ʻO ka manu kaulana a kaulana loa i waena o ka poʻe hahai ʻāpana hōʻike. He nui e ʻike iā ia mai kona wā kamaliʻi. ʻO kona mau hiʻohiʻona e like ia me ka moa moa home, a no nā ʻohana peke ʻeleʻele.

He ʻehā nā manu āpau o kēia mau ʻōiwi. Eia kekahi, i mea e ola ai, pono lākou e hele i nā ho'āʻo he nui i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. Nui nā hanana o nā partridges, kahi i kū like ai kekahi i kekahi i kā lākou ʻikepili waho a me ka ʻano.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi ʻāpana: Grey Partridge

E hoʻonui ka Partridge hina i ka Eurasia a lawe ʻia i ʻAmelika, kahi i kūleʻa ai ʻo ia i kahi aʻa. He 8 subspecies o kēia manu, kēlā me kēia mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻi, ka nui, a me ka hiki ke hānau hou. Wahi a nā kānakaʻepekema, ua hele mai ka mea hina hina mai kekahi mau ʻano manu manu prehistoric. Ua ʻimi ʻo Neanderthals iā lākou, e like me ka ʻike ʻia e nā hopena o nā ʻūkā he nui, noiʻi nui. Ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻāpana hina hina i hoʻokahi mau haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma ke kaona o Northern Mongolia, Transbaikalia, a mai ia manawa ʻaʻole i loli nui.

Wikiō: Kāleʻa Grey

Kahi ka ʻāpana hina hina i ka ʻohana pheasant, ke kauoha o ka moa. Maʻa ʻole ia e noho ai ma luna o nā kumulāʻau a no laila ʻike ʻia ia he manu ʻāina. ʻOiai ka lehulehu o nā poʻe e makemake e ʻoliʻoli iā ia, ʻo ka mana ikaika o nā kūlana o ka wā i ke ola ʻana o ka hua, ka hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi me ka lele ʻole ʻana i nā keʻokeʻo wela, ka nui o kona heluna nui a wikiwiki hou ma hope o kahi manawa maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ka moʻomeheu honua ʻaʻole i pale i kēia hina, manu lele inconspicuous. Kūpono i nā moʻomeheu Helene kahiko e pili ana i ka hana like ʻole o ka mea hoʻokalakupua o Daedalus i kona hoʻolei ʻana i kāna haumāna mai ka pali. Akā ua hoʻololi ʻo Athena i ke kanaka ʻōpio ia i kahi ʻāpana hina a ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hina. Wahi a nā moʻolelo he kumu kēia, ʻaʻole makemake ka partridges e lele kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka makemake e hoʻolilo i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa ma ka honua.

E kūʻē i kona poʻe ʻenemi ʻelua wale nō nā mea kaua: kahi kala motley e hiki ai iā ia ke nalowale i nā lau a me ka hiki ke holo wikiwiki, aia wale nō i nā hihia ulia pōpoki e hoʻoneʻe ai kahi neʻe hina. Hāʻawi i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe a me nā hiʻohiʻona meaʻai o kāna ʻiʻo, ka ʻahaʻohana, ua ulu maikaʻi ka manu i ka hoʻopio ʻana, akā naʻe me kahi meaʻai kūikawā.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Whakaahua: Koʻu manu hina ʻāpana

He mau hiʻohiʻona mau ke poʻo hina hina i mea e hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ai:

• liʻiliʻi kino kino mai 28 a 31 cm, nā wingpan 45-48 cm, paona mai 300 a 450 mau gramu,
• ka hiʻohiʻona ia e ka ʻūhā hina hina poʻohiwi me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke ʻano o nā kāmaʻa wāwae, ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me kahi nukele ʻeleʻele, kahi ulu maikaʻi o kahi hina hina me nā hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī o nā ʻāpana polū.
• ʻāʻeleʻele ka wāwae o kēia ʻano, he ʻulaʻula, ke ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo, aneane ka ʻalani. ʻAʻole like ke ʻano o ka ʻili o nā wahine i ka wā o nā kāne a ua liʻiliʻi lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi,
• ʻōpio ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā pōkole a me ka lima ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino, e nalo ana i ka wā e ulu ai nā manu.

ʻO ka hana nui o ke kala ʻano he camouflage. ʻO nā manu keu i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻomaka ana me ka hulu, a laila huli i kekahi a ʻoi loa i ka hopena o ka hopena. Ma muli o ka mānoanoa o ka plumage a me ka molging maʻamau, hiki i nā partridges ke noho i loko o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hau hau. ʻAʻole ka mahele nui o nā kānaka āpau e noho nei i ka helehelena i nā makahiki huakaʻi i nā wahi mahana, akā ke noho nei i ka hoʻoilo ma ko lākou noho mau ʻana. I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻ eli lākou i nā lua i ka hoʻoilo a hiki i ke 50 mau mika ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā manawa anuanu e ʻākoakoa ana i loko o nā hui holoʻokoʻa, e ʻoluʻolu ana i kekahi i kekahi.

Aia i hea ka noho o ka hina hina.

Kiʻi ʻāpana: Grey partridge ma Lūkia

ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāpana kūwaho hina-ʻokoʻa i nā wahi a pau ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao hema a ma waena o Rūsia, Altai, Siberia, a me nā ʻāina he nui ʻē aʻe o ka Europa, ʻo Kelemania, Pelekane, Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me ʻĀkau komohana. ʻO ka wahi kūlohelohe i manaʻo ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao hema o Western Siberia, Kazakhstan.

ʻO kāna wahi punahele:

• ululāʻau lāʻau, nā ʻulā, nā kolo nahele,
• Meadows me ka mauʻu ākea, ka nahele lōʻihi, ka wahi ākea me nā mokupuni o nā pua, nā lau,
• i kekahi mau mea, hoʻokipa paʻa ka ʻeleʻele hina i loko o nā wahi marshy, akā koho i nā mokupuni maloʻo me nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi.

No nā mea eʻoluʻolu loa, e pono ai iā ia ka nui a me ka hele mai i kahi nui o nā kumulāʻau, nā lau nahele kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hūnā, kūkulu i kahi pūnana, ʻo ia hoʻi e loaʻa nā meaʻai. Hoʻomoe pinepine ʻo Partridge i nā mahina me nā hua o nā oat, ka buckwheat, millet. Kōkua ia i ka mahiʻai ʻana ma o ka hopu ʻana i nā mea ʻino maikaʻi a me nā invertebrates e hoʻoweliweli aku nei i ka hua.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ke koho ʻana i kahi e noho ai, nā wahi hina hina ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele. Maanei, i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa lākou, hana lākou i nā nests, hoʻoulu i hua, ʻai, a ma ka huli ʻana, e noho mau nā pua i ulu i ka ʻāina like.

ʻĀnō ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka ʻeleʻele hina. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.

Pūnaewele wehewehe

ʻO nā partridges ka ʻohana pheasant, nā subfamilies o ke partridge a me nā kaahu ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka 22 mau genera, ma kēlā me kēia mai kahi 46 a subspecies. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka hoʻoliʻina o nā manu āpau, kahi ola hoʻonaninani, waihoʻoluʻu lahilahi, liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke kūleʻa o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

Ke alakaʻi nei nā Partridges i kahi nohona pae ʻāina, ka mea hānai i nā mea kanu meaʻai. ʻOi aku lākou makemake e hānai i ka ʻāina, e like me nā pheasants he nui. Hoʻopaʻa ikaika i ko lākou mau home i ka nahele o ka nui o nā lau a me nā kumulāʻau.

ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o ka ʻiʻo partridge i waena o nā mea hana manuahi e mālama nui ʻia kēia manu. Huli kaʻaʻi nā lio, nānā a puni, hoʻolohe a nānā aku i kahi nānā aku: aia nō kekahi pōʻino a puni. E like me ka hapa nui o ka pheasants, lele ka mea ʻaʻole i ka hapalua ikaika. Akā, maikaʻi loa ka holo ʻana.

He mau manu kēia manu manu i ke koho ʻana i hoa. I kēlā me kēia manawa ke hana o ka moena e loaʻa lākou i kā lāua pili a me ka nano. ʻO ka mana ʻē kēia o nā subspecies o Hawaiʻi

No ka hapanui o ke ola, e hoʻāʻo ana nā partridges i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻike. Hele mālie lākou me ka mālie. I ka hoʻoilo, hōʻiliʻili lākou i kahi mālama momona maikaʻi, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e haʻalele i kā lākou mau papa i nā hihia koʻikoʻi. Alakaʻi i kahi ʻano hana i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai i kekahi manawa pōkole, ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o ʻekolu hola i ka lā.

Nā kuʻuna a me nā home

Noho kēlā ʻano ʻaneʻane e like me ʻAmelika a pau i loko o kahi e mālie ai. ʻO kēia manu ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana māhā a me ke ala lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea kino i hū nāu, ua komo a hiki i loko o ke kai taiga, ʻike pinepine ʻo ia i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Karelia, a i kekahi manawa ka Pōʻī o ke Kaiʻula. Loaʻa pinepine ia ma nā kīpaha a me nā hua ʻai, hoʻopili ʻia me nā pali a me nā poli, i nā waikahe o nā kahawai, i nā māka a me nā nāhele lāʻau, i nā palahalaha. E makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi ākea ākea, a i ʻole he puʻu paha, me nā pulu i uhi ʻia me nā lāʻau lāʻau. E launa pū me kahi kanaka.

Hoʻoikaika a me ke ola maikaʻi

ʻO ka partridge he manu ʻāina a pilikino loa a noho ma luna o nā lāʻau. Hūlū ʻo ia a me ka ʻōpio i nā lau nahele ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau. Lawe ia i ka uē nui a me ka hoʻōho nui ʻana o nā ʻēheu i kahi pōpilikia wale, lele lele koke, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe o luna o ka ʻāina, ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻēheu lele me nā hoʻolālā pōkole. Lele nā ​​moa hihiu ma waena o nā wahi liʻiliʻi no ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi no ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi papa hānai hou. E holo maikaʻi ana ke aniani, ma ka manawa like ke kū pololei ana, e hoʻolalelale ana i kona ʻāʻī a kau i luna ke poʻo kiʻekiʻe, a ma ka manawa mālie, holo ia me kona hunched a nānā pono iā ia i ka hoʻopuni.

I ka nui o nā wahi, noho i ka manina hina hina i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e ʻohi ana i kekahi mau manawa pōkole i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.

Mai nā wahi me ka hau hau, inā i loaʻa ʻole ka meaʻai i ka ʻāina, neʻe nā wahi hina hina i ka hema. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka huakaʻi o nā pua hipa ʻeleʻele e hāʻule i ka hāʻule a kū i ke ao. Hele nā ​​hens wild i ka hema o Ukraine a me Ciscaucasia, ke kahakai o ka moana Caspian a me ʻĀsia Asia. Ke waiho nei kekahi o ka heluna i ka hoʻoilo.

I ka hoʻoilo, mālama mau ʻia nā pelahula i nā wahi me ka hau liʻiliʻi, me nā kumulāʻau a me nā kumu maloʻo o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, i nā waikahe wai o nā kahawai, ma nā puʻu ʻeleʻele a me nā mahi ʻai. I kēia manawa paʻakikī, hele nā ​​manu i loko o nā pūʻulu palupalu liʻiliʻi. I mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai, ʻ eli lākou i ka hau me ke kōkua o ko lākou mau poʻo a me ka beaks, e hoʻokūkū ana iā ia me ko lākou mau wāwae a me kekahi mau wā e ʻuwī ana i nā kaila a hiki i 50 cm ka lōʻihi. Inā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi nui nā lua, a laila moe ka pōkole i ka pō i nā "lehu" hoʻoilo ma waena o lākou. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana lākou i ka "lawelawe" ʻo nā ʻalā e kuke ana i ka hau ma ka kahiʻu. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka hares, hoʻokaʻawale kēia i nā ʻohana i kēia wahi.

Ma nā haʻalulu nui a me ka hoʻoilo, lilo nā partridges i ka makaʻu o ke kanaka a neʻe kokoke i ka hale. Maanei hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka ʻai a me ka malu mai ka makani anuanu.

Mālama nā kekana i nā pēpē mai ka mahina a hiki i ka pūnāwai, a i loko o Malaki wale nō - ʻApelila i ka wā o ka māla ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻelua.

Aneane nā manu make i kēlā me kēia lā, nui nā mammals, a me nā manu hānai manuahi makehewa i ka palaho hina. ʻO ka pōʻino nui i ka nui o kēia mau manu ua lilo ʻia nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. ʻO ka hau, kahi maloʻo koʻikoʻi, i ukali ʻia e nā kāʻei loloa o ke kauwela lōʻihi, e hoʻopau ai i nā partridges i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka pā. ʻO ke anuanu a me ka ua i ka wā o ka hatching o nā moa hiki ke alakaʻi i kā lākou make pau loa. ʻO ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā ala mahiʻai hou, i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mea kanu olakino a me nā pesticides, kahi i hoʻohuli ʻia ai nā pōpoki hina, i ka nui o nā cereals i hūnā ʻia i nā pā kūlohelohe, pili iki kēia mau mea āpau i ka nui o nā penina hina. Akā ma muli o kāna ka momona nui, hāpai koke kēia ʻano holoholona i nā helu ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi.

Hoʻopiʻi Partridge

E makemake ana nā Partridges i nā hua, nā ʻala, nā hua ʻai, nā ʻōpio, nā lau a me nā aʻa i meaʻai.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka meaʻai kanu āpau e lilo i ko lākou wahi nohona. Makemake lākou e ʻahaʻaina i nā mea make i nā manawa maʻamau. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai kēia mau manu i nā hua maloʻo, nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, a me nā koena o nā pua me nā hua.

ʻO ka hānai kai a me ka hānai

Loaʻa kēia ʻīlio hihiu i nā meaʻai a pau ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka honua a ʻeliʻoki i ka lepo, e like me nā hens home. ʻAi ʻia ka hina hina i ka meaʻai like ʻole - nā hua kanu o ka puaʻa a me ka cereal, nāhelehele, nā huaʻaʻa, nā huaʻina, nā lau, nā ʻāpana a me nā aʻa, a me nā holoholona invertebrate, a i ke kauwela. Hoʻokele nā ​​manu liʻiliʻi i nā mea hihiu i nā pule ʻelua ʻelua o ke ola. No ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pāʻina kūmole i ke kauwela, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi a hānai lōʻihi i nā kino wai, i kekahi manawa ma kahi mamao o 10-12 km mai kahi ākea o ka wai. I ka hoʻoilo, ua lilo ka mea i ka mea ʻai ma kahi o ka hau o ka hau.

Pahu a keiki

He momona nui kēia mau manu. I ka pūnāwai, loaʻa lākou i kā lākou hui a ʻano paha. ʻAʻole ia e like me ka pheasants, mālama ka male partridge i ka hua a mālama pono i ka wahine. I loko o ka nīnū, aia mai 9 a 25 mau huaʻai, incubated no 20-24 mau lā. A i ka manawa like, i ka lā, ua hānau ʻia nā moa.

Hoike

Ke ʻimi nei nā ʻohana hipa i nā wahi me nā meaʻai ʻono i nā hipa, a i ka wā e loaʻa ai lākou, hana lākou i ke ʻano "guk.kuk.kuk" e hoʻomanaʻo mau ana i ka ʻāʻī o nā moa. ʻO nā puʻupuʻu i kiaʻi ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i nā puʻu. I ka lele, makaʻu ka hens wilds i ka weliweli, chip.chip.kipipipip. " ʻO nā kāne, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā wahine, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui ka manaʻo nui, ka leo like me ka "chirr" a "chirric". ʻO ka hapa pinepine, na nā kāne i hoʻokuʻu i kēia koi, aia ma luna o kahi puʻu - ʻo ia kēlā mau hōʻailona kahi o ka wahi a me ka weliweli i ka hoa paio. ʻO nā kāne i ka wā hoʻoulu, e paʻa ana i kā lākou pūnaewele, e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i kahi kani kūhea, "ʻoiai nā wahine wahine i kēlā manawa ke kuʻi pinepine i ka" lua ". Ke kapa ʻia nā ʻikeke wahine a me nā kāne, ua kapa ʻia me ka quacking kūikawā, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka moa, akā me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka leo ma ka hopena o kēlā me kēia kani. He wahine, ʻāʻī i ka pūnana, hiki iā ia ke men menlyly.

Hānau a hānai i ka hua

Hoʻopili i kahi molting piha, kahi i hoʻopili pono ai nā hulu a pau i nā mea hou, ʻo ke kolamu hina ka mea o ka molō "pre-breeding" molt. Mākaukau nā partridges no ka male, hoʻololi i nā hulu kahiko i nā mea hou i ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. He monogamous ka ʻāpana kūweʻa. I ka hopena o Pepeluali, hoʻomaka lākou e paʻa. I ka mua, hōʻike nā wahine i ka hoʻolālā. Inā he ʻohana kaule ʻole i ka ʻohana mai ka wā i hāʻule ai, aia nā "wahine a ka wahine i ka makahiki i hala aku nei," laila hana hou lākou i kahi ʻaʻa a pāpū. A laila hoʻomaka nā wahine wahine e hōʻike i ka hana a, ke koho ʻana i kahi kāne, haʻalele i ka ʻohana. I ka hopena, ke waiho wale nei nā kāne, e waiho pū me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, me ka manaʻo e loaʻa ke kaikamahine. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻo nā kāne o ka hina hina, e like me ka mea maʻamau i nā moa, ʻoiai ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka lā i ke kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻomaka i ka uka ʻono i hiki i nā wahine. Hele pū nā poʻe kū'ē i ke kāhea, a laila hakakā ʻia nā hakakā ma waena o nā cavaliers ua wela. Ua koho pono ʻia nā wahine o nā manu i kekahi manawa a hoʻololi lākou i nā hoahana i kekahi mau manawa ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka koho hope loa. Hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka hana hulina, hele ʻo ia i ke kāne, e hāiʻi ana i kona ʻāʻī i mua a hana i nā neʻe like-nui o kona poʻo a me kona ʻāʻī. Ke kū nei ke kāne, e kū ana i luna me ke ala. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā ʻāpana kūloko me ka neʻe ʻana o ka manu, e kū kokoke ana i kekahi i kekahi, e ʻānai i nā ʻāʻī.

Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, loaʻa a ʻike paha nā wahine i ka lua o ka ʻāina ma waena o nā mauʻu ākea a me ka nui o ka mau nahele, a e laina i ka lua me ka mauʻu maloʻo. Hoʻomaka ka manu e waiho i ka hua i hoʻokahi malama ma hope o ka paipai ʻana. Mālama ka poʻe kāne i ke kīhāpai i ka wahi i mālama ʻia ai ka manawa holoʻokoʻa, a ma hope o ke ʻano o nā moa, he ʻano ikaika i ko lākou hānai ʻana.

I waena o nā manu Russian āpau, ʻo ka hapalulu hina ka mea koʻikoʻi. Hoʻomaka mai nā lā mua o ʻApelila, i ka wā hānau, mālama ka hānau ʻana i nā hua māmā 12-18 (i kekahi manawa he 28 mau huaʻehā i loko o kahi puʻu!). ʻO ka mua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hua ma hoʻokahi lā ma hope o kekahi lā. A laila e hoʻonui ka lā i kahi lā. A aia wale nō ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i ka huaʻī hope e hoʻomaka ai ka makuahine no ka hana kīnā ʻole ʻana no nā lā 25, a ʻaʻole ia e lawe e ʻike ke kū ke kanaka. ʻAʻole hele ʻo ia e hele no ka hānai no ka manawa pōkole. ʻAʻole haʻalele ke kāne i kāna wahine aloha, paʻa mau i ka pūnana a i kekahi manawa ke hoʻopili nei i ka wahine.

ʻIke pū ʻia nā pōkole pipi e ʻoki nei, i loko o hoʻokahi lā. I ka wā e maloʻo ai nā moa, alualu ka wahine iā lākou mai ka pūnana, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka pipi i ka nalo. Mai nā hola mua o ko lākou ola, hiki i nā moa ke holo, ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma e hoʻomaka ka holo liʻiliʻi ʻana, a ma hope oʻelua pule he hiki ke lele lākou i kahi mamao loa. I ka haʻalele ʻana o ka moa i ka nalo, komo koke ʻo ke kāne i ka brood, kōkua iā ia e alakaʻi i ka bro a hiki i nā moa ulu. ʻAʻole paha e wāwahi ka brood a hiki i ka wā ma hope. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, hui nā pipi i nā ʻohana hipa, a i kēia mau ʻohana hipa kaona a ʻala e hoʻopau ai i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ke kauwela e hiki mai ai, nui nā moa i ka moe.

Nā Palapala Pūnaewele

• ʻO ka plūage mua o nā manu ʻōpio he lei kala ʻono me kahi lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ke ʻano o kahi duck hihiu.
• ʻAʻole i haʻi ʻia ʻo Partridges i ka dimorphism moe kolohe. ʻO ia, ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me kā wahine. ʻO kaʻokoʻa wale nō ka wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka umauma kāne.
• ʻAʻole i emi iho ʻike kūmole partridge pili i ka hōʻailona o nā mokuʻāina.Mai ka makahiki 1995, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona mokuʻāina o US ka mokuʻāina o Alaska.
• Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ka mahana o ke kino maʻamau o kahi mokuahi he kanahakumālima mau degere Celsius, ʻoiai inā he kanahā-kanaha kūmole i ke alanui.
• ʻO kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo partridge i kumuhana o ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kēia mau manu, ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka nānā ʻana i ke kaumaha o nā manu ma nā polar polio, hiki ke wānana nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻomehana honua. Eia kekahi, me kā lākou kōkua e hiki ke wānana i ka pehea e hiki ai i kēia ke hoʻopō i nā mea ola ola, e komo pū me nā kānaka.

ʻO nā holoholona ma ka Zoo Maikaʻi

Ua mālama ʻia ka lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana kūlohelohe i Moscow Zoo. Hale iki kēia mau manu i ka hoʻopio ʻana a ʻaʻole i hana i nā pilikia ma ka mālama. Maikaʻi koke lākou i ke kanaka a hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau lima.
Loaʻa i nā partridges ka hui ʻana o ka hua palaoa, ka mea hoʻohui pū, keʻa kīkē, a i kekahi manawa he nui nā mea kanu. I ke kauwela, waiho ʻia i ka mauʻu a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala i loko o ka hoʻopuni.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā paukū ʻeleʻele ma ka Moscow Zoo i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o "Fauna o Rūsia", kahi lākou e noho ai i ka aviary me nā pheasants maʻamau a me nā paseriki liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou kamaʻāina, ʻaʻohe ka palu hina i ka ʻike, ʻoiai ka hares, ka neʻe ʻana i ka aviary, hana i ka hopohopo, a ʻaʻole nā ​​manu i hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka i nā moa.

Hoʻaiho

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻāpana me ka plumage keʻokeʻo he manu maloʻo maloʻo, kahi i hiʻohiʻona ʻia e ka nui o ka ua a me ka lōʻihi o ka ua. No ia, ua manaʻo ʻia ka home o nā kūlima, tundra a me nā wahi kai-tundra. Makemake ʻo ia e hoʻolilo i nā pahū, kahi nui ka nui o ka peat a me ka moss.

Noho ʻo Ptarmigan ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Eurasia a me Greenland. Hiki nō ke loaʻa ma nā ʻāpana o Scotland a me ʻEnelani. Aia no ke ʻano o Lūkia, eia ʻo ia e noho ana iā Sakhalin a me Kamchatka.

Kahi helu

ʻO Ptarmigan kekahi o nā manu ʻĀkau loa i kona ʻohana. Noho ʻo ia ma kahi e noho wela ai nā hoahānau ona. ʻAʻole ʻo ia wale nō. E hoʻomaka, me ke kāula i kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo, nona nā ʻohana pheasant a me ke ʻano o ka moa. I ka manawa e komo ai i nā ʻano ʻeono, akā i kēia lā ʻekolu wale nō: ʻoi ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻāpana kūpeʻe keʻokeʻo.

Noho lākou a pau i ka ʻāpana ʻākau o ka Honua a hiki iā lākou ke ʻae i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻē aʻe nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe me nā ʻalopihi lōʻihi, a me nā hulu ʻalala a me nā hulu ʻalopona e uhi ana i ko lākou mau wāwae.

ʻO Ptarmigan i loko o kahi ʻokoʻa ma kahi keʻokeʻo. Noho ia i ka palena tundra a me nā kāʻei o ka alpine o nā Cordillera, Pyrenees, Alps, nā mauna Skandinavia, Iapana a me Altai nā kahawai. ʻAi loa ke keʻokeʻo ona keʻokeʻo, akā no ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma luna o ka beak a a me ka huelo. Hoʻohālikelike ka plumage kauwela ma nā kahakai o nā pōhaku i ka wahi i noho ai ka manu.

ʻO ka ʻāpana hulu keʻokeʻo ka lālā liʻiliʻi o ka hanana. He mea maʻamau ia ma ʻAmelika Hema a loaʻa i Central Alaska, nā kuahiwi o British Columbia, Wakinekona, Wyoming a me Montana. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o ka manu, ʻaʻohe nā ʻōmole ʻeleʻele ma ka huelo; i ke kauwela, he mau ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula ʻāmaʻomaʻo o nā kāne a me nā wahine ma luna o ke poʻo.

Nā ʻāpana ʻano

Hoʻokomo wale kēia ʻohana i nā ʻano 5 wale nō:

1. ʻO Partridge Daurian (ʻumiʻumi). Noho kēia ʻano noho ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, inā paha - ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia, ma Altai, ma Mongolia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Tibet a me Kina. Hapa ka nui o kēia mau manu, a ʻo ke kaumaha o nā pākeke ma kahi o 350-400 g. ʻO ka ʻalani o ka hulu i ka hina me ka brown. Ma ke kua he papa kahawai, ʻike nui ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa o kēia manu i ka hulu (paʻu i ka pā) e ulu ana ma luna o kona māhu. E makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā wahi ākea ma nā awāwa o nā hale noho, a ma nā ʻaoʻao papa, a ma nā uka o nā kuahiwi. Ua lele iki ʻo ia (no ka lōʻihi mamao), nā nīnū ma luna o ka ʻāina, a no laila, ʻaʻole hūnā i nā lāʻau a mau lāʻau lāʻau paha.
2. ʻUlaʻula nui ʻo Partridge. Noho kēia holoholona noho wale ma Sepania a me Pokukala.
3. ʻO Tibridge kahi ʻo Tibetan. Noho ia ma nā mauna o Tibet, a me Pakistan a me Nepal. Maʻa ke kala o ka ʻāpana hāpana liʻiliʻi, ma ka umauma ke keʻokeʻo, a ma luna o nā ʻēheu e ʻōiwi ʻia. Noho ana ia kiʻekiʻe ma nā kuahiwi, nona nā honu i waena o ka ulu lāʻau e ulu ana ma nā kuahiwi.
4. Ke keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO kona ʻokoʻa nui mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he loli piha loa i ke kala o ka plumage ma hope o kahi manawa molting. Hōʻailona: ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Nui Pelekane, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, kahakai kahakai o ka moana Baltic. Noho kēia manu ma ka tundra, ulu-tundra a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano lāʻau ʻili. Ma hope o ke kō ʻana o ka wai, lilo i kala ʻia ke kala o ke ʻano o kēia mau manu. A i ka hoʻoilo, ke kala o nā hulu ma hope o ka molting, keʻokeʻo.
5. ʻO ka ʻōpū mauʻu hina (a i ʻole steppe) ka nui o nā subspecies o ka partridge. Ma waho e like me nā moa moa, he liʻiliʻi ka nui. Habitat - kokoke kokoke i kahi āpau o Europa a me Asia.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā partridges

Nani ka nui o ke kino o ka partridge i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i mua o ka manu. Ma ka maʻamau o kēia manu e noho nei i waena o nā mauʻu ākea a i ʻole nā ​​mea ulu. Mai kahi mamao, ʻōleʻa ke kala ʻulaʻulaʻula, nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻole. Mahalo i kēia, ua hoʻohui pū ia me nā pae e puni a lilo i ʻike ʻole. Akā ma kahi mamao e ʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o ka laulā o ka plumage o ka manu.

ʻAʻole lele maikaʻi nā partridges, a hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola āpau ma ka ʻāina - i nā wahi āpau e neʻe aku ai me ka naʻau ma ko lākou mau wāwae liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻolōʻihi nei nā partridges i ka pō ma luna o ka ʻāina, ka uhi ma nā wahi neʻe - i ka mauʻu a i nā mea puaʻe.

ʻO kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi e luhi wale, hiki ke lele liʻiliʻi wale. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ka mea i kēia no ka pōʻino a i ka huli ana i ka meaʻai. Hōʻalo i ke kāhea, hoʻomāheʻe i ka uwē nui ʻana, lele pōkole a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe i luna o ka ʻāina, e palaka ʻana i kona mau ʻēheu, ua nui ka hoʻolālā ʻana ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻāina. I ka lele ʻana o ka lele ʻana i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā hulu ʻōpū e hōʻike ʻia ana.

Hiki i ka Partridge ke hana i nā leo like me ka smacking a me ka hoʻowalewale (me ka hoʻonui o ka "leo" ma ka hopena). Me ka hauʻoli, nā kāne a me nā wahine i hoʻomaka i kāna mau wahine, ʻoi aku ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā moa.

Me kaʻohana ʻohana

ʻO nā subspecies ʻāpana maʻamau ʻo ia ka ʻāpana hina. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ia a me ke kaumaha o ke kino. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 35 cm, a ʻo ka nui o ke kāne pākeke hiki ke hele i 380-540 g. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi wahine liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka 320-510 g. ʻOkoʻoi aku ka nui o nā partridges e noho ana ma ka hikina ma mua o nā ʻohana e noho ana ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ke kaupaona nei ka nui o kēia mau manu i ka wā hoʻoilo, i kēia manawa mālama ʻia nā mea mālama i loko o ko lākou kino ma mua o ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo.

Hiki i ke kanikau ke ana hiki i 50 cm. Aia nā ʻēheu i liʻiliʻi ka nui (e pili ana i 16 cm), ua kuʻi kona ʻano. ʻO ka mākeke ka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 8 cm. Aia nā wāwae he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, ikaika a ikaika, ʻaʻohe plumage ma luna o lākou. ʻAʻohe kukuna a me nā spurs. Uhi nui - 3.8 cm.

Kūpono

ʻAkuhi ke kala o nā hulu o kēia ʻāpana me kahi ʻāpana hina. ʻAʻohe hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki nā ʻano kukui i ka plumage o kēia manu: ʻike wale ʻia nā hulu o kahi waihoʻoluʻu i ke kua, hiki i ka piu ma loko o ke kua. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo i ka nui, a ma ka piko o ka hulu i hoʻohuihui ʻia me nā leo-ʻulaʻulaʻula, me nā kiʻi brown a me nā kīkī liʻiliʻi o kahi pale kukui. Ke kala o ka maka o ka lae, ka papalina a me ka ʻāpana ʻāʻī o ke kua pōkole. He hina ke kua a ke kua a me ka umauma i nā kala, me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā kīkoki. ʻO ka ʻōpū he māmā, he lei hina, ka mea i kūpaʻa ʻia i ke ʻano o nā holo lio, ka mea i ulana i ka brown, i kaha i ka protrudes. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā nui o nā kala kala. ʻO ka huluhulu huluhulu i loko o kahi huelo kahi mea'āpana ʻulaʻula, i paʻi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke keʻokeʻo. Kani ʻia ka beak liʻiliʻi ma ka hope i ʻōnaʻu melemele, hina ke ailima me nā lau melemele.

I nā wahine, ʻaʻole iki ke kala ma mua o nā kāne. Ma ke poʻo, ʻo ka kala o ka plumage he mea lahilahi, ʻulaʻula. A ʻaʻole i hōʻike maopopo ʻia ka wahi i loko o ke ʻano o nā kāmaʻa lio ma ka ʻōpū.

ʻElua mau manawa molting i kēia mau manu.

I ka molt mua i loko o nā ʻāpana o ka pahu a mea paha, ua hoʻololi iki nā hulu - i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Holo ka molt mai ke kakahiaka mai a hiki i ka waena o Iune. ʻO nā wahine wahine i hala mua ʻia - mai nā makahiki mua o Malaki a hiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila hope loa o ʻApelila, ua kapa ʻia ko lākou loli i nā hulu manuahi. Huli ka hoʻololi o nā hulu manu ma ke poʻo, nā poʻohiwi a me ka umauma luna.

ʻO ka molt piha i ka ʻāpana helramu e hoʻopili i ka hoʻololi pono ʻana o ka hulu. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā ʻano ma hope o ke ʻano o nā kao - tentfully mai ka waena o Iulai. ʻO ka molting piha ka lōʻihi o ke kala - ʻo ka plumage o ka partridge e loli wale nō i ka waena waena o ʻOkakopa.

Hiki ke ʻike i kēia mau manu i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa a me Asia. Noho lākou i waena o kahi deforestation, i loko o nā lāʻau, nāhelehele, ma ka palena o nāʻaoʻao i nā alahele ala. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia kahi laʻa.

ʻAʻole kēlā manu e noho i nā ʻano lepo. ʻAʻole kūpono nā lepo lepo lepo. No kā lākou nohona maʻamau, ke one a me ke kāla ʻeleʻele ka mea e hele maikaʻi ʻana i ka lepo nā mea kūpono loa no nā partridges hina. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻonihula hina i nā mauna - ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1900 m i nā wahi pāʻai.

ʻO nā ʻano o ke ola

ʻO kēia mau manu ua kapa ʻia nā ʻōhua terrestrial. I ke kauwela, makemake lākou e hiamoe ma nā lālā laʻa o ka hakahaka haʻahaʻa a i nā lau nahele paha. I ka hoʻoilo, pono lākou e hiamoe ma ka ʻāina. Ua hele pinepine nā mau kaʻa i ka ʻākau.

Aia kekahi mau kumu no kēia:

• ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻohana.
• anuanu ka hoʻoilo
• ʻaʻole lawa
• ma kā lākou wahi, e kūkulu kahi kanaka i kēlā mau wahi a kahi e noho ai nā partridges.

ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu i ka ʻohana ma mua o 20. I ka manawa moe, e noho kaʻawale nā ​​kāne. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻohana ma ka ʻohana o hoʻokahi brood kauwela. ʻAʻole kūʻē nā lālā o ka ʻeke i kekahi i kekahi. I ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi neʻe ka ʻohana i ka hānai, i ka manawa wela, ʻimi nā manu i ka malu mai ka lā i ka nahele nui a i ʻole ma ka pua. No ka pō, ua neʻe nā neʻe i nā pō i ke pō. ʻOiai e hānai ana ka ʻōpala o nā ʻohana, he mau manu e mālama nui.

Inā hoʻokaʻawale ka lua i ko lākou ʻāina, a laila ʻuluʻulu lākou i loko o nā ʻohana nui, a ma kahi o 90-98 paha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻāpana i loko o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o nā hale waihona; no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke lele i nā wahi e mālama ʻia nā holoholona o ka hale.

Ke ʻano kai

Mālama ʻia ka papa ʻaina partridge e nā cereals a me nā hua weed. ʻO ka hapa nui, makemake kēia mau manu e hānai i ka millet a hoʻolake paha. Mai ka wā o ka hānau ʻana i hoʻokahi mahina, ua ʻai nā ʻāpana partridge i ka ʻai o nā holoholona - nā pepeke, nā ʻōpala, a me nā ʻōpala. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ua loli ka ulu ʻōpio i nā mea kanu mea kanu, nā lāʻau palalāʻau, nā ʻōpala, nā hua lāʻau ulu, nā palaoa, ka mea o ka rye. No ka hoʻoemi i ka meaʻai, pono e hōʻilii kēia mau kānaka i nā pebbles liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke one ʻilo.

I ka hoʻoilo, heʻuʻuʻuku ka ʻai. Uhai lākou i ka hau ma ka huli ʻana i ka mauʻu maloʻo, a neʻe hoʻi a pili i nā noho ʻana o ke kanaka, kahi e hoʻokele ai lākou i ka nui o ka ʻai.

ʻAi male

Hoʻomaka ka wā moe ma ka mahina waena o ʻApelila. I kēia wā hana, hoʻopau i ka ʻohana i loko o nā pakanā, kahi e ʻili pu ai i nā ʻuʻuku ma ka ʻāina, kahi i waiho ai ka hua.

Hoʻohana ka ʻōpala i nā indentations i ka ʻāina, i uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu haehae, nā lau a me nā hulu o nā wahine.

Ke hana ʻia nei ka hana moe ʻana mai ka makahiki mua o ʻApelila a mua o Iune. ʻO ka maʻamau ke kau iā Mei, 7-24 oval testicles, ka ʻili o kahi o ka beige ke kala me ka ʻoliva ʻōpiopio, ua kāohi pono i loko o nā nests. Hoʻokomo ʻo Males i ke ʻano ikaika i ka hatching chick. ʻO ka manawa no ka hatching ʻana i nā ʻāpana pōkole he 21-25 mau lā. Hoʻokomo koke ʻia nā keikikāne i kahi hana ola. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo ia e holo. Aʻelua mau hola ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā keikikāne hou, haʻalele ka ʻohana i ka nalo. Ma kahi hebedoma i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe moa i waho mai ka lepo, a ma ka lā 14 ua lele lele maikaʻi nā ʻōpio āpau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona Partridge a me nā wahi noho

ʻO kekahi o nā luna o kēia ʻano ʻano ʻāpana hōʻike. Ua kaulana ia no na kamaaina o ka Papa Hemolele. Loaʻa kēia manu i ka dimorphism.

ʻO kahi kūlana kēia o kahi mea ola kahi e hoʻololi ai i kona helehelena, ma muli o ke kaiapuni a me nā kūlana o ke anā. Ke hoʻololi mau nei ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo i kona plumage a lilo ia i ʻike maʻamau ʻole i ka maka kanaka kamaʻilio.

ʻAi male male ke kāne

Ua liʻiliʻi ʻo ia i ka nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻaoʻao waena ma kahi o 38 cm. kona paona ua hōʻea iā 700 gram. I ke kau hoʻoilo, aneane ke keʻokeʻo o kēia manu, kahi e waiho ia me ka piha ʻole.

Hiki wale ke kiʻi i nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma kona hulu hulu. Hōʻulu māmā loli ʻia. Loaʻa e ka hulu ona ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula.

Eia kekahi, aia nā hihia i kahi kala ākea o kēia mau manu i ka plumage a i ʻole nā ​​melemele i uhi wale ʻia ma luna. Akā ke waiho mau nei ka mea nui. Kiʻi ʻāpana he hōʻoia ia o kēia.

ʻOkoʻa loa ka ʻokoʻa wahine i kahi kāne. ʻO ka maʻamau ka liʻiliʻi o kona nui, a hoʻololi i kona kala i mua iki. ʻO ka wahine hoʻohele hoʻoilo he mau kukui kaila ma mua o ke kāne, no laila, ʻaʻole e paʻakikī i nā mea lawaiʻa e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea i mua o lākou.

I ka hoʻoilo, he nani nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Piʻi kona lauoho, a hele aku nā hulu lōʻihi ma ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻonani wale i ka manu, akā ua hoʻopakele iā ia mai nā frosts koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole maʻalahi loa ia no nā mea hune a me nā holoholona hihiu nui e makemake nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻāpanaahi e loaʻa ia ma ka hoʻoilo. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi manawa kūpono no ke manu e ola.

Ulu ka hulu manu i ka lihi ʻana o kēia manu, nāna ia e hoʻopakele iā ʻoe mai ka puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, ulu nā claws ma luna o kāna mau manamana wāwae ʻehā, e kōkua ana i ka manu e kū pololei i ka hau, a hāmi pū kekahi puʻu i loko ona.

I ke kiʻi i kahi koleka keʻokeʻo

Kālaiʻihi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO kona lōʻihi maʻamau he 25-35 cm, a ʻo ke paona mai 300 a 500 gram. Ke kūlike loa ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia manu ma muli o kona ʻano hina.

Akā, ʻaʻole hina kahi manu āpau; a ʻo kona ʻōpū ke keʻokeʻo. ʻIke ʻia ka wāwae hau ʻula e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻōpū o kēia manu. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia kēlā mau kapa lio i nā kāne a me nā wahine.

Ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka male wahine i ka male. Aia hoʻi kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o nā kāmaʻa i luna o kona ʻōpū ma ke ʻōpio ʻana. ʻIke ʻia ia i ka wā i komo ai ka partridge i nā makahiki hānau.

Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi wahine mai kahi kāne hina ʻoka o ke aniani o ka hulu ʻulaʻula ma kahi ʻāpana o ka huelo. ʻO nā ʻelele o ka wahine ikaika o nā partridges, ʻaʻohe o kēlā mau hulu. ʻO ke poʻo o nā kāne like i ʻole he kala kala ʻula. ʻO ke kino holoʻokoʻa o kēia mau manu e like me ka uhi ʻia o nā wahi pōʻele.

I ke kiʻi he ʻāpana hina

ʻAʻole lōʻihi nā ʻēheu o nā ʻāpana partridge a pōkole; Kūkū ʻia nā wāwae i ka hulu i loko o kēlā mau kuʻuna o kēia ʻano manu o ka manu e noho ana ma nā ʻāpana. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe hemahema i kēia pale.

ʻO nā neʻe a pau ʻoluʻolu loa e wehe i ka lewa. Makemake lākou i ka nahele-steppe, tundra, wao nahele a me ka semi-wao nahele, nā mauna waena a me nā ʻāpana alpine. Ma nā ʻīpuka ʻākau ʻāpana manu ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā kau wahi kokoke.

Basically, nā partridges āpau e alakaʻi i kahi ala maʻalahi. Kālaiʻihi hoʻokahi manu kēia. ʻO nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo wale paha i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i hoʻoilo iki i ka hema, a lele nā ​​mea hina mai Siberia a Kazakhstan.

ʻO ʻAsia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, Greenland, New Lands, Mongolia, Tibet, nā Caucasus kahi punahele punahele o nā ʻano āpau. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ka USA a me Kanada.

I loko o ke kiʻi o kahi ʻāpana pōhaku

ʻAi ʻai

Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā meaʻai ʻo Partridge i nā meaʻai kanu. ʻOi aku lākou i nā hua kanu o nā palala, nā hua kanu kanu, e like me nā hua hua, nā ʻōpala o nā kumulāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau, me nā lau a me nā aʻa.

He mea hiki ke ʻai ʻia kēia mau manu i nā mea hihiu. Loaʻa ia nā meaʻai mai ke ʻano o nā partridges i ke kauwela.I ka hoʻoilo, heʻuʻuʻuku lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. ʻO nā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, nā hua maloʻo a me nā koena o nā pua me nā hua a lākou e mālama ai. Hele ia akā, ʻaʻole anuanu, make kēia mau manu i ka wī i ka hoʻoilo.

Huli a me ke ola o ke ola

He waiwai nui nā partridges. Hiki iā lākou ke kau i nā hua he 25. Hāliki nā hua ʻai no 25 lā. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, lawe ke kāne i nā mea ikaika. He mau makua mālama maikaʻi nā Partridges. Hānau ʻia nā pākeke liʻiliʻi a kūʻokoʻa.

Ma ka nana ana i ka ike o kela hune puʻuwai ʻaʻole nā ​​mea hahai wale nō, akā na nā holoholona hihiu hoʻi, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe loa ka ola o ko lākou ola. Noho lākou i ka maʻamau ma kahi o 4 mau makahiki.

Nui nā poʻe e hoʻokau nei a hoʻāʻo e hana home home. ʻAʻole hewa ia iā lākou. No ka māhina partridge ʻAʻole pono ia i nā koina nui, i ke kālā a me ke kino.

I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka ʻoka a me nā hua moa

Kōkeo kū kūʻai i kahi'āpana ae hana iā ia i nā mea a pau nāna e hāʻawi ai i hua maikaʻi. E pili ana pehea e hopu ai i kahi'āpana kakaikahi ke ʻike me ka pū ʻole, ʻoiai he mau mea hiki nō. Hiki ke lana ʻia a hopu ʻia me ke kōkua o nā ʻupena, kahi hue wai, nāhelehele a me nā kīʻaha. He maikaʻi kēia mau ʻano āpau inā hoʻokokoke pololei ʻia lākou.

He aha nā mea hina ulaula?

Kuhi: Grey partridge ma ke ʻano

Hoʻohana nui ka poʻe pākeke i kēia mau mea kanu i nā mea kanu mea kanu: mauʻu, nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, i kekahi manawa hoʻonui lākou i ka meaʻai me ka liʻiliʻi o nā meaʻai holoholona. Hānau iki ʻia nā hua i nā mea make, nā nalo, nā ʻano aniani a me nā milo; i ka wā e ulu ana, hoʻololi lākou i ka ʻai maʻamau no nā pākeke.

Loaʻa i nā hua manu manu a pau ma ka lepo. I ka hoʻoilo, he ʻilihune loa ka meaʻai, pono nā ʻāpana o nā partridges i ka hoʻoilo me kā lākou mau wāwae ikaika e hele ai i ka mauʻu a me kāna mau hua. I kēia, kōkua pinepine nā hare i nā kala iā lākou. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka ʻai i ka hoʻoilo ma luna o nā māla mahiʻai, ke hoʻolako ʻia ʻaʻole nunui ka nui o ka hau.

Ma nā wahi maloʻo paʻakikī, ka mea e hele mai ma hope o ke kauwela nui a hāʻule i ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi, hoʻokokoke lākou i nā wahi e noho ai ka poʻe, lele i ka poʻe kīhāpai o nā holoholona holoholona i ke ʻimi i nā ʻōpala, kahi hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa me nā kīlohi o nā mea kanu. I ka pūnāwai, ua pau nā hapa ʻona o nā mea kanu i hui pū ʻia me nā iniseti. Hoʻomaʻi koke nā kānaka ma hope o kahi hoʻoilo pōloli a mākaukau e ʻō a ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela.

No kahi home hina hina home, ʻaʻole pono i nā meaola hānai maʻamau. Pono pono ke lawe iā ia i kahi kokoke i ka meaʻai maoli, inā ʻaʻole i ko lākou make, hiki ʻole ke waiho i ka hua a me ka huaʻū hua.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kiʻi ʻāpana: Grey Partridge

Manaʻo ia ʻo Partridge hina ka manu ma mua. Hiki iā ia ke holo wikiwiki a manu ʻole ma ka mālama manu ma waena o nā lau nui, ma waena o nā kumulāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. Lawe aku ia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i kahi pōʻino koʻikoʻi a lele nui i kona mau ʻēheu, lele ka lōʻihi ma lalo o ka ʻāina, a laila he ʻāina hou, hoʻopunipuni kahi mea kolohe. I kekahi manawa hiki ke lele i nā wahi pōkole i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a i ka manawa like ʻaʻole ia e hele i ka palena o ka ʻāina kaona, akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i nā mokulele ākea-hiki iā lākou ke hana.

I ka holo ʻana, e kū pololei ana ka moa hihiu, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ana i kona poʻo kiʻekiʻe, a ma ka hele mau ʻana e neʻe iki ana i kahi hunched iki aʻe, e nānā ana i ka puni me ka nānā nui. He manu nani a mālie kēia lā, ʻaʻole hiki ke lohe ʻoe i kona leo. Inā wale i ka wā o ke pāʻani pāʻani ʻana a i ʻole hoʻi i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻole ʻia, i ka wā hoʻokani leo nui lākou, e like me ka hoʻohewa ʻana.

I loko o ke ao, hānai ka mea hānai ma ka partridges i nā hola 2-3 wale nō, ke koena o ka manawa a lākou e hūnā ai i nā mākeke o ka mauʻu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā manu a hele i ko lākou āpau āpau. ʻO ke mau o ka hana mau loa e heleleʻi ai i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, i ka pō - i ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai.

Mea ʻoiai: ʻo nā wahi me nā hau hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hina ke aniani i ka hema, no ka mea hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka ʻai i ka ʻai ma lalo o kahi māla o ka hau. I nā koina e noho ai, noho mau nā kaona hihiu i ka hoʻoilo ʻana a ma loko o ko lākou mau ola e lawe wale i nā mokulele lihilahi ma kahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Whakaahua: Koʻu manu hina ʻāpana

ʻO kēia ʻano kolikola he monogamen. Hoʻomau pinepine nā paila ma waena o nā heihei hihiu i ke ola. ʻO nā mākua ʻelua ka mea like me ka hānai a me ka mālama i nā hua. Mālama wau i nā hens hihiu i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka hoʻomaka o Mei mai 15 a 25 i ka manawa. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻuala nui ʻo ka palaka ma ka ʻāina, e hūnā ana iā lākou i ka mauʻu, ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. I ka wā hoʻolelima, e noho ana ma kahi o 23 mau lā, e waiho wale ana ka wahine i ka masonry no ka hānai ʻana, i kona wā haʻalele ʻole ke kāne e kokoke ana i kahi nalo a mālama pono ʻo ia i ke kūlana a puni.

Ke hele mai kahi mea kuhihewa paha a i ʻole kahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka manaʻo āpau iā lākou iho, me ka neʻe iki aku i ka masonry, a laila, me ka pau ʻole o kahi hoʻoweliweli, hoʻi lākou. Make pinepine nā kino i kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea kā lākou iho no ka palekana o kā lākou mau moa. ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki o ka hua, i kahi makahiki nui, hiki ke make i ka manawa āpau i ka manawa like, no ka mea aia ma nā wahi nalo. Hoʻokele ʻo Offspring i kahi like i ka manawa like a me ka manawa maoli e neʻe no kā lākou mau mākua ma ke kula o ko lākou wahi e noho ai ma kahi mamao o nā haneli. Loaʻa i nā huaʻai ka plumage, ʻike a lohe pono, a aʻo koke.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: Ma kahi hebedoma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā moa partridge ua hiki ke haʻalele, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mau pule ua mākaukau lākou no nā huakaʻi lōʻihi me ko lākou mau mākua.

He mau manu nāhele ʻeleʻele nā ​​kamaʻilio kūlohelohe. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, noho lākou i nā ʻeke o 25-30 kanaka; ma nā ʻāpana komohana, he hapalua nā ʻohana i ka nui o nā manu. Inā make kekahi o nā mākua, e mālama pono ka lua i ka hua, me ka make o ka ʻelua, e hoʻomau nā pipi i ka mālama o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o nā partridges e noho kokoke ana. Ma ka ulu ʻana o ka moʻo ikaika, ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā hui ʻiliʻili a hui pū ʻia i loko o nā lua liʻiliʻi o ka ʻilo, me ka maʻalahi o ka paʻu ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau ua lūlū hou ʻia i ko lākou wahi nā wahi.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā partridges

Kiʻi kiʻi: kekahi mau palekele hina hina

He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe mau grezel ne:

• mea nā pipi, nā gyrfalcons, nā ʻūhā a me nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻai, ʻo nā ʻūlio ke hiki ke make i nā kūmaha.
• nā pōkiʻi, nā alopeke, nā ʻalopule a me nā mea noho ʻē aʻe o ka ulu lāʻau a me nā māla.

Ma muli o ke ʻano nui o nā ʻenemi, e noho ana kahi partridge liʻiliʻi i nā makahiki 4, ʻoiai inā ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, hiki i nā poʻe he nui ke ola a hiki i 10 mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe ʻo ia e hana e pale i nā mea wīwī, koe wale nō no nā kala camouflage. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hina hina Partridge hina. ʻO ia ke kumu a mālama a mālama pono ʻia ka wahine a me ke kāne. Mahalo wale ia i ka nui o ka fecundity a me ka wikiwiki o ka hana hou ʻana o nā moa, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka nui o ka moa hihiu me ka hoʻopau ʻana.

Ma kahi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻo ka nui o ka nalowale o ka ʻāpana partridge e hele mai nō hoʻi mai ka hoʻohana ikaika ʻana i nā mea pesticides manuʻai. Inā pili ka ʻohana i ka pili o ke kauka, a laila hiki i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio ke kipa iā lākou e loaʻa kālā hou mai nā poʻe ʻōpio. Nā leheleʻaleʻa ʻo ka leʻaleʻa, hāwau maʻalahi i nā niona a hoʻōla hou iā lākou iho me nā hua. ʻO ke kumu hoʻi o ka hau a me ka hoʻoilo no ka mea ʻoi ke kumu o ka make o ka lehulehu helu partridges. I loko o kēia manawa, palupalu nāwaliwali ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hānai a lilo i mea pio no ka poʻe predator.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kuhi: Grey partridge i ka hoʻoilo

ʻAʻole i ka ʻāpana hina hina i ka Red Book o Lūkia, i kahi kūʻokoʻa i kona kahele ʻāpana keʻokeʻo, kahi i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e pau. Ke paʻa nei ke kūlana o kēia ʻano ma muli o ka fecundity kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola o ka hua.

Ua hala nā makahiki he hala mai nā makahiki he ʻumikūmālua, hoʻomaka ka heluna o kona lehulehu ma nā wahi āpau. Eia kekahi, paʻapū ka nui o nā kūlanakauhale e noho nei i nā hilahila o nā kekona hina, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻīlio maʻamau a me ka hoʻoweliweli i kā lākou mamo. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ma ka Leningrad Region i kēia lā ʻaʻole ia he keu a keu aku nā kānaka, ma ka Moku o Moscow e liʻiliʻi iki aku. No kēia kumu, aia ke poʻo hina hina i ka Puke ʻaha o kēia mau wahi a me kekahi mau ʻē aʻe i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina.

Kākoʻo ʻo Ornithologists i ka heluna o nā partridges ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea i ulu mua ʻia i ka poʻe aviaries i loko o ka hale kūlohelohe. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hōʻoluʻolu lākou a laila, ma ke ʻano, hoʻohiki koke, hāʻawi i ka hua. Uaʻoi aku ka wānana ma mua o ka maikaʻi, e like me nā poʻe loea, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka heluna i nā wahi a pau ʻole a make ʻole ʻo ka ʻāpana hina. Ua mālama pono ka ʻano maoli i kēia ʻano, me ka uku me ka uku haʻahaʻa.

Kālaiʻihi, aka, he manu ia he manu ia, ua kekee ia me kanaka ma na tausani he nui na makahiki. He lei aloha nui no ia o ka poʻe lawaiʻa kahiko, a mai ia manawa ʻaʻole i loli kahi - ke ʻimi nei nō hoʻi lākou, ua ʻike ʻia kona ʻiʻo i ka momona a me ka hoʻōla ʻana. Maʻa maʻalahi ka humed, ulu i nā aviaries.

Pākana i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela

Hoʻololi kēia manu i kona kala i kekahi mau manawa i ka makahiki, akā no kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona ia mea he nani. I ka hoʻoilo, he keʻokeʻo ka palau me ka keʻokeʻo, akā maʻamau ka maʻamau o nā hulu waho o ka huelo. Ua hoihoi pono hoʻi kona mau wāwae iā ia. He huluhulu lākou a pālahalaha ʻia me ka hulu keʻokeʻo pōkole. Hoʻonohonoho kēia kala i ka hoʻohui me ke kaiapuni, e kōkua ana i ka manu ʻaʻole wale e hoʻopiʻi pono iā ia iho, akā e ola pū nō hoʻi i kēlā me kēia ʻano kūlohelohe paʻakikī.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka nā melemele a me nā melemele i ka plumage o ka partridge, a ulaula nā aniani. No laila, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ulu ka manu, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāpana o ke kino e waiho mau ai ka hau-keʻokeʻo. Me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka wela, e lilo ia i brown brown a brown paha. ʻO nā hulu wale, nā wāwae, a me nā ʻōpū hoʻi e hoʻomālamalama ʻia. Hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻololi i kona lei hoʻoilo ma mua o ke kāne. ʻOi ka māmā o ka plumage o kāna, no laila ua hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka manu mai kahi mamao.

Ke ola ʻana o nā manu

Ma nā wahi e noho ai ka partridge, nui nā hua kanu e ulu ana. Makemake lākou e noho i nā māla ʻokiʻoki, nā lāʻau ʻalā a liʻiliʻi loa a me nā kumulāʻau willow. Aia ia hiki i kēia mau manu ke loaʻa i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma ka honua.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā neʻe ʻana i ka lele ma kahi pōkole, a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i makaʻu ai lākou mai ka ʻaoʻao aku. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi ʻokoʻa i ke kānāwai hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka manawa hana lākou e holo ai i nā mokulele. Ke hoʻohuli ʻia nei ka hana o nā manu e hana pono no lākou. ʻAno ka plumage i kahi hiki ke hūnā a ʻike ʻole ʻia, A nā lima ikaika e hiki ai i ka holo koke mai ka ʻenemi.

I kahi e noho ai nā ʻano manu like manu, hiki iā ka hulu ke moe i kahi lōʻihi. Akā ʻaʻole hopohopo nā manu i ia mau ʻano paʻakikī, no ka mea ua hoʻohono maikaʻi ʻia lākou i ia ʻano. Ua maʻalahi lākou e hana i ka neʻe ʻana ma lalo o ka uhi hoʻoilo. Maanei ua ʻike nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai a huna paha mai nā mea hahai a me nā holoholona hihiu. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻokele lākou e hoʻopau i kahi kokoke i kahi lā holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka uhi hau.

ʻO ke kanaka e noho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema e alakaʻi ana i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. ʻO kēlā mau wahi noho i noho ma ka ʻāina o ka Timan me Kanin tundra e noho mau ana i ka hoʻoilo ma ka wahi. ʻO kēia mau wahi waiwai i nā wīwau.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Partridge he ʻohana manu nui. Ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā kānaka o ka hui i ka hoʻoilo a me nā helu mai 5 a 15 mau manu. I ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā huki, e hoʻonui ka helu ʻana i kēia helu. Paʻi manu nā manu inā hele mai ka manawa no ka moʻo a me nā keiki. ʻO nā mea e noho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau e lele kokoke i nā wahi hema i ka hoʻoilo

Hōʻalua makahiki

Ke hele mai nei ka pūnāwai, e loli ke kāne: hoʻololi i kona poʻo a me kona ʻāʻī a huli hoʻi i ʻulaʻula. I ka wā ulu, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi manu ma o kāna mau kikoo maikaʻi. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou e nā "hula" kanikani, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia e nā kani nui ʻana a me nā kani nui ʻana. Ke hoʻomāhuahua maoli ka partridge male i loko o kahi hakakā ma kona mau hoahānau ponoʻī, i ʻaʻa wiwo ʻole i ke kīnā ʻole i kona wahi.

Ke loli pū nei ke ʻano o ka wahine. Inā ʻaʻole makemake iki nā ʻelele o ka wahine ʻē aʻe iā ia, ʻimi ʻo ia iā ia iho e ʻimi i kahi kāne. Hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻo ka wahine wale nō e hoʻomaka e kūkulu i kahi pā. Kahi ʻia kahi wahi i koho ʻia ma lalo o kahi hammock e hūnā ana i nā lāʻau lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu kiʻekiʻe. Hele ʻo ia i kahi lua, a laila laina iā ia me nā hulu o kona mau lālā, nā lālā, nā lau a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu kokoke.

Hoʻomaka ka mākaʻi i kahi hua i mua ma mua o ka hopena o Mei. Ma ka maʻamau o ka pena ʻia lākou i ka waiho melemele ʻeleʻele me nā poki ʻala i loaʻa iā lākou. Hiki i kekahi wahine wahine ke waiho aku ma kahi o 8-10 hua. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana hatching a lōʻihi loa ma ka 20 mau lā. ʻO ka wahine wale nō ke kau nei i kēia, me ka haʻalele ʻole o ka nīnū no ka minuke hoʻokahi. Mālama ʻo ke kāne i kāna kaikamahine a me nā moa i hope.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO ka manu hulu manu no ka hapa nui o ka manu i hoʻoponopono ʻia, ka mea e neʻe ana ma ka ʻāina. Loaʻa i kekahi mau hihia wale nō e lele ma luna o nā wahi pōkole. Ma ke ala, he nani maikaʻi ka holo holo ʻana o ka manu.

Makemake ka partridge keʻokeʻo e hoʻopau i kāna mau hana a pau i ke ao, ʻoiai ma ka pō ke hū ʻia i nā mea kanu. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kau hoʻoilo, a laila hiamoe ia, kanu ʻia i loko o kahi niʻe o kahi hau.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Partridge i nā ʻano manu e mālama pono loa ana. Ma ke kaʻina o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke neʻe nui nei me ka lewa. A inā inā e hoʻokokoke ana ka pilikia, a laila e hoʻokuʻu mua ka holoholona i ka ʻenemi e like kokoke iā ia iho, a i ka manawa hope ma mua o ka pau ʻana, lele koke ka lele ʻana, me ka lele pono ʻana i kona mau eheu.

ʻO ka manawa pōpilikia loa i ke ola o kahi manu e hoʻomaka i ka wā e hiki aku ai ka nui o ka lemmings i kahi palena palena, no laila e pau ka nui o ka meaʻai no ka holoholona. ʻO ka hopu manu ʻana i nā manu he ʻawewe a me nā ʻalopoki arctic.

ʻO ka mālama Brood

ʻOiai ʻo nā partridges i manaʻo ʻia i nā manu hānai, i ka wā mua o ka hua hānau ʻia lākou e hānai pōʻai wale ʻia e nā pōpoki, pōpōpō, spider a me nā lele, no ka mea, ʻoi nā pēpē i makemake nui ʻia i ka protein holoholona. I mea e pale ai i kāna pīpī mai nā pōʻino kūpono paha, lawe ʻia ʻo ia i kahi wahi e pono ai. Ke hele mai ka hoʻoweliweli liʻiliʻi, e hūnā nā keiki i loko o nā māla lau a me ka hoʻokaʻawale.

Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i nā pipi a hiki i ka hiki ʻana o ʻelua mau makahiki. Hoʻokomo ka partridge puberty i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Noho iki ka nohona o kahi manu me ka plumage keʻokeʻo a liʻiliʻi wale nō a mai ka ʻehā a ʻehiku mau makahiki.

Ke hiʻohiʻona o nā manu

Hoʻopilipili ʻia ka partridge i ke anuanu o ke anuanu. Ma nā kīhaha koʻikoʻi, hūnā lākou i nā keʻena hau ma ka pale piha ʻana i ka wela a pale i ka makani. ʻO ke ʻano kaiāulu partridge ka terestrial a me ke ao. Hoʻohana ʻo Kekliks i ke ao, a i ka pō e lele ai i ka hau a hūnā paha i nā ulu lāʻau lāʻau. Ke holo wikiwiki nei nā kolikola i ke ola, hoʻopau i ka hapa nui o ka lā ma ka lepo, e kahe wale ana i ka pōʻino a i ka hoʻoilo paha ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.

He manu manuahi nā nā paninahina, akā lele nā ​​kānaka e noho ana i ke kai ʻākau a ʻo nā mokupuni ʻo Arctic e lele lele ana i nā wahi hema no nā mahina anuanu. I ke kauwela, hoʻohālikelike nā muffins i nā huakaʻi, a hoʻi pinepine i ko lākou hoa, a i ka hoʻoilo, mālama lākou i nā ʻohana a hiki i 20 mau kānaka.

ʻO ka waiwai kūʻai a me nā kuʻuna nui

Hoʻopilikia loa ʻo Ptarmigan i ka luku, ma muli o ka lawaiʻa iā ia.
Kahi ʻia nā kumukūʻai a ka poʻe i hoʻololi ʻia. Ua hoʻokumu ka ʻepekemaʻepekema i kahi 4-5 mau makahiki o ka oscillations. ʻO kēia mau halahalike e hilinaʻi pololei ana i ka nui o ka nui o ka lemmings. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo e like me nā ʻānō keokeo keʻokeʻo a me ka arctic fox e hānai nui i nā lemmings. Ke emi ka nui o ka lemmings, hoʻomaka kēia mau holoholona e ʻānai hou i nā pahu pale keʻokeʻo.

Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka home, he manu kolohe kēia manu. ʻO ka ʻai o kēia manu ua ʻike ʻia i ka meaʻai a ua ʻono maikaʻi. ʻO ka maleʻana i kahi partridge i ka noho pio ʻana he hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ma lalo o nā kūlana aviary, hōʻike kēia mau manu i ke ola maʻamau.

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