Stellate sturgeon, iʻa o ka ʻohana firmgeon, Acipenser stellatus * Kāpena

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ʻO 30 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he hui pinepine o ka firmgeon ma nā ʻāpana lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa manuahi manuana (Acipenser stellatus). ^ E Ha yM. Holo ka poʻe iʻa i loko o nā kīʻaha o nā kai a Azov, ʻeleʻele a me Caspian. ʻOiai ke paʻa ʻana o kēia mau hana i kēia wā, i ka loko o ke kai kūlohelohe i hopu pinepine ʻia i ka pinepine. He mea ʻoiaʻiʻo aku ke hopu i ka storate Stellate (ʻo ka inoa ʻelua ʻo ka sturgeon) i loko o nā hale noho i uku ʻia, kahi e ulu nui ai ka noi no ka lawaiʻa stabilgeon.

E hoʻokaʻawale i nā pono paʻa kūlohelohe

ʻOkoʻa nā mea ʻai i nā iʻa ʻōpio kūlike i ka kaila e noho ʻia ana. I Caspian stellate firmgeon, loko o ka papaʻai: mysid, moana uuk - nereis, crustaceans. Ma Azov, e hoʻohui i ka papa inoa i kahi papa meli wela, e ʻai nui ai ka māla stellate i ka wā o ko 3-4 mau makahiki. ʻAi ʻia ka iʻa piha ʻia o ka iʻa kūka ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻawa pōpoki, hamsa, a me nā mea ʻeleu o ka ichthyofauna o ka moana.

ʻO ka wā hana o ka mana stellate stellate stabilgeon

ʻO Stellate firmgeon, e lawaiʻa ana i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i nā hopena e ʻike ʻia, nā mea kanu i ke kauwela a me ka puna ma mua o ka ulu. No ka hopu i ka stellate sturgeon, hoʻohana nā lawaiʻa i nā ʻōpala float, ke kāʻei o lalo, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka donka maʻamau, e hoʻopau me ka loli ʻole. E kūpono e like me ka bait: nā wīwī - nā ʻūhā, nā ʻupena, ka ʻai, ka ʻū, ka wai a hoʻolapalapa. Lure stellate stabilgeon bait - i ka papa kolo palaoa, oatmeal, makukha, herring fillet. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hua kanu Cannabis, kahi papa ola - nā wīwī, nā ʻoki pōpoki.

ʻO ka wā kūleʻa o ka stellate stabilgeon

Hele aku ʻo Stellate stabilgeon ma ka spawning hoʻomaka ma ʻApelila a hopena i ka manawa mālama kālā i Iune. Ke puka nei ka spawning i nā muliwai, ma nā wahi me ka kahe o ka holo o 0.5-2 m / s. Aia i ka noho, kahi puna a me ka wā lohi (ka puna hope) i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka stellate firmgeon. ʻO ka iʻa iʻa ʻia (e loaʻa ana i ka makahiki 4 o ke ola) ka ulu ma kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hala ana me ka makahiki i ka manawa 1 ka manawa 2 mau makahiki. Ke piʻi nei ka wela o ka wai i ka 18-20 degere Celsius, stellate sturgeon, e hāloʻi ana i nā ʻōpala, a me nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai wai i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai, hoʻomaka e hōʻuluʻulu i loko o ka wai pāpaku. ʻO ka helu o nā hua manu ma ka stellate sturgeon he 60-400 tausani ʻokiʻoki (Volga specimens).

Aia i ka mahana wai, hoʻomoʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua ʻai stellate i nā hola 44-80, ma hope o ka make ʻana i ka ʻōiwi honu i loko o ke kai. Ma hope o 4 mau makahiki, e hoʻi kekahi o lākou i nā wahi no ka spawning. ʻOi aku ma mua o 40% o ka stellate stabilgeon e waiho ana i loko o nā wai wai ka hopena o ka hana a nā lawaiʻa iʻa i kōkua i ka stellate stabilgeon e mālama i ko lākou ʻano. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā Juveniles i ka manawa spawning.

ʻEkolu ʻaila i ka kuke ʻana

Stellate stellate i kapa ʻia ʻo "aliʻi" like me kahi haneli, akā paʻa ka iʻa i ka lālani me ka firmgeon ma nā ʻōlelo o ka ʻono. ʻO nā ala o ka kuke ʻana: ʻoki ʻia i kālai ʻia, ʻai ʻia ma ka ʻāala, loʻa i ka ʻala, hua pepeiao. I waena o nā gourmets, ʻo ka balyk mai ka stellate firmgeon e koi ai, a me nā huahana o nā kūlike hou. Pono ka manuahi, ʻoi ʻia ka iʻa hoʻāla ʻia no ka kuke ʻana, ʻaʻole e kāhea pinepine ʻia (pono e hoʻopunipuni ka stellate firmgeon ma mua o 2 mau lā). ʻAʻole hōʻemi ʻia ka stellate stabilgeon caviar i ka maikaʻi i ka firmgeon, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopiʻi i kona loaʻa ʻana, hikiʻole ke kūʻai aku i ka caviar.

ʻO nā nui pākahi a me nā ʻāpana spope o ka stellate stabilgeon

ʻO ka ʻāpana maʻamau i ʻae ʻia no ka stellate firmgeon e hoʻokō i ka nui o 7-12 kg, me ke kino lōʻihi o 120-150 cm.ʻO nā spimenska nui e ulu ana a i ka 80 kg, me ka lōʻihi o 220 cm. No nā mea (poaching, ecology), nā mōʻaukala ma mua. I kēia manawa, ʻo kahi iʻa ke kaupaona ʻana he 5 kg he hopena kūleʻa, waiho nā mea kanu lāʻau hoʻoneʻe i kahi manawa e hopu ai i ka trell stellate firmgeon.

Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa 'ia nei nā lālā stellate stellate firmgeon he 250 cm ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona nei ʻo 80 kg mau makahiki a me 27 mau makahiki.

E nānā i ka mea "Sevryuga" aia i loko o nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe.

Stellate firmgeon -? Mālama kūpaʻa ... Wikipedia

huakai stellate - kūkaʻi, stellate sturgeon Dictionary o ka unuhi ʻana a Lūkini. stellate sturgeon noun, number of synonyms: 6 • ke ahi (7) • sturgeon ... ʻ oflelo like o kā like

Stellate firmgeon - nā iʻa o ka ʻohana paʻa. ʻO keʻano o nā huaʻola kai. 2012 ... Kumukanawai Kumuhana

KAHIKI HALE - Sevryuga, he kai lawele (ʻohana fortgeon). ʻO ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 2.2 m, ke kauka a hiki i 80 kg. Noho ia ma nā ʻōpū o nā kai ʻeleʻele, Azov a me Caspian. Ke kuolo nei i nā muliwai. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻoulu. Hoʻemi ʻia ka helu ma muli o ka hopena o ke kahe ...

KAHIKI HALE - iʻa hoʻoneʻe o ka ʻohana stabilgeon. ʻO ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 2.2 m, ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 80 kg. Ma nā kāmele o nā kai ʻeleʻele, nā Azov a me Caspian. Ke kuolo nei i nā muliwai. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻoulu. Hoʻemi ʻia ka helu ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono o ka kahe wai (nā mea nui ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

KAHIKI HALE - Sevryuga, stellate firmgeon, mau wahine. Nā iʻa mai ka ʻohana. kaulua. ʻO ka'ōlelo wehewehe Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ka wehewehe wehewehe o Ushakov

KAHIKI HALE - Sevryuga, a me nā wahine. ʻO nā iʻa kālepa nui kaulua. | hoʻemi kuʻi manuahine, a me nā wahine. | pili. stellate sturgeon, hey, hey. ʻOhele ʻōlelo wehewehe ʻo Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōlelo o Ozhegov

KAHIKI HALE - (Acipenser stellatus), nā mākeke o ka hiʻona o ka genus stabilgeon. No ka a hiki i 220 cm, ke kaumaha a hiki i 80 kg. Snout nui loa, kamaʻilio. Hoʻopau ʻia ka lehelehe haʻahaʻa. Antennae me ka pani ʻole ʻana. Noho ʻai hl hiki. i ka wahine kūpono. Caspian, ʻeleʻele a me Azov Seas. Aia nā pūnāwai a me ka hoʻoilo ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary

Stellate firmgeon - Stellate sturgeon, spkled, chevrug (Acipenser stellatus Pall.) Ka iʻa mai ka genus stabilgeon (Acipenser). Lā ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano ʻano gen S. na kahi ʻōpū puʻupuʻu elongated loa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lehelehe lalo i lalo loa e kahi ākea ākea, ʻaʻole i ... anti Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia.

KAHIKI HALE - nā iʻa o ka ʻohana paʻa

Stellate firmgeon - Sevryuga, he kai lawele (ʻohana fortgeon). ʻO ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 2.2 m, ke kauka a hiki i 80 kg. Noho ia ma nā ʻōpū o nā kai ʻeleʻele, Azov a me Caspian. Ke kuolo nei i nā muliwai. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻoulu. Ua hōʻemi ʻia ka helu ma muli o ka kahe o ka hoʻoponopono ... ... Hoʻohālikelike ʻo Encyclopedic Dictionary

ʻO ka wehewehe

ʻO ka Stellate stabilgeon ka iʻa nui kūloko me ka paona awelika o 3 a 10 kg a hiki i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 1 m. Nā kumu hopu hopu o nā mākaʻi nui o kekahi ʻano me ka nui o ka lōʻihi o 150 kg o ka paona a me 2,2 m ka lōʻihi.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho paʻa ʻana i nā pale no nā mea paʻa i ka stellate firmgeon. ʻO ka hōʻike maoli o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā līlū ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ia nā uhi stellate i uhi i ka wela ma nā ʻaoʻao ma waena o kā lākou mau papa.

ʻO ka waha, e like me Sturgeons āpau, aia i ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo. Hoʻonui ʻia ia i kahi kokoke i nā gills. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka iʻa, he pōkole, ʻo ka antennae he pōkole, ʻaʻohe huʻu. Ma ka papa lāʻau mua he 26 mau stamens.

ʻO ka lua hope i hiki i nā 46 mau maka, ke kaulua a hoʻopau i ka 29.

Hoʻaiho

E hōʻike ana i ka iʻa ma loko o ka migratory e noho ana i ka Caspian, Azov a me ʻ Blackʻeleʻele. E kahe ana ʻo ia i nā muliwai nui loa o kēia mau wai hoʻopuka: ʻo ka Volga, nā Urals, ke Kula, ka Kuban, a me ka Don. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ke Kai Kūleʻele, ʻo kēia kaila wai he wahi waena wai no ka stellate firmgeon.

E hele loa ʻia i laila i laila, a laila, kūlohelohe mai ka Kerch Strait. Ma ka Dnieper, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka stellate firmgeon no nā makahiki he 50 mau makahiki, a i ka Dniester - kokoke loaʻo 100. ʻO nā solidgeon āpau ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me nā kaona nona ka puna wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hui ʻokoʻa no ka sterlet a, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa, ka beluga.

Aia kekahi mahele intraspecific o ka iʻa ma ka nohona. No laila, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui loa o ka Ural Sevruga, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi, ʻo Kuban (ʻo nā kaupaona momona he 5-10 a me 6-8 kg, kēlā).

ʻAno hānau

ʻO ka manawa o ka wā ʻōpiopio, a me ka nui, hilinaʻi ma nā pūnaewele spawning o ka iʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia i ke ola lōʻihi o ka iʻa (a hiki i 30 mau makahiki a ʻoi aʻe paha) ke hoʻonui ʻia lākou i ka wā lōʻihi. Kahi ʻia ʻana o ka make ma ka Ural stellate firmgeon e kū nei i 7-9 mau makahiki ma nā kāne a ʻo 11-13 nā wahine. ʻO nā Kurin a me Kuban nā lōlihi loa. Hiki i ka hiki ke haʻalele i nā hua ma loko o lākou he 10-13 mau makahiki ma nā kāne a me 12-15 mau makahiki i nā wahine.

Ke lawe ʻia nei ka spawning i nā muliwai i ka mahana o ka wai ma kahi o -18-20 ° C. ʻO ka maʻamau ka hua o ka hua ma kahi o 200 tausani. Aka ʻo ka makua i ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka caviar e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā mākini maʻamau ma ka papa pōhaku.

Hoʻopili i ke kuʻi pua caviar e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻili. ʻO kona ʻāpana he 2.5-3 mm. ʻO ka manawa hoʻolālā mai ka 45 a 80 mau hola, hilinaʻi i ka mahana. ʻAi ʻia ka hapa caviar e nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. E like me ka paʻa ʻana i ka ʻōlaʻi, aia ka larvae i ke kai, ʻo kahi liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou e waiho nei i ka wai hou no ka lōʻihi.

Kaʻi stellate ke kanaka

He huahana waiwai nui ka iʻa me ka ʻiʻo momona a me ka caviar. E like me ka hapanui o nā firmgeons, loaʻa iā ia kahi noi aoao - aneane ua pau nā ʻāpana o ke kino i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻai wai mai ka stellate firmgeon.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo a me ka caviar i ka kuke ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻiole chord e hana ai i nā mea ʻala - screech, cartilage ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lem, ʻo kahi hana ʻauʻau e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomālamalama ʻia i nā wīwī, etc.

ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻole paʻa, ka poloka o ka muliwai, a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala i hōʻemi ʻia i ka nui o ka heluna o nā kānaka. No nā makahiki he 100 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka home. A inā ma mua o ka iʻa e loaʻa ai nā iʻa ma nā kahawai o Siberia, ʻo kēia mea āpau e pili wale ana i ka Caspian a me Azov Seas.

Ma muli o ka hana waiwai kanaka, kūlohelohe maoli ka stellate firmgeon e ulu wale ana ma ka muliwai Ural. Ma nā wahi āpau e loaʻa, hoʻopili hou ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu ma muli o ka kanu ʻana i ka iʻa i nā mahiʻai iʻa. I ka makahiki 2018, 90% o nā lālā stellate stabilgeon he mau kumu kūlohelohe. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ʻike nei i ka ʻike ma hope o ka pahuhopu.

Akā, ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano o nā ʻano o nā makahiki heono i hala. Hoʻoikaika e pani i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mahiʻai no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka iʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻelua tapas no ka mālama ʻana: nā holoholona ʻōpio 1-2 mau makahiki no ka hoʻolau ʻana i nā hale a me nā kanaka makua no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua.

Nā lawaiʻa Stellar

Hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana catastrophic o ka lehulehu, a me ke ʻano hoʻi o kēia wā o kona hōʻola hou ʻia, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe kī lawaiʻa i loko o nā wahi kūlohelohe. Mai ka makahiki 2000, ʻaʻole hiki ke hopu ʻia ka stellate stabilgeon ma ke kai o Azov, a mai ka makahiki 2005 ma Caspian. Ke Kuluʻele, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano me ka lōʻihi.

Akā, e huli ʻoe no kēlā mau wahi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hapa nui o kēia mau reservoir e kūʻai nui ʻia me ka sterlet a firmgeon paha, akā inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi "stellate" waihona kō. I kēia manawa, lawe ʻia ke ʻano o kēia ʻano ʻano, no ka laʻana, i kēlā mau wahi:

"Mikhailovskaya Sloboda" (Lake Gorodnoye) - ke kauhale o ka inoa like ma ka ʻāpana o Moscow.
ʻO KPH "Mau Kaiululu Pahu", kuea Moscow, ka ʻāina Krasnogorsk, pos. Nā ʻāpana ʻihi
ʻO BigKarp club (Krasnogorsk dam), ʻo Moscow, ʻo Krasnogorsk,
Club "Kapalapa", wahi a Vladimir., Moku a Suzdal, me. Holo.

ʻO ka tiketi pākuhi no kēlā me kēia mau hale kūʻai kālā mai 1500 r. a hiki i 2500 p. pākahi. ʻO ke kumukūʻai Catch e kūkā pinepine ʻia ma kūloko.

Wikiō: Monkey

ʻO Sturgeon, kahi o ka stellate firmgeon, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻohana kahiko o ka iʻa bony, ka mea nona nā subtropical, hānai a me nā subarctic, nā loko a me nā kahakai o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau elongated, hema o nā pāpaʻi, a me ka nui o nā nunui: mau pākaʻi mai 2 a 3 m m lōʻihi ka maʻamau, a ulu kekahi mau pua he 5.5 m. lahui. ʻOiai he wai piha loa kekahi, ʻike liʻiliʻi i ka moana ākea ma mua o nā wahi kahakai.

Puhi ka Stellate firmgeon i ka wai wela, pohō a me nā wai kai. Aia ia i ka iʻa, ka ʻu, nā mea kanu a me nā kolo. Noho nui ia i loko o nā kīʻaha o nā Kai ʻeleʻele a me Caspian a me ke Kai o Azov. ʻO ka hapa nui loa ma nā wahi o Volga-Caspian. He ʻelua mau ʻano hele kaʻe kaukau no kēia ʻano. Hoʻokomo kekahi iʻa i ka hoʻoilo, a ke kō kekahi ma ka pūnāwai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO ke kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka stellate stabilgeon?

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka firmgeon ka mea like:

ʻaʻole ka kumu o ka manamana o ka ʻikepili, akā, ʻo ke kāpili cartilaginous,
ua mamao loa ke poʻo i ka dorsal, mai ke poʻo,
hoʻomohala i ka lāʻala i ka wā lōʻihi, ka hānai ʻana i nā mea i loko o ka ʻeke,
ʻectorlelo pectoral hope - ray spike,
ma ke kino (ma ka hope, ka ʻōpū, nā ʻaoʻao) aia nā lālani nui o nā pua kuʻi nui. I waena o lākou, ua uhi ʻia ka holoholona me nā piʻi bony liʻiliʻi, mau granule.

ʻO ka Stellate firmgeon ka iʻa kūʻai waiwai nui. ʻElua ʻano puka - ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe i nā iʻa a pau o ka ʻohana stabilgeon i ka helehelena. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka stellate firmgeon he ihu lōʻihi loa, ʻano like me ka pahi. Lā ke kūpaʻa ka lae o kēia iʻa, ʻāleʻe a me ka pīhoihoi maikaʻi ʻole i hele aku ai i ka waha, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o lalo e hoʻomaʻupuʻu maikaʻi ʻia.

ʻO ke kino o ka stellate sturgeon, e like me ka ihu, elongated ka lōʻihi, i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao a i ke kua ua uhi ʻia me nā pale e pili pono ʻia kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ke kino o kēia iʻa he wahi ʻulaʻula ulaula me ka paila i ka ʻulaʻula ʻole-ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao me ke kaula keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ka Stellate stabilgeon he iʻa ʻoi aku ka laʻa, maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kona mau muzzle, he lōʻihi a ʻilihune a pololei hoʻi. He liʻiliʻi nā pale ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e wehe i ka stellate stabilgeon mai ka firmgeon, i ʻike ʻia ma nā wai Finnish i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. ʻO ke kua o ka stellate firmgeon he ʻeleʻele hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha, he ʻōpū ka ʻōpū. ʻAnoʻulaʻula ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. ʻO kahi Stellate stabilgeon kekahi mea haʻahaʻa loa i ka nui i ka hapanui. ʻO kona kaulike maʻamau he 7-10 kg, akā, aia kekahi mau kanaka i ka lōʻihi ma mua o 2 m a me ka paona o 80 kg.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka stellate stabilgeon?

Kiʻi ʻO: Sevryuga ma Lūkia

Noho ʻo Stellate firmgeon ma loko o ke kai ʻo Caspian, Azov, ʻeleʻele a me Aegean, mai kahi wahi e komo ai i nā tributaries, me nā Danube. Loaʻa ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Middle Danube ma waena, akā i kekahi manawa ua neʻe ʻo ka iʻa i kai ma Komarno, Bratislava, Austria a ʻo Kelemānia paha. Ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, aia kēia ʻano i ʻike i loko o ka moana Aegean a me Adriatic, a me ka loko o Aral, kahi i lawe ʻia mai ai ka moana Caspian i 1933.

I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ka lele, ua hāʻule pū kekahi o ka moku stellate i ka poʻe lawe mai ʻo Dan Danube e like me nā kahe ʻo Prut, Siret, Alt a me Zhiul. Ma waena o Danube Middle, ua hele ʻo ia i loko o ke kahawai ʻo Tisu (a hiki i Tokai) a i ka lalo o nā wai ona, nā kahawai ʻo Maros a me Körös a me ka waha o ka muliwai Zagyva, piʻi ka lalo o ka muliwai Drava a me Sava a me ka waha o ka muliwai Morava.

A ʻo muli o ka hoʻoponopono a me ka pani ʻana o ka muliwai, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi o ka stellate stgeate i nā kihi o Caspian, Azov a me ʻĀleʻele. Ua emi nui nā kumu hoʻomoe, a ua loli nā ala hele a me ka manawa. I kēia manawa, ka hapanui o nā poʻe ma ka muliwai Danube wale nō e neʻe wale i nā pahu Iron Gate.

Loaʻa ka Stellate firmgeon ma loko o ka wai pāpaku o ke kai kahakai a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kahe. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai no nā pākeke, a nui ka koʻikoʻi o ka plankton i ka meaʻaiʻai i ka papa hana mua o ka larval.

I kēia manawa ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi e ola ai ka stellate stabilgeon. E ʻimi i ka aha o kēia iʻa.

He aha nā meaʻai stellate stabilgeon?

Whakaahua kiʻi: Stellate firmgeon ma kai

Ka ʻehiku mau ʻano firmgeon ehiku, ʻo ia hoʻi ka stellate firmgeon, ka lewa lepo i loko o nā loko a me nā muliwai, ka mea ʻai nui i ka pīhoihoi, nāʻu, nā snails, nā mea kanu, nā aniani a me nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala silt a me nā mollusks.

ʻIke maoli nō: Hoʻohana ʻo Sevryuga i ka ʻai ʻana i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka neʻe. Ma hope o ka milo ʻana, hoʻi koke ʻo ia i ke kai, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hānai.

ʻO nā Stellate Stefate nā mea puna maikaʻi loa no ka mea he Antennae koʻikoʻi loa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou mau maka i ʻike i nā holoholona o lalo a me ko lākou waha lōʻihi a convex e hānai i ka waiwai.ʻO ka ʻeha o ka gastrointestinal stellate firmgeons he mea ʻē maoli nō hoʻi no ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia nā paia o ko lākou pyloric ʻōpū i loko o kahi ʻōpū e like me ka ʻōpū, ʻo nā ʻōpū o nā pākeke i nā epitheli ciliary hana, a me nā pūpū o kā lākou hua huaʻuʻu i lilo i loko o nā pūlima.

ʻO nā kūmole stellate homemade i loaʻa i loko o nā loko pilikino e pono ai nā huaora, ka aila, nā minima, a me ka liʻiliʻi o 40% pūmole (ka hapanui o ka loko iʻa). Ma waena o nā huaora momona e pono ai, pono lākou i nā huaora A, D, E, a me kā ʻO kā lākou wai e hoʻōla i ka wai me ka B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B6, B5, B3 (niacin), B12, H, C (waikawa ascorbic) a me ka wai folic.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: Stellate iʻa

ʻOiai ʻo ka stellate stabilgeon ka mea nui o ka aquaculture no ka mea he kumu waiwai nui ia o ka caviar, aia kekahi manaʻo nui e pili ana i ka biology a me ke ʻano o kēia ʻano ma ka hihiu (home range, aggregation, agence, for example), and and about about zana of agriculture (agence, enrichment of the environment. ho? olauna, ke kaumaha a me ka luku). ʻO ka nele o ka ʻike ʻaʻole i hoʻopili koʻikoʻi wale i ka loiloi o ke kūlana o kona pōmaikaʻi, akā hoʻopiha pū kekahi i kekahi kūpono i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana.

Nā ʻano like ʻole o ka stabilgeon i pili i ka pili spawning. Holo ka nui o nā hāmoa manuahi i ka wā i kolo ʻia kekahi ʻano iwi i kahi ʻāpana muliwai like, kahi i kapa ʻia he "pālua". Ua wehewehe ʻia nā hui spawning he ʻano puna a me ke ʻano anthem.

Ua wehewehe ʻia nā hui spawning hoʻokaʻawale no kekahi mau ʻano paʻa i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻopili ka spawning ʻelua i nā nui ʻano Eurasian stabilgeon. Ma ka Wāʻeleʻele a me Caspian he mau ʻano he nui me ka lōkulu puna a me nā mele: beluga, kūlia Lūkia, spike, stellate stabilgeon, sterlet. Hoʻokomo kahi pūʻulu pū wai i ka wai i ka wā puna me ka nui o nā gonads makua a me nā maʻa i ka manawa koke o ke komo ʻana i ka muliwai. Ke komo nei ka pūʻulu heme i ka muliwai i ka manawa like a i ʻole ma hope o ka pūnāwai wai, akā me nā oocytes immature.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kuhi: Stellar stew mai ʻĀpana ʻula

Ua milo kēia ʻano ma nā kahe o nā muliwai i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā waipuna wai a ma luna o ka pali i lalo o ke kahawai i nā wā wikiwiki. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua ʻai ma nā moena o nā pōhaku i hoʻopuʻi ʻia, nā ʻili a me nā ʻili i kāwili ʻia me nā ʻōpala o ka pōpoki a me ka one. ʻO nā kūlana spawning optimum ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pae ʻana a me ka haʻahaʻa maile o ke kahakaha. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ke kahe ʻana ma hope o ka spawning a me ka hoʻomohala hua, hiki ke piʻi i kahi hoʻonui o ka embryo. Ma ka muliwai o Danube, hele mai ka wai pua mai Mei a Iune i ke mahana o 17 a 23 ° C. ʻAʻole nui i ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano hana ʻano o kēia ʻano.

Ma hope o ka hatching, stellate stellate larvae ola i ka maʻi i lalo a me waena waena o ka wai kahawai, akā, i ka maka. Ke kahe nei lākou i lalo, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i ko lākou hiki ke neʻe i ka hoʻonui. ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻia o nā poʻe ʻōpio ma ke kahawai ʻo Danube e pā ʻia e nā lako meaʻai, nā mea a me nā wā hoʻi. E neʻe lākou i lalo i ka hohonu i ka hohonu o ka 4 a 6 m.

ʻIke maoli nō: Hiki i ka Stellate stabilgeon ke piʻi aku ma mua o 2 mau mika ma ka lōʻihi a he 35 makahiki ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā wahine no nā kāne a me nā wahine e koi a hiki i 6 a 10 mau makahiki, kēlā me kēia. Hiki i nā wahine ke lawe ma waena o 70,000 a me 430,000 hua, e like me ko lākou nui.

E like me nā mea paʻa, ua komo ka stellate sturgeon i ka muliwai o Danube e lele i loko o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā aia he mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ʻelua. Hoʻomaka kēia kaʻina ma ka mahina ʻo Malaki i ka mahana o 8 a 11 ° C, hiki i kona ikaika nui i ka lā o ʻApelila a kū mau a hiki i Mei. ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana i ka mahina ʻo ʻAukake a mau aku a hiki i ʻOkakopa. A ʻoi aku ka makemake o kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā paʻa i paʻa i ka Danube, a me kāna kahe e holo nei i nā wa wai nui i ko nā mea i lanakila ʻia i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole.

Nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe

ʻO ka ʻenemi nā stellar firmgeon he poʻe. ʻO ka ʻololopa Late (6-10 mau makahiki) e hōʻeha hou aku lākou iā lākou i ka momona loa. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hōʻemi ʻia ko lākou helu i nā waihona nui i ka 70% no nā makahiki i hala. I ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui piha no ka hopu ʻole ʻia ʻole ʻole. Poaching i ka pākuhi Volga-Caspian wale nō i manaʻo ʻia he mau manawa he 10-12 ma mua o nā palena i ʻae ʻia.

O ke kahe a me ke kauā ʻana i nā kahe kumu nui nā kumu no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā helu stellate stabilgeon i ka kenekulia 20. I ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui piha no ka hopu ʻole ʻia ʻole ʻole. Ma ke kahe kaha Volga-Caspian wale nō, ʻoi ka poholima he 10 mau manawa i ko ka hopu lawaiʻa. ʻO ke kūlana like ka mea ma luna o ka muliwai Amur. ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui a me ka lawaiʻa nui i alakaʻi ʻia kahi hopena nui o ka hopu kūʻokoʻa i ka honua a i loko o ke kaʻi nui stellate firmgeon basin - ka Caspian Sea.

ʻO Caviar kahi hua momona ka moa i hoʻolilo ʻia. No nā ʻano gourmets, caviar, i kapa ʻia ʻo "pearl black", he pāʻakai meaʻai. ʻO nā hua pāʻoihana ʻekolu o ka stabilgeon e hana ai i ka caviar kūikawā: beluga, sturgeon (Lūkini paʻa paʻa) a me ka stellate stellate stellate (star stabilgeon). Mālama ke kala a me ka nui o nā hua manu ma ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka wā ʻōpio o nā hua.

I kēia lā ʻo Iran a me Rūsia nā mea lawe nui o ka caviar, ma kahi o 80% o kēia mau i hopu ʻia e nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka firmgeon ma ke kai o Caspian: kūlia Rūkia (20% o ka mākeke), stellate stabilgeon (28%) a Persian stabilgeon (29%). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pilikia o ka stellate stabilgeon e hoʻoulu ʻia e ka make wai, nā pahu, ka luku a me ka wāwahi ʻana o nā wai kūlohelohe a me nā wahi e noho ai, e pili ana i nā ala hele a me nā wahi o ka hānai a me nā hānai.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kuhi: Stellate iʻa

He kanaka maʻamau ʻo Stellate stabilgeon ma ka Middle and High Danube a ʻo kēia ka mea i hoʻopau ʻia mai ka Danube kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻāpana o Hungarian-Slovak o ka Middle Danube, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi wale nō e hoʻokau wale ana i nā kēkele ma nā pan o ka Gate Iron. ʻO ka ʻike ma hope mai ka māhele Slovak i lawe ʻia ma Komarno ma Pepeluali 20, 1926, a ʻo ka hapa hope o ka māhele Hungarian i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Mojac i ka makahiki 1965.

Wahi a ka Red Book, ʻo stellate sturgeon aia ka pilikia o ka hoʻopau wale ʻana ma muli o ka lawehala, ka poʻo, ke ʻano wai, ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā wai kūlohelohe a me nā noho ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā ʻike o kēia lā ma ka Danube, kokoke loa ia e hoʻopau. ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka heluna nui i neʻe a paʻakikī e ka hoʻoluhi nui ʻana i ka wā ma mua a me ka ʻike maopopo loa o kahi o nā wahi lele. Pono ʻia ka noiʻi hou ʻana e mālama pono i kēia ʻano.

ʻIke maoli nō: Ua loaʻa iā 55,000 stellate firmgeons ua make ma ke kai o Azov i ka makahiki 1990 ma muli o ke kolohe. Ke emi nei o kahi 87% o ka hopu kalepa honua i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā heluna kanaka.

ʻAʻole i hopu ʻia ka Wild firmgeon (kū paʻa maʻamau, Atlantile paʻawā, Baltic sturgeon, European moana firmgeon) ʻaʻole i paʻa i ka kapakai o Finlandia mai ka makahiki 1930. ʻO nā ʻōiwi e ulu ana i loko o ke kai o Finlandia he stellate stabilgeon. Hiki paha iā lākou ke nalowale e like me ka make ʻana o nā mea kanu make. Noho lōʻihi nā Sturgeons, no laila loaʻa paha kēia kaʻina hana i kekahi manawa.

Koiulu ʻoe

Kiʻi: Sevryuga mai ka Puke ʻaha

Kokoke ʻia nā ʻano kūloko paʻa paʻa i ka pau ʻole. ʻO kā lākou momona momona a me nā hua manu (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka caviar) ka nui o ka hauʻoli nui a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka kaomi. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i ka muliwai a me ka hoʻopuʻi ua komo pū kekahi i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Pōlani moana moana ʻo ʻElani, i hala i ka hopena ma Kelemānia, ua hala a hala ʻo 100 makahiki aku nei. Manaʻo kēia ʻano holoholona e hoʻi i nā muliwai o Kelemania ma o nā hana hana hou.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā honua e hakakā i ka hoʻopau piha ʻana o nā mea paʻa i ka papa nui o nā hana nui e mālama i nā mea paʻa i nā 5 mau makahiki e hiki mai ana.

A kau ʻia ka hoʻolālā i:

maluna o ka lawehala
lula ala e ola nei,
ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻoi kūkaʻi,
kaiaulu kākoʻo.

Hoʻopili ʻo WWF i nā hana kūlohelohe i ke kula ma nā wahi a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokomo ka hana o nā ʻāina i nā hana ma Austria (ʻikepili i Kelemānia), Bulgaria (Bulgaria), ka Netherlands (Dutch), Romania (Romania), Russia a me ka muliwai Amur (Rūsia) a me Ukraine (Ukrainia).

Eia kekahi, ʻāwalu ka WWF i:

ʻO ka papa waiʻo Danube me kahi papahana kūikawā e hakakā i ka pālahalaha ʻana o nā mea paʻa i ka Danube,
ka hoihoi ʻana i nā kahe kūlohelohe o ke kahawai ʻo St. John ma Kanada.

Stellate firmgeon - ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona solidgeon koʻikoʻi o ka honua. ʻO kēia mau kaila wai archaic i hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o ko lākou ola ʻana. ʻOiai ke ola nei ma ka Honua i nā miliona mau makahiki, ua maʻalahi kēia mau mea stellate i kēia manawa i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻowalewale i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka Stellate stabilgeon.

Noho ʻana ʻo Sturgeon

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ma nā muliwai Siberia a me ʻEulopa. I kēia lā ua loaʻa i loko o ke Kai Caspian, ka mea nui ma ke kahakai komohana. E makemake ana ia i nā hohonu o 100 a hiki i kahi 300 mika, a aia wale nō i loko o ka pūnāwai ke hele i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka wai. Loaʻa ia ma kahi o ke Kai Caspian i ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me Azov. I ka wā pana, komo ia i nā wai e like me nā Urals, Volga, Kuban, Don, Terek a me Kura.

ʻAno lawehala

I nā muliwai, pili i nā ʻāpana hohonu. He iʻa lauhi ʻai e komo i nā muliwai he ʻelua i ka makahiki, i ka wā o ka ʻohi a me ka pūnāwai, akā ʻaʻole e hānai i ka wai wai. Noho nā papa ʻōlelo haʻahaʻa, no ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma loko o ka lua. Ua loaʻa kekahi mea kūleʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kino wai kūlohelohe.

Spawning (pua)

Hoʻomaka ia e hoʻohālikelike ma hope o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe stabilgeon. Ma ke kānāwai, hoʻomaka ka spawning i nā wai wai mai 6 a 9 mau kiʻekiʻe, i ke waena o ʻApelila a me ka makahiki mua o Mei. Hiki i nā kamaliʻi ke pāloʻi wale nō i nā makahiki 7 7, a me nā wāhine - ʻaʻole i mua ma mua o 11 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. A pono no ka mahuahua, ma ka awelika, mai kahi pākeke Volga pākahi, mai 106 a 470 tausani mau huaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻano o Don a me Ural i kēia ʻano ʻoi aku ka nui.

Ma ke kahawai ʻo Volga, kikoo ka spawning o ka stellate firmgeon no ka manawa mai Mei a ʻAukake ma ke ʻano mahana mai 12 a 26 ° C. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar ma kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele hina a i ʻole ke anawaena, ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mm. He ʻie iodine iki a me nā ʻono maikaʻi.

ʻO nā maʻi a me ka lolo

ʻO ka polypodiosis, a i ka maʻi hōʻemi o ka caviar o nā kūʻai maha he nui, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i ka pilikia nui, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hoʻololi ʻia e kahi ʻōpū o ka pūpū i noho i loko o nā hua. Hōʻike ka maʻi hewa i ka papa ma ka wā e puka ana ka huaʻala i ka hua.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo wale ʻia ka hele ʻana o kahi mea maʻi ma o ka nānā ʻana o nā hua - nā maʻi ʻeha a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka nui.

ʻO Stellate sturgeon, e like me nā mea paʻa'ē aʻe, hiki ke kūpono i nā maʻi like ʻole ma nā unahi a me nā mea kanu. I ka laulā, ʻaʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia i nā ʻano pilites. Inā hele kēia i ka manawa, a laila pinepine ka hopena i hōʻeha ʻia e nā parasites pololei-flagellar e pili ana i ka ʻeha o ka hanu.

Nā lawaiʻa a me nā lawaiʻa

Mahalo i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona kulina maikaʻi loa ia, a ua hoʻomau ia i ke kumuhana o nā hana ʻenehana a hoʻokū. Kahi ʻia i hana ʻia i kihi o ʻĀpana Caspian, ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki i hala aku nei i hopu ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10 tausani tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻokoʻa o ka uku kālā no ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka caviar stellate stabilgeon.

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua emi nui ka nui o nā ʻano stellate stellate a ke kū nei hoʻi i kēia manawa. I ka hana hoʻoilo a me ka leʻaleʻa lawaiʻa stellate stabilgeon e lawe ʻia ana e nā ʻano koikoi i lalo. Ma kahi ʻenehana ʻoihana, nā ʻupena, nā ʻupena.

Kāleka stellar

ʻO Stellate firmgeon ka iʻa ʻano migratory. Ma ke kai a me nā kahe wai e kū pinepine ma ka pō i nā papa luna no ka meaʻai. Aia ka papa kumu i nā kahawai ma lalo o nā kumu pihi o nā paʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka lele i kahi manawa iʻoi aʻe ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. I ka hapanui o nā muliwai, 2 mau huli i nānā ʻia: spring a me ka wā lohi. Hoʻomau i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o nā lua a me ke kūwili i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻo Stellate stabilgeon, e holo ana i ka pūnāwai, e hoʻopuka i ke kauwela hoʻokahi. Puhi i nā wahi o nā kahawai kahawai kahawai i kai ʻia me nā wai i pooka ʻole a i ʻole ke kikowaena o ka muliwai i kahi hohonu o 9-13 m.

Kanikau

ʻO ka caviar stewed a hauʻoli ʻia e ka ʻokiʻoki i ka bipi, nā bipi, ke keʻokeʻo, ka ʻū kālā kālā, ka bream, ka iʻa, ka iʻa, me ka beluga ʻōpio, nā spike a me ka kūmau. Kahi wahi kūikawā i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā caviar stellate stabilgeon e noho ʻia e kahi gudgeon (a ʻo 15 mau huaʻupu i loko o ka ʻōpū). ʻO nā hua a me ke kālai ʻia o nā alaloa stellate a hoʻopau ʻia e ka sabrefish, bluebird, hive a me ka pua. ʻO ka ʻenemi nui loa o ka ʻenemi stellate Stustateon ʻo ka ʻona. ʻO nā ʻōpala nui e ʻai ʻia e ka zander, perch, nā ʻoka a me nā cyprinids i lalo.

Haehoe

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka lawaiʻa me ke kālai lāʻau, ka mea hānai a i ʻole kahi pae ʻauʻau. Ma ka hihia o ka hoʻohana 'ana i lalo o ka mīkini, ua ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ia mau ʻōhua:

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke koʻokoʻo mai ka 4 a hiki i ka 6 m. Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kīloʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā iʻa lawaiʻa me nā apo kahawai keramika.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi hāmeʻa inertialess, akā, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka multiplier. Loaʻa - ka liʻiliʻi o 150 m.
Mea paʻa ikaika ka iʻa - no laila ke paipai ʻia e hoʻohana i ka laina lawaiʻa me ka mānoanoa o 0.3-0.4 mm. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i ka peʻe a i ke kaula monofilament paha.
Aia nā alakaʻi no ka ʻili o lalo i ka wā e pono ai ke neʻe ʻana me ka paʻa lako ʻana. Mea hana - fluorocarbon mai ka 0.25 mm mānoanoa. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi mai ka 0.5 a 1 m, ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā leʻa a hiki i ka 0.5 m.
No ka kū ʻana o ka hapa nui o kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole like paha nā helehelena.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā hookapu kalima me kahi pā lōʻihi lōʻihi 3-7.

ʻO nā mea hana o ke kumu lawaiʻa e like me kēia:

hoʻokūkū i ka lāʻau lawaiʻa me kahi hōʻike ma kahi o 30-40 g,
Paʻa kikohoʻa no kahi pāʻani me kahi kāʻei o hope a me ka nui o ka 150 m,
ka laina lawaiʻa nui - ikaika, kolo, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kū i ka abrasion 0.3 mm mānoanoa,
he waʻa - he wagler me ka ukana o 7g + 3g a i ʻole 5g + 5g,
Hoʻohana ʻia nā pellets 5-6 mau pellets ma nā kolo, aia ma ka 5-10 cm ma hope o kekahi, me kā lākou huehue e kūlike me ka laha o ka papahele.

Bait

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka stellate firmgeon e hele i ka maunu o ka protein, akā e loaʻa hou kekahi mau lāʻau ulu. Ma ka hana maikaʻi ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu e komo ai:
Kāpala

ʻoki liʻiliʻi ʻili o nā pua ʻili,
ulia capelin 7-10 cm lōʻihi,
Honolauleau
squid
pepona pipi.

E loaʻa ai i nā ʻano lau leʻa i lalo nā hopena maikaʻi:

lae porridge,
ʻōpala (ʻelua palaoa a ʻāpala,
palaoa a palaoa palaoa palaoa,
pi.

ʻO nā taktik lawaiʻa

He ʻano e nānā nui ʻole ke ʻano o ka stellate stabilgeon ma ke ala e pili ai i ka maunuʻu, ʻaʻole like me nā cyprinids like ʻole. Hōʻalo ka iʻa i ka maunuʻai i nā manawa he nui, e nānā pono iā ia ma nā ala āpau āpau. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea me ka lūlū liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka papahele. Pono ka māka lawaiʻa e hoʻomākaukau e hoʻolako i kahi ʻokiʻoki. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka wā e hoʻomaka koke ai ka neʻe e neʻe paha a i lalo paha.

Ke lawaiʻa ka lawaiʻa ma lalo o lalo, ʻo like ke ʻano o ka iʻa. ʻO ka luna ma nā manawa kūpono o ka hoʻokele stellate firmgeon e hoʻomaka e haʻalulu iki, a i ka wā e hoʻokaki ai, e kūlou maoli ana ia i kahi pana - ʻo ia ka manawa e pono ai no ka ʻoki ʻana.

ʻO nā minuke mua ma hope o ka hoʻopā ʻia o ka iʻa, ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka pāʻani. Pono e makaʻala loa ʻia a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻae i nā hana koʻikoʻi o ka paʻani stellate. I nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻokau i ka kaila, hiki i kahi mea kūʻai ikaika ke wāwahi i ka laina lawaiʻa a me nā lewa. Hiki i ka stellate stabilgeon ke hoʻopihapiha i ka ʻili, e waiho ana i ka lalo, e hoʻāʻo ana e kāpili iā ia i ka driftwood.

I kekahi hihia, mai hana wikiwiki i ka neʻe ʻana, pono e ana ʻia nā mea āpau e ʻike ʻia.ʻO nā hoʻāʻo āpau e hoʻoneʻe i ka iʻa i ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole i ka hohonu paha e hoʻihoʻi koke ʻia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā neʻe o ka laina lawaiʻa e kū kū pono i ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa, e ʻohi iki ʻoe i ka ʻai, e ʻohi lohi a huki iā ia i kahakai.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e nalowale i ke nānā ʻana, ʻoiai i ka manawa kahi e hoʻokokoke loa ai ka hana ʻana i ke kahakai.

He punee nui kēia ma luna o ka wai i ka wā i hōʻole ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao paʻakikī. Kēia ʻano ʻano hana ʻenehana i ka nalowale o ka hana.

ʻO Stellate firmgeon ka iʻa o ka ʻohana Sturgeon e noho ana i ka moana o Azov a me ke Kai Caspian. He wahi kai nui kēia, e noho ana i kahi kū waena ma waena o ka umauma a me ka sturgeon. Momona loa kā kāna ʻiʻo a no ka manawa lōʻihi ua hana ʻia kāna lawaiʻa ʻenehana. ʻO nā hopu paʻa ʻole i ka stellate paʻa paʻa paʻa, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana i ka wai hoʻolaʻa mokulele, ke kau nei i ka manaʻo ma ka lihi o ka luku. Inā ʻaʻole i loli ka kūlana, e nalowale loa nā ʻano o ka holoholona i loko o ka nahele, no ka mea i kēia manawa 90% o nā lehulehu ka mea i ulu ma ka hana.

Puberty

Loaʻa i nā mulona ka wā poperty ma ka makahiki 9-13 o nā makahiki, nā wahine - 11-17 mau makahiki. Hoʻokomo mua ʻo Azov stellate stabilgeon.

ʻĀnō ke ola

Hoʻalahalaha ka stellate paʻa

ʻO nā kīʻaha o nā kai ʻeleʻele, Azov a me Caspian. ʻO nā kahawai nui nui nā Urals, Volga, a me Kuban.

Mea ʻai

Hoʻohana nui ʻo Stellate firmgeon i nā iʻa, kekahi hapa mollusk a me nā mea pohihihi, nā makahiki 1-3 mau makahiki e ʻai ai i ka ʻōpio. ʻO nā keʻena, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 5 cm ka nui, e hānai nui i nā benthos ma Don Delta; ʻo kāna kīʻaha nui he chironomids, kumatsei a me tubifecids, a ʻoi aku ka nui (15 cm) - mysids. Ma ke Kuban, ʻo ka ʻai nui ka oligochaetes, nā laria chironomid a me nā mania; ma nā wahi i loko o ke kai - oligochaetes, copepod, gammarid. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ʻo Caspian, nui ka ʻai a stellate sturgeon i ka ʻōpala crustaceans a me ka chironomid larvae i ke kauwela, a i ka pūnāwai, ʻo ia ka iʻa: tyulka a me nā gobies.

Ke ulu nui nei nā wai'āpala, e hoʻonui ka ulu o nā meaʻaiʻai. I ka mahina mua o ka noho ʻana o ka wai ʻai ma ka kai, e hānai nui ana ia i ka amphipods (89% o ka nui o ka meaʻai). ʻO kaʻai nui o nā wai o ka wai iʻoi aku ma mua o 10 cm he nui ka nui o nā mysids (56-70%). Ka hona o ka waiwai nui o ka wai i loko o ka wai: i loko o ka muliwai ua hānai nui ʻo ia i ka pō (22-24 mau hola), a i loko o ke kai - i ka lā (12-16 mau hola).

Ma ka wai wai, hānai iki nui ʻole ʻia. ʻO ke kai ka holo ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka lele.

Kāleka stellar

Kanikau

ʻAno hānau

ʻO ka stawate stellate stabilgeon ma Don i hele i kahi 200-860 km mai ke kai. Lawe ʻia ʻo Masonry i nā kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi paha. Holo ka piʻi koke o ka pū wai paʻa i ka wai - 15-30 km i kēlā me kēia lā, pale ai i nā wai ikaika a pili i nā hohonu hohonu. Ke kokoke mai nei ka manawa palu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i waho o ka wai ("hahau kī ʻia"), kīhai i ka ʻōpū me ka wai. Ke neʻe nei i ka muliwai, spring stellate firmgeon e hoʻopau pinepine i kahi. ʻO ka manawa noho loa ma kahi kahawai me ka kahe o ka holo ʻana ma mua o 1 m / s ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau hola). Kū iki ʻo ia e hoʻomaha malū i nā lā i loko o nā kua wai a me nā waiʻai, kahi e hōʻuluʻulu ai ʻo ia i nui. ʻO ka hana ikaika loa ʻana i ka stellate stabilgeon e hōʻike iā ia iho i ka wanaʻao a me ka pō. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka hala o ka puna wai stellate paʻa i loko o ka muliwai ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 2 mau mahina. ʻO nā wahine o ka wā mua a me ka hopena o ka puna stellate stabilgeon e 'koke koke' ana, a ʻo nā kāne aia i ka māka ala no ka hapanui o nā manawa holomua (1.5-2 mau mahina). I ka hopena, ma ka waena o ka puhi kala, 6-8 kāne ma kēlā me kēia wahine, ma ka pau ʻana o ka puhi ʻana, ua hōʻea ke ʻano o nā kāne ma luna o 1: 12–1: 15 ʻO nā kāne o ka hoʻoilo a me nā wā puna wai stellate ua paʻa i ka lōʻihi loa ma ka kahawai. ʻO ka hoa wahine o nā wā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo a me ka wana mua punaʻo stellate stabilgeon, a me nā kāne o ka puna wai o ka puna wai me ko lākou "iwi" a me nā wahine o ka puna wai i ka puna o ka puna.

Lohi Volga kau ka hale puʻu i noho ma waena o Vladimirovka a me Dubovka, a i loko pū hoʻi o ka loko o ka muliwai. Akhtuba. Komi kekahi mau stellate firmgeon ma ka holo, mai ka hopena o Mei a Iulai, i ka hohonu o 1.5-2 m, ʻoiai kekahi - ma ke kumu Volga, ma luna o ka lāʻau, ma kahi hohonu o 9-13 m, mai ka hapalua o Iune a ʻAukake. Hāpai ka hapa nui o nā kāne i ka Volga i nā makahiki he 10-12, akā ma waena o nā kāne holo i laila he mau makahiki mai 5 a 17 paha. I ka Volga stellate stabilgeon ʻaʻole e kū i kiʻekiʻe e like me nā migratory stabilgeon ʻē aʻe.

AT Kālai aia nā ʻano like like ʻelua o ka stellate stadate e like me ka Volga; a ʻo ka manawa o ko lākou ala ka mea like. Ma nā ʻalslani lalo loa, i kikoo i ka hapa lua o Mei.

ʻO ka papa wai ma ka Taganrog Bay a hiki i lalo Don Hoʻomaka ia i ka waena o ʻApelila - mua o Mei a hoʻopau i ka lua o ka mahina o Iune - ka hoʻomaka o Iulai, ua ikaika loa ʻo Mei, ʻo ka hopena o ka wā lūlū e hele mai ana i ka hopena o ʻAukake-ka mua o Kepakemapa a hiki i ka hopena o Nowemapa-mua o Dekemaba, ka hopena nui loa ma ka malama o Kepakemapa, ʻOkakopa a me ka mahina o Nowemapa. AT Kuban hiki mai i loko o kahi uku nui. ʻO Kuba stellate sturgeon, e like me ka Kuban ram, bream, pike perch, ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ka Don stellate, ka ulu ʻana o ka stailate Kuban uka e loaʻa ana ma Mei-ʻAkake, ua ulu ka ulu o nā iwi stellate ʻelua. -2 mau makahiki i mua o Don.

AT Danube hoʻomaka ka papa ma Malaki-ʻApelila a mau a hiki i Nowemapa-Kekemapa, e hoʻoneʻe ana a i kū paha i Iulai-September. ʻO ka papa ma ka Don e lawe i 4.2-24.5 ° C, ka nui ma ka awelika o ka 14.4-17.4 ° C. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau, ua hoʻāla ʻia nā kāne, i ka wā o ka papa ʻana o ka nui o nā wahine. Ka loli ʻana o ka hua momona o Kuban stellate stellate mai 84.8 (lōʻihi 124 cm) a 471.7 (lōʻihi 152 cm), kahi awelika o 200 mau huaʻoki ʻoki. ʻO ka lālani Caviar, 2.8-3 mm ka lōʻihi, e hoʻopili ana i nā pebbles. Ka loli nui o ka stellate stabilgeon mai 53 a 916 mano oʻa.

Puberty

He hiki i ka wahine ʻo Kuba ke ʻano stellate stellate stature e hoʻomaka ana mai ka wā o 4, ʻo nā wahine mai ka makahiki 7.

Hoʻohui i ka hoʻolālā kūkaʻi

ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka Embryonic ma kahi haʻahaʻa loa (15 ° C) e mau ana ma kahi o 6 mau lā. Ma kahi mahana o 25 ° C, hatch nā embryos ma hope o 55-60 hola. ʻO nā koʻo haole a mua a me ka stellate stellate larvae (5-17 mm) i loko o ka Ural delta i puka i ka lua o ke kolu o Mei paha. Pēlā pū me ka ʻōlule, ua loaʻa ka mauʻaila i ka mea hānai ikaika (43 mm) i hopu ʻia. Ke hoʻololi nei i ka ululāʻau stellate ululāʻau i ka ʻai ikaika hoʻomaka i ka lā 5 - 9 lā ma hope o ka hatching i ka lōʻihi o 18-19 mm. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōhua Benthic i ka meaʻai i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka nui o ka 1-2 mm, oligochaetes, polychaetes, korofiids, gammarids, mysids, larvae a chironomid pupae (ma kahi kikoʻī). I nā makahiki mua o Iune, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi mai 21-43 mm me ka paona o 88-307 mg.

Hele pinepine ka nui o ka hopena i ka mahina a Iune. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻōkole i ka hopena o ka mahina e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka 1,1-1.3 g. I ke kahakaha ʻana i ka wai, noho mau ka stellate Stefateon i loko o ka wahi i kūkulu ʻia no ka mea pōkole, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e noho ma ke kai.

ʻĀina waiwai

ʻO Stellate sturgeon ka waiwai kālepa i waiwai nui loa, ʻo ia ka nui o ka mea i heke. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou e nā ʻupena maʻa a me nā hōʻino āpau. Mālama ʻia nā lāʻau ma o ka hana hoʻouluulu ma nā hatcheries. Mea ʻono loa ka ʻiʻo i ka hoʻāʻo. Mākaukau ʻia i loko o kahi hiehina a i kaʻaila hau, a ʻo nā ʻīkela e hoʻohana ʻia i mākaukau i ka hoʻomaha a me ka caviar granular, hui pinepine ʻia me nā caviar stabilgeon ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka papa inoa ʻĀina IUCN.

Hōʻikeʻike:
1. N. Svetovidov. Nā ʻāpana o ke Kaiʻula. Moscow-Leningrad, 1965
2. L. S. Berg. ʻO nā iʻa wai wai o ka USSR a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Māhele 1. ʻ 4.lelo 4. Moscow, 1948
3. Lebedev V. D., Spanovskaya V. D., Savvaitova K. A., Sokolov L. I., Tsepkin E. A. Nā iʻa USSR. Moscow, Thought, 1969
4. ʻO nā pua i ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina o Volga o lalo: I 3 mau puke. Alii 1. ka hui like o ichthyofauna, nā ʻano kumu o ke aʻo ʻana / E.V. Zavyalov, A.B. Ruchin, G.V. Shlyakhtin et al. - Saratov: Hale Hōʻikeʻike Sarat. University, 2007 .-- 208 s: ill.
5. Nā Uila o Kazakhstan: 5 tons / Mitrofanov V.P., Dukravets G.M., Peseridi N.E. et al. - ʻAmelika-Ata: Nauka, 1986. T. 1. Lampreys, Sturgeons, Herring , Salmon, Pike. - 272 p.

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