Pehea e ike ai
ʻO ka nui ka nui loa ma waena o nā primates mua o Hawaiʻi. Ka lōʻihi o ke kino 568–698 mm (awelika 607, n = 10). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 51-65 mm (ma ka awelika 56, / 7 = 10). ʻO ka lehulehu o kahi manawa he 6.2 kg. ʻO ka vsegobesenopodobny o waho. Ua puni ʻoe i ke poʻo me ka muzzle liʻiliʻi elongated, pale ʻia ka lauoho.
Na nui o nā maka. Nui nā pepeiao, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho. Hāpā ʻia nā wāwae, me nā wāwae hind iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mua. He pōkole ke kāʻei mua o nā forelimb a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā koena.
Ma nā wāwae o ka hind, ua ākea nui ka manamana lima a kūʻē loa i nā manamana lima ʻehā, i hoʻoili ʻia ma ke kumu o ka ʻili. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā manamana lima me nā kui.
ʻO ka lauoho ma ke kua ke kiʻekiʻe, ākea, silky, ma ka ʻōpū e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Kaʻaina kino o ke kino i nā waihoʻoluʻu o ke hina hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele me nā ʻano nui like ʻole i nā mea like ʻole. ʻEleʻele kekahi, aia keʻokeʻo kekahi.
ʻO ke poʻo, nā pepeiao, ke kua a me nā foreleg e ʻeleʻele. Aia nā poʻo o ka lauoho ma ka pepeiao. ʻO kahi wahi keʻokeʻo nui, ka mea maʻamau e uhi ana i nā ʻaoʻao luna o nā wāwae hind, e kū ma hope o ke kaʻe. Aia ka ʻie laryngeal e lawelawe ai kahi resonator
Noho kahi e noho ai
Mahele ʻia ma nā kahawai hika kahiki o Hawaiʻi, ma waena o ke kai ʻo Antonjil i ke kūkulu ʻākau a me ke kahawai ʻo Masora ma ka hema a me ka palena ʻohe i kau lāʻau mauna i ke komohana. Kūleʻa nui ka pae.
E noho ana nā kumu kū ʻōiwi kai mai ke kai a hiki i ka 1800 m ma luna o kona kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia e nā hui ʻohana o 3-5 kanaka. E alakaʻi i ke ʻano hana like ʻona
ʻĀlelo ola a me Biology
Hoʻoiho i ka lā. Hoʻolālā pinepine lākou i ka uē nui. ʻAi lākou i nā lau, nā hua a me nā pua. I loko o ka ʻohana, hoʻokahi pākani i hoʻokahi mau makahiki ʻekolu.
He haʻahaʻa loa ka lahui i nā wahi āpau - ma nā wahi kūpono i ke ola indri, ma kahi o ʻekolu kanaka no ka 100 ha. ʻO ka wahine e lawe i hoʻokahi pākahi i hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO 5 a me 6 mau mahina.
Nā kiʻi nui: Indri a pōkole - Indri indri Gmelin, 1788
Noho ʻo Indri ʻeleʻele i luna o nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma ke kahakai hikina o Hawaiʻi i nā ʻalā ʻōlima mauna e piʻi ana i ka 1,500 mau ʻaoʻao ma luna o ke kai. Ma muli o ka ʻīlio e like me ka muzzle a me ka leo nui e like me ke ʻīlio hakakā ʻana, e kapa ʻia nā ʻōiwi o Hawaiʻi (Malgash) nā ʻīlio manuahi. ![]()
ʻO ke kaili lāʻau pōkole ʻeleʻele kahi ʻano semi-mony nui, ke kala o ke kapa ʻalulu, kūleʻa a silky, ʻokoʻa nui a kū ka ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke keʻokeʻo, akā ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo. Pono ke lōʻihi o ke kino ke 70 cm, a kaupaʻa ʻo Indri a hiki i ka 6-7, ʻaʻohe paʻa a 10 kg. ʻO ka paona kino kino o ka wahine ʻōpio ua 6.8 kilograms a ʻo kahi kāne ʻōpio he 5.8 kilograms
Ua puni ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele i ka kala, ʻōleʻeluʻu, he lauoho. He nui nā pepeiao, me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele o ka lauoho, nui nā maka, ʻulaʻulaʻula.
Hōʻā nā wāwae a lōʻihi loa, ua pōkole ka lā, ʻo kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka 3-4 cm. He pōkole ka manamana mua ma nā wāwae mua a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaha ʻehā. Mai nā wīlū o ka mua no ka ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ke kino, hohola ʻo indri i kahi ʻulaʻili.
Ke alakaʻi nei ke kaʻe ʻekepono i loko o ka lā a me ke ʻano hana ola, a ma kā lākou ʻano, ua like lākou me ka gibbons.
Mālama lākou i nā lei aliʻi o ka canopy o ka nahele, ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o luna o 10-15 m. ʻO Indri piʻi i nā kumulā, e hoʻopili lohi i nā lālā, koho me nā wāwae āpau: mua a i hope. ʻOi loa ka hapalua o ko lākou mau wāwae ikaika i ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ko lākou mau lima, a no laila hiki iā Indri ke neʻe ma kahi kīhāpai laʻa ma ke kākoʻo kūlia i kahi kūlana kūpaʻa a hiki i ka pīhoihoi a kokoke i nā lele kuʻuna mai kekahi lāʻau a i kekahi a hiki i 10 mau mika. E piʻi maʻalahi ʻo Indri i kahi lāʻau o lalo, akā iho wale i lalo o ke kāula.
Laʻa ʻĀpihi ʻEleʻele iʻeleʻele - holoholona holoholona i noho i nā ʻohana. I kahi ʻohana o nā keiki he 2-4 a emi iki, ʻoi mau a hiki i 6. ʻO ka wahine no ka mana nui ka alakaʻi i ka hui, hoʻokahi wale nō o nā holoholona holoholona hānai.
He territorial ka nui o kēia ʻano, akā he wahi ʻokoʻa i wahi e pili ana i nā wahi o nā ʻohana ʻohana pili kokoke. Ma kahi o kahi lā e hele ai ka pūʻulu ma kahi o nā wahi o kāna pūnaewele ma kahi o 300 a 700 700, a me nā wahi o ke kahua a me nā hekeleka he 18 hekeleka. ʻO ka pale ʻāina e hana i nā kāne makua. Hōʻailona lākou i ke keʻa me ke kōkua o ko lākou urine, a me nā mea huna o nā mea huna o nā kelepona kūikawā i loaʻa ma kā lākou muzzle. Ua kau nā hui i kā lākou mau hua olfactory ma nā wahi palena ma kā lākou wahi.
Hoʻopaʻa ka hui āpau i kāna wahi e hoʻohana ana i nā kīʻī "kaua". Hoʻohana ʻia ka mele mele nui ma nā wahi a pau o ke kolamu o ka hui, akā no ka mea maikaʻi loa a kani pinepine ʻia - mai nā poʻo o nā kumulāʻau.
Hana ʻia kēia hīmeni e nā lālā o ka hui, akā hoʻomaka ka mele a nā wahine pākeke ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui, "huki" ʻoi hou aku ia a hoʻomaka mai ka hoʻomaka. I ka manawa like, ʻimi wale nā poʻe ʻōpio i nā kekona mua o ke mele, e hoʻopuka ana i kahi e kani ai, he hapalua (nā makahiki 3-6 mau makahiki) e komo i ka mele a hiki i ka hopena o kāna hapalua mua. I ka wā e hīmeni ʻia ai kahi mele e ka hui holoʻokoʻa, i kekahi manawa e unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano. ʻO ke mele ponoʻī kahi 60 i ka 150 kekona a nona nā pahuhopu holomua a pehea paha e ʻano like ke 500 a 6000 hertz. ʻO ka leo nui o kēia mau holoholona ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o kahi ʻāʻā i ka hope kihi e waiho ana ma hope o ka trachea. Mahalo iā ia, hiki ke lohe ʻia ka mele ʻo indri akā maikaʻi a lele ʻia ma mua o 2 km. ![]()
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia kāhea e ke ʻano o ke kani ʻana i waena o nā ʻohana, a ʻo kēlā me kēia hui e ʻike maʻalahi i kāna mele ʻano. ʻO ke alapine me kahi hui e kāhea ai i kēia kelepili ke hilinaʻi i ka manawa, ke ʻano a me ka kokoke o nā pūʻulu pili. Ma ka ua, hoʻomaka ke mele mele a Indri, akā hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia e ke mele pinepine ʻana i nā lā i ka wā i hoʻōlo a ʻike ʻia nā ʻike.
Ke hoʻokipa nei ke mele i ke kakahiaka, hana ka mele e hōʻike i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ko lākou wahi i kēia manawa. ʻO kēlā mele kahi mele, e like me ke kānāwai, e paipai ana i kahi hui kokoke e hīmeni hope a laila lohe ʻia nā poʻe mele o nā hui ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ka hana o nā mele ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio i ka mālama ʻana i ke kūkaʻi, lawelawe e hoʻohui hou i nā lālā kuikahi wale ʻana o ka hui, a he pane no ka ʻike mua i ka ea, nā mokulele a me ka hekili. He hiki paha i kēia ʻōleʻa ke hoʻomaopopo pū e pili ana i ke kūlana hoʻohuli o nā lālā o ka hui.
Ua haʻalele ʻole kekahi mau kāne hoʻokahi i nā palena teritori a holo holoholo ʻole ma ka ʻāina o nā pūʻulu like ʻole. Hoʻohui paha kēia ʻano hana me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoa kāne e hana i kāu ʻohana ponoʻī.
E hiamoe ana ʻo Indri ma nā lāʻau, e piʻi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe mai 30 a 100 mau wāwae, aʻo ke neʻe e kahakaha ana ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o kēia wahi i kahi mamao o 100 mika. ʻO kā lākou hiamoe pinepine i nā kākoʻo pae. I ka wā hiamoe, mau lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae ma o nā lālā, a kūlou mau ko lākou poʻo ma waena o nā kuli. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hiamoe pū me ʻelua mau kānaka, akā ʻaʻoleʻoi aʻe ma mua o ʻelua. Indri cubs, a hiki i ko lāua mau makahiki lua o ke ola, hiamoe pū me kā lāua mau makuahine, a ma hope hope e moe me ka ʻōpiopio ka ʻōpiopio me ke kāne kāne (makua kāne o ke kulana. ʻAʻole ʻae ka wahine i ka wā moe e pili kokoke ana i ke kāne kokoke a hoʻopaʻa iā ia inā ke hoʻokokoke ʻo ia iā ia ma kahi kokoke.
Hoʻomaʻakaʻa nā lālā o ka pūʻulu ma hope o ke ala ʻana, ʻauamo ʻana, a hoʻomaka e hoʻopau i ka punaʻai kūpono loa a kokoke loa i ka meaʻai, pinepine ma ka lāʻau i kahi a lākou i moe ai. A laila hoʻopau nā lālā o ka hui, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kā lākou mau palani, e kū maʻamau ma luna o ke kākoʻo hoʻokahi. A laila e hoʻomaka hou e hānai, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau a lākou e hana ai i ka hapa nui o ke ao: 30 a 60% o ka hana i indri e pili pū me ka hānai. Akā i ka manawa i loaʻa ʻole kahi kumu o ka mea kanu, ua kaʻahele ʻia ka hui ma kahi e kokoke ana iā ʻoe.
E hānai nui ʻo Indri i nā lau, a me nā huaʻai, nā nati, nā wana o nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā pua. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻano i kahi ʻōmole niho o 2: 1: 3: 3.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ma Mantady National Park, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka pāʻina indri ma loko o nā pua pihi. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea ʻai no 63 nā mea kanu mai 39 genera a me nā ʻohana 19: (Bronohiura sp.) Rara, Menahihy (Campylospermum sp.), Voapaka (Uapaca sp.), Hazinina (Symphonia sp.), Molopangady (Alberta sp.), Zanamalotra (Dialium. sp.), Tarantana (Rhus tarantana), Mampay (Cynometra sp.), Sadodokʻala (Gaertnera sp.), a me Ramy (Canarium madagascariensis) aia i Betampona Natural Reserve. Ma Anjanaharibe-Sud Indri, no ka hapa nui, e ʻai i nā hua momona o Vongomena (Symphonia sp.), Vahamivohotra, Vongo (Symphonia clusoides), nā pihi o Tavolo (Ravensara madagascariensis), a me nā pua o Tafonana (Mespilodaphne faucheri), akā he mea kanu nā ʻohana Geraca lāua ʻo Leraca. mea ʻai nui.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua ʻai aku nā kāne i nā hua he nui, aʻo nā wahine e ʻai ʻōpio i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Mālama pū ʻia nā ʻōleʻa no ka manawa pōkole loa a hoʻopau i ka ʻai i nā lohi ma mua o nā wahine pākeke a me kā lākou keiki ʻōpio.
Mahele ʻia ka weluwelu o nā holoholona a me nā lau mai ka lāʻau me ko lākou mau lima, akā hana pinepine lākou i ka hua i loko o ka waha a laila hoʻoneʻe i ka lima.
Noho ka nohona ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka lauoho o ka hoa, nā pāʻani, ka huhū a me ka hoʻonaninani ka mea a noho wale ma kahi o 2% (6-13 mau minuke) i kā lākou hana o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka pāʻani pālani i ka hapa nui i ʻike ʻia i waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā ʻano: ka hakakā, ka hulahula a me nā hakakā pāʻani pāʻani agonistic. Nā hakakā pāʻani pāʻani i waena o nā ʻōpio hiki ke lōʻihi mai kekahi mau kekona a 15 mau minuke a ʻike ʻia i ka mahina o ke kauwela (mai Dekemaba a Malaki).
Hōʻike ʻia ka leo leo leo ʻōlelo Indri e ka nui o nā hōʻailona leo. No ka laʻana, e ʻā ʻo Indri i ka wā e pilikia ai a hana paha iā ia ke kani ʻana o ka "honi" kiki ke hōʻike ʻana i nā leʻaleʻa. Kau pinepine ʻia ka leo leki leo a paʻi ʻia e nā lālā o ka hui. He ʻōkuhi hōʻailona kēlā i ka wā e nānā ai i nā mea wīwī ea. Hiki ke lohe ʻia ʻo Wheezing ke makaʻu maoli a makaʻu ʻole ʻia kekahi kanaka. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Indri me kahi puʻupuʻu maʻalahi, kahi i hoʻoiho ʻia i ka wā e makaʻu ai ke kanaka a makaʻu ʻia me kekahi mea, a like kekahi mau leo me nā ʻū o nā makaʻu.
Ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kā lākou huluhulu a me nā hulu o kēlā me kēia, ua hoʻopau ka Indri i ka ʻai, ma mua o ka noho ʻana no ka hiamoe a kakahiaka. I ke ahiahi, hoʻomaha lākou i kahi pose e noho ana, ma ka moe a me ka hiamoe. ʻO Indri, e like me ka sifaks, ke kau nei i ka lā wela, e mālama pinepine i ko lākou mau wāwae mua i mua o lākou, e like me ke kū pono i ka lā. No laila, e noʻonoʻo nā poʻe kamaʻāina o Hawaiʻi i nā holoholona kapu indri a me sifaki e hoʻomana ana i ka lā, mai ʻimi ʻole lākou.
Hiki iā Indri ke neʻe i luna o ka ʻāina: lele lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae hind, e hāpai ana i nā wāwae mua ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo no ke kaulike.
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻia o ka indri. He pilina pilikino ʻo Indri. Mea pinepine ka hele ʻana ma waena o Dekemaba a me Malaki. ʻO ke kāne, ʻoiai e ʻohi ana i kahi wahine i mākaukau no ka ʻaʻa ʻana, kuʻi nui ʻo ia iā ia a kālai ka ʻōpū o ka wahine i mua o ka moe ʻana.Hōʻike pinepine ka Mating indri ma kahi lālā i kahi kūlana. I kēia hihia, kau ʻia ka wahine ma lalo o kahi lālā me nā wāwae ākea ākea, a hana ʻia ka moemoe ma ke kūlana ventro-abdominal.
Noho ʻia ka hānau ʻana i Mei a Iune, akā i kekahi manawa, a ma hope, a hiki i ʻAukake. ʻO 120 ka lā 150 mau lā lohi ʻia. I ka manawa hānau, ua nui nā niho, ua wehe nā maka. Loaʻa nā pēpē i ʻāpana o ka ʻili i ka ʻeleʻele me nā wahi keʻokeʻo (ma lalo o nā ʻāpana dorsal, nā ʻaoʻao o nā lima, ka pūhima, ke kihi a me ka lae).
I ka wā mua, e hālohelohe ana ka wahine ʻo Indri mai lalo o kona ʻōpū, akā i ka manawa e 4 nanea ana o ke keiki i ka 4 mau makahiki, ua neʻe ʻo ia i kona huli. Hoʻokahi wahine i ka pā wahine pālua. Ua pau ka male helu ʻana i nā makahiki hoʻokahi.
Hiki i ka ʻōpio ke noho kūʻokoʻa i ka neʻe ʻana o kona mau makahiki he 8 mau makahiki, akā noho mau ʻo ia i ka pilina o kona makuahine i hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi a ke hoʻomau nei lākou i kahi pilina pili. I ke makahiki hoʻokahi, hōʻike kekahi ʻōpio Indri i kahi ʻano kaʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia pololei a hiki nō iā ia ke helu i nā ala holomua.
I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, hānau mai ka wahine i hoʻokahi cub, e waiho nei me ka makuahine no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i ka manawa o ka hou ʻana o ke ʻōpala hou, ʻaʻole lāua e hānau i kēlā me kēia makahiki hoʻokahi, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia 2 a 3 mau makahiki paha.
ʻO ke kanaka makua ʻōpio ʻoi aku ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa i mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ko lākou ʻohana.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ka indri ma ke ʻano he 20-25 mau makahiki. Pau loa nā ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo ʻana o Indri, akā hopohopo paha ka nui o nā manu nui o ka ʻai, a me ka nui o nā manu momona, a me ka waiwai nui i make ma luna o lākou.
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui nui ʻo Indri ke kanaka no ka luku ʻia o nā wahi noho (kaū ʻana no ka wahie a me ka noho ʻana o ka ʻāina i waiho no ka mahiʻai) a me ka hopohopo mau. ʻŌlelo ʻia, aia kā kekahi mau ʻohana Hawaiʻi i hopu i ka maile manuʻīwili a aʻo iā lākou e like me nā ʻīlio no ka hopu ʻana.
ʻAʻole ʻo ka Indri e hōʻino ʻia e ka poʻe ʻokalua ma muli o ka pā mai ("fady"). Eia naʻe, aia nō kahi hōʻike līlū mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe e ʻimi nei i kēia mau holoholona. Ua hōʻemi ʻia kahi pākē liʻiliʻi ma ka makahiki 1984, i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai, ua helu nui kekahi mau limahana Kina e hana ana i ke ala mai Antananarivo a Tamatawa i kūʻai ai i ka ʻai no ka ʻiʻo, me he mea laʻala.
I nā makahiki 1900, he mea maʻamau ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka mea hele ʻole e hele ai kekahi mai Tamatawa a hiki i Antanarivo e lohe ʻole ʻia ai kā lākou kāhea ʻana. Ma ka makahiki 1960, ua emi ka nui o Indri ma muli o ka hoʻopunipuni. He waiwai haʻahaʻa maoli ʻo Indri i kēia manawa a liʻiliʻi loa ko lākou heluna, ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahi, a ua luku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kūlohelohe, no laila ua helu ʻia nā ʻano ma loko o ka Red Book. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pale iā lākou, he mau holoholona koʻikoʻi loa ka lula a manaʻo nō ka poʻe loea e aneane ʻaʻole e nalo wale ʻia mai ka honua aku i loko o 100 mau makahiki inā he mau mea ʻole ka mālama ʻana.
ʻElua mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele o Indri ʻĀkina i kū ʻia i ka kala o ka ʻili.
ʻO Indri indri indri: kēlā me kēia o nā subspecies ka nui o ka maka me ka maka keʻokeʻo a ākea.
ʻO Indri indri variegatus: he kūloko kuhihewa kēia subspecies a me kahi koka keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele a ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo paha nā ʻaoʻao waho o nā wāwae a me nā lima i lalo.
Share
Pin
Send
Share
Send
|