Aia ka Caucasus ma Eurasia, a e uhi pū i kahi wahi nui. He wahi mauna kēia me nā mokuna kūlohelohe:
- Ma ke komohana, ua holoi ʻia e ka wai o kā ʻAzov me Black.
- Ma ka hikina, e palena ia ma ka ʻāina i kahi loko nui o ka wai - ʻo ke kai Caspian.
- ʻO ka palena ʻākau ʻo ka hopohopo ʻo Kumo-Manych, e kū ana mai ke Kai Caspian a hiki i ka Kerch Strait a me Azov.
- Ma ke kūkulu hema, aia nā Caucasus i nā palena maʻamau me Armenia, Georgia a me Azerbaijan. Holo ka laina ʻāpana ma ke kahawai o ka ʻAlani Volcanic kiʻekiʻe a me ka muliwai Araks.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka Caucasus, ʻo ka Main a me Dividing Range a me Side Ridge paha e kū i waho. Ma kēia ʻāpana o nā wahi i loaʻa nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa - ka kaulana "ʻelima mau tausani". ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā kaʻe, nā ʻōpala o nā papa.
Kuhi. 1. Kaheʻe walo.
ʻO ka Caucasus ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo ka Russia wale nō a me ia nō hoʻi ma ʻEulopa - ʻo Mount Elbrus (5642 m). ʻO kēia ka lua pele i hoʻokahi o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka honua. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hopu ʻo ia i nā mea hoʻokūkū, nā piʻi, nā mea mākaʻikaʻi a me nā poʻe a pau e makemake wale nō i nā mea hoʻoneʻe i ka mauna hoʻopoina ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona
Aia ka Caucasus ma ka palena o nā ʻelua kūlohelohe: hūʻai a me ka subtropical. Ua loaʻa nā mea kiʻekiʻe o nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke aniani i kēia ʻāina. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā mauna ʻelima mau kumuwaiwai i nā kihi hema mai nā makani ikaika, a lawe nā ʻūhā ʻūhā i ka nui o nā ʻōhiu anuanu. A ke kumu, hiki ke loaʻa i nā hoʻoheheʻe nui ma ka māhele Lūkia o ka Caucasus i ka manawa like, ʻoiai e noho aliʻi ana ka mahana a me ka maloʻo ma Kaukaole.
ʻO ka zonation altitudinal, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻia i kēlā mau mauna kiʻekiʻe, pono ke nānā ʻia.
- ulu ka ulu o subtropical i nā awāwa
- ma luna, ua hoʻomaka ka ulu lāʻau hoʻomalu a me ka coniferous.
- Ke piʻi nei i nā mauna, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ululāʻau e nā ʻōpala alpine,
- ukali ma kahi o na mose a me na laikini
- ua uhi ʻia nā wahi kihi o nā mauna ʻo Caucasus i ka hau a me ka hau ma ka makahiki.
Kuhi. 2. Meʻa ʻāpā o Alpine.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka Caucasus
Ma muli o kona wahi kikoʻī a me ka nui o ka hoʻomaha, he ʻano kū maoli ka Caucasus. Eia, ma kahi aʻe kekahi, aia nā wao coniferous ākea a me nā nahele ākea palahalaha, nā ʻāpana alpine a me nā nāwaliwali haʻahaʻa.
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻalopona ʻākau e ke anuanu o ke anuanu, a ʻo ke ākea o ka mauna i kēia mau mauna e hōʻike ʻia e kahi loli nui i nā ʻenima kūlohelohe. Ka uhi ʻia o ka hau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o nā Kaiāwi Caucasus i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2800 m.
ʻO ka fauna o ka Caucasus ka mea e pono ai ka pale kanaka. Nui nā ʻelemaka o nā fauna kūloko ma kahi hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana, a me kekahi mau holoholona - tigers, moose, bison.
Nā Kupa o ka Caucasus
He wahi ʻano ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o kēia ʻāina ma kahi ʻano he kanalima. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kānaka o ka ʻĀkau Kaukau. ʻO Laks, Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, Chechens a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i hoʻoikaika pū i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi no nā makahiki he nui. ʻOiai he mea nui ia i hiki iā kēlā me kēia ke kaha i mālama i kahi moʻomeheu like ʻole a "ʻaʻole" e haʻalele "i loko o ka cauldron maʻamau o nā kānaka Caucasian.
Kuhi. 3. Ka poʻe kānaka o ka Caucasus.
ʻA Azerbaijanis, ʻAmelika, a me Kelemania noho ma Transcaucasia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā ka mana ʻōiwi o kēia mau ʻāina i ka ʻokoʻa, a he helu nui o Ossetian, ʻAbekhazian, Kurds, Mountain Jewish, a me Tatian e noho ana ma ʻaneʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻomana kūlike o ka lāhui o ka Caucasus ka hoʻomana Islam, i hōʻike ʻia e nā lālā Sunni a me Shiite. ʻO ka lua kahi e pili ana i ka Karistiano Orthodox, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e Georgians, ʻAmenians, Ossetians.
Hoʻoikaika
ʻO ka hoʻomaha wale nō i lilo ma ke kumu no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wahi i makemake ʻia i 8 mau ʻāpana i kēia loiloi. ʻO ke ʻano o ka Caucasus e wehewehe ʻia ma kēia zoning. ʻOiai ma ka Proterozoic kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka mokulele i loaʻa i ke wahi i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ala o nā mea kūlohelohe e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kēlā me kēia. Ma muli o ke kaʻina o ke kaʻina kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me nā pāpū, ia e kūkākūkā ʻia, ʻelua mau wahi nui - ka pāpū Scythian a me 3 nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ʻo ʻAsia -ia - ua lilo i palena (ma waena o lākou ka Nui Caucasus me nā peaks ʻelua, alakaʻi ʻia e ka wāwahi i ka ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana 3. ʻO ka pākuʻi Transcaucasian kokoke loa he wahi ia o ka ʻōnaehana hiʻona. ʻAulemania (me ka Caucasus ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi). Ma waena o nā ʻano loiloi o ke komohana hema a me ka ʻākau, ʻo ia ʻo Colchis Lowland (ʻo ka palena o ka Caucasus nui a me ka Leta, ʻo ia kahi o ka Riono-Kurinsky Depression). Akā ʻaʻole ia he pale ʻoki. ʻO ia hoʻi, i ka hema, e hele ka "ʻohe" i ka hapalua hohonu o ka pohō kaumaha. Noho mau ke kuhikuhi ʻo ka palena komohana o ka pae ʻāina o ka pae ʻāina he kahua e komo ai i loko o ke kai. ʻO kēia ka ʻaoʻao Azov-Kuban (hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe mai 100 a 0 0 mika). Hoʻololi nui ʻia kāna hydrocola e nā ʻĀnī manuana a me nā estuaries. Eia naʻe, aia kahi ʻāpana hohonu e hōʻike ana i ka ʻatikala. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka ʻāpana nui o ka puʻu Caspian Ua hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka Kaʻu ʻana i kona helehelena mai ke kūkulu ʻākau-komohana a hiki i ke hema-hikina ma 1,160 mau kilomita, akā mai ke kūkulu ʻākau a i hema hema e pae ana ka nui o nā kahawai kipa i luna o 600 km.
Pūnaewele
ʻO kahi wahi i kūleʻa o ke Kauka Kahiko ʻĀpana i hāpau i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻano kūlohelohe kūʻokoʻa me kahi anuanu a me ke anuanu. Nui nā wai ma kēia ʻāina: ka mauna a me ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa, hohonu a pāpio hoʻi, hoʻomau a mālie. Ua kaulana kēia ʻāina no nā māla momona, kahi kahi māla a me nā mea kanu, nā hua kanu, nā pā waina, nā pālaʻi a me nā ʻihi, me nā ʻano pua like ʻole, e ulu maikaʻi ana.
Akā ʻo ke kumu nui o nā helehelena, ʻo ke ʻano, me nā kuahiwi o ke Kauka ʻĀkau o Hilo ma ka lōʻihi he 1,100 mau kilomita. ʻO nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Caucasus: Mount Elbrus - 5642 mau kiʻekiʻe a ʻo Kazbek - 5032 mau mika.
Nui nā pūnāwai wai waiwai i loaʻa i kēia ʻāina manawaleʻa; ma kēia mau wahi ua wehe ʻia nā hokele i loaʻa i ke kaulana honua a me ka hoʻonani i nā kūlanakauhale o ke Kauka ʻĀkau: Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk. He ʻokoʻa nā punawai hōʻola o nā hale kanu ʻo ia i kā lākou hoʻohui mineral a me ke kauwela, akā he mea maikaʻi loa ia. Ma muli o ke kūlana o ka ʻona ʻĀkau o North Caucasus, ua mālama ʻia nā wahi kūlohelohe, ma kahi o nā pua a me nā manu.
Ma ka wahi kikoʻī, ʻo ke Kauka ʻo Kauka kahi hui o nā pāpū a me nā kuahiwi, nā subtropika haʻalulu a me nā ʻoni ala. ʻO Derbent, Arkhyz, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki - kēia mau inoa o nā kaona o ka ʻĀkau o North Caucasus i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e mahalo i ka wahi no kona ʻano ʻulaʻula a me ka hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻana o nā kamaʻāina. Eia kekahi, kahi kiki o ka ʻāina i ʻekolu kai: ʻo ka ʻeleʻele, Azov a me Caspian. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe ma kēia ʻāina i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka nui o nā waihona a me nā kīpili, nui i ka nui geothermal, mālama ʻia o nā ore metala, uranium ores, nā mea nui ulu lāʻau, nā iʻa a me ka kai.
Hoʻolaha kūloko
ʻOkoʻa loa ka North Caucasus i kā ia ʻano hana. Nui nā ʻōiwi e noho nei.
ʻO ka poʻe nui o Kauāwi Keʻena:
Inā lawe ʻoe i kahi kaʻa a puni ka Caucasus, hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me nā ʻelele o nā lāhui like ʻole, no ka mea he mea aloha a me nā manaʻo.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā republics i ka pūlima kūloko o ka ʻĀkau Kaukau.
- Adygea
- Dagestan
- Ingushetia
- Kabardino-Balkaria,
- Karachay-Cherkessia,
- Kaukaukau Oae,
- Chechnya
Aia hoʻi ma kona ʻāina he kanaha kumamālua ka poʻe e ʻōlelo aku ana ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli. Ma kahi o 9.7 miliona mau kānaka e noho nei i nā republics o North Caucasus.
ʻOkoʻa kekahi o nā lāhui
ʻO Abkhazians ka nui o ka lahui komohana o kēia ʻāina. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i ka manaʻo i ka Karistiano, akā mai ka kenekulia 15, ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pae, kū ʻia nā mea Muslim. Mai ka wā ma mua, ʻo kā lākou noho ʻana he hana kālopa, ka ʻekau, kālai.
ʻO nā Circassians kekahi poʻe kumu pilikino e noho ana ma ka hikina. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka Caucasus, a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pili ana i nā kahawai Terek a me Sunzha, kahi o ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO kēia kaʻano maʻamau o Karachay-Cherkessia.
Ke kaʻana nei ʻo Kabardinians i ka ʻāina i ka Balkars, aia lākou a pau i ka Circassians, ka mea i kaulana loa i ka lole no nā mea nani a me ka lawena.
Svans - ka ʻohana kuauhau o ka poʻe Lūkini, nona ka ʻōlelo ponoʻī a me nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho, ʻo ka māhele alpine o Georgia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2500 mau mika.
ʻO Ossetians - kekahi o nā kānaka kahiko o ka North Caucasus, kahi i loaʻa i Iranian. ʻO ke aupuni kahiko o Ossetians Alania - Ke hoʻomana nei i kāna ʻano mua i lawe i nā kenekulia.
He poʻe kānaka kokoke ʻo Ingush lāua ʻo Chechens. Nui ka poʻe manaʻo i ka Islam, koe wale nō no Chechens mai Georgia.
ʻO Lezgins Noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina, ʻo Lezgins, nā huaʻāina o nā ʻāina kahiko o Southern Dagestan, he waiwai moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka mea nui i ke ola o kēia mau ʻōiwi āpau ʻo ia kahi o ke kikoʻāina o ka ʻĀkau Kaukau. Kau ʻia ma nā palena o ka Ottoman, ka Lūkia Rūsia a me Byzantium - ua ko lākou i manaʻo ʻia no kahi pūʻali koa i hala, ke ʻano o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā kahe a me nā ʻano o nā kanaka Caucasians.
ʻAnaka-Kuba pīhoihoi
ʻO ka wahi haʻahaʻa o nā Kuban i hōʻike muaʻia e ka inoa nui o ka pihi manawaleʻa. ʻO Kuban iho mai kahi kumu i ka waha he mamao o 870 mau kilomita. Ma waena o nā kahawai wai e hānai iā ia, e kahe koke ana ma luna o kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻo Krasnodar ʻo Old Kuban, Kirpili, Sosyka, ka palena lalo o Ei, Beisug a me Chelbas, a me nā muliwai hema o ka waha o Don. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wai wai i hōʻike ʻia ma luna o ka ʻāina mahiai. He ʻona nō hoʻi a ka ʻāina - Yeisk, Taganrog, Taman. ʻO ka hana o nā loko e hana ʻia e nā muʻāina - Vityazevsky, Kyzyltashsky, Kurchansky, Akhtanizovsky (ma ka pū wai o nā mea i ka hopena o ʻAukake-ʻ -lelo o Kepakemapa pono ʻoe e mahalo i nā lotuses).
Elbrus
ʻO ke kaihi kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā kuahiwi o ke Kauka ʻĀ Kau. ʻO Elbrus kahi kuʻone o kahi puʻu maloʻo ʻē aʻe, aia i kēia manawa ma kahi kūlana hoʻomaha. Wahi a ka moʻoʻolelo, ma luna o ia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka titanium Prometheus i kahi pōhaku no ka wiwo ʻana e hāʻawi i ke ahi i ka poʻe. I loko o nā mea kikoʻī nui o Elbrus, nā mea kumu i hoʻopuni ʻia ai nā kuahiwi, kahi i hui pū ʻia ai ka holo ʻana i loko o ke Kuban - he muliwai nui ma Caucasus Komohana. Ma nā kīʻaha o kēia kuahiwi, e hoʻomoʻo ana i ka nui o ka hoʻolapalapa, kahi e hoʻomoʻa nei nā kumu wela me nā miner a me ke kālepa. Ua hiki ke wela iā lākou + 52 a + 60 0 С.
Ciscaucasia
ʻO ke ʻano o ka North Caucasus i waiho i ka waena a i lalo paha i nā kahawai he nui o kēia wahi. E like me nā Kuban a pau, Eya, Beisug a me Chelbas ma aneʻi ma aneʻi. I ka hikina o lākou lākou e lawe ai i ko lākou mau wai, ʻo Belaya, Laba, Terek (me ka nui o nā kahawai a me nā lima) a me Kuma (ko lākou mau ʻōiwi i hūnā ʻia i nā kahe o nā mauna like ʻole). Hoʻohui nui nā mea. Ke hele nei nā kahawai lō i nā kihi, nā māla a me nā māla o nā Ciscaucasia: Baksan, Bolshoi a me Malyi Zelenchuk, Urup, Teberda, Malka a me Podkumok. ʻAʻole i nā ʻāpana nui ke inoa inoa. Akā i loko o kona puʻuwai ke piha i nā mea hoʻomāliʻi - Krasnodar, Kuban, Shapsug, Kryukov, Varnavinsky. Kōkua lākou kekahi i ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina o nā "hale waihona kālā" o ka Russian Federation. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema loa ka muliwai ʻo Manych me Manyich-Gudilo Lake e hoʻomaloʻo ana i ka wela.
ʻO ka ʻekekopa komohana
ʻO kēia kolu o ka "crest" o ka Caucasus nui, aia ma kekahi mau wahi i kapa ʻia ma kona ʻaoʻao hema, e hōʻike ʻia e ka mea haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole e hele nā lā o lalo i waho o nā kuahiwi, nui nā ʻōpū, nui ka uhi ma ka nahele, he ua anuʻu. ʻO ia kahi mau wahi e "hoʻopuka" i nā wai. He kaulana lākou no ka poʻe Belaya, Mzymta, Urup, Bolshoy Zelenchuk, nā kahawai Psheha, nā kahawai Mezmay a me Kurdzhips, ʻaʻole nui ka wai e hoʻopiʻi i ka wai o Greater Gelendzhik, Tuaps a me Sochi. Aia i ke kahua mokulele o Abrau aia kahi lawaia o ia inoa like i kaulana i waena o nā mea kahiki spa a me nā mea aloha champagne. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi, e like me ke koena o nā puna wai o ka Caucasus Komohana. Auhea ka nui o ka wai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā flora. A e pili ana i nā ʻāina o ka papa o Kaukaia. Aia hoʻi ma kona ʻāina he mau puʻu mauna. Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke anuanu. Hoʻokū ʻia kahi kōkuhi ʻo Karakel liʻiliʻi i ke awāwa o ka muliwai Teberda. Ma Western Abkhazia, ke one kai ākea ʻo Ritsa, nā Bzyb (Pitsunda) a me nā muliwai Kodor (nā ʻaoʻao hema o Sukhum) i kaulana loa i waena o nā kino wai. Pēlā hoʻi lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a loaʻa hoʻi nā paepae kiʻekiʻe.
Kaukū kikukū
ʻO ke ʻano o ka Caucasus i hoʻonohonoho ai a waiho ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ke ʻano o ka nui o kāna mau “hōʻailona” - nā wahi kiʻekiʻe loa o kēia kuahiwi a a, pēlā, nā kahe kahe a kahe. He mea maʻalahi ke manaʻo e ʻoi loa nā gorges ma kēia wahi. E lawe, no ka laʻana, ʻo Baksan, Cherek-Kulamsky, Cherek, Chegem, Urukh, Fiagdon, Gizeldon, nā awāwa Genaldon. Nā kolo ʻana o ka pōhaku i pani kokoke i ka lewa. A ma nā wahi e peʻe ai lākou ia. ʻOiai i ka lā wela o ke kauwela ua pouli ia e like me ke ahiahi a ma kahi ʻano huluhulu. I ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kīʻaha kūlohelohe, hōʻike mākou i ʻehiku mau liʻiliʻi ʻo Līlani liʻiliʻi. Aia lākou ma Kabarda.
Kaukaia Kauka
ʻO nā ʻona wai nui o kēia ʻāina kūlohelohe ʻo Terek, Sunzha, Kuma, Sulak, Koisu a me Samur, e kahe ana i nā hōʻona o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o North Ossetia, a me ka mea pū ma Ingushetia, Chechnya a me Dagestan. Hoʻonui ka meaʻokoʻa o nā wai wai i ka ʻōpū (ʻo nā ʻano ʻenekema like ʻia me ka pepa ʻōpala - pono lākou e hala, a i ʻole e kahe a puni. Kahe ʻia ka wai ma ke kai ʻo Caspian. ʻO Kuma lāua ʻo Terek ka mea kaulana. ʻO ka mea mua ma kekahi neʻe ākea ka palena ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, me ka lōʻihi o 802 mau kilomita. ʻO ka lua "kīwī" i 623 mau kilomita. Loaʻa i kahi pāheʻe launa nui, e hānai i nā kaneli haneli, ʻo ia hoʻi ka palena o nā mauna ʻē aʻe o Ossetia a me Chechnya. Ma nā mauna o Dagestan a me Chechnya he nui nā kaʻe e noho nei ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o kahi stratum alpine.
Colchis Lowland
Hāʻawi ke ʻano o ke ʻano ʻo Caucasus i ka ʻāina me nā muliwai, ka mea i hele i ka lua i nā mana o kēia wā - Abkhazia a me Georgia. Ma ke komohana, hoʻomaka e hoʻohui me ka momona o nā māmala wai ʻelua - Ingura (Abkhazia) a me Rioni (Keokia). ʻO nā kahe a pau o Colchis e pili ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea hope. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike wale ʻia ma Georgia, ʻo nā ʻeha o Ingur (ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia ʻo Inguri) a ʻo Rioni i hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kūkulu hema o ke Kauka Nui Nui mai nā puʻu ʻākau o ka Maly. Eia kekahi, ʻo 327 mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kaila Rioni. Loaʻa kona kumu ma Mount Pasismt. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia kēia wai kahawai i nā mea hoʻopihapiha e like me Tskheniskali, Tikhuri a me Kvirila. Nui ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka kīʻaha o ka ʻōnaehana o ka wai he 13,400 mika square. km ʻO "Rioni" e unuhi i ka "wai nui." Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hydronym mai nā huaʻōlelo "ri" a "en" i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo a nā Svans. Ma ka loko ka wai aku nā kūlanakauhale o Poti a me Kutaisi. Ma nā kahawai o ka mea mua ka ʻike e ʻike ʻoe i kekahi kaona kūwaho o Poliostomi (me ka uahi emerald). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Lowland ka nui loa ma ka Caucasus. Aia ma ka hikina o ka wahi i hōʻike ʻia nei he mauna liʻiliʻi "Bridge" i haʻalele, e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā Colchis mai kahi ʻālaʻi "ʻala" a ke awāwa ʻo Kura River. Aia ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻEleʻele, nona ka Colchis ma ka ʻaoʻao hema i Kobuleti.
Ke Kula Kahawai
ʻO ka "artery" ka mea lōʻihi loa ma ka Caucasus (1364 km). ʻO nā lāhui e noho ana ma kona mau kahakai (Turkish Kurds, Georgians a me Azerbaijanis) loaʻa kā lākou pūnaehana like o ka hydronym. Kula, ʻo Mktvari a me Kur. I loko o Georgia, ʻo kēia ka mea "wai maikaʻi." Ma nā ʻōlelo a nā hui ʻē aʻe ʻelua he mau lula - “reservoir” a i ʻole “repository” paha. Hāpai ʻia ke kumu o ka waiwai kō i loko o ke kamaʻāina ʻo Armenian (ʻāpana Turkish, Kurds). M? Wai mai ke kahawai i loko o ke kai ʻo Caspian, ma ka'āina o Azerbaijani Yenikand. He nui nā lālā koʻikoʻi o ka wai wai (Bolshaya Liakhvi, Alazani, Ksani, Araks, Veri a me Aragvi) i kahi kīʻaha nui (188,000 sq. Km.). Aia ma nā kapa o ke kahawai Kura aia kahi kākāʻau kahiko i piha i nā waihona hale kiʻi. Tbilisi, Mtskheta, Borjomi, Gori, Rustavi, Mengechevir, Sabirabad a me Shirvan. No nā mea noiʻi kula, ʻo ke aniani ke kula kahi ʻāina kime kaʻawale. No ke aha mai? E ʻike ma ka māhele Flora a me Fauna.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Caucasus a me ka'āina Armenian
ʻO ka palena ma waena o nā pā nui i hāʻawi ʻia i ke poʻo ka palena o nā muliwai Rioni, Kura, ka lula o Likhvsky, ʻĀpana Minor Plateau, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ka hikina - e nā kuahiwi o nā pāpahā nui o Iran a me nā kiʻi Lankaran Lowland o Azerbaijan. Ma loko o ka ʻāina ponoʻī (e hui koke ana iā Turkey, Georgia, Armenia a me Azerbaijan), Araks (ʻoi aku ka palena haʻahaʻa) a me ka kahe Vorotan. Aia kekahi wai kīʻaha ka wai - Lake Sevan (ka nui loa, ka ʻāina wai hema o Mingachevir, a me nā kaile o ka muliwai Terter. Ma ke ala, ma Aremania, ʻano like ka inoa o ka mea hydrological e like me Tartarus (ʻaʻole anei kēia ka palena hema o ka aupuni kahiko o ko mākou poʻe kūpuna Indo-European Tartaria?). ʻO Middle a me Lower Araks ka ʻaoʻao piha o ka wai kahe e kū nei nā kūlanakauhale o Meghri (Armenia) a me Saatli (Azerbaijan). ʻO Vorotan ka lua lōʻihi loa o ka muliwai (ma hope o Araks) ma Aremania. ʻO kona loa he 178 mau mile, a ʻo ke kaukau he 5650 kūmole mita. km E kahe ana ʻo ia ma mua o nā heiau kahiko, ma ka Blue Canyon, a ma waena o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka poʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo Nagorno-Karabakh.
ʻO ke kahakai kahakai o ka ʻāina ʻē o Anapa (Rūsia)
Ua hāʻawi ke ʻano o ke kai ʻo Caucasus i nā makela he nui loa, balneological a me nā ʻōpala lepo. Mākaukau kekahi e haʻaheo i ka mamao i 0.3 - 1-ʻāpana ākea ākea o ke kaila gula maʻemaʻe a me nā wīwī a hiki i 15 kilomita ka lōʻihi. Poli wale ke one me nā mākua o nā keiki. No ka mea, he kapakai ākea kahi papa ʻāina. I ka nānā ʻana o kēia, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ʻAnapa (e like me ka Crimean Evpatoria) kahi ʻano kamaliʻi. Ma kahi ākea ākea, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou i kahi kahakai mau, e hele ana mai ka palena me Taman Peninsula a i kahi lumi ʻauʻau "Anapa". Loaʻa ʻia ia mau braids i hoʻokaʻawale i ke kai mai ka waiwai o Kiziltash a me Vityazevsky. A aloha ʻia lākou e nā makani nalu.
Kaʻāina Kaukaʻāina (Lūkia)
ʻO ka hapa nui loa, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka Caucasus iā lākou iho i nā ʻoluʻolu hoʻāʻo ʻana iā lākou iho. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka palakala i ka mea kaulana loa (i kēia mau mauna). ʻO GZ "Caucasian" aia ma nā ʻāina ʻo Krasnodar Territory, ka Repubalika o Adygea a lawe pio nei i kahi o KCR. Aia nō ma nā wahi i like me Achishkho, Aishkha, Pseashkho, Fisht, Oshten, Psheho-Su a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau e pili ana iā lākou ʻo Adyghe plateau kaulana o Lagonaki, "ka māla pua pua a Iulai o Adygea". I kekahi manawa, ʻo ia ... ʻo ka tundra. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻike kuahiwi ʻike ʻia mai nā wahi i ʻike ʻia e nā kihi Azish Range. A ʻo kahi alo e wehe ai i ka poʻe e hoʻohana i ke alanui A-159, ka mea alakaʻi i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO Guzeripl ("waihona" i ka ʻāpana i pale ʻia o kēia kūlohelohe. 8 ʻae ʻia nā 8 cordons ma nā ʻuʻu alpine. Aia i ka wahi hana hoʻomalu i ka wahi i ʻike ʻia no ka Sochi Nature Park kaulana.
ʻO ka mokuʻo Elbrus a me Kabardino-Balkarian kiʻekiʻe mālama ʻāina ʻo Rūsia (Lūkia)
No nā mea he nui, pili maoli ke ʻano o ke ʻĀkau o North Caucasus i kēia manawa - ʻo ka "atou o ka Caucasus." ʻO ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka 5642 mika ma luna o ke kai. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻoluʻolu a me ka piʻi i hope ma Elbrus e lawe ʻia ana mai ka mokuna ʻo Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. I ka moku o Elbrus, e hoʻouna ʻia ʻoe iā ʻoe ma ke ala A-158, e hoʻomaka ana mai ke kūkulu hema mai ke ala R-217 (ma ka māhele o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kabardian o Baksan). I kaiāulu ʻO Elbrus a me Terskol nā "kaʻa uila" a me nā wahi e hoʻolōʻihi ai. He kaulana kēia puʻu no ka mea ke ʻike ʻia mai ka CBD, KCR, Georgia, Abkhazia, Stavropol.
Dombay (Lūkia)
ʻO mākou ka poʻe nui i ʻoliʻoli no ka mea ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia wahi ma Caucasian. Ma ka papa o ka Dombay-Ulgen peak (4046 m.), Kahi e kipa ʻia ana e Austrian a me kekahi mau pākī hale, hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa i ke kahakai, he lua wai a me ... kahi puʻu lele e lele nei. ʻAʻole lawelawe ka lawelawe (e like me ma Teberd). ʻOiai he nani nā hōkele.
ʻO Barkhan Sary-Kum (Lūkia)
Ma ka hope loa, hiki ʻole i kekahi ke hōʻole i ka haʻi aku nei i ka wahi a kahi kanaka Caucasian e like me Central Asian a me North Africa. ʻO ka ʻōpala palā mau loa i loko o ka honua aia i ka Sahara a i ka Karakum. Aia ia ma kahi o 37 mau mile ma ke komohana komohana o Makhachkala, ke "capital" o Dagestan. Ua kūʻē nā kānaka ʻepekema i kāna kumu. Maanei mākou e hana ai i kahi lula. Aia ka wao ma ka repubalika a ma ka palena me Kalmykia.
ʻO Shirvan National Park (Azerbaijan)
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāhā Caucasus ma ka hoʻohālike ʻana o ka puʻu Caspian mauna, ma ka ʻaoʻao semi-efitra Azerbaijani, aia ma kahi kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Shirvan. Aia nā puʻu ʻōlika nui, nā wai puʻupuʻu Shor-gel a me Chala-gel, ka nui o ka honua i kola ʻia ai, ka "hoʻomaka" o ke ala e alakaʻi ai i ka ʻaila. ʻO ka mea kūʻai nui o ka wahi i pale ʻia, kāhea ka poʻe i nā tausani he tulip.
Koloa Papa (Georgia)
ʻO kekahi "ʻili" i ka ʻokoʻa like o ke ʻano o Caucasus i waiho ai i ka wahi nui loa ma ka “nui” i ka ʻaoʻao o ka Caucasus nui. "ʻO ke ala kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ke Central a me Caucasus", "kahi i ka aliaʻi o ke alanui koaʻo Georgia", "kahi eʻauʻau kai nui o Georgia" - ua loaʻa i kēia wahi nā inoa inoa he nui a me nā "inoa inoa". Kū ka ʻeleʻele a puni ʻo ka makahiki. Ua ʻike ʻia ka wa e kahe ai nā kahawai mai a ke kiʻi maoli nei i kū i ke kiʻi o nā glacier. Hōʻikeʻia ka mea me nā kuhikuhi, stele, oki. ʻĀnō e haʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia kuahiwi mauna. He like me ka 2379 m. E wili ana ke poʻo!
Lake Sevan (Armenia)
Ma ka palapala palapala o ka'āina i hōʻike ʻia e ka laina ma luna, ʻo kēia ʻōpū ka mea mua i ʻike i kou maka. No laila, lilo ia i mea hoihoi nui. Hoʻopau mākou me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka mokuʻāina, ʻaʻohe waiwai i loko o nā ʻuna wai ʻē aʻe ... ʻo Sevan ka nui nui no ka Caucasus, a hoʻomanaʻo nā haole i ka phantasmagoria mai ka pua kai i nā pōloli kai a me nā pua like (like me nā pua). ʻO ke kai holoʻokoʻa o Sevan, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lako ʻia me ka hale hoʻokipa hoʻokipa, hoʻopuni ʻia e ke ala maikaʻi. Ma ke alahele he mau māka hoʻokipa a me nā wahi hoʻokipa. Aia nā māla. E like me ia a i ʻole, ua hele i kahi ʻano hoʻohanina maoli i loko o kahi hōkele a me ka leʻaleʻa ala meleka o nā kahua hoʻokipa. Ma mai autovan mai Yerevan e "hele mai" i aneʻi.
Nā manaʻo no ka mea mākaʻikaʻi
No laila, ua hōʻike mākou i ka mea heluhelu i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka Caucasus. A i kēia ʻaoʻao makemake wau e hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻo aʻe hou aʻe. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka noiʻi i nā mākaʻi o nā mālama kūlohelohe, nā māka kūlohelohe a me nā mālama kūlohelohe, i hui pū ʻia me nā poʻe hui o kahi mākaʻikaʻi uku uku. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o ka mauna hitchhiking a kūʻokoʻa ʻole ʻana i ka lā holo ʻole me ke alakaʻi ʻole e alakaʻi iā ʻoe. Akā ʻo nā lōlū puʻupuʻu a pāpaʻu, i hoʻohui ʻia me nā agglomerations ākea, ka halihali a me nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mākaʻikaʻi "hihiu". E hōʻemi i ke ala! ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa ka mea e ʻike ʻia ma nā kumuhana ʻo ka North Caucasus Federal District e like me Chechnya, Ingushetia a me Dagestan. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi alakaʻi kaʻa kaʻa homegrown ma mua o kahi keʻena huakaʻi hoʻokolokolo kūpono.
Kūpono maikaʻi no ke aʻo kūʻokoʻa ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale (a me nā wahi hoʻopiʻi kokoke) e waiho ana ma kēia ala. ʻO M-4 ("Don") e alakaʻi iā ʻoe i ke Kai Kūʻai pololei mai Zlatoglavoy. M-217 "Caucasus" kākā i nā kahawai o kā mākou wahi ʻāina mai ka ʻākau, a laila mai ka hikina. Kau ka A-147 ma ke kai, mai Dzhubga, ma Greater Sochi, a ma kona kaohi ʻana iā Abkhazia. A-149 (Adler - Rosa Khutor) haʻalele nei mai ia mea, e lele ana ma Mzymta i nā kuahiwi o Krasnaya Polyana. Hōʻike ka A-159 i ka nani nani o ʻAmelika Hema Adygea. ʻO A-161 (“Ke Koa Mīkini Georgia”) alakaʻi mai Vladikavkaz a hiki i Tbilisi. A-155 ("Milena Sukhumskaya") holo wikiwiki mai Stavropol hema ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ke KCR a hiki i Dombay. Pono hoʻi e haʻi e pili ana i ka A-156 (hele ʻoe i Psebay mai laila ma ke awāwa ʻo Teberda). A-164 ("ʻO Military Ossetian") e hōʻike ana i ka ʻĀkau o Ossetia mai Hema. Hoʻopili koke kahi A-165 i nā poʻe noho o Cherkessk me nā sanatoriums a me nā kumu no Pyatigorsk. ʻO ke ala nui mai ke kikowaena ʻo Samur a hiki i Baku, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ke ala nui o ke kai nui o Azerbaijan. ʻO ke alanui AN-81 - AN-82 ke ala nui o Armenia (Yerevan, Lake Sevan). ʻO ke ala Poti-Tbilisi, ua piha me ka minamina, he mea kūpono hoʻi (e hoʻopili ana iā Colchis me kahi ʻāpana ʻo Georgian o ke awāwa). E hoʻomanaʻo wale nō aia wale nō ma kēia mau keaka asphalt nā mea welchhikers a me ka pō palekana.
I ka hopena, he kūpono kekahi mau ʻōpala. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa ma ke ʻano Caucasian e alakaʻi iā mākou ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokau i kahi kūlana pōpilikia. Hōʻalo i ka "hoʻoikaika pilikino" (ʻaʻole ia he ʻāpana o ka holo holoʻokoʻa me nā kumu aʻo) e piʻi i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kāʻei mauna i hōʻike ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka Dividing Range (ʻoi aku ka Lā ʻO Bezengi), ka Bambaki massif (ʻo ka ʻāpana hoʻokalakupua ʻole o ka Caucasian GZ) ʻaʻole ia e kala i nā hewa, a ʻo nā mauna hoʻi i hikiʻole ke hoʻoweliweli. ʻO kēlā ma ka ʻae o ka Lūkini Chechnya a me Dagestan me ka mokuʻāina o Georgia.
ʻO ka hope o nā pauku i ʻōlelo ʻia nei e weliweli nō hoʻi ma mua o nā kihi kahi e peʻe ai nā mea weliweli. A inā mākou i pā pono ma ka wā politika, e hoʻāʻo e haʻalele i ka Nagorno-Karabakh - ka nui o nā ʻāina a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ma waena o Azerbaijan a me Armenia. A ʻo nā mea hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hele i Georgia ma o Abkhazia a i ʻole Ossia Hema. A i ʻole hoʻonaninani paha i nā palena palena o kēia mau ʻāina i kahi passport i mua aʻe o ke komo ʻana i ka "aupuni" i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ka waina maikaʻi, barbecue, khachapuri a me ka kao.
No nā haneli haneli mau makahiki, ua hūnā ʻia ke ʻano o Caucasus i nā ʻohana kahiko a me nā kānaka, a me nā poʻe kolo hewa wale nō - nā mea kākau a me nā ʻano hana, nā mea hana kiʻi a me nā ʻatikala hoʻomana hoʻomana. ʻO lākou nā mea i hoʻokumu i nā moʻolelo mua e pili ana i nā ʻāina maikaʻi loa kahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ai ke kikokikona. Aia he pale hakakā nā kupa, nā biocenoses, ka pūʻali koa kanaka. ʻAʻole e kipa ma ke kūkulu hema o Don, Manych a me Kuma e lilo nui e minamina i kou ola.
Wāhiu o ka Luʻu Kauka
Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻĀpana Kauleila ʻo nā māhele Krasnodar a me Stavropol, ka Rostov Region a me Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia a me Dagestan, Chechnya a me Ingushetia. ʻO nā mauna nui, nā ʻōpana pau ʻole, semi-deserto, nā wahi nahele i ʻae i kēia wahi no ka lawehala.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa o ka mauna ʻo North Caucasus. Ka ʻokoʻa kona ʻano me ka kiʻekiʻe. Ua māhele ʻia ke ʻano o ke aniani i 3 mau ʻona:
Hoʻonui loa nā palena ʻākau i waena o nā moku ʻo Kuban a me Terek. Aia kahi paepae hele wāwae. I ka hema ke hoʻomaka i ka ʻāina foothill, kahi e pau ai me nā alapine he nui.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia ke anuanu e ka nui o nā kuahiwi a me ka kokoke o nā kai - ʻo ka ʻeleʻele, Azov, a me Caspian. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā wai wai wela i loko o nā North Caucasus i ka bromine, radium, iodine, a me ka pāhare.
Nā mauna o ke Kauka ʻĀkau
Mai nā wahi ʻākau i ke aniani a i nā ʻāina hema hema, e kū ana ke ʻano o Rūsia. ʻO Caucasus ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa o ka'āina. Ua hana lākou ma ka wā o ka lula alpine.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana o nā Mount Caucasus i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano ʻōpiopio ʻōpio, e like me nā Apennines, Carpathians, Alps, Pyrenees, Himalaya. ʻO ka liki Alpine ka manawa hope o ka tectogenesis. Ua alakaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano mauna he nui. Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o nā Alps, kahi i lawe ai ke kaʻina hana i kahi hōʻike maʻamau.
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale o ka ʻĀkau Caucasus i hōʻike ʻia e nā mauna o Elbrus, Kazbek, ka Rocky and Pasture Range, ka Cross Pass. A ʻo kēia wale nō ka hapa nui loa o nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai a me nā puʻu.
ʻO nā pihi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka North Caucasus ʻo Kazbek, ʻo kahi kiʻekiʻe loa kahi ma kahi o 5033 m. A me kahi kinipolo ʻo Elbrus - 5642 m.
Ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻona ikaika, ka waiwai a me ka'āina o nā mauna Caucasus i waiwai nui ka mākeke a me nā aila. Aia ka laweʻana i nā minuke - mercury, keleawe, tungsten, polymetallic ores.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o Kauka Kauka
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā pūnāwai mineral, ʻokoʻa i loko o kā lākou hoʻohui a me ke mahana wela, hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻia o ka wai i alakaʻi i ka nīnau e hoʻokumu i nā wahi kahakai. ʻO Essentuki, Mineralnye Vody, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk ua kaulana loa i nā kumu a me nā sanatoriums.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻĀpana ʻAmelika i nā wahi haʻalulu a hōʻano. ʻO ke kumu kumu nui o ka ua ma ka moana ʻAmelika. ʻO ia ke kumu i ka palu nui ai nā wahi o nā ʻaoʻao komohana. ʻOiaiʻo ka hikina ʻākau e pili ana i ka wā ʻino, ʻeleʻele, makani maloʻo, ka maloʻo.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o Kaukahe ʻĀkau i loko o ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka lewa. I nā kau āpau, kahi kahawai maloʻo maloʻo o ka ʻAlika, māla - i ka ʻAwelika, ʻōpio - ua komo i ka Mediterranean ke komo i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā mokulele i ka lewa, ka mea e kahakaha ai kēlā me kēia,
Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻĀ Kauwaho ʻAmelika aia hoʻi kekahi makani kūloko - foehn. Hōʻalo ka mauna kuahiwi, hāʻule i lalo, palupalu e hoʻonui. Ua hiki ke kahawai wela i ka honua. ʻO kēia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe makani.
I ka manawa pinepine, kū i ke anuanu o ka ea i loko o ka hiʻu Caucasian a kulou iā ia mai ka hikina a me ke komohana. A laila noho aliʻi kekahi ʻōpiopio ma luna o ka ʻāina, e hoʻōla ʻia no ka flm thermophilic.
Hoʻolaka
Aia ka ʻĀpana Komohana ma nā palena palena loa o nā ʻenehana me nā subtropical. Hāʻawi kēia i nā leʻalā o ke aniani a me ka mahana. ʻO ka hoʻoilo pōkole, e mau ana ma kahi o ʻelua mahina, ke kauwela lōʻihi - a hiki i 5.5 mahina. ʻO ka nui o ka lohi i ka lā ma kēia wahi e kūpono i ka mamao e like me ka mamao a me ka pou. No laila, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke Caucasus a me ke aniani o nā kala.
Nui ka ua nui o ka ua ma nā mauna. ʻO kēia no ka ʻike o ka nui o ka lewa, ke kau nei ma luna o ke kahawai a piʻi i luna, hoʻoluʻu, hāʻawi i ka wai. No laila, ʻokoʻa ka kaʻina o nā wahi mauna i nā kahe ala. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoili ke kō o ka hau a hiki i 5 cm. Ma nā mau ʻaoʻao ʻākau, e hoʻomaka ana ka palena o ka hau mau.
Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4000 m, ʻoi loa i ke kauwela wela loa, ʻaʻohe mau noina maikaʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke ulu ʻia nā avalanches ma muli o kekahi ʻano uʻi a i ʻole ʻano holo paha.
ʻO nā muliwai o ke kuahiwi, piʻi a me ke anu, e hele mai i ka wā o ka hoʻoalulu ʻana o nā ʻalā a me nā glacier. No laila, ikaika nui nā kahe i ka pūnāwai a ua maloʻo hoʻi i ka hāʻule, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ka mahana. Ua pau ka hōkū ma ka hoʻoilo, ā ua maloʻo nā puʻu mauna.
ʻO nā muliwai nui ʻelua o nā Kauka ʻAmelika - ʻo ka Terek a me Kuban - hāʻawi i ka māhele ʻāina i nā nui o nā puʻupuʻu. Mahalo iā lākou, momona ka hua ʻāina chernozem i nā mea kanu.
ʻO nā ʻohi, nā māla waina, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu ʻōleka i ulu maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka hāhi. ʻO kēia nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka Caucasus. ʻO ke anuanu o nā mauna e hāʻawi i ke ʻoluʻolu i nā pālahalaha a me nā ala, i hele aku ai ka chernozem i nā ʻuʻulu kulu.
Wai wai
Pono e ʻike ʻoe ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻĀkau Kaukau ʻoi i piha i nā ʻano. Hoʻohana kēia me ka mamao o nā kai, nā moana. Ke ʻano o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka mamao mai ka ʻenekia a me ka pou. Ke 'ano o ka lewa honua, he nui o ka ua.
Pēlā nō i kūlike ai ke ʻano o ka Caucasus. Aia nā ʻāina māla a me nā wahi ulu. Nā kuahiwi ʻo nā kuahiwi. Nā ʻōpala maloʻo a me nā kahe piha. I ka waiwai o nā kumu waiwai kūlohelohe, ʻo ka hiki o ka wai mineral e hoʻoneʻe i kēia wahi no ka ʻoihana a me ke kaiapuni.
He mea kupanaha ka wehewehe o ke ʻano o ka Caucasus ma loko o ka hapanui o nā kumuwaiwai 70 i hiki ke loaʻa ma kona wahi. ʻO kēia no ka wai, ke wela, me nā wai minuke wela. Hoʻopule lākou i nā mea like, e kōkua ana i ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi.
- gastrointestinal tract,
- ʻili
- ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana
- ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ka wai wai hydrogen kaulana loa i ke kūlanakauhale o Sochi. Nā kumuwaiwai - ma Zheleznovodsk. ʻO ka hydride sulfide, radon - ma Pyatigorsk. ʻO ke kākala hānai - ma Kislovodsk, Essentuki.
Flora
Hoʻohui ʻia ka uhi o nā wahi i kū i ka teritori e like me ka mea hihiu o Lūkia.Ka Caucasus i māhele ʻia i mauna, foothill, nā ʻona haʻahaʻa. Aia ma muli o kēia, e loli pū ka uhi o ka wahi o ka wahi. Hoʻopili ʻia e nā kūlana kime, ka lepo, ka ʻōpala.
Meʻa kuahiwi - lika alpine, mau nahele. Hāʻawi nā Rhododendron i kahi a'ō i nā mea kanu. Ma laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ke kīleʻe, nā ʻalāʻau palaki, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano lei hau. ʻO nā ululāʻau ulu hoʻomāluulu, kahi e ulu ai ka lāʻau, ka beech, ka ʻōkohu, a me ka pūahiʻu.
Hoʻololi nā lau nahele-bog me nā wahi semi-arid. Ua piha lākou me nā mea kanu kūloko - poppies, irises, tulip, Asves of acacia keʻokeʻo a me ka owak.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Aronia e nā māla ākea ākea, nā māla waina. Lipa ʻia ke ʻano o ke Caucasus no nā kumulāʻau hua, nā lāʻau - nā ʻula, nā hua ʻai cherry, hawthorn, nāhelehele, dogwood.
Fauna
Noho ʻia ke anuʻu anuʻu e nā holoholona like me ka poʻe gopher, jerboa, brown hare, steppe ferret, fox, wolf. ʻO lākou waiwai momona i ka holoholona kūlohelohe o Rūsia. ʻO ka Caucasus, kona mau wahi semi-wao i makemake ʻia no ka hedgehog pepeiao, ke kūheʻu gerbil a me ke awakea, kahi ʻenekoke a me ka manuo-corsacus. Loaʻa nā Saigas (steppe antelope). Reu deer, brown bear, a me ka bison noho i ka nahele.
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka Caucasus i kahi nui o nā reptile. ʻO ke anuanu pāhana a me ka mahana hoʻi kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa no ko lākou ola, hānau hou. ʻO kēia kahi mea i paila wāwae a me kahi boa constrictor, nahe a me nā lizards.
I ka lāʻau ākea, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi puaʻa hihiu, ka ʻohe, nā ʻīlio. Aia nā manu wai, me ka ʻaeto, kahi iʻa, ka kestrel, kahi manu i mua, ke ʻāpipē, kahi kahuʻai, a me ka moʻo.
Nā minuke
ʻO ke ʻano o ka Caucasus ka waiwai ma nā waihona kālā nui a me ke ahi. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā lānahu a me nā ʻahuʻula, ke keleawe a me nā ʻaka manganese, nā asbestos, ka paʻakai pōhaku he mea nui ko ka ʻenehana.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻāina e loaʻa nā metala āpau i pono no ke kōnaka aupuni ma nā North Caucasus. ʻO nā waihona kēia
ʻO ka mea hou nei, ua loaʻa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka kūkulu ʻana i ka pōhaku ke kaulana. ʻOi aku ka mahalo nui o ka māka kūpaʻa a me nā hale wili hale. No ka hana ʻana i nā hale i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wao limahana Neogene kūloko. Ka kaulana ka North Caucasus no ka waiho ʻana o ka maʻa, marmer, basalt. Ua koho ʻia nā kālā kālā a me ke kala.
Hoʻohālikelike
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ke ʻano o ka Caucasus Komohana ʻo ia kona ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā mauna glacial me nā ʻalolike i uliuli manuahi, nā ʻāpana alpine me nā semi-deserto. Hoʻouku ka ua nui i ka ʻāina komohana i nā makani maloʻo o nā ʻāpana hikina.
ʻO nā Cyclones, ke aniani a me ke keʻokeʻo ea i kūlaʻi ai nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻ Cka Caucasus. Lā nā kahawai mai ka moana Atlantika a me ke kai Hikina. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā ea maloʻi mai ʻAsia Kalepona a me Iran e ka makani wela.
ʻO ke anuanu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e hoʻoneʻe ʻia me ka mālamalama ultraviolet e hāʻawi i nā lōʻihi i kona noho ʻana ma ka lehulehu. ʻO ke anuanu, nā mea pōkole pōkole, kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai e hōʻeuʻeu i nā mea huakaʻi. ʻO nā punawai wai maʻi, nā mālama kālā o nā waiwai kūlohelohe e hoʻonani i kēia wahi no ka ʻōnaehana olakino a me ka ʻoihana.
Multilevel hiʻohiʻona, nā kahawai he nui - e ʻike ana i ka nani o ka wahi i loko o kona nani i ka nani. Hāʻawi ka ʻike mōʻaukala a me nā moʻomeheu i kahi ʻano ikaika i kēia ʻāina momona.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka Kauka Kauka
ʻO ka Caucasus ʻĀpana kahi waiwai kūlohelohe maoli ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea e pili ai i nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Aia nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa me nā kuahiwi ma nā kuahiwi a me nā nahele me nā lāʻau deciduous, nā lāʻau coniferous ma nā pali a me nā ʻāpana alpine, a me nā wai puʻuwai e wikiwiki ana. Ma nā wahi ākea i nā ʻanuʻu wīwī me ka mauʻu hulu a me nā mea i hoʻohuaha ʻia i ke ʻano o subtropical. Aia kekahi mau wahi kime ma ia wahi. Mamuli o kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ua hoʻokumu pū kekahi ʻano kū hoʻokahi.
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Nā mea kanu
He kanu a puni ka honua kanu i kēia wahi. Ma ka nui o nā mea kanu e ulu wale ana ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ka hopena. ʻO kēia kahi o nā kahawai o Bortkevich a me nā poppy bract, Caucasian blueberries. I waena o nā kumulāʻau a nā mea kanu, aia kekahi, nā pua ʻalā, nā lau cherry, ka buckthorn moana, nā pūahiwi, a me nā pine paʻu. Aia nō hoʻi nā māla o ka raspberry beech, pink daisies, mauna elecampane. Aia pū nō hoʻi ma ka ʻāina o ka Caucasus koʻikoʻi nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ulu e ulu ana: nā dye madder a me ka Taurida wormwood.
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Ma muli o ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mālama kūlohelohe a me nā kahua kūlohelohe, ua kūkulu ʻia nā papa waiwai a me nā ʻalolika.
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Ka ʻāmaʻomaʻi
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Vodokras
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Hua melemole
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Ke wai paʻakai
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Līpī hāpana
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Hornwort
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Urut
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Altai officinalis
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ʻO Asphodelin Crimean
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ʻO ka pua asphodelin
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Ihaʻi pinepine (ram-ram)
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ʻO ka ʻāpana Colchicum
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Lilia
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ʻO ke one o Immortelle
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ʻEkolu mau ʻaoʻao kiaʻi
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Maikaʻi ʻo Loosestrife
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Verbena officinalis
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ʻO Veronica melissolist
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Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Veronica
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Veronica filiform
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Ridge Kūlela Veronica
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Buttercup Anemone
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Pau ka mauʻu
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p, he pāʻālua 55,0,0,0,0 ->
Me ka geranium
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Kanaka maʻamau
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Adonis puna
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Hoʻomoʻa-kālai ʻia ʻo Grushanka
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Pahu nui ka Elecampane
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Dioscorea Kaukaole
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p, he mea pā 67,0,0,0,0 ->
Kauka Kalapu
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ʻO Origanum maʻamau
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W John wort
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ʻO Centaury maʻamau
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Iris a kasatik paha
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Katran Steven
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Kermek Tatar
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p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 81,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻĀwili uila ʻo Liona
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Meadow clover
p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 84,0,0,0,0 ->
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ʻAla lau
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p, he mea pākahi 87,0,0,0,0 ->
Kālana kīwī
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Saffron
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Nau ke lilia o ke awawa
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ʻAno ʻia ka cinquefoil
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ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau
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ʻO ka flax-pua pua nui
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Lūlū ka pala
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Hoʻokomoʻa ka mika
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p, ka mea i kāohi ʻia 103,0,0,0,0 ->
Palani poppy
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Lungwort
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Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ʻo Sempervivum
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Nā lau peony
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Hoʻouku ʻo ka pāpū
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Ka māka ʻana o Siberian
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ʻO Repeshka maʻamau
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Spiny Tatarnik
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Timona Timoteo
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Mālama ʻoe i kāu thyme
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Felipea ʻulaʻula
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Horsetail
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Kahahana
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Hellebore
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Ke lāʻau lapaʻau ʻeleʻele
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Chistyak pūnāwai
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Kau ʻia
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Orchis
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Orchis magenta
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ʻOhi ʻia ʻo Orchis
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Nā holoholona
Wahi a ka honua kanu, ua hoʻokumu pū ka honua holoholona i ka holoholona anthropogenic, e hōʻino mau iā ia. ʻOiai ʻo kēia ke hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻano holoholona kūikawā. Hoʻopau ʻole kekahi poʻe i ka manawa a i ʻole ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā lehulehu. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻōpala ʻeleʻele a me nā kao Hungarian kahi i pau ai i ka pau.
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ʻO Chamois a me nā kao manuahi, lynx a me ka deer, roe deer a me nā bears e noho ana i ka ʻĀkau Kauka. Ma ka ʻōwae, he jerboas a me nā hare-hares, nā hedgehog a me nā hii. ʻO nā mea wānana, ka wolf, weasel, fox, ferret e hopu ana i ʻaneʻi. Noho nā pōpoki manu a me nā martens, nā badger a me nā ʻūhā hihiu e noho ana i nā ululāʻau o Kaukaia. Ma nā paka i hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā lāʻau koa ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā poʻe a lawe i ka mālama mai ka lima.
p, blockquote 145,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻŌpala maʻamau
p, blockquote 146,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 147,0,0,0,0 ->
Honua Hare (jerboa nui)
p, blockquote 148,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 149,0,0,0,0 ->
Hemo pu
p, blockquote 150,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 151,1,0,0,0 ->
Kauka
p, blockquote 152,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 153,0,0,0,0 ->
Kaukaʻi kūkole
p, blockquote 154,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 155,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 156,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 157,0,0,0,0 ->
Kaleponi Caucasian
p, blockquote 158,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 159,0,0,0,0 ->
Kao beoliar Caucasian
p, blockquote 160,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 161,0,0,0,0 ->
Caucasian ʻulaʻula
p, ka mea pā 162,0,0,0,0 ->
p, ka mea pā 163,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO ka mākaʻi Caucasian
p, blockquote 164,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 165,0,0,0,0 ->
Hūʻike Caucasian
p, blockquote 166,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 167,0,0,0,0 ->
Korsak
p, blockquote 168,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 169,0,0,0,0 ->
Leopau
p, blockquote 170,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 171,0,0,0,0 ->
Pine marten
p, ka mea pā 172,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 173,0,0,0,0 ->
Kālepa lāʻau
p, blockquote 174,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 175,0,0,0,0 ->
Kiʻi liʻiliʻi
p, blockquote 176,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 177,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO ka leopalaka waena o ʻAsia
p, blockquote 178,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 179,0,0,0,0 ->
Kāhea ʻia
p, blockquote 180,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 181,0,0,0,0 ->
Promoleey vole
p, blockquote 182,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 183,0,0,0,0 ->
Lynx
p, blockquote 184,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 185,0,0,0,0 ->
Saiga (saiga)
p, blockquote 186,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 187,0,0,0,0 ->
Chamois
p, blockquote 188,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 189,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻAla hau
p, blockquote 190,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 191,0,0,0,0 ->
Hailai pololi
p, blockquote 192,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 193,0,0,0,0 ->
Jackal
p, blockquote 194,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 195,0,0,0,0 ->
Kahawai
He wahi kupaianaha ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi: he pā manihali pālahalaha pālahalaha, a mai ka piko o ke kahe a ke kahawai me ka heʻe weliweli loa e lele ana ma kahi o nā pali. ʻO kēia ke kahe ʻōpala i ka lā e pāʻani me nā ʻoniʻoni like āpau.
Ma nā kuahiwi o North Ossetia-Alania, aia ke kahawai ʻo Midagrabinsky Waterfalls. He mea kupanaha nā mākaʻikaʻi - 14 mau kapelima e iho ana mai nā pali, e lele ana mai ka lewa mai. Aia i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻĀpana Kauka, ʻike ʻia ʻo Great Zaigelan i nā mākaʻikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi "hāʻule avalanche" i loko o ka ʻōlelo kūloko. ʻO kēia ka wai hāmū kiʻekiʻe maʻEulopa. Lawe ia i kona mau wai mai lalo iho o kahi aniani he nui mai ka hohonu o kahi 650-700 mika, a poha kahiʻuʻuku loa i kahi kahe wai o ka waiʻuʻuku ʻo Ziligela liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka ʻike koʻikoʻi i ka kiʻekiʻe, ua mālama ʻia ʻo Big Zeigelan i nā pūmihi kiʻekiʻe he umi ma ka honua. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, ke kū ka meli o ka glacier Midagrabin, e loli ka lua o ka wai i loko o ke kolamu a me nā mea e hoihoi nui ai i nā puʻu.
Nā manu
Nui ka nui o nā manu i kēia wahi: nā aeto a me nā ʻalā wai, ʻāleo a me nā mea wela, nā manu a me nā larks. Ma kahi kokoke i nā kahe e noho ana, nā pheasants, wagtails. Aia nā manu migratory, aia kekahi mau e noho nei ma aneʻi a puni.
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Uwa mai o Alpine
p, blockquote 197,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 198,0,0,0,0 ->
Hoʻolaha manuahi ʻo Griffon
p, blockquote 199,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 200,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻEila gula
p, blockquote 201,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 202,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 203,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 204,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 205,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 206,0,0,0,0 ->
Palapalaʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha
p, blockquote 207,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 208,0,0,0,0 ->
Kai-ʻoki
p, blockquote 209,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 210,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻUlaʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula
p, blockquote 211,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 212,0,0,0,0 ->
Hakieka kuahiwi
p, blockquote 213,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 214,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO Bustard a i Dudak
p, blockquote 215,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 216,0,0,0,0 ->
Keʻokeʻo Woodpecker
p, blockquote 217,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 218,0,0,0,0 ->
Tuvik Pākīpika
p, blockquote 219,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 220,0,0,0,0 ->
Melemele
p, blockquote 221,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 222,0,0,0,0 ->
Zaryanka
p, blockquote 223,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 224,0,0,0 ->
Palapala ʻaʻāina ʻo Green
p, blockquote 225,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 226,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻAi ʻai
p, blockquote 227,0,0,1,0 ->
p, blockquote 228,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 229,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 230,0,0,0,0 ->
Kaukū paʻakai kikole
p, mea huna 231,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 232,0,0,0,0 ->
KaUlani Kaukaia
p, mea huna 233,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 234,0,0,0,0 ->
Kahelani palaka
p, mea huna 235,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 236,0,0,0,0 ->
Kālaiʻihi
p, blockquote 237,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 238,0,0,0,0 ->
Kipi Ular
p, mea huna 239,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 240,0,0,0,0 ->
Klest-elovik
p, mea ʻole 241,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea ʻole 242,0,0,0,0 ->
Linnet
p, mea ʻole 243,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea ʻole 244,0,0,0,0 ->
Korostel (dergach)
p, mea ʻole 245,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea ʻole 246,0,0,0,0 ->
Reel ʻula hoʻi
p, blockquote 247,0,0,0,0 ->
p, paukiki 248,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea ʻole 249,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 250,0,0,0,0 ->
Kurgannik
p, blockquote 251,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea pā 252,0,0,0,0 ->
Meʻoʻo Me
p, ka mea i pio 253,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 254,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 255,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 256,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO Muscovite a ʻoki paha
p, blockquote 257,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 258,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO Redstart maʻamau
p, blockquote 259,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 260,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻŌmaʻomaʻo maʻamau
p, blockquote 261,0,0,0,0 ->
p, ka mea pā 262,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO Oriole maʻamau
p, blockquote 263,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 264,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻŌpala maʻamau
p, blockquote 265,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 266,0,0,0,0 ->
Aliʻi
p, blockquote 267,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 268,0,0,0,0 ->
Loko
p, blockquote 269,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 270,0,0,0,0 ->
Hoʻolaha
p, blockquote 271,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 272,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻAihele ʻae
p, blockquote 273,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 274,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 275,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 276,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 277,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 278,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO Pischa maʻamau
p, blockquote 279,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 280,0,0,0,0 ->
Kūʻai mahina
p, blockquote 281,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea ʻole 282,0,0,0,0 ->
Kālaiʻihi
p, ka mea pā 283,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 284,0,0,0,0 ->
p, paleka 285,0,0,0,0 ->
p, ālai 286,0,0,0,0 ->
Jana
p, ālai 287,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 288,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻO Stenolaz (stenolaz hula-ʻulaʻula)
p, blockquote 289,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 290,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 291,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 292,0,0,0,0 ->
Owl
p, blockquote 293,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 294,0,0,0 ->
Flamingo
p, blockquote 295,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 296,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻOhi kūloko
p, blockquote 297,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 298,0,0,0,0 ->
ʻĀmaʻomaʻo
p, blockquote 299,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 300,0,0,0,0 ->
Hoʻolaha gula
p, blockquote 301,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 302,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 303,0,0,0,1 ->
ʻO ke ao kūlohelohe ma ka North Caucasus he ʻokoʻa a he palena. Hoʻouka ia me ka nani a me ka nani. ʻO kēia waiwai wale nō e mālama, pono, mai nā poʻe i hana mua i ka pōʻino o ke ʻano o kēia ʻāina.
ʻElani palaka
Ua loaʻa i nā ʻāpana kūahi o nā elepani hema kahiko ma Stavropol. ʻO ka ʻōpū holoʻokoʻa o kahi elephant fossilized e pili ana i nā mea mammoth he loaʻa i ka paleontological kiʻi ākea loa. He ʻelima mau hiʻohiʻona like i ka honua, i loko o nā hale kalepa o Paris, Tbilisi, a me St. Petersburg Akā aia ma Stavropol wale nō i loaʻa nā mea kahiko kahiko i ʻike ʻia. Noho kēia mau elepani hema i ka makahiki 1-1.8 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kākā ʻia ka ʻōpū ma mua o 40 mau makahiki ma mua o ka elephant: ua loaʻa i ka 2007, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka elephant i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Stavropol no nā makahiki he haneli.
Flora o ka Kauka Kauka
ʻO ka waiwai o ka flora o ka ʻĀpana Kauleila ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomaha, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ʻae ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana climatic like ʻole ma ia wahi. Ua hana nui ʻia ke ʻano he nui ma ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu like ʻole a me nā hiʻohiʻona: ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono mau tausani o nā mea kanu i ulu ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi (1.5% o ke kūkaʻa o ka Lūkini Lūkini).
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka pua o ka North Caucasus e pili ana i ka haki ʻia ʻana o ka zonality: ʻike ʻia nā gorges a me nā pali pōhaku i nā lāʻau sparse a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, a e ulu nā lāʻau alapine i nā kiʻekiʻe, akā, no ke kolohe ʻole i nā rula, ma ka "canyons" i loli ka loli ma laila, no laila nā mea kanu. e ulu ana i kēia latone e "piʻi" i kahi kiʻekiʻe, maʻa mau no lākou i nā ʻōlelo maʻamau.
Hōʻike ʻia ka honua kanu o ka North Caucasus i ka endemicity, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa kekahi ʻano kanu o nā mea kanu wale nō i kēia wahi. Ma ka manawa like, kahi nui o nā mea kanu i lawe ʻia mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe e ulu nei ma nā wahi, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻalani a hoʻohuihui a me ka hui pū ʻana me ka pua pua: nā lāʻau hua a me nā mea kanu, nā lāʻau koʻikoʻi, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.
Aia nā hiʻohiʻona maoli, kokoke i ka ʻ Clau Kauka kokoke i ʻAsia, no laila, lawe maikaʻi nā luna o nā pua subtropiko.
Ka nahele o ka ʻĀkau Kaukau
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Geographic a me nā climatic i hoʻopili i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka flora Caucasian ʻĀina, ma kahi like loa, i hoʻopilikia i ka heluna o ka teritori e nā manu a me nā manu manu. Ua hāʻawi pū kekahi kanaka, pono ʻo ia e ʻōlelo ʻia, mamao loa. Ma muli o kona ola, nui nā ʻano o nā holoholona holoholona i ka hope o ka hemo ʻana, ʻo ka nui o kēia o ke kū hou ʻana me ka pilikia nui a me ka uku. ʻO ka kao Hungarian a me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli i kau inoa ʻia ma ka Red Red Book.
ʻO nā holoholona hihiu e noho mau nei i ka North Caucasus he mau ʻalalā hihiu, nā kao kuahiwi, nā chamois, a me nā tausani hemo i mau tausani (spider). No nā mea pīhoihoi, aia kahi lynx e hānai, e hoʻouka ana i ka kiʻi a me ka deer, a me nā wili hihiu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻona, e noho ana ma nā waena waena o Rūsia. Noho maikaʻi lākou me ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua i ʻala ʻia o ka māla hihiʻo, ka aniani.
ʻĀina, mauʻu ʻekahi pinepine i nā waʻa e ʻimi ai i ka iʻa. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻohana manu e nā ʻano 200 like: mauna turki, Caucasian black grouse, lark, alpine black grouse.
Nā pāʻālua kūʻokoʻa
ʻO Dagk ka dune nui loa ma Dagestan, ma ke ʻano, ʻo ia ka nui loa ma ʻEulopa. Aia e pii ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 250 mau mika a ua ʻihi kona mau a he 3000 mika, a ʻo kahi pākaha o ke kēpana āpau he 600 hekeleka. ʻO ka kiʻikiki he kiʻi kūʻokoʻa ʻo Sarykum, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka wao nahele, akā kokoke i nā kiʻi nani Kapchugai Gorge, a ua ʻoki ʻia ka muliwai ʻo Shura-Ozen ma ka hapalua. Еще одна специфичность Сарыкума в том, что он недвижим и устойчив.
Сердце Чечни
Мечеть "Сердце Чечни", построенную в Грозном в рекордный срок – в течение двух лет, по праву называют архитектурным чудом 21-ого века. Располагается она на площади, превышающей 5000 квадратных метров, и может принять одновременно до 20 тысяч прихожан. В мечети применена техника росписи из 16-ого века, а сама она сооружена в османском стиле. Белоснежный мрамор, оригинальный купол, высокие минареты, восхитительная золотая роспись, 36 шикарных люстр с чеченским узором. Архитектура святого места, шикарный парк, разноцветные фонтаны – все это вызывает восторг у ее посетителей независимо от вероисповедания или национальности. Храм потрясает своим величием. "Сердце Чечни" непременно нужно посмотреть в темноте, когда подсвечивается вся мечеть.
Голубые озера
Природа Северного Кавказа не перестает удивлять туристов. Пятерка восхитительных карстовых озер притаилась среди ущелья в Кабардино-Балкарии. В них хранятся тайны природы, на которые ученые до сих пор ищут ответы. Например, Нижнее озеро не снабжается речными водами, хотя каждый день оно тратит до 70 миллионов литров воды, а его объем и глубина при таком расходе совсем не уменьшаются. ʻO kona inoa ʻē aʻe - Tserik-Kel - ʻo ia kekahi o nā loko hohonu loa maʻEulopa. I ke ao, hiki i ka hoʻololi ke kala a hiki i 16 mau manawa - mai azure i ka emerald, akā he wai wela ka wai: ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o + 9 0 С a puni ka makahiki.
Nā ʻowerslio
ʻO North Caucasus kekahi o nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma Rūsia kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā mea kiaʻi - he hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻomeheu mua o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Aia lākou ma kēlā mau wahi o ka North Caucasus like Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Chechnya a me Kabardino-Balkaria. ʻO kēia mau mea pākuʻi he ʻelua noho hana a me ka pale pale, no laila kapa ʻia lākou he kiaʻi a me ka patrimonial. Ma muli o nā kīlio ʻenemi, ʻaʻole i hoʻopakele ʻia ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana. He ʻohana no kēlā me kēia ʻohana, no kēlā me kēia ʻohana e ʻae ana i kona aʻa. Wahi a ka moʻomeheu kahiko, pono e kūkulu ʻia ka hale ʻauhau e kūkulu ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā hale kiai, kahi kānāwai, ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai ke kauhale, ma nā wahi me ka ʻike maikaʻi. Hoʻokomo ka poʻe kiaʻi i ka hanohano o ka ʻohana, ka lokahi a me ka makaʻu ʻole o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻĀkau Caucasus.
