Inā mākou nā Aztecs, kapa mākou i kēia holoholona he "ʻīlio akua." Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa Latin me he ʻīlio hīkoi. A kapaʻaʻa nā mea o nā nīnau hou i kapa ʻia - "ʻulāʻu ʻula", "ʻulaʻula", "wolf ʻulaʻula" a i ʻole "coyote". O ke ʻano o kēia holoholona i mihi ai ka poʻe i nā inoa he nui?

ʻO ka wehewehe waho

He mākaʻohana kahi coyote i ka poʻe predator. ʻO kēia mau holoholona no ka ʻohana canine. ʻO waho, ua like nā ʻolio ʻulaʻula like me nā ʻīlio maʻamau, akā heʻuʻuku. Ua hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo aku ʻo ka coyote ka nui loa i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā pālio maʻamau a liʻiliʻi loa. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka coyote makua ma mua o 100 cm, ʻaʻole eʻoi aʻe ka huelo o ka lōʻihi ma mua o 30 cm, ʻo ka holoholona paha ma kahi o 50 cm ma nā pala. ʻO ia ka pae nui mai 7 kg (ka palena liʻiliʻi) a 21 kg (kiʻekiʻe). ʻO kahi wolf maʻamau maʻamau, kahi a mākou e hoʻohālikelike ai i ke kaikuahine me ka ʻona, he haneli ka nui o 32 kg, a hiki i nā poʻe nui ke piʻi i 60 kg.

ʻO ka ʻulepā me ka ʻulepule he mau pepeiao, a ʻo kona ʻili ke kapa ʻia he fluffy. ʻO ka hulu ka meli a he lōʻihi paha, ʻulaʻula i ke kala, me nā ʻeleʻele a me nā hina. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā kala o ka hulu ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke ʻano o ka muzzle elongated-kuhikuhi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kahi rubx ma mua o ka wolf. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kihi o ka huʻu me nā lauoho ʻeleʻele.

Ma kahi e noho ai nā coyotes

ʻO Coyotes nā kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā ʻāina ʻAmelika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a loaʻa iā lākou ma 49 mau mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada a me Mexico. ʻO ka ʻulepule me ka ʻulepā o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i uku i ka wā o ka Gold Rush. Me ka poʻe miniona, e ʻike nei kēia holoholona holoholona i nā ʻāina hou, ʻaʻole ka hoʻowahāwahā i kekahi mea waiwai.

ʻO nā wili ʻulaʻula noho noho me nā wahi ākea. Noho lākou ma nā lōlima a me nā wao; ua ākea loa lākou i nā ulu lāʻau. Noho nā Coyotes ʻaʻole i nā wahi neoneo wale nō, akā, i ka waho o nā megacities nui.

ʻO nā mea ʻai

I ka ʻai, ua picky ka wili a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia holoholona i ka mana nui, akā ʻo ka ʻai nui ka ʻiʻo o ka hares, nā ʻolaka, nā ʻīlio, nā pū ka ʻāina a me nā groundhog. Hiki i kekahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā manu, nā mea inikona a me nā holoholona ʻano ʻē aʻe, i lilo i ka papa nui o ka holoholona pōloli. A no ka mea noho pinepine nā coyotes ma kahi kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i nā holoholona home, ʻoiai lākou e hana pinepine nei.

Kāhea ʻia nā Coyotes i nā kānaka. Akā he mea hoihoi loa ia nā konohiki i hui pū ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o ke kanaka.

Pehea e holo ai ka coyote

E makemake nui ʻia ʻo Meadow Wolf i ka hoʻoili poʻo ʻelua. Akā no ka huki ʻana i ka pāʻani nui hiki ke hoʻohui pū i nā hipa. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kuleana, e like me nā ʻīlio. Nui nā mea kuʻi i lawe i ka ʻohana i ka ʻohana a hoʻopau paha iā ia me ka ʻimi lōʻihi.

I kekahi manawa hopu pū me nā mea coyotes. He hui maikaʻi loa ia, no ka mea, ʻo ka palalela e wāwahi i nā ana i kahi e ola ai a hū paha, a hopu koke ka coyote a make ia. Hōʻeha nā Coyotes, wikiwiki a lele maikaʻi. He maikaʻi lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa.

Loaʻa i nā holoholonaʻelemakule ko lākou mau wahi hopu. ʻO ke kikowaena o kēia ʻāina ka wahi noho o ka mea hoʻopuka. Hoʻopau mau ʻia nā palena o ke kahua me ka urine.

Kāhea nui nā Coyotes. Ma kēia ala, kamaʻilio mau holoholona me kēlā me kēia, hoʻākoakoa i ʻohana no ka huki, e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou mau hoa ʻohana e noho lākou i ka ʻāina o kekahi, a kāhea i kā wahine. I ka pō ma nā poʻo mua o ʻAmelika, e kani mau ana ka uwē ʻana, me ka hoʻoweliweli i nā poʻe kipa ʻole i ʻike ʻia. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā poʻe loea e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻonohonoho i nā leo kani i mea e ʻike mua ai i nā holoholona e nānā ʻia ana.

Ala o ke ola

ʻO ka hapa nui nā poʻe predator i noho pālua i ʻelua. Akā loaʻa hoʻokahi poʻe a me nā ʻohana ʻohana. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka wī nahele ʻo ʻAmelika i nā pua ma nā wahi he nui loa o nā holoholona a me nā lako e pono ai ka nui. ʻO kahi ʻohana he 5-6 pākahi, ʻelua o nā mākua, a ʻo ke koena kā lākou ʻōpio.

ʻO kekahi kumu nui e hui ai ka nele i ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi. I kēia hihia, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻohana, ʻo ia ka ʻimi no nā holoholona nui, ʻo ia wale nō ke hiki i ka coyote ke hoʻokō.

He mau loa nā wīwī wīwī. Noho lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao me nā makahiki he nui, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia e nā hoa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻopaʻa pū ka kāne i ko lākou ola a pau.

Hana ka hala i ka hoʻoilo, mai Ianuali a Pepeluali. He koʻikoʻi nui nā wahine wahine Coyote. Hiki i nā brood ke loaʻa mai 5 a 19 mau pipi. Ma kahi o 3 mahina. Aia ka hānau ma kahi ma ka ʻohana nui, akā he mau pāliʻi hou i kēlā me kēia. Hoʻohana kēia mau lua a i ʻole crevices i ka hihia. Mālama ke kāne i ka wahine a me nā ʻehā, loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai a me nā kahuʻi i ka home. He makua makua mālama ʻo Meadow Wolf. Hāpai ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana i nā pēpē me kāna makuahine. Hele ke kāne makua i ke ola kūʻokoʻa, a hiki i nā wahine ke noho pū me ko lākou mau mākua.

Ma ka nahele, hiki i nā coyotes ke ola ma mua o he ʻumi makahiki, a i ke pio ʻana ko lākou lōʻihi i ke ola. Ua pakele kekahi mau kāne ma zoos no 15-16 mau makahiki.

ʻO kaʻu moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao

ʻO ka ʻekaʻula Red, he kiʻi a me ka wehewehe o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i kou nānā ʻana, he hiʻohiʻona ia i nā moʻolelo o nā ʻohana India he nui o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. He hiʻohiʻona a pāʻani hewaʻole kēia e kūkulu i nā hoʻopunipuni liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole i pōʻino, akā no ka mea leʻaleʻa. ʻO kēlā mau ʻano ʻano i kapa ʻia he mau mea hoʻopunipuni, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻopunipuni ana i nā akua, a i ʻole antiheroe i ʻike ʻole pehea e hāpai ai i kā lākou kuleana.

Ma kekahi mau ʻohana India, he ʻīlio he akua he akua nāna e hoʻopiʻi i ka poʻe hahai, nā koa a me nā mea aloha. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe India i kēia akua he mea kilokilo nui. A ua ola kekahi mau ʻohana i ka ʻīlio a ka "ʻīlio akua" i ka wā pāʻani i hana ʻino ka poʻe i ka lapalapa a me ko lākou koko. ʻAʻole i hahai nui ka ʻianslelo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i nā coyotes, no ka mea, ua manaʻo lākou he holoholona totem lākou.

Ke poʻo inoa

Mai ka inoa mai ka Aztec coyotl, "ʻīlio koa." ʻO ka inoa Lālia (Canis latrans) o nā ʻano he "dog bar dog". ʻO ka inoa ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano ʻalaʻu ka ʻulepule. I ka kenekulia 19 - 20 mau kenekulia Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia nā inoa "ʻīlio meʻa", "ʻ Americanlio ʻAmelika Haki ʻAmelika", "American jackal", "meadow jackal", "wolf liʻiliʻi" a me ka "wolf bush".

Kāleka

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana iā 75 - 100 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 30 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mauʻu ma kahi o 50 cm. He ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka hulu ma mua o ka wolf, ʻulaʻula a ka ʻulaʻulaʻula, brownish a sandy paha. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hema o ke kanaka, ʻo ka māmā o ka ʻili a hele i ke one, ka ʻākau i ka ʻeleʻele, me ka nui o ka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me kaʻulaʻula. Loaʻa ka mau mele i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻākau o ka ʻāina. Albino i waena o nā coyotes i kākau ʻia

ʻO ka paona o nā coyotes mai 9-13 kg ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka waihona, i ka 18-21 kg i ka ʻākau. Ka kaupaona ʻana o ke kaupaona ʻana o ka nui o ka nui o ka hapa nui ma kahi o 33.6 kg. E like me ke kānāwai, noho nā coyotes i nā pālua, a aia kekahi mau kānaka a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aʻe ka kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pae. Hāʻawi ʻia nā Coyotes i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i ka uluʻana intraspecific (ʻo nā leʻaka hema loa ma waena o coyotes, ʻaʻole nui ka hakakā maoli maoli, akā naʻe, hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka hoa hakakā.

Hoʻoikaika

ʻO Coyote kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā pāpū ākea i noho ʻia e nā prairies a me nā wao. Kahi ka holo ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau. Hele ʻia ia ma nā wahi mehameha a ma waho o nā kūlanakauhale nui e like me Los Angeles. Hoʻopili maʻalahi i nā ʻāina hana i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. ʻO ka hapanui o ke ola. I nā biocenoses o ka cairote prairie e noho ana i kahi e like me nā o ka jackal i nā biocenoses o ka Honua Mua. He ʻōkuhi a keu nui loa ka Coyote i ka meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, 90% o kāna meaʻai e hana ʻia no ka holoholona holoholona: hares, rabbits, meadow dogs, woodchucks a ground squirrels (ma Kanada), nā kiaʻi liʻiliʻi. E lele i ka skunks, raccoons, ferrets, possums a beavers, eʻai manu (pheasants), nā pepeke. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hele pū i ka fox a me ka ulaula ulaula i ka "menu" coyote. Pipi maikaʻi ʻo Coyote a hopu i nā holoholona iʻa - ka iʻa, ka baki a me nā mea hou. ʻO ka hipa hipa home, nā kao, ka nahele a me ka pronghorn e hoʻouka pinepine ʻia. Lele loa ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kānaka - no ka aneane 200 mau makahiki o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻepekema, ʻelua wale nō ka hōʻeuʻeu ʻana i ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia ma ka makahiki (i ka makahiki 1984 i USA a me 2009 i Kanada, aia nā mea ʻelua i kau i ka mālama ʻana i kahi lua me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka hihia i hōʻike ʻia ai kahi kanaka maoli hoʻoweliweli i ke ola a me ke olakino o nā ʻōpio). I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka wā lūlū, ʻai nui ia i nā huaʻai, nā hua ʻai a me nā huaʻai me ka leʻaleʻa. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻālani i ka hoʻoilo, huli ʻo ia i ka ʻai ʻana i ka kalima, e hahai ana i nā pua o ka nui o ka ungulates, ʻai ʻana i ka hiolo a luku i nā holoholona nāwaliwali. Ma nā kula, i kekahi manawa e ʻohi ai i ka ʻōpala.

ʻO ka "pīhoihoi" ʻo nā ʻīlio hihiu āpau, hiki i ka coyote ke lele i ka 2 m 2-4 a lōʻihi a holo i ka wikiwiki o 40-50 km / h, ma nā manawa pōkole e hoʻomohala ana i nā wikiwiki o ka 65 km / h. Hiki iā ia ke hele i kahi mamao, ʻo ka ʻimi no ka awelika o 4 km i kēlā me kēia. Loaʻa paha ka coyote i nā ʻiʻo sensory ulu i waena o nā derine canine: ʻike ʻo ia i ka mamao a hiki i 200 m, like i ka pō a me ka pō. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka coyote ka 'nui i' aloʻulu 'ia ma waena o nā mammals ʻAmelika ʻĀpana: ʻo kāna puʻu nui ʻana ke ʻano nui o nā prairies.

ʻO nā ʻenemi maoli kūlohelohe a ʻo ia nō ka wili. I nā makahiki he iwakāluakūmāwalu, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o nā coyotes ke kanaka (ke kaū o ka luku ʻana i nā coyotes i nā makahiki 1950 a me ka 1970). ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Coyote i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻalopiko ulaula, kāna mea hoʻokūkū ʻai, ma kona wahi. I kekahi manawa hele nā ​​coyotes me nā ʻīlio home a me nā ʻīlio ulaula, a i kekahi manawa me nā ʻīlio hina. I ka hoʻopio ʻia, ua kūleʻa nō hoʻi mākou i ke neʻe ʻana i ka coyote me ka jackal ʻAmelika (ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole pili a nā wahi o ka coyote a me nā liko.

ʻO Habitat a me nā subspecies

Ke lawe ʻia nei ʻo Coyote mai Alaska ma ke ʻākau i Panama a me Guatemala ma ka hema. I ka wā o ka hau, noho nō hoʻi ʻo ia i ka Peka Hema o Eurasia, ʻehā a me Central Siberia (akā ma kēia mau ʻāina ua make ʻo ia i waho).

Aia he 20 subspecies o ka coyote (19 ola a me 1 pupule):

• C. l. cagottis: mexican coyote
• C. l. clepticus: hakeka San Pedro Martira (Kaleponi)
• C. l. dickeyi: salvador coyote
• C. l. kupa: hemahema coyote (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mussuri a me Arkansas)
• C. l. Goldmani: belize coyote
• C. l. hondurensis: honduran coyote
• C. l. impavidus: coyote Durango (Mexico)
• C. l. incolatus: ʻākau (Alaskan) coyote (Yukon, Alaska, ʻākau ʻākau Kanada, ʻākau o Alberta)
• C. l. jamesi: coyote mokupuni o tiburon
• C. l. latrans: hūneke haʻahaʻa (Nui Plains a Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan a New Mexico ma ka hema, a me Texas)
• C. l. neʻe: mauna (Kanada) coyote (British Columbia, Alberta, Utah a me Nevada)
• C. l. mearnsi: coyote o Mearnes (hema hema ʻo Colorado, ke ao hema a me hema hema o Utah, ma ka ʻĀkau o Mexico)
• C. l. microdon: coyote Rio Grande (hema ʻo Texas a me Mexico ʻĀkau)
• C. l. ochropus: Keīkini Kalepona ʻO Coyote (Kaleponi a me Sierra Nevada)
• C. l. peninsulae: Peninsular Coyote (Kaleponi)
• C. l. ʻokaʻa: kaila coyote plain (texas, north of new mexico, northeheast mexico)
• C. l. thamnos: hukiia hema (Saskatchewan, Ontario, Indiana a me Missouri)
• C. l. umpquensis: nā ʻaoʻao kai komohana (Washington a me Oregon)
• C. l. vigilis: ʻO Kupekole Colimian (Mexico)
• C. l. lepofagus (kahi i koe): Eurocian coyote (noho i ka Pleistocene ma ka Far East, East and Central Siberia)

• ʻO ka coyote hikina (Canis latrans x Canis lycaon) - kahi pua o ka coyote a me ka wolf hikina.
• ʻO Coyvol (Canis latrans x Canis lupus) kahi pua i ka coyote a me ka ʻīlio hina.
• ʻO nā coyotes (Canis latrans x Canis lupus familiaris) - kahi kīpī o kahi coyote a me kahi ʻīlio
• ʻO Koyotoshakal (Canis latrans x Canis aureus) - kahi pio i kau ʻia no ka coyote a me nā ʻīlio ʻAmelika.

Hoʻohana ʻia

ʻO Coyote kahi ʻohana Pliocene (preglacial) i kēiaʻano. I kēia palapala i ulu ʻia ma kahi o 2.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka kūpuna o ka coyote hou nei ʻo ka coyote a Johnston (Canis lepophagus), i puka mai ma waena o 10.8 a me 10.3 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua make ʻo hope loa ʻo ia ma kahi o 1.8 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ma kahi o 2.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kāna ʻano mamo, ʻo ka coyote hou, ka coyote a Johnston. Palapala inoa Latin Canis lepophagus Ua unuhi ʻia he "dog-eater of hares" (mai lat. lepus - "hare" a me phagus - "e ʻai ai").

E hoʻohewa ʻia e ke koena o ka fossil, ua like like nō ka coyote a Johnston me kona ʻano ʻōpiopio hou, akā ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kona ʻāpana nui a he nui iki ka nūhou. E like me ka hana hou ʻana o ka paleontologists, ʻo ke kumukūʻai maʻamau o ka Johnoy coyote ma kahi o 35-40 kg, aʻo ka paona o nā coyotes hou i 9 a 21 kg.

Ma ka wānana

I ka ʻōlelo a me nā hoʻomana no nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, he holoholona hemolele ka coyote, kahi mea hoʻowalewale me kahi kumu o ka akua. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ke akua Coyote kekahi o nā akua kiʻi o ka pantheon. Ma Navajo Coyote (Atshekhaske, First Svarlivets) ka Mea Hana, ke akua o ka lalo, me ke aloha, ka hula a me ke kaua, ka mea nāna i hana i nā kilokilo, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi kūlana kūleʻa ma ke koena o ka maikaʻi-hewa. ʻaoʻao hema, a me ka hewa - ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, kū ʻo Coyote ma ka puka, a hiki iā ia ke komo i loko o kahi ʻikahi mai ʻelua ʻaoʻao "- ʻo ia kekahi o ka moʻolelo Navajo. ʻO Crow Coyote ka mea nāna i haku a me nā akua nui loa.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana India, ka ʻuʻuku no ka coyote, he holoholona laʻa a totem hoʻi. Wahi a nā manaʻoʻiʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki i nā shamans ke hoʻopā wale i ka ʻili o kahi coyote make me ka make ole, e hōʻino ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe no kēlā ʻihi kuʻuna.

No ka nui o nā ʻohana, ʻo ka coyote ke poʻo mua loa i ka honua.

I ka moʻomeheu ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ke kiʻi o ke coyote kikoʻī i ke ao holoʻokoʻa e like me ka mua. ʻO Coyote, e like me ka moʻomeheu ʻAmelika maoli, ʻo ia ka mea mua i hana ʻia ma ka honua. ʻO ia wale nō kahi mea e ola a hiki i ka hopena o ke ao nei. Wahi a ka moʻolelo kahiko ʻAmelika Hema - "he coyote ka mea ola hope loa ma ka honua. Ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o ke bison, nalowale ke kanaka a ua ʻōloo nā honua i loko o ka pouli. A laila, aia i ka pōʻeleʻele, kāhea ka leo mau o ka coyote. "