĀlani Kelemania (lat. Astyanax mexicanus) ʻelua mau mea, ʻo ka mea maʻamau a makapō, e noho ana ma nā ana. A, inā ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻoe i nā mea maʻamau ma nā mea kanu, akā kaulana loa ka makapō.

Ma waena o kēia mau iʻa he manawa a 10,000 mau makahiki, ka mea i lawe aku i ka maka a me ka hapa nui o nā puaʻa mai ka iʻa.

Noho ka loko i loko o nā ana, ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike i ka mālamalama, ua hoʻomohala kēia iʻa i kahi ʻano kupaianaha o ka laina hope, e ʻae iā ia e holo i ka neʻe liʻiliʻi o ka wai.

ʻO ka maka na ka maka, akā ʻoiai e ulu nui ana, ua pūpū lākou me ka ʻili a hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻono ʻono i luna o ke poʻo.

ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe

Noho wale nō ka mea nānā ʻole ma Mexico, akā, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o kēia ʻano a puni ʻAmelika, mai Texas a me New Mexico a hiki iā Guatemala.

Noho ke aliʻi tetra maʻamau i kahi kokoke i ka pakanawai o ka wai a loaʻa i loko o kēlā me kēia wai wai, mai nā kahawai a i nā loko a me nā loko wai.

Noho ka poʻe ʻōpiopio ma nā waʻa lalo a me nā mea nui.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka nui ka nui o kēia iʻa he 12 cm, ʻano maʻamau ke kino no ka haracinovye āpau, akā wale nō ke kala a palaka ʻole.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iʻa coa e kahi maka piha ʻole o nā maka a me ke kala, he albinos lākou ʻaʻohe pigmentation, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-keʻokeʻo ke kino.

I ka makapō, ʻaʻole pono kēia tetra i nā mea hoʻoneʻe a i ʻole he ʻoluʻolu a ua loaʻa nā ʻano kīnā o nā wai ʻōpū.

ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻino i nā mea kanu, akā, ma ka mea maoli, i ka mea maoli o kēia mau iʻa, ʻaʻole kanu nā mea kanu.

E nānā maoli lākou e like me ka hiki i loko o ka mea kanu me nā mea kanu ʻole, me nā pōhaku nui ma nā kihi a me nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi ma ke kikowaena a me ka ʻāina pōʻeleʻele. Pāʻalo ʻia ke kukui, paha me nā kukui ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.

Hoʻohana ka poʻe file i kā lākou laina hope no ka orientation i ka lewa, a me ka nui o ka waiwai e hina lākou i nā mea ʻaʻole pono ke makaʻu.

Akā, ʻaʻole ia he kumu e poloka ai i ka mea kanu me ka hoʻoleʻa, waiho i kahi avanoa lawa wale no kaʻauʻau.

ʻO kahi hale wai me ka nui o ka 200 lita a ʻoi aʻe, me kahi wai wai o 20 - 25 ° C, pH: 6.5 - 8.0, hōʻeha 90 - 447 ppm e makemake ʻia.

Hoʻomau

Hōʻike ka honua o ka iʻa akuarium me kona ʻano like ʻole a me nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa exotic. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēlā mea hoʻohiwahiwa ʻo ia ʻo Astianax Mekiko. I ka Latin, ka inoa o ka iʻa e like me Astyanax mexicanus. ʻElua mau ʻano o kēia iʻa i ʻike ʻia - maʻamau a ʻike makapō (ʻokoʻa nā maka).

I waena o nā aquarist, ʻo ia ka lua o ka mea nui i ʻike nui ʻia. Ma nā puke ʻepekema ʻōlelo nui kekahi mau inoa o kēia iʻa: Astianax (Astyanax jordani), nā kānaka makapō Mekiko (Blind Mexican Tetra) a i ʻole cūnū tetra blindra (Blind Cave Tetras). ʻO ka maka o kēia mau iʻa he mau maka, akā i ka manawa ua paʻa lākou i ke kino a nalowale kā lākou mau hana ʻike.

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻano makapō ʻo Mexico Asitianax i ka ʻāina o kā mākou ʻāina ma kēia manawa aku nei, i ka makahiki 1960. A aneane iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1978, ua ʻike ka ʻaha kūloko hale i ka mea i ʻike ʻia.

ʻO ka Asitanianax kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi me kahi kino kiʻekiʻe a ma hope iho i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka puka makapō hiki ke 9 cm, ʻo ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka iʻa e ulu a 12 cm. Hiki iā ia ke ola a hiki i 5 mau makahiki i nā kūlana o ka hale aku.

ʻO ke kino a me nā ʻāpana makapō o ka iʻa i kūpaʻa ʻia e ka ʻili o ka ʻiʻo, ua kokoke like ke aniani. ʻO ke kino o ka iʻa he ʻulaʻula uliuli me ka pua kala. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā maka o ka pākeke me kahi kiʻi kino ikaika, akā ua noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka iʻa ma ke ʻano wai me ke kōkua o ka laina ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻāpana ʻōwili e kū ana ma ke poʻo.

ʻO ka Asitianaks o ka maka i ʻike ʻia he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me kahi ʻāpana kālā. ʻIke maoli ʻia kahi kaula ʻulaʻula ma ke kino a pau. ʻO ka peni ma ke anus ka māpala ʻulaʻula, i nā kāne loaʻa kahi poʻo kuhikuhi.

He mea kupaianaha nō ia o ke ʻano makapō o Asitianax i kū i 10 tausani mau makahiki ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano maʻamau. I ka manawa hana nei, noho ka iʻa ma ke anaʻeleʻele. I lalo o ia ʻano, hoʻomohala ʻia ka iʻa ma mua o ka laina o hope, e hiki ai i ka iʻa ke hoʻokele i ke ala o kēia wā.

He waiwai kuhihewa ʻo Mexico Asitianaxes, ʻoiai hiki i kahi mea hoʻomaka ke loaʻa iā lākou. Akā no kēia mea e kūleʻa ai kēia ʻike, pono ia e ʻike i kekahi mau lula.

Nā Manaʻo a Aku Aku

Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, noho ʻo Asithianaxes i nā papa kiʻekiʻe a i waena paha o ka waihona kō. I ka i loko, pono nō lākou e hoʻolako i kēia manawa. No kahi hipa o 5 a 10 mau kope, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai aku i ka wai me ka nui o ka 50-60 lita. Hiki ke kūpono, pololei paha, ke ʻano o ka mea i loko o ka mea i loko o ka mea i loko. Pono e hoʻokomo i kahi copressor a me kahi kānana i loko o ka aquarium i lihi i ka wai me ka oxygen a mālama i kona ʻano.

ʻAiawa ka iʻa, a no laila pono ke lako me ka pahu momona me kahi aniani uhi.

Kūlike

Pono kūpono a maluhia hoʻi ka iʻa aku nā palola a me nā mea hoʻomaka no ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻoiai e hoʻopuni pū me ia i nā hale wai maʻamau.

I kekahi manawa kuikiliki lākou i nā poli i nā hoalauna i ka wā e hānai ai, akā pili loa kēia i kahi hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka orientation ma mua o ka hana ʻino.

ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia ka nani a me ka pīhoihoi, akā ke nānā aku ka iʻa makapō i ka maikaʻi a hoihoi i ke kula, no laila e kuhikuhi ʻia e mālama i ka poʻe ma 4-5.

Pono nā palapala

E ʻike pono kēia mau iʻa i ka ʻona o ka ʻāina pōʻeleʻele. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea kanu aku i kahi ana liʻiliʻi - ua lawe mai kēia i nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe. Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea a ka ʻāina a me nā mea kāhiko, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili i nā makana i koi ʻole i ka paʻa ʻole ka iʻa makapō.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wahine a me ke kāne

Hiki ke nānā pono ʻia a demorphism o Mexico Asitianaxes. He palu mau ka wahine, me ka ʻōpū e puni ai. ʻOkoʻa nā mea kūʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka fin fin - i nā kāne ua puni ia, a i nā wahine he pololei. Ma mua o ke spawning, he ʻulaʻula kane.

Hoʻomaka o Asitianax

ʻO ka Asitanian Mekiko e pili ana i ka iʻa iʻa. Puberty hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, akā eia kahi hōʻike no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka iʻa e hiki mai i ka makahiki 6 mau mahina. I kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka spawning, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine i loko o nā mea ʻokoʻa a hoʻoluhi ʻia me ka hānai meaʻai.

No ka hoʻouluulu, he ʻohana liʻiliʻi o Asitianaxes (ʻekolu a ʻehā paha kāne a hoʻokahi wahine) i kanu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpala kewaho. E like me ke spawning, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi kū wai ākea me ka nui o 20 lita a i ʻole. E hoʻopiha, lawe i ka wai mai kahi kīwī maʻamau, ʻo ia ka 1/3 palu me ka hou a noho. Kuhi ʻia ke ʻano o ka wai wai i ka pae a 26-27 i ka kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau nā spawning i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā. I kekahi manawa, hoʻokumu mai ka wahine i ka 500 a 1000 mau hua liʻiliʻi me ka diameter o 1 mm. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, ma kona pūhaka loa. Ka hēleʻele hua manuahi i nā kuhikuhi a pau. I mea e hoʻopakele ai i ka caviar a me ka pākī mai ka ʻai ʻana e nā mākua, kahi māla puaʻa me nā lau liʻiliʻi e waiho ʻia i ka māla spawning. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi a me nā hua liʻiliʻi e hāʻule ana mai ka wai mai o ka wai e hoʻopili i nā lau a lilo i mea pio i ka iʻa pākeke. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi upena kūikawā ma lalo o ka puaʻa - kahi hapa o ka hua e waiho ma luna ma luna.

I ka pau loa o ka spawning, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea hana iʻa me kahi i ka wai maʻamau, i ka hakila, ua loli ka hapa o ka wai a hoʻomoe ʻia me ka oxygen e hoʻohana ana i kahi compressor. Ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau lā, puka mai nā palaka mai nā hua. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau lā a ʻehā mau lā, hoʻomaka nā keiki e ʻauʻau a ʻimi nā meaʻai. ʻO ka maka o ka iʻa makapo ʻo Asitianax Mexican he mau maka no ka mau lā 50, a laila ua huki ʻia lākou e ka ʻili. ʻOiai me nā ʻuhane o ka hihiʻo, ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka pīkī i ka neʻe o nā mea a ka meaʻai, akā ke manaʻo nei lākou e pili pū me ke kino.

E like me ka meaʻai mua no nā pēpē, "hūnā ola", nauplii a me nā meaʻai maloʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ke ulu nui nei lākou, ʻano like ʻia ka pālapa ʻana me ka nui ʻole i ʻai ka poʻe nui i nā mea liʻu.

Loaʻa nā hoʻololi

Piha ka wahine, me ka ʻōpū nui a puni. Ma nā kāne kāne, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pulu anal, aʻo nā wahine ma ke kūpono.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokolohua "Pisces" ma 3 mau ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia kahi hana nui, he nui nā hana me ke koho ʻana i kahi pane pololei, e loaʻa ana i ka match, ke hoʻoholo nei i kāna kime e like me ka wehewehe a me kahi pane kikoʻī i ka nīnau.

Nānā kuhi:

ʻO ka koho "FISH" 1 koho

1. Na keʻena ʻelua

1) kalaiwi 2) ʻōpala a me nā iʻa iwi 3) nā ʻōpūʻehā 4) nā manu a me nā mammals

2. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona morphological e ʻokoʻa i ka hapanui o nā iʻa o ka iwi ma ke kikoono

1) mau maka i uhi ʻia ma nā aniani 2) nā kaila auditory waho 3) nā pulu paʻi e uhi i nā mea 4) nā fins dinsal

3. Hiki i ka iʻa kīnā ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai ma:

1) hoʻonani wai i loaʻa i ka laina o ka ʻaoʻao,

2) nā ʻō aū o ka wai i hopu ʻia e ka waena waena,

3) kahi hōʻailona mai nā pihi photosensitive o ke kino holoʻokoʻa,

4) nā hōʻailona electromagnetic i ʻike pololei ʻia e ka cortex o nā hemispher cerebral.

4. I ka iʻa, hoʻonui ʻia ke koko me ka oxygen i loko o nā koena, no laila e komo ke koko i nā loko o ke kino:

1) kāwili, 2) hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻaihue, 3) mea ʻala, 4) ānau.

5. nā hōʻailona e hoʻokaʻawale i nā iʻa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe -

1) ka mua o nā kuʻi mai 3 mau keʻena 2) ka lolo mai ʻelima mau keʻena

3) kahi pōʻai ma waena o ke kahe o ke koko 4) ka lua o ka lumi ʻelua

II. 1. E hoʻokumu i kahi pilina ma waena o nā hui holoholona a me kā lākou ʻano ʻano.

A) E komo i nā iʻa o ka pā nui a me ka nui. Hōʻike lākou lākou ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka moni adipose. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka lewa wela a me ke kūkulu ʻākau. Nui loa nā waiwai o ka moana o ka Hikina. Ma hope o ke spawning, make ka nui

ʻO B) kahi "kino" a ʻāpala nui loa a me nā peni pectoral nui, i hoʻopili ʻia me ke poʻo, he ʻano pono. ʻO ka waha, nā ʻuʻuku a me ʻelima mau mau manawa o ka ʻea i kahi ma ka ʻaoʻao a ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ka ʻona hoʻoneʻe.

1V. 1. Kākau i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hiki o ka iʻa ma ka ʻona wai

2. E wehewehe i ke kaena o ka iʻa

ʻO ka koho "FISH" 2 ke koho

I. E koho i kekahi pane pololei

1 .. ʻO kahi holoholona wai ka mea kaʻona paʻa a me ka puʻuwai ʻelua

1) Crocodile nile 2) Blue shark 3) Dolphin squirrel 4) Honu turtle

2. Mai nā hōʻea o ka iʻa i loko o nā moku e kahe;

1) koko venous, 2) koko arterial, 3) hemolymph, 4) koko i hui ʻia.

3. ʻAʻohe Kolika ʻauʻau ma:

1) mau lālā, 2) stingrays, 3) mau chimeras, 4) kēia mau mea a pau.

4. Hoʻokahele ʻia ka kiko o ka iʻa i kēia mau ʻāpana:

1) ʻoki a me ka huelo, 2) cervical, trunk a me ke kaʻe,

3) cervical, thoracic, sacral a me caudal, 4) ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i nā keʻena.

5. Ke ala a me ka ikaika o kēia manawa, ka hohonu o ka hohonu o ka iʻa

1) nā hemispheres serebral 2) ʻo ka spinal cord 3) ke kaula laina 4) ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau.

II. E hoʻonohonoho i ka mea kākau ma waena o ka iʻa a me ka papa kahi i kū ai ia ʻano.

2. E hoʻonoho i ka leka ma waena o nā kauoha o ka iʻa a me kā lākou ʻano

III. Kākau i ka inoa o ka ʻāpana ika iʻa e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia

A) Ke kihi o ka iwi-cartilaginous. Aia kahi kahi e kū i ka wā holoʻokoʻa. 5 mau laina o nā polu iwi (mau pūleo) aia ma ke kuʻi a a ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hapa o nā kino vertebral

kūlohelohe ʻōwili lime, cone arterial i loko o ka puʻuwai.

B) He kino elongated, hoʻoneʻe iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a i uliuli paha, ke keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū o ke kala kala. ʻO nā lepe a me ka uku ʻole. ʻAʻohe ʻike ʻole ka ʻaoʻao

1V. 1. Kākau i ka waiwai o ke kaʻina o ka iʻa

2. e wehewehe i ke kaomi o ka iʻa

Nā koho "FISH" 3 koho

I. E koho i kekahi pane pololei

1. I ka hana hoʻoiho, ua komo mua ka pōkole

1. lancelet 2) arthropods 3) amphibians 4) iʻa

2. ʻO nā holoholona me kahi iwi a i ʻole iwi-cartilaginous skeleton, i hui pū ʻia me nā uhi gill, ua hui ʻia i loko o ka papa

1) mau iʻa iʻa 2) mau huaʻai he 3) ʻokiʻoki iʻa iʻa 4) lancelet

3 .. He aha nā mea kūʻokoʻa o ka hui o ka iʻa ulia i hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo iā lākou i nā kūpuna o nā vertebrates terestrial?

1) nā mea kaupaona ma ke kino, ka hele ʻana o nā pua, 2) ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā māmā, ke ʻano kūikawā o nā ʻala,

3) ka pae kino i hoʻopiha ʻia, nā hanana hoʻonaninani maikaʻi, 4) hanu me ke kōkua o nā hōʻiliʻili, ka wānana.

4. Na ka perch he:

1) nā kūmole waena, waena a me waho, 2) ka waena waena a me loko.

3) nā pepeiao wale wale nō; 4) ʻaʻohe ʻōpiopio pepeiao kūikawā.

5. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona e hiki ai i ka iʻa ke hoʻopau i ka ikaika i ka kaʻe ʻana o ka wai i ka wā o ka neʻe

1) kahi kala pale 2) hoʻonohonoho like me nā unahi

3) ka laina lateral 4) ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka haki a

II. E hoʻokumu i kahi mea pili ma waena o nā ʻano holoholona a me nā papa no kēia mau ʻano ʻano.

E hoʻonoho i ka leka ma waena o nā kauoha a ka iʻa a me kā lākou ʻano

III. Kākau i ka inoa o ka ʻāpana ika iʻa e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia

A) Hoʻonui i nā lehelehe mua ma mua o ka lula ʻana i ka lula i ka pepeiao o loko - ka mea hana pūnaewele pūnaewele Aia nā niho pharyngeal ma nā iwi pharyngeal haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻohe mea ʻōpū, nā meaʻai mai ka esophagus e komo koke ai i ka pūpū lōʻihi

B) He hui kahiko o nā iʻa wai wai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻūlū e noho mau ana i ka cartilaginous. Ola ke kāpili ʻia. Nā kūʻokoʻa ma waho o ke kaila gill a me ka pulmonary.

IV. 1 wehewehe i ke ʻano a me ke hana no ka pale ʻaʻau manu

2. e wehewehe i ka paena o ka iʻa

Nāʻaʻa piha makapō

I ka makahiki 1936, ua ʻike ka mea lawehala ʻo Salvadoro Corona i ka iʻa makapō mua i loko o nā ana o Mekiko. Ua hoʻouna koke ʻia aku lākou i ke kanaka ʻepekema ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia ʻo S.V. ʻO Ioredane, ka mea nāna i wehewehe a hāʻawi i ka inoa ʻepekema i kēia mau ʻano ʻano, ʻo ka Anoptichthys jordani mai ka ʻohana haracin. ʻIli ʻole ka ʻili o ke anoptyctum a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻole o ka puaʻa, no laila he ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻia kēia iʻa, ma muli o ke kaila hāmama i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻili. Hoʻokuʻu piha ʻia nā maka o ka ʻāpana ʻo Anopticht a mahele ʻāpana hoʻi e uhi ʻia ana e ka ʻili. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka anoptycht i loko o ka wai o nā kahe pōʻeleʻele, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pulu holomua o ka laina o hope.

I ka makahiki 1942, ua kipa ʻia kahi holomua kūikawā no ka anoptyte ʻūlike ʻaʻole i ka hopu wale i kēia mau iʻa, akā e loaʻa nō hoʻi i hua mai ka iʻa i hopu ʻia.

Ua hala nā makahiki, a mai ia manawa aku ma kahi o ka 50 mau ʻano o nā iʻa makapō i loaʻa i loko o nā wai ana i ka honua. Ke ʻano ʻē ko lākou ʻano like, e like me ko ka ʻohana 12 o nā kauoha 6. Ma ka manawa like, nā iʻa nona nā ka ʻili ʻili a me ka pimelodov, clari, brotulov a me ka cat cat i noho i ʻAlepelika a Hema. Ma ʻA Africa, ʻike nā poʻe noho lua nā mea i loko o nā ana kahe i nā ʻelele o ka Vandellove, proboscis a me nā ʻauʻau, ma Iapana a me Hawaiʻi ua mau hoahānau lawehala, a i nā ana o Central Asia a me Iran kokoke, nā poʻe noho hū mai ka loach a me nā cyprinids. Ma Australia, ua ʻike ʻia ka iʻa makapō mua i ka makahiki 1945 a loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa ʻo "makapō kanaka."

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa i noho i loko o ka wai lua a lalo, e like me ka anoptichthys, ʻaʻole ʻulaʻalohi, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ko lākou mau maka i hoʻokahi kula a i ʻole kekahi, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hana nā maka i ke ʻano o nā ana, akā i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻono, ʻono a me nā pā, e hoʻomōmaikaʻi ʻia, e like me ka uku no ka ʻike nalo. . ^ E Ha yM.

ʻO ka iʻa makapō ʻĀlani a (Milyeringa veritas) he iʻa iʻa liʻiliʻi me ka lōʻihi ʻē aʻe o 5 cm. He kino keʻena semitransparent kēia, a piha ʻole i nā pigments i ka ʻili. ʻO Gideona ka iʻa makapō ʻoki loa i nā maka. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka poʻo o ka iʻa ma kahi o nā kaulike, akā ua hoʻohuihui ʻia me nā lālani pono o ka papillae paʻa. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kaomi o ka wai. ʻO ke ʻōnaehana papillae paʻakikī o kēia ʻōnaehana ʻano hoʻonaninani maikaʻi e hiki ai i kēia iʻa makapō ke hele i loko o ka wai pouli o nā ana, a aia hoʻi ke kau i ka wahi o nā pōpilikia, ʻaʻole like ka nui o nā wai kahe i liʻiliʻi ʻole nā ​​holoholona.

ʻAʻole i hala ka manawa i hala ma ke ʻano o kēia iʻa makapo mua, ʻo Gideona, a ua ʻike ʻia ma kekahi wahi ākea i nā ana o ʻAralia: ma Northwest Wales a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Barrow. Noho ka iʻa ʻapo ʻia i kēia mau wahi i loko o nā wahi pākahi: ma nā loko liʻiliʻi i loko o nā pōhaku, ka wai pāpū paʻa, nā lua hohonu i loko o nā pōhaku, nā luawai kahiko a me nā pā hohonu i loko.Ka mea, hiki i ka iʻa makapō ke noho i ka lua i loko o nā lua i kahi mamao aku ma mua o 4.3 km mai nā wahi hoʻomālamalama i ʻike ʻia, a i ke kai hāmama kokoke i ke kahakai.

Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mea e pili ana i ka biology o ke makapō o Gideona. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili o ka ʻili o nā ʻōpū o kēia mau mea i ka hanu e ʻike pono ʻia ana i ka hopu ʻia, a hoʻāla paha i ka wai o nā invertebrates terrestrial i hāʻule ʻole i loko o ka wai o nā ana. He kōkuku kēia, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o nā ʻalāhi (e like me nā lice lāʻau), nā mākeke a me nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili i nā hana hoʻoiho passive, ke hopu ikaika nei ka Gideona i ka honu aquatic makapō mai ka ʻohana Atrydae, e noho ana ma kekahi wai wai. Eia nō naʻe, kēlā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kā lākou meaʻai ke ʻano o ka Gideona e noho kokoke kokoke ana i nā puka ʻana mai nā ana, a ʻo nā wahi wale nō e hana wale nei 1% o ka nui o ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa makapō. A ʻo ke kumu o kaʻai ʻana o ka Gerona e noho ana i nā lua hohonu, ua ʻamiʻaka ʻo ia.

ʻO nā iʻa makapō ʻo Gideona, me nā ʻili kūleʻa makapuka (Ophisternon candidum), ʻo ia wale ka mea neʻe i ka lua kūmaka i noho ma Australia. I loko o nā wai o nā ana, ua nā kahiki hāleanʻi paha ʻo Gilekona ma kahi kokoke a i ka hiʻu a i ka hohonu paha, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano ʻano nui i nā poʻe ʻimi ikaika.

ʻĀnō ka manaʻo o kēia iʻa ʻapo ke ʻano i loko o nā wai o nā ana i kū i ke kākana o ka kahakai ʻo Cape Range National Park. Eia nō naʻe, ua wehe nā ʻōnaehana wai i nā ʻōnaehana, a me ka loli o ka minerala a i ʻole koina kūleʻa i nā wai e hoʻopuni ana i ka wai o ke ana. No laila, ʻo ka nānā wale ʻana i ka wai a me kona paʻakai e kōkua i nā ʻepekema e komo i nā pili paʻakikī o ka ana o ka ana kō o Australia, ʻo kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ka ʻapo makapō ʻo Gideona.

He mau holoholona i mālama ʻia ʻo Gideona Cave a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka papa inoa holoholona manuahi lihilua a weliweli ʻo Ausetalia.

E koho i kahi pane pololei.

1. Na keʻena ʻelua

1) kalaiʻa 2) iʻa aʻa

3) mau mālima 4) nā manu a me nā momona

2. He pūnaehana ʻōpiopio paʻa a ʻo ka naʻau ʻelua ʻelua lumi holoholona iʻa ka wai

1) Kāhu lua Nile 2) pulu poloka

3) kāmoli kīwila 4) kolo pūlū

3. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona morphological e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hapa nui o nā ʻano iʻa o ka iwi maʻa

1) nā maka i uhi ʻia me nā pūlima 2) nā kēpana auditory waho

3) paipai gill uhi 4) mauʻu dorsal

4. I ke kaʻina hana i ulu ai, ua puka mua ka pōkole

1) lancelet 2) arthropods 3) amphibians 4) iʻa

5. ʻO nā holoholona me kahi iwi a i ʻole ka iwi-cartilaginous skeleton, gills with gill cover, i hui pū ʻia i ka papa 1) iʻa iwi 2) amphibians 3) iʻa kaʻa cartilaginous 4) lancelet

6. He aha nā mea kūlike o ka hui ʻana i nā iʻa iʻa e ʻae iā mākou e noʻonoʻo iā lākou i nā kūpuna o nā vertebrates terestrial?

1) nā unahi ma ke kino, ka nānā ʻana o nā pua.

2) hoʻokumu pūpū, hana kūikawā o nā fins,

3) ka pae kino kino i kūkulu ʻia, nā ʻōnaehana sensory i kūkulu ʻia,

4) hanu me ke kōkua o nā hōʻiliʻili, wānana.

7. ʻO nā iʻa pōpoki ka: 1) mau hiu, 2) mau stingrays, 3) newts, 4) mau kūkaʻi.

8. Hiki i nā iʻa kīnā ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai ma:

1) hoʻonani wai i loaʻa i ka laina o ka ʻaoʻao,

2) nā ʻō aū o ka wai i hopu ʻia e ka waena waena,

3) kahi hōʻailona mai nā pihi photosensitive o ke kino holoʻokoʻa,

4) nā hōʻailona electromagnetic i ʻike pololei ʻia e ka cortex o nā hemispher cerebral.

9. Mai nā hōʻea o ka iʻa i loko o nā moku e kahe;

1) koko venous, 2) koko arterial, 3) hemolymph, 4) koko i hui ʻia.

10. ʻAʻohe huamona o nā honu hua manu: 1) nā kukū, 2) ostrich, 3) herring, 4) mau kīpē.

11. ʻAʻohe ʻauʻau ʻauʻau i: 1) mau hiu, 2) stingrays, 3) chimeras, 4) kēia mau mea a pau.

12. I ka iʻa, hoʻonui ʻia ke koko me ka oxygen i loko o nā koena, no laila e komo ke koko i nā loko o ke kino:

1) kāwili, 2) hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻaihue,

3) venous; 4) arterial.

13. Ua māhelehele ʻia ka spine o nā iʻa i kēia ʻāpana:

1) ʻoki a me ka huelo, 2) cervical, trunk a me ke kaʻe,

3) cervical, thoracic, sacral a me caudal, 4) ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i nā keʻena.

14. He pane nō ka perch:

1) nā kūmole waena, waena a me waho, 2) ka waena waena a me loko.

3) nā pepeiao wale wale nō; 4) ʻaʻohe ʻōpiopio pepeiao kūikawā.

15. ka puka ʻana o nā iʻa.

1) e noho i nā kai, eʻai i nā loko, 2) e noho i nā kai, pua i nā kai,

3) noho a hoʻoulu i nā kahe like ʻole, 4) noho a pua i nā moana like ʻole.

16. nā hōʻailona e hoʻokaʻawale i nā iʻa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe -

1) ka mua o nā kuʻi mai 3 mau keʻena 2) ka lolo mai ʻelima mau keʻena

3) kahi pōʻai ma waena o ke kahe o ke koko 4) ka lua o ka lumi ʻelua

17. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona e hiki ai i ka iʻa ke hoʻopau i ka ikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka kū wai ʻana i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana

1) kahi kala pale 2) hoʻonohonoho like me nā unahi

3) ka laina lateral 4) ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka haki a

18. He aha nā mea kūʻokoʻa o ka hui o nā iʻa i lawe ʻia i hana ai lākou iā lākou nā kūpuna o nā vertebrates terestrial?

1) unahi ili i ka ʻili, ke alo o nā pua

2) ka pae kino kino i kūkulu ʻia, nā hana naʻau i kūkulu ʻia

3) hana ka pipi ʻauʻau e like me ka ʻōpala, ka hana kūikawā o nā pā o ka hope

4) hānai i ka hanu, mālama i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe

1) nā hemiseares cerebral; 2) ka spinal cord

3) nā laina lateral 4) ʻo ka puna ʻaʻe ʻauʻau

20. Hana pū ʻia nā kumulāʻau Gill

1) hoʻolilo uila) 2 kānana

3) kākoʻo 4) i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wahi

21. He aha ke kiʻi ma ke kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka iʻa cartilaginous? 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

22. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pike a me nā kapa Hōʻele ʻo Katran.

2) mau iwi ulia

3) ke ʻano o ka lolo

23. I ka iʻa, lilo ka koko i loko

1) puʻuwai 2) aorta hanaki 3) gill arteries 4) capillaries o nā kino o loko

24. He aha ka hana o ka mana e hōʻike ʻia e kahi palapala nīnau ma ke kiʻi?

1) ka nānā ʻana o ka meaʻai ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka wai o ka gastric

2) kāpili manu i nā wahine a me nā sperm i nā kāne

3) ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kino mai nā huahana metabolic i pono ʻole

4) ala i ka wai o ka wai a hoʻoiho hohonu

25. ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike kūloko?

1) kalupa 2) papa honua 3) shark 4) pond frog

26. He aha ka hana e hana ai ka cerebellum i nā iʻa?

1) hāʻawi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā neʻe o ka 2) e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻōnaehana kaila

3) ʻike i ka ʻike mai nā pepeiao lohe 4) e mālama i ka ʻano

He aha ka helu ma ke kiʻi e hōʻike ai i ka iʻa cartilaginous?

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

27. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo o ka iʻa e hōʻike ʻia e kahi nīnau nīnau i ke kiʻi?

1) midbrain 2) medulla oblongata 3) cerebellum 4) forebrain

1) mau mea ʻike o ka ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana) 2 mau mea kikoʻi

3) nā lālā o ka laina hope 4) ʻo ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻili

29. Kaʻa wīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīneapaʻa: 1. Wāwaho 2. Sturgeons 3. Sterlet 4. Stingrays 5. Lancelet 6. Sazans

30. He aha nā mea kuʻi a me nā waihona?

1) ka make ʻana o ka chlorophyll i loko o nā kō

2) kahi ulu ulu

3) ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kanu mai ke kaiapuni ma ka lawe ʻana

4) mea kanu meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea kanu kino

5) hana hou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā spores

6) mālama mālama glycogen i nā mea kanu

31. E kau i ka leka ma waena o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano holoholona

A) ʻōnaehana hele pōkole

ʻO B) ke kākāke o loko - ke kāhea

C) pili ka neural tube i ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ke kino

D) kahi kaulahao i loko o ka ʻōpū

D) ʻōnaehana olakino pani ʻia

E) nā limahana paʻa ʻole

32. E hoʻokūkū i kahi mea ma waena o nā ʻelele o ke aupuni holoholona a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona.

A) pili i ka pākia

B) hoʻokomo i ka papa o ka Cartilage,

C) kāpili a me ka paila pulmonary,

D) pana hanu,

D) hoʻomohala kekahi laina,

E) i kekahi poʻe he kahuna parietal e ʻike maopopo i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā.

33. E hoʻonohonoho i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana kaila a me nā papa o nā holoholona.

A) koko koko i loko o ka puʻuwai,

B) ʻehā mau lumi i loko o ka puʻuwai,

C) mau pulu koko he ʻelua,

D) kahi kiko o ke kahe o ke koko,

D) koko koko mai ka puʻuwai i komo i ka pūpū,

E) ʻelua lumi i loko o ka puʻuwai.

34. E kau i ka leka ma waena o ka iʻa a me ka papa kahi i kū pono ʻia ai ia. A) kele i nā gill puka i waho

Hoʻopili ʻia ka waha ma ke ʻōpū o ke kino

Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele he ʻāpana kaukau

D) nāuaka iwi

Kuhi ʻo nā gills i nā uhi gill

1) ʻO ka iʻa Cartilaginous

35. E kau i ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano o ka iʻa a me ka papa e pili ana i kēia ʻano. A) hōʻiliʻili kūloko

B) wehe nā mea kanu me nā ʻoki a gill

B) nā neʻe i ka wā spawning he ʻano maʻamau o kekahi mau ʻano

Kuhi ʻo nā gills i nā uhi gill

D) ma laila mau ʻāpana ʻaʻa manu

1) ʻO ka iʻa Cartilaginous

2) laau ʻokiʻoki nui

36. E hoʻonohonoho i ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano a me ka hui o nā holoholona kahi iʻike ai.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka chord ma nā ʻano āpau i ke ola holoʻokoʻa

B) ma ka ʻāpana ka ʻelima ʻāpana

B) paʻa ka naʻau i nā keʻena

D) ka hele ʻana o kahi manamana lima lima

D) hoʻomau ka tube neural i nā pākeke

E) ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka neural tube i ka lolo a me ka spinal cord

37. Hōʻuluʻulu i nā holoholona ma kahi ʻano e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ko lākou ʻōnaehana i ka wā o ka evolution: 1) lancelet 2) toad 3) hydra 4) shark 5) buak 6) orangutan

E kuhi i kahi pane kikoʻī i ka nīnau.

He aha nā ʻāpana ʻōpona a pehea e hiki ai i nā iʻa ke hoʻokele iā lākou i ka wai?

He aha nā hana i ke kino o ka iʻa e hiki ai i ka pua ʻaʻeke e hana?

He aha nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana iʻa e hoʻoemi i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumu ikehu no ka neʻe i ka wai?

No ke aha e ʻokiʻoki ai ka nui o nā iʻa kūloko i ka nui o ka iʻa i ka wā e make ai ka iʻa iʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai?

5. E huli i nā hewa ʻekolu i ke aniani a hoʻoponopono iā lākou.

1. Iʻa - nā paʻele iʻa aku.

2. ʻO ke kākoʻo o ke kino o nā iʻa a pau ke kākala i ka pahu kolohe

3. Ke pīhoihoi i ka iʻa gill.

4. I loko o ka ʻōnaehana hāwau, ʻelua mau pōʻai o ke kahe o ke koko, a i loko o ka puʻuwai wale nō ke koko.

5. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻai waena o ka iʻa ka ʻano o kahi ngipa, ka mua i huli i ke ʻekepili, nona ka 5 mau ʻāpana.

6. ʻO ka hapanui o ka iʻa he hermaphrodite.

Ua ʻike nā ʻepekemaʻepekema ʻo ka iʻa makapō i lilo i miliona mau makahiki i lalo o ka hale, hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ke ao a me ka pō, loaʻa mau ke ʻano hana o ke ola loea, a ʻano ʻē aʻe. Keʻike nei ka poʻe noiʻi hiki i ka mea hiki ke loaʻa ka māka no ke ʻano o ka hana o nā kiʻī i loko.

Hāʻawi i ka uaki i loko, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke mele o ka circadian, ke kōkua ʻana i nā holoholona, ​​nā mea kanu, a me nā ʻano ola ʻē aʻe e hoʻoponopono i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā i ka pō o ke ao a me ka pō. ʻAʻole maoli ke kani o kēia kani i ka papa hana 24-hola, a no laila, e hui pū me ka honua kūlohelohe, hoʻoponopono hou lākou i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka lā.

Eia naʻe, ke hāpai nei i ka pāhaʻi o ka circadian i ka nīnau inā paha nā mea ola e noho nei i ka pouli mau e hiki ke hoʻokō i ka manawa manawa, a inā hiki iā lākou, pehea lākou e hana ai. No ka laʻana, e pili ana iā 50 mau ʻano o nā iʻa a puni ka honua i ko lākou ola i loko o nā ana me ka ʻole o ka lā; i ka wā o ke kolo ʻana, nui ka hapa o ko lākou mau maka.

"ʻO ka iʻa Cave ke hāʻawi iā mākou i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomaopopo i ka hopena o ka lā e hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōiwi," i wehewehe ai ʻo ka mea noiʻi Cristiano Bertolucci, he mea kākau loea ma ke University of Ferrara, Italia.

Ua noiʻi ʻo Bertolucci a me kāna mau hoa i ka iʻa ʻai Somali (Phreatichthys andruzzii), i noho kaʻawale ma lalo o ka wao nahele no 1.4 a 2.6 miliona mau makahiki. Hoʻohālikelike lākou i ke ʻano o ka ʻauʻau a me ka hana o nā ʻano uaka i ʻike ʻia i nā iʻa maʻamau - ka zebrafish beled, me nā mea e hōʻike ʻia ana i nā iʻa.

ʻO Striped zebrafish i hōʻike i ke kaikuahine ligadian circadian, ke hoʻonohonoho pū ʻana me nā lepa o ka pōʻeleʻele a me ka māmā. Ke pīhoihoi ʻole, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano o ka iʻa i nā ʻapo ʻole i nā mea like me ke ao. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia kekahi hōʻailona e like me ke ʻano - nā wā maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia i ka meaʻai - ua paʻa ke ʻano o ka ihe poladian o ka zebrafish a me ka iʻa lua. Ua ʻike ʻia hiki ke hana ka nānā ʻana i nā māka iʻa inā inā hāʻawi ʻia kahi hōʻailona kūpono, e like me ka meaʻai.

Ka ʻike pili ʻana i nā hua o nā lehelehe i lalo o ka iʻa i hoʻowalewale ʻia i ka lua o nā meakanu hoʻonaninani ʻelua i ʻike ʻia he opsins, he poloka i ka hiki ke pane i ka māmā a no laila ua hoʻōki i ka kuʻikuʻi circadian. He mea kupaianaha ʻo ia i ka wā i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka iʻa i kahi mea kemika e hana ai i nā hīmeni kūlohelohe i loko o nā iʻa maʻamau, ua hana ka mōʻī o ka iʻa a ka iʻa i loko o ke kaʻau o 47 mau hola.

ʻAʻole ka hahai ʻana o nā mākaʻi i nā iʻa ika i ka haki 24-hola e hōʻike nei kēia mau holoholona i ka nalowale i kā lākou mau kukuna kikowaena, wahi a ka mea noiʻi Nicholas Folkes, mea loea i ka papa puke ʻo Karlsruhe Institute, Technology.

Ua hoʻohuli iki kēia mau hana paʻakikī e loli, akā huli lākou i hoʻololi ʻia no nā ʻano like ʻole, a no laila, e like me ka Folkes, hiki paha i kahi manawa ke lilo aku. Ma ke ʻano o kēia kaʻina hana, pono paha no ka mea ke hana nei kēia uaki i ka pōkole 47-hola hewa ma mua o ka 24-hola hoʻokahi. Mei paha i loko o hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki ʻaʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i loko. Ke mau nei no ka mailo ole i kēia wati.

Nui ka hūnā i ka wā e hiki mai ai ke hoʻomālamalama i ka mākeke o ka circadian. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka hana o kēia mau uina i nā iʻa lawaiʻa hāmua i hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo mua i ka mea huna o ke ʻano o kēia mau molekini photosensitive i loko o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.

"Ua hāʻawi kēia aʻo ʻana i kahi impetus i kahi ʻike maikaʻi o ka pane ʻana o ka wati i ke kaiapuni," wahi a Folkes.

Nā Māmua Hūmole

A. mexicanus kaulana no kona ʻano ʻaila makapō, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka "blind lung tetra", "blind tetra" a i ʻole "blind lung fish". Aia ma kahi o 30 mau kānaka tetra kūikawā e noho nei i nā lua hohonu ua nalowale ʻike kekelē a me nā maka o lākou iho. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau iʻa i ke kapaʻeleʻele me kahi sideline e nānā nui ʻia ana i ke kuʻekuʻe ikaika.

ʻO nā pōlō a ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like like ʻole, no ka mea e pili kokoke lākou a hiki ke hoʻopā. Aia kahi ʻano makapō like ʻO Astyanax jordani, i hala koke mai nei i ka ʻike a me ka makapō i ʻike ʻia A. mexicanus. ^ E Ha yM. I ka manawa hānau, ka caveman A. mexicanus he mau maka, akā me ka makahiki, ulu nā maka i luna o ka ʻili, a laila nalo loa.

Nā hōʻailona waho o ka astianax

Ua kiʻekiʻe ka kino o ka iʻa, me ka palu ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻohe mea hāmai ma luna o ia mea, no laila ke kala kala ʻia ke kino kala. Ke hōʻike ʻia ka mālamalama i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻike ʻia nā pūhaka luminous me nā selu sela. ʻIliʻili ʻulaʻula, piha loa. I ka wā spawning i ka kāne, lilo lākou i ʻulaʻula ulaula. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o ke kāne. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena anal me kahi kihi kikoʻī. E alakaʻi ʻia ka iʻa lawaiʻa e kekahi laina lateral me nā ʻae like ʻole.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā maka o nā Astianaxes me kahi ʻili o ka ʻili, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei me ke kū ʻole o ke kukui. Nā ʻāpana ʻilii loko o ka mea i loko o ka pahu aku he 10 cm.

Hoʻokahi ʻAmianax

ʻElua mau puka ʻo Astianax: makapō, e noho ana i nā ana a me nā mea maʻamau. ʻAno, kapa ʻia kēia iʻa ʻaʻole makapō, akā he mau maka ʻole. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā maka o ka iʻa i hoʻopou wale ʻia ma muli o ka nele o ka mālamalama i nā ana. Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka iʻa ma ka pōʻele me ke kōkua o nā ʻāpana o ka pā, ka ʻono a me ka laina o hope.

Astianax (Astyanax mexicanus).

I loko o nā mea kanu, aia nā amateurs i kahi mana makapō, ʻaʻole kaulana loa nā astianaxes. ʻO ka maka na ka maka, akā ʻoiai e ulu nui ana, ua paʻapū lākou me ka ʻili, a hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hoʻolaʻa iā lākou iho e nā hōʻailona mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻono ʻono i luna o ke poʻo.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana o nā astianax i loko o kahi hale aku

ʻAe ʻino wale ʻo Astianaxi, akā ʻo ka iʻa aloha aloha. Nai wai, noho lākou ma nā papa ma luna a i waena. Ke hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka hewa me nā neons a me nā guppies. He aha ke kumu o ka huhū like ʻole ʻole. Hoʻoweliweli loa ka iʻa no nā leo nui, makaʻu koke a hiki ke lele i waho o ka aquarium, no laila ua uhi lākou me ka uhi.

ʻO ke ʻano nui o ke ʻano o ka hana astianaxes he hū.

I ka loko aku me kahi papa o 50 lita, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā iʻa makapō.He mea nui loa e hana ai no Astianaxes i kahi kiʻi pōhaku i kona kokoke e like me ka hiki a ka mea maʻamau. Pono nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia i ka ʻū ʻole, e like me ka iʻa makapō pinepine i nā lau.

ʻO ka pae mahana wela e koi ʻia e nā iʻa mai 15-18 ° C a i 28-29 ° C. ʻO ka mea kūpono loa e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia: ke mahana 20-25 ° C, kaomi pH 6.5-7.5, paʻakikī dH 15-25 °. Eia kekahi, hoʻohui, kānana, kānana ka hopena o kēlā me kēia pule o ka hapa ʻehā o ka wai. ʻAʻole pono ka iʻa kīnā e hoʻomālamalama. No ka loaʻa o nā hopena maikaʻi, pono ʻoe e kau i nā kukui wai kīwī i hoʻoilo i ka pō pō i waena o nā coral cefs. ʻO nā peni kūpono kūpono i nā momi a i ʻulaʻula paha.

ʻAʻole piha nā Astianaxes. ʻO ka makapō he ʻano lāa wale nō o kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻaʻohe ona maka me ke albino.

Pāʻaiʻai Astianax

Ke kūlohelohe nei, hānai ka iʻa iʻa ma nā invertebrates. Ke mālama ʻia nei i loko o kahi kaiakena, a laila ʻike ʻole ʻo Astianaxes i ke koho ʻana o ka meaʻai. He keʻakeʻa ʻole lākou, ʻai i nā meaʻai me nā meaʻai maikaʻi. No nā ʻanoʻai o nā meaʻai, pono ke ʻano lole o ka wā nui me nā mea kanu kai, inā ʻaʻole i ʻai ka iʻa me nā mea kanu aku. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā cereals scalded, ʻili i kālai ʻia, palaoa.

ʻOhiʻa i ka iʻa makapō

I ke makahiki hoʻokahi, hiki i ka iʻa makapō ke hoʻohālikelike. I mea e loaʻa ai nā keiki, koho ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine, mālama ʻia lākou mai kahi ʻē aʻe no nā lā 5-6 a hānai ʻia ʻoe. No spawning, pono ʻoe e hopu i nā kāne ikaika loa, koho ʻia nā mea hana e pili ana i 1 wahine no 2-3 kāne kāne.

ʻO ka nui o ka spawning he 30-40 lita. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka wai wai i loko me kahi mahana o 25-27 ° C, hoʻomoʻa ka wai mahana i ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke one a i ʻole ma ka hale kala i lalo. Ma kahi kolikola mokulele, pono ʻoe e kau i nā mea kanu lāʻau me nā lau liʻiliʻi, e kupu hou ka iʻa ma luna o lākou. E hoʻonāʻule ʻia ka aquarium.

ʻIke ʻia kēia mau iʻa i ke kapaʻeleʻele me kahi sideline e nānā nui ʻia ana i ke kuʻekuʻe ikaika.

Lā ʻai nā iʻa ma ka lā a i ʻole ke kolu o ka lā ma hope o ke neʻe i loko o ka pōkā wai. Ke kū aʻe nei ka kāne a me ka wahine i ka pū wai i ka wai, a ʻae lākou e hālāwai ai, hoʻokuʻi nei lāua iā lāua iho i nā ʻaoʻao o kekahi i kekahi a holo koke kekahi mai kekahi. A laila ua luku ka wahine i nā hua he 4-6, hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ke kāne iā lākou ma "ka lele". Ua make ʻo Caviar i lalo o ka mea i loko o ka pōkole. No kahi manamana wahine i makemake ʻia 200-300, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi 1000 mau hua liʻiliʻi.

Ma hope o ke kiʻi ʻana, e kau ʻia nā kāne a me ka wahine. I ka i loko, ua hoʻololi ʻia kahi hapakolu o ka wai a hana ʻia kahi aeration. Puka mai nā huaā nui mai nā hua ma hope o nā lā 1-4, e huli i ka palaoa a i ka lā ʻehiku hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau a ʻai me ka manu ʻole. Ua hānai ʻia lākou me ka ciliates, nauplii o ka hānai brine, "lepo ola", ʻoi ka pipi a ulu nui a ulu nui. Ke hoʻonui mau nei nā lawelawe o ka hānai. Hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai maloʻo a me nā rotifers i ka meaʻai. I nā makahiki he ʻekolu mau pule, loaʻa i ka iʻa ʻapo liʻiliʻi i kahi kala. Noho ʻo Astianaxes i kahi papa aku no kahi o 4-5 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā mea e pili ana i nā iʻa makapō

Ua ʻike ʻia nā aniani āpau a me nā pāʻai i kokoke i ulu ke alo i nā maka me nā lei ʻino.

I ka manawa hānau, he mau maka nā iʻa, akā me ka pakeke ua popo lākou i ka ʻili, a laila nalo loa.

Hoʻopau nā maka liʻiliʻi i ʻelua mau mahina, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​iʻa ʻōpio i nā mea me ke kōkua o kā lāua mau mea ʻike. Ma kahi o 18 a 20 mau lā o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, hoʻomaka ka maka o nā maka makapō-makapō a e piʻi iki ʻia e ka ʻili, a i ʻekolu mau mahina e hoʻopau lākou i ka atrophy.

He mea kupaianaha inā ʻoe e mālama i ka Astianaxes i ka mālamalama i nā manawa a pau, a laila ma hope o ka 20-30 mau hanauna, ʻike ʻia nā maka ʻaʻole i loko o ka iʻa, akā nō hoʻi i nā iʻa pākeke. Ma kekahi mau mea i loko o nā hale aku aia kekahi iʻa me nā “makapō ʻike maka ʻole” me ka kala hoʻohui ma mua o ke ʻano maoli. He ʻano kūlohelohe ka iʻa i ke aniani, no laila hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike i ka iʻa makapō. Pale maikaʻi lākou, pale i nā pale, loaʻa nā meaʻai a me nā wahi. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka iʻa makapō i loko o kahi ʻakihi ʻē aʻe.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Nā maʻi maʻi Asitianax Mexico

ʻO ka asitianaks Mexican kahi iʻa me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi, no laila e makaʻala ʻoe e kau nui. ʻO ka ʻai nui e hiki ai i nā pilikia o ka hoʻowalewale i kēia mau mea ola.

ʻAʻole ka ʻike e pili ana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa.

Kamaipono / hānai

Wehe i ka maʻalahi, ʻaʻole i koi ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia i nā kūlana kūikawā e hoʻoulu i ka spawning. Hāʻawi pinepine ka iʻa i ka hua. I ka manawa e moe ai, i mea e pale ai i ka hua ma lalo, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i kahi upena maikaʻi o ka laina lawaiʻa ʻokoʻa (no ka ʻole ka hao ʻia i ke ʻano). He momona nui a Mexican tetra, hiki i ka wahine pākeke ke hoʻopuka a hiki i nā hua he 1000, ʻoiai ʻaʻole naʻe lākou e hōʻono ʻia. I ka hopena o ka pīpī, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hua i kahi pū kaawale me nā kūlana wai like. Pahu ʻia ka pīkī i nā 24 mau hola mua, ma hope o kekahi hebedoma e hoʻomaka lākou e ʻauʻau wale i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
He mea koʻikoʻi ia e like me nā wā mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ua ʻike nā wai i nā maka e ulu aʻe ana i ka wā o ka wā e pau ʻole a hoʻopau ʻia i ka pākeke.

Nā maʻi ʻona

ʻO ka koena hoʻonaʻauao hoʻokaʻawale kūpono me nā kūlana kūpono ʻo ia ka hōʻoia maikaʻi loa e kū'ē i kekahi mau maʻi, no laila, inā ua loli ka iʻa i kāna ʻano, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, e nānā mua i nā ʻāpana wai, hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i ka maʻamau inā pono, a hele wale nō i. hana

Lākia i ka Wīwī Pūnaewele.

ʻOihana ʻepekema: Astyanax jordani.

ʻO kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe: Cave Blind Cetetra (Pōmole Cave Tetras), he Poʻomaʻa Kākoʻo Mexico (Blind Mexican Tetra).

Hōʻailona hoʻomaʻamaʻa ika wīwī: maʻalahi.

ʻO ka nui: ma kahi o 10cm (3.5-4 ʻehā).

Blind Fish ola: 3 a 5 mau makahiki, lōʻihi aku paha.

pH: mai 6.0 a 7.5.

Hāpai: 20-25 ° C (68-77 ° F).

Ka Hōʻailona o ka Blind Fish / Habitat: USA (Texas) a me Mexico.

ʻĀina: kūʻokoʻa kūlike, ʻoiai inā mālama ʻia i kahi pūʻulu (5 mau ʻāpana a ʻoi aku paha). Hiki iā lākou ke'āwili i nā hoalauna ma ka aquarium.

Moe ʻAno Blind: waiho pū hua. Hiki lākou i ka wā poperty i ke makahiki he ʻehā paha. ʻO ka iʻa ʻola (1 wahine a me 2-3 kāne), e lilo i mau mākua ma hope, i kanu ʻia no kahi hebedoma a hānai nui ʻia.

Hoʻomoe i nā pono Blind paipaiia i ka puaa (30-40l) piha me ka wai kai (20-27 0 C). ʻO ka lalo i uhi ʻia me nā ʻula a malala paha. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi-liʻiliʻi i loko o ia mea e kau ai ka iʻa. Pono e lōlō ʻia ke kīwaha - e hoʻomālamalama i ka kukui a uhi i ke aniani me ka pepa.

2-3 lā ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka hoʻōla Nā iʻa makapō hoʻomaka nā spawning. Pāʻiliʻili aku ka wahine i nā hua he 4-6, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka male ma ka lele. Hōʻalo ʻia ʻo Caviar e hāʻule i lalo. No ka spawning, kuʻi ka wahine mai 200 a 1000 mau huaʻa.

I ka holo ʻana o ka spawning, wehe ʻia nā mea hana spawning. Hoʻololi ʻia ka wai i loko (1/3) me ka wai i loko o ka wai me kahi hoʻohuihui. ʻO ka wā hoʻolauleʻa Blind - 1-4 lā. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma, lilo ka ʻōmole a hoʻomaka i kaʻauʻau, e ʻimi ana i kahi mea e loaʻa pono ai. I kēia manawa, hānai ʻia ʻo ka pīkī voracious me ka hika brine, ka lepo ola, nā ciliates, etc.

ʻIli akuleʻa: no ka 5 iʻa - ma kahi o 80l.

Ka Hāpaiʻa Hapa e launa pū me kekahi iʻa e hiki ʻole ke ʻai iā lākou a loaʻa ka manaʻo i like.

Meaʻai / Hānai ʻia: nā iʻa mikole e lawe i nā mea i kau, nā māla, nā papa, nā meaʻai e ʻai a me ka meaʻai i paʻa.

Kāleka: waena a i lalo o ka hale iʻa.

Nā Wāwā Mau ʻōwili: ʻAʻohe ʻanoʻokoʻa loa ma waena o nā kāne. I ka wā spawning, lilo i ka wahine maikaʻi i ka hānai no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua, ʻike ʻia ka wā e ʻike ai i ka iʻa mai luna.

Uku: Maʻa ʻeleʻa ka iʻa, akā hiki nō iā ʻoe ke kūʻai no ka Blind Fish ma luna o ka pūnaewele no $ 1-3.