Palapala Latin: | E hoʻonui ʻia ʻo Sturnus |
Kaulana: | Nā ʻāpana ʻāpana |
Kāohana: | Polōhū |
ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka helehelena, ke kumukanawai a me ke ʻano, ua like nō ia me kahi mea maʻamau o ka starling, akā heʻuʻuʻuku a ʻoi aku ka pōkole. He ʻokoʻa ʻē ka pākeke mai nā manu ʻē aʻe o kahi like like ma ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike a me ka hele ʻana o crest. ʻO ka loa kino 19–24 cm, ke kaumaha 60-90 g, nā pihi 37-42 cm.
ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, he ʻokoʻa ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka manu makua - ʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula paha, ʻeleʻele me ka ʻala a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula metala, ke poʻo, ka umauma, nā ʻēheu, ka plumage o nā hihaka a me nā wāwae, ka ʻili a ma lalo o ka huelo. ʻO ka lōʻihi, hāʻule ka crest kekahi ʻano. ʻUlaʻula nā wāwae, ʻeleʻele ka iris. He ʻeleʻele a ulaula paha ka beak me kahi uliuli uliuli uliuli, pōkole a emi aʻe ma mua o kahi hōkū maʻamau. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism o ka helehelena i ke kala a me ka nui, ʻoi aku ka lōlō a wahine ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kāne, me ka puuwai palupalu a me nā pili pōkole. ʻO nā kānaka keu i ka makahiki hoʻokahi i ka hoʻomaka o ka manawa hana hope e nānā nui ʻia i ka manu ma mua. ʻO ke kua ke kua kapa hina, ʻo ka piko o ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻēheu a me ka huʻu he brownish-ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ka ʻāʻī. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kala Pink i ke kala ʻana ma mua o nā manu manu kahiko.
ʻO ka manu ʻōpio he kino monochromatic grayish-buffy me ka blurry streaks ma ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me ka huelo me nā kihi buffy. Hoʻohui ʻē ʻia me kahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpio maʻamau i kona mālamalama, ʻaʻole ia i kuhikuhi ʻia i kahi hiʻu, i ka waiho ʻole ʻana o kahi palu pōʻeleʻele, a he lei kino ke kino, he hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻēheu ʻeleʻele a me ka huelo. I loko o kahi lele, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hōkū ʻōpiopio i ka welo ma mua o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio maʻamau, me kahi aniani māmā.
He leo leo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi aku ka mele i ka mele ma mua o ka mea paʻa maʻamau. ʻO kēia kahi wai wikiwiki o ka twitter, creaks, squeals a me nā leo hoarse. Nā kāhea a me nā alima - e like me ka hōkū maʻamau.
Ka hopena, kūlana. ^ E Ha yM. E māhele ʻia ma ka hā o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia mai ke kahakai ʻo Black Black a me Turkey hoʻi i Tuva, Mongolia, a me Pakistan. ʻO Winters ma India a me Sri Lanka. I ka Lūkia o Rūsia, he mea maʻamau ʻole ia, hele i ka sporadically, maʻamau nests ma lalo o ka Volga Lower, Ciscaucasia, a me Caspian. ʻO nā ʻano nui i loaʻa i ka nui o nā huki nui i pili i ka hakahaka o nā mea ʻai nui - nā ʻūhini, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻōpala a me nā semi-deste, loaʻa i nā ala-ala. I ke kauwela, ʻike ʻia nā manu heʻe ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka palena nui, a hiki i ka taiga ʻākau. Mai ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ma Mei, lele ma ʻAukake.
Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. Paʻi ʻia nā ʻano o nā polikani a me nā kiʻina a me nā wahi ākea ma kahi o nā wai wai kahi e lele mau ai i kahi wai. Mālama i nā ʻano invertebrates, e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka lepo, e neʻe ana ma ia i nā alaloa a i ʻole ka pōkole pōkole, kaʻai pinepine ʻana i nā pepeke ma luna o ka lele. ʻO nā kīʻaha kīʻaha maʻamau ka nui o nā ʻano orthoptera (ʻūhini, palu). ʻO nā ʻōlapa o ka hānai e hele pinepine ana i nā holoholona o nā holoholona. Mai ka wā waena o ke kauwela, e hānai pinepine nā manu i nā hua a me nā huaʻai, i kekahi manawa i hōʻino ʻia i nā māla waina a me nā ʻohi.
Kēia manu manu nono i kūkaʻu i nā kolone i nā manawa ākea, i kekahi manawa ke hōʻea nei i nā haneli he nui, i nā pali kahakai, ka pā kuikahi, embankment, a me nā wahi i hala o nā hale. Hoʻopiʻi pinepine i ka palena o nā lāʻau kahiko. Hōʻailona pinepine, loaʻa nā koloni ma nā wahi o nā ʻūhini ʻūwili. Hoʻopaha, hoʻomālamalama ka ʻano hale papaʻa. E hoʻopili i nā hua 4-6 me kahi ʻulaʻula, kokoke i ka ʻūhā keʻokeʻo. Noho ka Incubation i nā lā 11-15 mau lā, hoʻoili nā hoa like i ka manawa. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i ka hano e kū a ʻekolu mau pule. Hoʻohui koke ʻia nā wīwī holo ʻana i nā ʻohana nui a lele nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea paʻa mauʻu ma mua o ka hāʻule.
15.03.2018
ʻO ka hōkū a ka popo (lat. Sturnus roseus) i like me ka lele. Mai kona pili pili ʻole, ka makaʻu maʻamau, ʻokoʻa ka ʻulaʻula kala i ka pastel pink o ke kino haʻahaʻa a me ke kahe ʻana o kahi ʻolo o nā hulu elongated ma ke poʻo. No nā ʻohana ʻelua ʻo Skvortsovye (Sturnidae) mai ke kaʻo Passeriformes.
ʻO kekahi helu o ka ʻauhau ʻikepili e wehewehe iā ia ʻo ia wale nō ka mākaʻi o ka ʻohana Pastor. ʻO ka manaʻo kuhi ʻia i hana ʻia e ka Dutch zoologist Konrad Jacob Temmink i ka makahiki 1815.
ʻO ka weheweheʻana i ka hōkū pink
Hoʻopili ʻia ka plumage i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i ka uliuli me ke aniani o ka metallic pailima. ʻO ka hulu ʻeleʻele i nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo a me ka honu poni. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hulu ʻē aʻe i nā kala ʻulaʻula nani. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hōkū ʻōpiopio i nā poli polū. He ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula nā wāwae. Hoʻohui ʻia ka pena o nā kāne ma mua o kēlā.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pua ʻulaʻula o kēia mau manu ma mua o nā pua maʻamau. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo o nā manu mua i kahi hāmeʻe nani ʻala i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hulu lōʻihi. ʻO Males a lele paha i ka ʻoi aku ka pōkole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka Pink Starling
Pēia i hiki i ka popiki piha i kahi manu ākea ākea e hele i loko o nā holoholona nui. I ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mea nohona pilikino wale nō kahi aneʻi kūlike ʻole. ʻO nā manu ʻokoʻa i paʻa ʻia e nā kaiāulu nui. Ua ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā ʻeke he mau keneke, a pinepine mau haneli. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hipa i loko o nā kolone nui, me ka mauʻumi mau tausani o nā pālua, ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hanauna ʻōpio.
Holo koke ka puʻu ʻana. Hoʻopili pinepine lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, lele wikiwiki i luna o ka ʻāina. I nā mokulele, kēlā me kēia kanaka pili i kekahi. ʻO ka ʻohana i piʻi ai i ka lewa e like me kahi mānoanoa paʻa paʻa. Ka neʻe ʻana, lele koke nā manu i ka neʻe ʻana a hoʻomau i nā huakaʻi i kahi ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi. ʻO ke hopena, neʻe ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa ma kahi hoʻokahi.
Apana ʻāina
I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu e ʻimi i nā meaʻai ma nā wahi wao e pālahalaha aku nei ma Iraq, Iran, India a me Afghanistan. I ka pūnāwai, ua neʻe lākou i uka-hema ma ʻĀpelika Hema a me nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Tengah. Noho i loko o ka Caucasus a me ke kūkulu hema ʻo Siberia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona
No nā manu hoʻohālikelike, koho nā hōkū pink i nā wahi i kapa ʻole ʻia i ka wai. He mea hoʻowalewale ʻia i nā ʻūhā wāwae, wao nahele a me nā pālahalaha mua o ka wao nahele, waiwai i ka hānai, hoʻomoʻa me nā pali a me nā pali me nā ʻūwili, nā pākeke liʻiliʻi me nā pā liʻiliʻi, nā pāhoʻi, a me nā kumu me nā nīnū. I kēia mau wahi neoneo, hiki ʻole i nā wahi pana, nā manu nā ʻuʻuku.
He aloha ʻo Shpak i ka popiki aala ʻulaʻula, he like ʻole ia. He mea nui iā ia i ke kakahiaka mua e ʻike i kekahi mau kāne, kūkulu i kahi pūnana, moe i ka hua a hoʻoulu i nā hua. ʻO nā pilina pili me kahi poliki kala i wikiwiki ʻole e pili aku. Noho nā kolone lākou i ka wā e ʻohi ai ka nui o nā kīhāpai ma ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai. Hoʻouluulu nā ʻōhule o nā ʻūhini a me nā ʻūhihi i ka waena waena o ke kauwela.
Nā Hana Kūʻai
Nā pua wele a ʻulaʻula i loko o nā ʻāpana o nā pali a me nā ʻōpala o nā pali, ma waena o nā pōhaku, i loko o nā pahu i kūkulu ʻia e nā pūnāwai, i nā lua ma nā pali. I loko o nā ʻāpana hele wāwae, e noho ana nā ʻōhumu ma ka ulu ʻana o ka honua.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pūnana manu kahi mai loko o kahi lau manamana o nā lāʻau maloʻo maloʻo. ʻO ka papakālina ka papana e uhi ʻia me nā lau wormwood, ʻuluʻula, i hoʻolei ʻia e nā manu steppe. I ka pepa pau, ua like nā nests me nā papa liʻiliʻi nui. ʻO nā moʻo ʻeke loa i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻole a i nā ʻōpala.
Ma ka pae o 25 m 2 mau wīwī wīwī e hoʻomau ai a hiki i 20 nests. Ua hui pū ʻia nā mea pili ma kahi o kekahi, i kekahi manawa e pā ana i nā paia. Mai ka ʻaoʻao, ma ka maka mua ke ʻano he ʻano palupalu wale nō kēia. Me kēlā hana hoʻokele ʻole, lilo ka māka i mea pio i ko ʻū ʻūhū.
Pale hina hina hua i ka hilahila i Mei. Ma kahi pākuʻi piha e noho ana he 4-7 mau huaʻai. Kāleka, kū ʻia ma hope o 5 mau hebedoma i loko o ke aniani o ka huhū a me ka hilahila piha, lilo ka waiwai maʻamau o nā pākeke a pau. ʻO nā kāne i nalowale i nā keiki ma muli o ka ʻala ʻūhū ʻeha e ola me ka hōʻeha ʻole ma ka hānai ʻana i nā moa ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole hilahila nā pihoʻi pālua i ka poʻe makua. ʻAe makemake lākou i ka ʻai o nā manu e kokoke mai ana. Hōʻalo ka manu ʻōpio i loko o ke ʻano o ka nui o ka haunaele a me ka hilahila maoli i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai, e ʻoluʻolu ana i ka pōloli o kā lākou mau holoholona ʻōpiopio a me nā keiki e kokoke mai ana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona manu
Holo nā manu i ke ala kumu. ʻO kahi pua manu nui, ua pae i ka ʻāina hiʻona, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā laina ākea. Ke neʻe nei nā manu i kahi alualu, hoʻokahi me nā mamao he 10 kenimika. Ma ka holo ʻana, ua huki lākou i nā ʻūhini a me nā ʻūhini mai ke ana o ka mauʻu.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā me kēia manu i kāna hana ma ia wahi no ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻopoloke i ka akea o nā hoalauna. I loko o ka wā o ka hopu ʻana i ka launa pū kekahi, ʻaʻole i pani ʻia ka hānō. ʻAʻole hānai wale nā mea a pau e hānai ana, akā e hānai pū i kā lākou hua a hoʻolei.
Ulu pū ka ʻōpū ma ke kolone. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapalua ʻōpio ua lele mai nā nest huna. I ka wā e loaʻa ikaika ai nā pipi a haʻalele i nā nests, e lawe ʻia ka ʻoniu mai kona wahi noho, e hoʻopuehu ʻia i nā ʻohana hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaka e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano ola.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
ʻ Starlelo manuahi ʻulaʻula kaulana ma Asia Asia, ma ke komohana hema o Europa. Ma Lūkia, loaʻa nā manu ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Siberia, ka Caucasus, a me Crimea. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a i ʻĀsia paha.
Hoʻi hou mai nā manu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai, i ka wā e mau ai ka hau i loko o kekahi mau wahi, akā hoʻomaka ka manawa māla i ka hopena o ʻApelila, i ka wā e ulu mau ana nā moa i loko o nā hua manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopili ka wana a Pink i kā lākou wa huna i ka ʻāpana wāwae, nā wahi semi-steppe, nā pāpū wao o Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran. Hiki paha ke ʻano o ka nohona ma muli o nā ʻano lohi o ka wā, a me ka loaʻa o ka lakoʻai e pono ai. Iā kahi e noho ai ka hōkū a ka ʻulaʻulaE mau ana nā pali, nā pōhaku, nā kaila o nā loko.
Pono nā kolone e ʻohi ai i nā nīneke. Pākuʻi lākou i nā nest ma lalo aʻe o nā hale o nā hale, ma nā kaʻe o nā pōhaku, nā pā i ka paia, hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi pūkaʻahu i kahi hakahaka a noho paha ma kahi hale manu hoʻokahi. He mea pono no ka hana manu ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai kokoke. Mākaukau nā manu e lele i mea ʻai i loko o kahi radius o 10 km.
Pono i nā ʻōpū o nā manu ʻōpala i kahi nui o ka meaʻai, nā mea pono a nā mea ʻōpio a me nā keiki ʻōpio. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa ʻo ia ka ma waena o ke kauwela, aia ka nui o ka meaʻai, no ka mea, ua ulu a nā pepeke manuahi i ka wā ʻelemakule.
Ua wikiwiki ke kau o nā hōkū. Ma waena o lākou iho, ʻike mau nā manu i ka manawa kokoke, no laila mai kahi mamao e ʻike ʻia ai he ao pōʻele. Ma ka ʻāina, e neʻe koke lākou, akā, mai haʻalele i ka pā.
ʻIkeʻike maikaʻi ʻia kā mākou talena ʻo Starling. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kope i ka leo o nā manu ʻē aʻe, nā holoholona, nā whist, nā pepeiao o ka kaʻa ke ʻano like ʻole. Inā i loko o ka ʻohana o ka pōloli ka ʻalā, ua lohe ʻia ka ʻalī a kahi pōpō a i ʻike paha ka iʻa o ka manu, ʻo ia ke kipa ʻana o nā manu i ka hale o ke kanaka a noho paha i kahi waʻa me nā kamaʻāina.
Aia kekahi mau manawa i ka wā i hoʻi mai ai nā welo migratory mai ke kauwela hoʻoilo a “kamaʻilio ʻia” me nā leo o nā manu ʻōiwi. ʻIke ʻo Ornithologists i kona leo ponoʻī ke kūlike ʻo ia i nā leo o ka popo, rattle, creak, ʻaʻohe mele o kāna mele.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka pālani pua ʻula
Iā kahi e noho ai nā kiki hōkū, pono e ʻohi ʻia nā mea hihiu, inā ʻaʻole i hānai i nā ʻohana nui o nā manu. Pono nā kolone nui i kahi lako meaʻai maikaʻi, akā inā ma ka pōʻino e hana pū lākou: kāhea nui lākou a ke kaʻo ʻana a me ka lele pōkole.
I ka nohona ola kino nui o nā pōloli a kōkua i ka luku ʻana i nā pōpoki mahiʻai. ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka pūnāwai i nā manu e leʻaleʻa i nā kānaka, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela a me ka hoʻola hou i ke ʻano. Akā ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā manu i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hua palaoa, nā hua o nā hua a me nā huaʻai e alakaʻi i ka luku ʻana i nā māla a me nā mahinaʻai.
Kāleau Laulā Kūnuʻuʻula
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka welo a Pink i kahi huakaʻi hele nui, kahi inoa papahele a he ʻohana kauhui wale nō. Aia kēia mau huaʻōlelo a pau i ka wā e hele mai ana i nā manu mai ka ʻohana makaʻo. Paʻi manu ʻia nā manu e ʻai, no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano kaiʻai o nā ʻulaʻula a i nā ʻāpana manuahi.
Hōʻeu iā ia, ʻalo i nā ʻūhini, ʻaihue ʻole. He maikaʻi ke ʻai ʻana i nā ʻūhini. ʻAʻole i hoʻohui ʻia kahi pōʻino manuahi i ke ola wale nō. Hele nā locusts i nā neʻe nui. No laila, ʻaʻole ka mea kanu manu i nā mea make e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe. He mau mea ʻokoʻa kuhi lākou e ola ana i kēlā makahiki kēia makahiki i loko o nā pā ikaika.
ʻO ka pākeke no kahi lā e koi ana i ka 200 g o ka hānai piha. Kēia kolamu o nā hui he ʻumi kaukani e kaumaha ana me nā hua e luku ai i kahi e pili ana he 108 ʻona o nā ʻūhini i kēlā me kēia mahina. E hānai iā lākou iho, noho nui nā kolone nui i ka pālahalaha ʻana i kēlā mau wahi i hoʻopiha ʻia i nā ʻūhini a me nā mea ʻai manu orthopteran ʻē aʻe.
No ka loaʻa ʻana i nā ʻūhini, ʻoki loa ka manu i kona mau wāwae a me nā ʻēheu, hou aku i ka iniseti ma ka ʻāina a hoʻomā wale i ka hua. Ke wāwahi i ka mea ʻai i nā ʻāpana, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ale iā lākou. Me ka nui o nā ʻūhini, ʻaʻole nui e ʻai nā manu i nā mea ʻuʻale e like me ka make wale ʻana.
Hoʻouka ka palena palena liʻiliʻi o nā hōkū kiki manu iā lākou e alualu i nā iniseti, e ʻae ana iā lākou i ka manawa e noho ai i nā wahi e noho ai lākou e hoʻi ai mai ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā biology o nā manu ma ke ʻano o nā ʻūhini a me nā orthoptera ʻē aʻe. Kahi wale nō nā manu e ʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻala. Inā ʻaʻole i lawa, inā ua lawa ka ʻulaʻula, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ke hana i nā mokulele nui.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo nā ʻūhini a me nā orthopterans wale nō nā meaʻai a nā ʻaleka popula. ʻOluʻolu lākou i ka hoʻōla ʻana me nā huaʻai, nā ʻano weed a me ka laiki. Hiki i nā manu ke hōʻeha i kahi nui ma ka cherry a i nā lau cherry, i nā māla waina a me nā mea kanu i ʻole. Eia kekahi, hānai ka ʻula i nā huluhulu, lepidoptera, nā ʻalā a me nā semoma.
Hōʻoluʻolu a pono paha.
I ka wā e hoʻomāholo ʻia, huli ke kākā i ke hōkū i ke kai maoli no ka māla. No laila, he pane kuhihewa e kū ana no ka mea he pono e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka pani ʻana i ka ulaula, i hōʻailona ʻia e ka gluttony nui. Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi i lawe ʻia mai e ka luku ʻana i nā pōpilikia i ka wā o kā lākou hoʻomohala pānaʻi no ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i hua ʻia i nā mea kanu i loko o ke kīhāpai?
No ka pane i kēia nīnau, pono nā helu maʻalahi. I ka hoʻopio, hiki i kahi manu ke ʻai a hiki i ka 300 pepona manawaleʻa. He kolamu o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tausani mau kāne i loko o kahi lā e luku i nā mea manawaleʻa miliona miliona mau mea kino.
Eia kekahi, hoʻonoho nā hōkū a pink i nā kolone nui i kahi wale nō e hoʻopiʻi ai nā pōpoki en masse. Eia kekahi, ʻike pono nā manu i ka pōʻino e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke nānā wale ke ʻike ʻia. Hāʻawi i ka ʻūhini e hoʻopau i nā mea āpau me ke kaumaha ʻole, ua lilo ka wīwī i ke ola maoli no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. ʻO ka pōʻino o nā manu e kū'ē i ke kua o ka pōʻino i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻūhini i pau.
ʻOka wehewehe, ʻike
ʻŪlū manu papani manu (lat. E hoʻonui ʻia ʻo Sturnus) nona ka ʻohana a me nā hua o nā mea kuʻu, a me ke kaukani ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka nui o ka manu he 19-24 cm, hoʻohui nā ʻēheu i ka lā 12-14 cm, kaupaona a hiki i 90 g.
I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka plumage: aia ka peʻe pink pastel ma lalo o ka umauma, ma ka ʻōpū, nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kua. A o ke poʻo, nā ʻāpana o luna o ka umauma, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo he ʻeleʻele me kahi kaʻe ʻala-poni. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ke poʻo o nā hulu ʻeleʻele i ke poʻo.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka laʻi o ka wahine ma kahi o nā kukui lōmaʻomaʻu, kahi pākiki liʻiliʻi, a i nā moa pīpī ka hulu a ʻulaʻula paha. Ke loli nei ke kala o ka beak ʻeleʻele mai ka ʻeleʻele i ke kauwela a i kahi melemeleʻeleʻele - i ka ngahulu a me ka hoʻoilo.
Mai ka makahiki 2010, ua helu inoa ʻia kēia manu ma ka Red Book i Lūkia a me Ukraine e pale iā ia mai ka pau ʻole.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO kēia mau manu a laha ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻEulopa Hikina. Ma ka ʻāpana o Rūsia a me nā ʻāina mua o USSR, ʻo ka māhele o ka pinkorn pink i ka ʻāpana ʻākau o Siberia, ka Caucasus a me Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, a me nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Ukraine. Eia nō naʻe, lele lākou i ka hoʻoilo i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Asia: India a Ceylon. Lele kekahi mau ʻano i ka hema o ʻEulopa, e lele ka poʻe i ʻĀkau ʻAmelika.
He mau manu ākea kēia e kamaʻi a noho i nā kolone nui, a hiki i ke kauwela kauwela hiki ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi mau haneli.
Mai ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi lākou i loko o nā pūʻulu nui, e hoʻokele ana i nā pōpoki i ka pō, e hoʻopili ana i kā lākou mau hoalauna. Holo aku lākou i ka pūnaewele pākahi i ʻApelila, e hana ana i ka poʻe hipa o nā kaukani mau tausani. I kekahi manawa ua auwana i nā hipa me nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe (sparrows, crows, etc.).
Holo ka wīwī i ka wikiwiki o nā ʻohana nui, ke kokoke loa i kekahi i kekahi, no laila ke ʻano nui o lākou i nā "hina hina" i ka lewa, he mea kupanaha loa (e like me ka kiʻi o nā pua wana pua ʻulaʻula e lele ana ma luna o nā kumulāʻau.
I kēlā me kēia lā e hele ai i ka hānai i ke anuʻu, e wāhele i loko o kekahi mau pūʻulu. Ke ʻike nei lākou i ka mea pio, iho koke lākou i lalo i ka honua me kahi hipa āpau a hoʻouka i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻūhini i nā ʻūhini. Eia kekahi, lele ka hope ma hope o ka hipa, lele i mua, no laila ke "ao" me kona lele ʻana i nā nalu.
I ka pōʻino, hōʻuluʻulu nā manu i loko o nā kaiāulu nui a hoʻokuke aku i nā ʻenemi me nā kani nui e like me ke kaua. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou no ko lākou ʻano hakakā i ka wā e haʻalele ai lākou i nā manu ʻē aʻe mai nā hale manu i noho ʻia.
Nā hoʻohihi a me ka hoʻoulu
Ke ulu mai nei ka wā e ulu ai nā polikula a me nā keke a nā māla ʻulaʻula, kahi i loaʻa ai iā lākou ke loaʻa i nā meaʻai: nā iniseti like ʻole. E kau ana i ka pipi a me ka hana ʻana i Mei mai Iulai a like Aia ʻo ia i loko o kēia mau mahina e nui loa ka ʻōpala o nā ʻūlani āna e aloha ai.
ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā nests ma waena o nā puʻu, i nā pōhaku, i nā lua ma waena o nā pōhaku, nā lua i ʻeli ʻia ma ka pali i ka ulu lāʻau, ʻaʻole i emi pinepine i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou ma lalo o nā hale o nā hale a i nā hale manu i hana ʻia no lākou e nā kānaka.
ʻO nā ʻōhumu, kahi e noho ai nā hōkele a me nā mea ʻulaʻula, i ʻōhumu ʻia me ke kōkua o nā mea kanu, lāʻau maloʻo a me ka hulu manu. Hāʻawi ka wahine i nā māmā he 4-7 o nā kala hina hina, ʻo nā mākua ʻelua e paʻi iā lākou ma ka huli. Ma hope o 4-5 mau pule, hoʻomaka ʻia nā moa e nā ʻūlū a me nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe, e hoʻāʻo e lele. I ka ʻike ʻana e lele, ua ʻākoakoa nā ʻōpio i nā pūʻulu e neʻe iki a haʻalele i nā wahi hana.
ʻO nā pono a me nā hanaʻino i nā hōkū pink
Pōmaikaʻi ka hōkū Pink i nā kānaka ma ka luku ʻana i kahi nui o nā mea hihiu no kāna meaʻai a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa. I loko o ka lā, hiki i kekahi manu liʻiliʻi ke hopu a ʻai ma kahi o 200 o nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua hopu ʻia nā mākua i ka nui o ka wā no kona ʻōpio.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻai ka ʻula i nā ʻōpala, nā kukuna, nā kumulāʻau, cicadas, nā mea pōpoki a me nā mea snails. ʻO ka ʻono nui ka punahele ka ʻūlū, kahi i ʻoki ai ka manu i kona mau wāwae a me nā ʻēheu, a laila e hoʻopā i ka ʻāina i hōʻuluʻulu a me ka ʻapo. No kēia mea ua aloha ʻia a mahalo ʻia ʻo ia e nā māla mahiʻai a me nā mahi ʻai āpau, nona ka ʻūlū make i ʻai i nā mea kanu kūpono a me nā hua.
Hoʻohui pinepine ka wīlū i nā pā i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā lākou nā ʻōpala o nā pepeke, i luku ʻia i ka pīpī hope ʻole a i ʻole pop. Wahi a nā ʻike ʻike o nā mea ola o nā mea ola, ʻo ia ka mea nāna lākou i mālama i nā huaʻai ma Kazakhstan i ka makahiki 1944-45, i ka wā i hoʻopiha ʻia ai nā wahi i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā mea he nui o nā ʻūlū puaʻa, he mea hiki ʻole i nā hana hakakā me nā loea manuahi ke hoʻopiha piha.
Eia naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻāina, e hoʻokokoke loa i ka wā o ka ʻohi i ka wā e hoʻololi i ka mea kanu mea kanu, ua hōʻeha kēia mau manu i nā ʻohi a me nā māla waina. No laila, ma India, hiki i nā welo keʻokeʻo ke hōʻino a hōʻino i ka mahiʻai. Mālama nā Winemakers i kā lākou mea kanu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana ʻoihana: nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā mea uʻi manu, nā kīneke, pinepine nā kiaʻi i kau ʻia i nā māla waina e nānā i nā hana o nā hōkū.
Eia naʻe, ʻo nā pono o kēia mau manu i ka luku ʻana ʻana i nā ʻūhini he mau manawa he nui i ka pōʻino mai ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua a me nā mea kanu.
Nā Nīwili Honu
E like me kekahi o kona mau hoahānau, ʻōloʻomaʻo nā ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōpio: nā leo o nā manu ʻē aʻe (nā manu, nā ʻū a manuahi paha), ka ʻīlio a me nā pōkole, ka pōkole, Hoʻolima pinepine lākou i ke ʻano o ka pīpī o nā kānaka, nā ʻoni a me nā leo ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā manu e hele mai ana mai nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia e hiki ke ʻōlelo hou i nā leo o nā manu subtropika, a ʻo nā mea i kipa aku i nā ʻanuʻu a Kazakhstan hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālike i ka hamo ʻana o ka hipa, ka lawaiʻa ʻana o nā ʻīlio a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana aku o kahi uapo.
ʻO ka hīmeni ʻana o nā mele, ʻaʻole like ia me kahi mele mele, he maʻa a he aika ʻawa paha.
ʻO Shpak - kahi hoahānau pili pili i ka hōkū ʻulaʻula
He 40 mau 'āina nā' ohana ʻao. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he beak pololei ʻoi aku, noho ma ʻAsia, ʻApelika a me ʻEulopa. Hiki i kekahi haumāna ke hāʻawi i kahi pane i ka nīnau no pili i kēlā me kēia ʻulaʻula: ʻo ka welo a maʻamau paha a shpak, e pālahalaha loa ma ʻEulopa a me Rūsia, ma North America, Australia a me New Zealand.
Hoʻokoʻa loa ia mai kahi manu ʻulaʻula i kona kala hina-ʻeleʻele me nā pua keʻokeʻo a me kahi beak melemele, nā noho maikaʻi a me nā mea kanu (holoholona a me nā holoholona). ʻAʻole e like me nā hoa ʻulaʻula kaiāulu, e noho ana nā shpaks i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o kekahi mau pālua. Noho lākou i ka nahele nahele (like meaka) kokoke i ka wai a me nā māla liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā nahele ʻai. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma nā kālele o nā kumulāʻau, pinepine pinepine i nā kūlanakauhale ma kahi kokoke i nā poʻe ma nā hale manu manu a i ʻole nā manu hoʻi.
Kahele
ʻO ka palakaʻulaʻula ʻia ka mea maʻamau ma ʻEulopa Hema a me Central Asia. ʻIke ia ma Romania, Ukraine, hema Rusia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, ʻākau-komohana o Mongolia a me ka panalāʻau Kina o Xinjiang Uygur ʻonomkōkōlau Awana ma ka Dzungarian Plain.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau i mālama ʻia ma Polani, ʻo Czech Republic, Hungary, Montenegro, Bulgaria a me Italia, aneane loa i Farani a me ʻEnelani. Noho kēia holoholona i kahi ʻāpana, nā ʻāina paʻa, nā wao nahele a me nā wao nahele semi.
ʻO ka nui o ka wahi i noho e ka wahi e like me ka BirdLife International, ma kahi o 1.6 miliona mau mita square. km, a ua manaʻo ʻia ka lehulehu o ʻEulopa ma ka 180-520 tausani kanaka. Noho nui ka hoʻoilo ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o India a ma Sri Lanka.
ʻAno lawehala
Hoʻomaʻo ka honu maʻa pua a nā mea hihiu. ʻO kā lākou hulina punahele he mau mahelehele, nā hīmeni a me nā ʻūhini. Hoʻomau pinepine lākou i nā pua o Orthoptera (Orthopera), ka mea nui i nā makahiki o kā lākou hānau ʻana. No ka mea e ʻai ikaika ana kēia mau manu i ka ʻūhini, ʻike nā mākeke Tula iā lākou i nā manu laʻa. Noho loa kēlā hale moe 40-50 mau lā.
Inā nele i nā mea make liʻiliʻi, a laila e lawe ʻia no ka ʻai ikaika o nā hua mulberry a me nā hua waina. ʻO nā hua ʻē aʻe a me nā huaʻai e liʻiliʻi i ka makemake iā lākou. Pono lākou i ka komo pololei ʻana i ka wai, akā maʻamau ke pale aku i nā ʻāina ʻāina a i ʻole nā kai. Loaʻa nā hale papa i nā puʻu, nā māka a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonui ka meaʻai ma muli o nā hua kanu o nā mea kanu a me ka nectar pua.
Hoʻākoakoa ka nui o nā māla ʻulaʻula i ka hapa nui o ka waiwai ma ka papa o ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mau ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka lewa. Hoʻohana ka manu i nā ʻano huluhulu kime hui, me nā lālani mua e neʻe wikiwiki ana ma mua o nā lālani ma ka lepo, a mai ia manawa ka lele ʻana i mua a alakaʻi i ka pūʻulu. Loaʻa nā wahi o ka hale e noho ai ma 5-10 km mai nā kahua e hoʻoneʻe ʻia.
Ke ʻimi nei nā manu i nā meaʻai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a no ka neʻe ʻana e hōʻiliʻili ai lākou i loko o nā holoholona he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā lele ma nā ʻāina alpine.
E lele ka huakaʻi i ke ao ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1000 m.ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i kekahi manawa he 580 km. No kēia huakaʻi holo lōʻihi, hiki i ka dehydration ke hele i 88%, no laila ke hoʻomau nei nā manu i ka neʻe ʻana ma hope o kahi hoʻomaha lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻōʻī a nā hōkū ʻulaʻula a pōkole Makemake lākou i ka hīmeni ma ke mele, i kā lākou hīmeni ʻana, me nā mele mele hoʻonaninani, aia nā hoʻopiʻi, ke kiki a me ka like ʻana o nā ʻano leo i hoʻopuni ʻia a puni. ʻO ke mele mele mele e hohola ana i kona mau ʻēheu, puʻu ka pūliki a me nā hulu ma kona umauma.
ʻAno hānau
Ma Asia Wīwī, hoʻomaka ke ʻano hānai ʻana mai ka waena o ʻApelila a hiki i ka makahiki mua o Mei, a ma ʻĀsia ʻEulopa mai ka hapalua o Mei a hiki i ke kau waena o Iune. Kūpono ʻia nā poʻe o kēia ʻano i ke ʻano o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Loaʻa ka polikika ma ka pua i loko o nā ʻalāʻau lāʻau, nā puʻu pōhaku, nā pā hale i lalo o nā hale o nā hale. ʻO nā kolana ʻoihana e hiki ai i kekahi manawa ke loaʻa he mau tausani mau pālua pua.
Hana ʻia ka nīnū mai ka ʻōpala, nā lau a me nā aʻa. I loko, ua kālai ʻia me nā hulu, manu, a me ka lauoho holoholona. I nā manawa pinepine, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā lālā o ka wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) a me ka ferula vulgaris (Ferula komunis), kahi e kāpae ʻia nā hua lāʻau.
Hiki i kahi kāne mare ke hoʻohana i kēia pūnana no nā makahiki he nui. E hānai ka wahine mai 3 a 6 i nā hua poli ʻili ʻia e 25-33 e 19-23 mm. Hāpai ka masonry e nā mākua no nā 14-16 mau lā. ʻAi pū lākou i nā pipi hānai me nā anisona a me nā mea hoihoi. Ekolu mau makahiki a hala, lilo nā ʻōiwi i nā ʻēheu, akā e hoʻomau ma ka kākoʻo o nā mākua no kahi he 2 wiki, e neʻe ikaika loa i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā manu ʻōpio e like me nā hōkū maʻamau (Sturnus vulgaris), akā, ʻokoʻa ia mai iā lākou e kahi ʻukuniʻu melemele pōkole a he kino lalo ʻole e pili ana i nā ʻēheu pouli.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā pākeke he 19-22 cm, ʻokoʻa nā ʻēheu he 37-40 cm.ʻO ke kaupaona awelika he 75 g. ʻO ka plumage ma ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, ua ulaula, ma ke poʻo, ke poʻo, ka ʻālī, nā ʻēheu a me ke kua. Ke keʻokeʻo nā hulu ʻeleʻele i lalo.
I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, he melemele nā wāwae, a i ke hoʻoilo, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. I nā wahine, he brownish mau lehe, a ʻo nā kāne hoʻi kahi māpala pua. ʻO nā tapers beak i ka kihi a ke kulou iki. Aia ʻeleʻele loa kona ʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka mea haʻahaʻa. ʻEleʻele ka iris a me nā haumāna o nā maka.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi hōkū pink i vivo ma kahi o 11 mau makahiki.
A ʻano ʻano ʻano manuahi
Ma ke ʻano o ka spar, aia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau manu.
- Palapala ʻa ʻia ʻo Amethyst, e noho ana ma ʻApelika ʻAau, he polū ʻulaʻula uliuli ʻulaʻula, e ʻai ana i nā mea inu manu a me nā hua.
- Kūleʻa ka poʻokela - ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻē aʻe me kahi koʻo iʻa ʻulaʻula a me nā wāwae ikaika me ia e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻili o ka puaʻa, ʻili ʻo ia i kona ʻili e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai.
- Kūleʻa ka wīwī - ke noho nei i nā ʻaoʻao komohana o India, Australia, ko lākou ola ʻana me ka ʻai me ka wai ʻana.
- Hoʻolimalima ʻia ka hōkele manu ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā mea ʻulaʻula ulaula ma nā ʻēheu, he nui nā nui (a hiki i 30 cm).
- Pāheʻe manu ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā hulu manu ʻē aʻe - noho ma Indonesia, he kino keʻokeʻo, a ua hoʻonani ʻia nā ʻēheu a me nā ʻūhā me nā ʻākena ʻeleʻele, ʻili ka ʻili i nā maka i ka waihoʻoluʻu i ke kala, ʻai ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā pepeke.
ʻO nā hōʻailona e pili ana i nā hōkū
He mea maʻamau loa nā mele ma ke ʻano, a ua lōʻihi ka poʻe i nā ʻōlelo a me nā ʻano ʻōlelo like ʻole i pili i kā lākou ʻano.
- ua hele mai ka wā ākea - ke hiki mai ana ka pūnāwai,
- inā hele mua nā manu, e mahana a ka pūnāwai.
- i ka wā e lele ʻole mai ai ka hoʻoilo no ka manawa lōʻihi, e maloʻo ka lulu.
- ma hope o ka hoʻā ʻana ʻana o ka nini ʻana ka ua ma ka pō.
Aneane āpau i nā ʻano a pau o ka wai, a a me nā mākele i noho ma hope o kekahi ke loaʻa i kā lākou ʻano kūʻokoʻa.
Nā manu tapu
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua mahalo ka lahui ʻAmelika i nā hōkū ʻulaʻula me nā manu laʻa. ʻO kā lākou hoʻihoʻi ʻana, a me kekahi ʻano hoʻomana haipule i ʻōhaha ʻia ma waena o nā ʻohana ʻAsia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ia i nā hanohano o "nā keiki o ka lewa."
ʻO kēia ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻūhini, kahi e hoʻopau mau ai nā ʻōpala i ka hapa nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana mai nā poʻe mahiʻai a me nā poʻe koho. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke hakakā i kēia pūlima, no ka mea aia me nā mea ʻole a me nā mea inikini ua hoʻohana i kēia manawa i ka mahiʻai. No laila, hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻopailua i nā ʻūlū ma nā wahi āpau i ka pōloli a me ka ʻilihune. Pahu koke ka lele ʻana i nā ʻōpū piha o nā manu me ka polū-ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i hoʻopau i nā ʻūhini i ʻane piha loa, no laila e hoʻopakele ana i nā kānaka.
No laila, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hōkū a me nā ʻelele o nā akua maikaʻi e kōkua i ka poʻe.