ʻO Columba palumbus ka inoa Latin no kēia manu mai ka ʻohana pigeon. "Columba" ka inoa kahiko o nā manu i loko o Helene kahiko, nona mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene ʻo ke ʻano "diver" a hāʻawi ʻia no ke ʻano maʻamau o kekahi mau luna o nā ʻano ʻano e hoʻolalelale i lalo i loko o ka lele. ʻAʻole maopopo ia ka etymology o ka huaʻōlelo "palumbus", akā i ke ʻano he "dove" wale nō. ʻO Vyakhir a me Vituten nā inoa kānaka o kēia ʻano ʻānela ka mea e huna ʻia i ka mōʻaukala o ka manawa.
He aha ka mea like?
ʻO ke kanaka manu ʻōiwi hihiu he nui ke kino me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 40 cm, a ua loaʻa hou aku. Wingspan - 75 cm.
ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, he mau ʻēheu liʻiliʻi nā vahir a me kahi ʻoi lōʻihi no ka manu manu o kēia nui.
ʻO ka paona o ka manu mai 500 g a i ka 1 kg. ʻO kēia hoʻi nā lūlū.
Vahir - he manu nunu e akahele loaʻAʻole makemake ʻia e ʻike ʻia. Ke hele nei kahi kāne, hele nā pualikau nui a hūnā. ʻO ka hina nui nā kala nui o ka ʻāpana me ka hue mau a me ka hue. He ʻulaʻula a he melemele paha ka beak, kahi ʻōniʻoniʻo ka ʻāʻī, hiki i ka goiter ke turquoise a lilac paha. Ua hoʻonani ʻia nā ʻēheu me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
ʻOihana: ʻoi aku ka puaʻa vahir (25 kiʻi)
Hoʻaiho
Noho ʻo Wituiten ma East and Western Europe, a me ʻAmelika Komohana, a ma Asia. Ma Lūkia e loaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao o ʻEulopa.
Hoʻaiho ʻokoʻa no ka manu nahele. Loaʻa ʻo Vitutyen i nā mauna mauna o ʻAmelika Wā. Akā ua hoʻonohonoho ka manu i nā ʻuʻu i nā wahi a pau a komo i nā kai nahele. Loaʻa nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a me nā kanu kanu liʻiliʻi ma nā kuahiwi. Inā ʻaʻole e ʻalupū ka manu i ka manu, e hana nō i ka pūnana i kekahi mea kanu.
Mālama ʻia ma ia wahi hiki i kahi vortex hiki ke migratory a noho paha. ^ E Ha yM. Mai ka ʻīpuka kūkulu ʻākau, e neʻe ana ka manu nunu i nā wahi mahana. ʻAʻole kūpono nā wao o ka Crimea a me kahi Caucasus no ka noho mau ʻana.
Ma nā mauna ʻākau, makemake paha ka manu i ka nahele ulu coniferous. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻomohala ʻia i nā ululāʻau palu me nā ʻoka ʻoka. Hiki ke noho i ka nahele ulu-alaʻu.
ʻAiʻoki i ka hua a mālama i nā moa
A pau ka hana ʻana o ka pili, ka manu o ka vahir i kau mua i kahi hua hoʻokahi, a laila ka lua. Ma hope o kēia, hoʻomaka nā manu e honi iā lākou. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manu manu i kēia kaʻina hana, ʻoiai ke komo pū nei ʻo ia i ka palekana o kona wahi noho. I ka makahiki wale nō, loaʻa kēia mau manu iā 1-2 mau.
Ma hope oʻelua mau pule o ka hatching, puka mai nā moa mai nā hua. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e hānai iā lākou me nā pigeons lōʻihi ma kahi o 40 lā. I ka mua, e hānai nā mākua i nā pona me nā mea huna mai kā lākou ake goiter, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "waiu manu". Hoʻolaha, kau nā keiki i nā ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe, e ʻike ai me kāna ʻano ʻano nui. I loko o ka'ōlelo "Pigeon Chicks" hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kēia kumuhana.
I ka wā hānaiʻai, aʻo nā manu ʻōpio i ka lele, a laila hoʻomaka i ke ola kūʻokoʻa. ʻO kona lōʻihi e pili ana i 16 mau makahiki.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Vahir i ka hele ʻana o ke kanaka. ^ E Ha yM. A hoʻomanaʻo paha kēlā kanaka i ka manu o ka wā i hala ma ke kumuhana o ka hopu.
Kuhi ʻia kahi puaʻa manu i kahi pūnana i kahi noho o nā kānaka ma kahi o 1.5-2 km. Eia nō naʻe, he mea maoli kēia hiʻohiʻona no Russia. I Europe, loaʻa paha ʻo vyahir i nā māla mahi kokoke i nā kānaka. I kekahi manawa ua loaʻa ʻo vyahiri i nā kūlanakauhale nui, ʻaʻole naʻe i kūleʻa ka manu i ka neʻe ʻana i nā megacities. E noho ana lākou i nā nahele mamao.
Hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Vyahiri i nā hipa o nā keneta. Nui ka nui o kā lākou hōʻemi i ka wā o ka lele mokulele.
Nā hoʻonohonoho like o nā manu i nā nahele ulu koniferous a me ke aloha, akā makemake lākou e ʻai i nā mahina i lawa ai ka meaʻai no lākou. I nā ulu coniferous e makemake ia i nā blueberries. ʻAʻole hoʻonani ka manu i nā pūliki; hiki iā ia ke noho ma ko lākou wahi.
ʻOiai i ka mālama ʻana i ka natura, ikaika nui ka manu a me ka launa pū me nā hoahānau. I kona leo, ua kani ke kani a nā ʻano o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. A lawe aku nei, ʻōlehu pinepine ka hulu i kona mau eheu.
Mea ʻai
Ma nā kūlanakauhale, e ʻai ka manu i ka ʻai a me nā hua. ʻO ka maʻamau kēia o ka manu.
ʻO Vahir, e like me nā pigeons āpau, he herbivorous. ^ E Ha yM. Makemake ʻo ia i nā grains e hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ma ka honua. Hiki iā ia ke hānai i ka cereal mai nā lāʻau. Mālama i nā hua waina a me nā hua mai nā mea kanu nāʻu, nā ʻōpala, nāʻu. Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka manu i nā cereals a me nā limu. ʻO ka wehewehe no kēia addiction ke kiʻekiʻe nui o ka ʻai o nā meaʻai.
Hiki i kahi manu hihiu ke hānai i kahi ʻai kanaka inā hoʻokumu ʻole ia i kahi mamao aku mai ka home o kahi kanaka.
ʻAiʻai ʻo Wahir hiki ke hōʻike e like me kēia:
- nā hua kanu coniferous
- mauʻu huʻu
- nā hua mai nā kumu lāʻau
- nā pua āpau
- ʻōpū mai nā lālā
- ʻōpio ʻōpiopio
- mea kanu
- pepona
- nā hua ʻē aʻe: currants, hua waina, honeysuckle.
ʻAno hānau
Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, ua paʻa ka pepa i nā kāne a i ʻole nā male, a me kahi nui o nā ʻōpiopio. Akā ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ua loli ka loli. Wehe ka ʻohana, hana nā manu i nā ʻāpana a mare a hoʻomaka e hānai. E mau ana ka manawa mai ʻApelila a Kepakemapa.
ʻO ke ʻano o kahi vahir i ka wā ʻoihana e like me ka pigeon hina. ʻIke ke kāne i kahi papa papahele a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e mare. Noho pono nā kāne kāne ma kēia ʻano. ʻO ka ʻano like e pili ana i ka huki ʻana i ka wahine. Hoʻopaʻa nui ke kāne, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kakahiaka, e ʻimi ana i ka wahine. Ke noi aku nei ke kāne i nā wahine i lele me lākou e lele ana e hālāwai me lākou.
Ke hana nei i ka mare, manu hoʻomaka nā hale i kūkulu i kahi pā. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke koho pono o kahi e kau ai i ke kāne. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo nā paena waena o ka nahele kahi kūpono no ka nano. E hoʻomoʻa i ka pūnana ma waena o nā lālā nui, e hoʻopili iā lākou me nā mea liʻiliʻi. I kekahi mau lā ua mākaukau ka ulu. He kūpono no nā ʻano manu o nā manu ʻē aʻe no ke kūkulu ʻana.
A laila huli ke kāne a wili a pili i ka wahine. ʻO kēia ka hana o nā pāʻani pāʻani.
Ma hope o ka noho ʻana waiho ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua a laila ʻo ka lua. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka ka wā inkubation, e lawe ana i nā lā 15-18. ʻO ka wahine a me ke kāne ke noho ana i nā hua i huli. Akā noho lōʻihi ka wahine, no ka mea ke pili pū ka kāne ma ka pale o ka pale.
Mālama ka makuahine i nā pīpī i puka mai no hoʻokahi mahina a me nā mea huna mai ka goiter. Aia ka ʻohana i loko o ka pūnana a hiki i 40 mau lā, a laila e aʻo lākou e lele a hoʻomaka e noho kūʻokoʻa. Noho ʻo Vyahiri ma kahi o 16 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka manu a me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona
Nui nā manu ʻōpala i nā palahele maikaʻi loa, e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ana me kahi hāpala hina. ʻO kēia kala he manawa kūpono ia e hūnā ai i nā mea wānana. Ma hope o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻike nā ʻenemi i ka manu nunu, no laila he mea ʻoi aku ka hele ʻole e ʻike. Ma ka umauma he ʻulaʻula nui, ma ka ʻāʻī - ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi paila metallic. I ka lā, ua nani nā hulu manu o nā manu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kona mau hoa kū, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lele. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ka huelo ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 cm. ʻO ko lākou paona ke hiki ke piʻi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kilogram. Eia nō kekahi, ua loaʻa nā mea kaupaona hoʻokahi a me ka hapa ʻikepili.
He poʻo liʻiliʻi nona nā hulu lehu. Aia i ka muzzle he mau maka ʻeleʻele mau. ʻEleʻele ka rim a puni ka haumana. ʻO kahi beakʻula ʻōlapa ulaula i ke kumu me kahi kui melemele ākea. Aia ke poʻo ma ka ʻāʻī o kahi i kālai ʻia me ka ʻāpana metallic, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka palaki he ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa.
ʻO kahi hulukulu kahiʻu huluhulu e hamo ana i ka wā o ka lele, kahi e hōʻike ai i ke kaula transverse keʻokeʻo. Pihi aku nā ʻēheu i ka lele i ka 80 cm. Aia a lele ka manu, ʻike ʻoe i nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nani e kū ana i nā ʻēheu ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. Hiki i ka wingpan nui ke piʻi aku i ka 180 km / h. ʻAʻole weliweli nā ka neʻe ʻana i ka wā hele no ka vahirs - hiki iā lākou ke uhi i kahi mamao a hiki i 1000 km me ka hoʻomake ʻole.
Aia ke kino ma luna o nā wāwae manamana o kahi hue pinkish-ʻulaʻula. ʻAe nā nāhele i ka aahi manu e kiʻi maʻalahi i nā lālā.
I nā hebedoma mua o ke ola, ʻaʻole nui like ka plumage o nā moa i ka ʻōpio makua. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā kamaliʻi e ka pala hina hina. Loaʻa wale me nā makahiki, e lilo i mea hoihoi a hoihoi i.
Apana ʻāina
He wahi ākea nui ʻo Wyahir. Noho ia ma aneane o Europa a pau, koe wale nō nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Ma kekahi mau wahi, ʻaʻole i noho ka manu i hoʻokahi makahiki, i ka wā anuanu, e lele ana i nā keena wela, akā e hoʻi ana i laila i ka pūnāwai. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ka mahina o ka hoʻoilo i ka wā hoʻoilo, kahi e ʻai ai ka manu nunu.
Hoʻohana ka manu manu i ka hapanui o ko lākou manawa i loko o nā ululāʻau coniferous, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i noho i nā wahi kīhaha ma nā wahi kīnā.
Wikiō: Vahir
Aia nā ʻano mele o ka subspecies, a i ʻole nā moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻāpana a me ka nui o ka wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī.
- ke ola nei nā subspecies ma ʻEulopa, Siberia, ma Africa ʻĀkau,
- nā subspecies o Azores (C. p. azorica) mai nā mokupuni o Azores ka ʻeleʻele loa a me ka ʻōpiopio,
- ʻO nā subspecies o Iran (C. p. Iranica), ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā pige European.
- i kahi o nā subspecies o Kleinschmidt (C. p. kleinschmidti) i hōʻike ʻia mai Scotland,
- ʻO nā subspesies o Asia (C. p. Casiotis, C. p. Kirmanica) - kahi i hānau ʻia ʻo ka Himalona, nā ʻōpū ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻāʻele.
- ʻĀpana ʻĀpana Hikina ʻĀpana (C. p. Excelsa) ʻaʻole kūlike i ka ʻĀulana,
- he subspecies o Gigi (C. p. ghigii) noho i ka mokupuni o Sardinia.
I nā hua wahine 33 - 35 mau ʻano. I ka ʻano o kēia mana, aia wale nā manu i ka Old Old ia, me ka ʻole o ka sisar i lawe i mua i loko. Pigeons o kēia hui i kū mai ma ka Late Miocene 7-8 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a ʻike maopopo ʻole ia he kūpuna maʻamau me nā ʻAmelika, e noho nei i ka New a i ka Old World paha - ʻaʻole i hele mai nā ʻepekema i ka hopena hoʻokahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha nā vortex e like
Kūʻokoʻa maikaʻi ʻo Vyakhir i nā pigeons ʻē aʻe i ka nui a me ka waihoʻoluʻu. ʻO ia ka nui o nā kukupa home: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kāne ka like i 40 a 46 cm, nā wāhine mai 38 a 44 cm ke kaupaʻa nei ka male i ka 460 - 600 g, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, hoʻopili ʻia, me nā ʻēheu pōkole a me ka huelo lōʻihi.
ʻAʻohe kiko e ʻike ka lahilahi dimorphism i ke kala. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka lole o nā kāne a pau i loko o ka blish-hina, i nā manawa a me nā kala ʻehā. ʻO ka lalo o ke kino, a me ka lalo o nā eheu, he alaula ka māmā, i ʻike ʻia i ka lele. Aia ma luna o nā ʻēheu e pālahalaha ana, kahi kūlou keʻokeʻo e kū nei, i kiʻi ʻia e nā kaheleleʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka hulu uhi uhi a kokoke i nā hulu pulu manuʻula.
Keleʻele ka hulu ʻili ma nā welau. Aia nā wahi keʻokeʻo e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī, e like me ka palena ma waena o ke poʻo palala a me ka goiter a me ka ʻulaʻula a me ka umauma. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi ma mua o nā wahine. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kahi inoa inoa hohonu - kahi ʻāua e hoʻonui i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī, ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā kāne. ʻĀnō ka ʻōlea me kahi kīpoki polū, he keʻokeʻo nā wāwae, he kukui ke kua.
ʻOi aku ka ulaula o nā ʻalā ʻōpiopio, me nā wahi ʻole ma ka ʻāʻī a me kahi pua metala. ʻO ka beak he ʻulaʻula me kahi papa keʻokeʻo. Ka lele maikaʻi maoli kahi manu, inā hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mokulele, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou kūlanakauhale cisar. Ua haʻalele i ka hune, e huli ana i ka lewa. A ke neʻe nei, ke kani nui nei a palani nui ana i kona mau eheu. Ua hele ʻo ia e like me nā manu pige liʻiliʻi i nā wāwae liʻiliʻi a piʻi wale i kona poʻo. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā lālā a me nā wili. Hōʻalo nā ʻūhā, nā uwē. Hāpai ke ola no nā makahiki 16 a i ʻole.
Aia i hea ke ola o ka vahir?
ʻAha: Vakhir i Lūkia
Pahu ʻia ʻo ka nūnū ākea o Vitutnya i ʻEulopa akā ʻo ke ʻākau ʻākau o Scandinavia (ma Rūsia ma ka palena ʻākau i Arkhangelsk), ke komohana hema o Siberia a i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tomsk ma ka hikina (e lele ana kekahi mau manu), ka Caucasus a me Crimea, ʻākau ʻo Kazakhstan, Central Asia, ka Himalaya, Kina. Hikina Waena, ʻĀpana ʻAmelika. I ka hapa nui o kāna ākea, hana ia i nā mokulele wākona. Noho kekahi makahiki i loko o ʻEulopa hema (e hoʻomaka ana mai ke kūkulu hema o ʻEnelani), hema hemaʻo Turkmenistan, i ka manawa pinepine i ka Caucasus a me Crimea no ka hoʻoilo. Ma Himalaya, nā kuahiwi o Afghanistan a me Middle Hikina, he mau wale nō. Ma Africa (Algeria, Morocco a me Tunisia), ua noho ʻulu nā manu a me nā mea lele mai ʻEulopa i ka hoʻoilo.
He manu lāʻau maʻamau ʻo Wituiten, akā hiki i ka manawa ke noho i waena o nā mea kanu lāʻau. Noho ma ka ulu lāʻau o nā kuahiwi a i nā pāpū kekahi o kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole makemake ia i nā kuʻulāʻau nāwā ʻole, akā nā wao nahele a me nā mālamalama, nā kahawai muliwai, nā ʻaukā ka nahele. Ma nā wahi ʻāpana ʻole i noho ʻole ʻia e noho ana i nā kuahiwi kahelehe, nā ʻāina hoʻopuka a me nā popo. Inā hiki, ʻalo ʻo ia i ka pili o nā kauā, akā inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i pā, no ka laʻana, ma nā ʻāina ʻē o ʻEulopa, noho ʻo ia i loko o nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale, ma lalo o nā hale, ma nā balconies a me nā mahina ʻai kokoke. Ua hōʻike ʻia mākou ma nā pā kahiko ma St. Petersburg.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I ʻEnelani, ʻo vajir ka mea maʻamau o nā manu. ʻOi aku ka helu ma laila ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 miliona mau pālua. Noho ʻo ia i nā māla a me nā māla o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale o ka ʻāina, e hānai ana i ka lilo o ke kanaka a hiki ʻole ke kapa ʻia ʻo "ka nahele".
ʻĀnō ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka uahi. E ʻike i nā mea e ʻai ai kēia manu.
He aha kahi mea e vosa?
Whakaahua: Bird Vahir
Hiki i kahi puahiwi ke ʻai i nā mea āpau e hiki ai i ka lāʻau hihiu ke ʻai aku a ʻoi aku. Hōʻalo nā Pigeons i ka hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai mai ka lepo, akā he mea ʻē aʻe kahi ʻēheu wye. Hiki iā ia ke ʻohi i nā ʻāpana ʻai i nā mea kanu, e hele ana ma ka ʻāina a noho i nā lālā lāʻau.
ʻO kāna kīʻai e komo ai:
- ʻO nā hua o nā cereals, legumes, cruciferous, a me asteraceae nā ʻāpana nui o ka papa hana. Hoʻohui pū me nā hua pā maloʻo, nā mea kanu, ka buckwheat, hemp, ka lā.
- nā meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, a me nā lau ʻōpio lau o ke kolo, ke kīhāpai a me nā kīhāpai e kanu pinepine ʻia ai a me ka kāpeti.
- nā hua momona (honeysuckle, blueberries, lingonberry, elderberries, cherry bird, mauna ʻuni, blueberries, currants, mulberry, rose hips, huaʻai),
- ʻāʻī, nā ʻaleka, ka beech, pine a hoʻoulu i nā hua,
- ʻōpala i ʻai i ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna,
- nā pepeke a me nā mollusks,
- ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i nā ʻōpala o nā wahi noho.
E like me nā holoholona ʻai ʻai he nui, ua hoʻopau ka vakhir i nā ʻōpala - kahi ala palaoa no ka hana ʻana i nā hua kanu. Ma ke kaupaona hiki ke hōʻea i 2 g. Ma kahi noho hoʻokahi, hiki i ka puaʻa ke hopu i ka 100 g o ka palaoa, a i ʻole 75 g o nā acorns. Loaʻa ka nui o kahi pānaʻi i nā kūlana - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka kanu ʻana i ka ʻāina, ʻo nā makana hou o nā kīhāpai i ka papaʻa pigeon. Hiki paha ke hōʻhewa iā ia no kēia? Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ia e hao pinepine i ka mea kanu, hōʻiliʻili nui i nā mea i koe i nā mahinaʻai ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. I kēia manawa, ulu nui nā pipi, a ʻūnū nā manu i nā hipa i nā māla i mea e loaʻa ai ka ikaika i mua o ka holo. Eia mai ka manawa o ka hopu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Whakaahua: Ka makani ʻo Pigeon
ʻO kēia mau manu hihiu he mau manu nā nahele e hūnā malū ana i nā lei o nā kumulāʻau i ka wā ulu. I loko o kēia manawa, ʻo ka moe ʻana wale nō o nā kāne a me nā ʻōpio o nā moa e hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā i ko lākou noho ʻana. E nānā nui nā manu, hopohopo, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei i kahi pū me nā hua. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, i kahi lewa hoʻomaha, e hoʻohana ʻo vyahiri i ka nohona kanaka o nā kānaka a hiki ke noho i loko o nā kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka hapanui e mālama i nā pakanā, akā hiki i nā hoalauna ke hui kokoke i ka wai a i nā wahi hānai, e mālama pinepine ʻia i ke kakahiaka a ma mua o ka lā. Ke kīleʻa aku nei i nā moa, hoʻākoakoa lākou i nā hipa, nui lākou i ka hāʻule nui.
Noho mau nā manu i nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka laʻu mai, mai ke ʻākau a lele lākou no ka hoʻoilo, a e neʻe paha i ka hema. No ka laʻana, lele ka manu ʻo Crimean i ʻEulopa hema, a hele mai nā ʻūhiko i Crimea no ka hoʻoilo. E hana ka haʻalele i nā manawa like ʻole, e hoʻomaka ana ma Kepakemapa (Leningrad Region) a hoʻopau i ʻOkakopa (Volga Delta) akā, ma kekahi ʻano, haʻalele ke kula āpau i hoʻokahi mahina. Hoʻi hou ka hoʻi i nā ala like ʻole. Ma nā ʻāina hema, puka mai nā manu mai ka hoʻomaka o Malaki, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau - i ʻApelila - mua o Mei.
Ke neʻe nei nā manu i hala i ka hapa mua o ka lā; no ka hele ʻana i ka pō ua koho lākou i kahi nahele i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike maikaʻi. Kūkulu ʻia lākou ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i kahi palekana palekana, no ka mea, e hoʻolilo lākou i mau pōkole ma luna o ka pūnaewele. I ka huakaʻi i ka huakaʻi, hoʻohana lākou i nā ala like ʻole, akā ʻano ʻano like lākou.I ka pūnāwai ko lākou hoʻohele ʻana i ka lā holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana, a i ka wā pau o ka hoʻoilo a pau lākou i kaʻa no ka hānai i nā mahina ʻai o ka hoʻoilo, kāpī, i nā mahina me nā ʻala, a ma nā ulu lāʻau. Noho nā manu hoʻoilo i nā ʻāpana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka huki ʻana i nā mea a pau mai ka mahina ʻai.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ke kau nei i nā mea hele i loko o ka pā, ʻaʻole i pau nā mālama manu i ko lākou mālama. No laila, makemake lākou e hānai i waena o nā ʻūhā, ʻaʻohe i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kuli, nā mea kanu, a i ʻole ma nā lau mauʻu. No ka hōʻike ʻana i ka palekana o ka kahua, kanu nā mea lawaiʻa i nā mea pīpī a me nā manu hihiu ma luna. I ka manawa like, no ka hoʻohanohano nui ʻana, pono ke ʻano o nā holoholona i hoʻopuni ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ka hānai, nā sendinel a me nā mea noho, pono ʻia.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻAoʻi: Birds Vahir
He manu hilinaʻi manu ka pigeon. ʻO nā hoa wahine i lawe ʻē aʻe i ke kau e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hoʻoilo me kahi mahele o kahi pūnaewele maʻamau, a ʻike nā ʻōpio i kā lākou mau halele ma ka wahi. ʻO kahi hoʻomake hoʻokahi kāne i kahi pūnaewele a kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona pono. ʻO ke mele aloha a wahir ka like me ko kahi puʻululu puʻu e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia i ka gu-gu-gu.
E hīmeni ana ka manu nunu pono ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau, wehe pinepine ʻia, hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻolālā i lalo. Ke kū ʻole nei i ka lāʻau, ala hou aʻe i kekahi manawa. Ke ʻike nei i ka wahine, wehe iā ia a hoʻolālā e hoʻi i ka pūnaewele, e kāhea ana. E hui pū ʻia ka hana mare me ka ʻūʻū kāhuli kuli a me ke kakaka me kāna huelo. Inā ʻae ka wahine, e hana ʻo ia i kahi hōʻailona no ka hele ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻo Vyahiri i kahi ʻuʻuku a me ke anu.
Ua koho ka kāne i kahi i loaʻa ai kahi pūnana i kahi ʻāpana ma nā lālā a i ʻole ma ka paia kahi i ka palena o 2,5 - 20 m. Hoʻohui ke kāne i nā ʻōpio, a hana ka wahine i kahi ʻōpala o lākou, he ʻano ʻano nui me ka lele: he puʻu me ka lōʻihi o 25 - 45 cm me ke kaumaha ma waena. A laila waiho ʻo ia i ʻelua mau hua a hoʻomaka nā mākua ʻelua e hānai iā lākou. E tupu ana kēia i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ʻole kakahiaka o Mei. ʻO ka brood ʻelua, inā kūleʻa, hana lākou i ke waena o ke kauwela.
Aia ka hatching 17 mau lā. Ua ukali ʻia kēia me ka wā hānai o 26 - 28 mau lā, ma ke ʻano he ʻelua i komo ai nā mākua ʻelua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lā mua i kekahi mau lā i ka waiū goiter, a laila i ka kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, akā ua hui pū me nā ʻano palaoa a me ka waiū. Hoʻomaka i ka makahiki ʻekolu o nā hebedoma, hoʻomaka ka ʻōpio i ka haʻalele i ka nalo no kahi lā, e hoʻi ana i ke ahiahi. Ke lele holo loa a holo iā lākou no ka lā mau lā, e loaʻa ana ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau mākua. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina e lilo lākou i kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
Mea ʻoi: ʻO ka lā kāne o ke kāne he wehewehe ʻia penei: ʻaʻo kakahiaka kakahiaka e 4.2% o ka manawa, ʻaina kakahiaka 10,4%, lā huehue 2.8%, hoʻomaʻemaʻe hulu 11.9%, incubation 22.9%, pāʻina ʻaina 10,4%, hoʻomaʻemaʻe hulu hulu - 4.2%, hōʻalo i ke ahiahi - 6,2%, hiamoe - 27%. ʻO ka papa hana wahine ka like me kēia: ka ʻaina kakahiaka - 10,4%, hoʻomaʻemaʻe - 8,3%, ʻaina ʻaina - 4,2%, incubation + hiamoe - 77.1%.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka wyahir
Kuhi: He aha nā vortex e like
I ka ulu lāʻau, ʻo ka pigeon mānoʻā nā mea momona. Hāpai ka nui o nā mea wīwī i kona mau niho a, keu, he beaks.
- ʻO ka goshawk a me ka sparrow hawk e ʻānai ana i ka lewa a me nā lālā,
- hölule pocone manuahi he manu haki manu, ulu a ikaika hoʻi.
- Kekahi manu - "ʻīlio hulu", hoʻomake i nā manu nāwaliwali, nā mea pio ma nā pipi a me nā hua ma nā noro.
- ʻAʻole hiki i ka hoʻomie a me ke jay ke mālama i kahi manu pākeke, akā ʻai nō lākou i nā hua - ma kekahi mau wahi, e like me nā manaʻo, a hiki i ka 40%.
- ʻO Kekuʻumi kekahi punahele nui o nā hua manu.
Hāʻawi ka poʻe i nā manu i ka hopohopo nui a hoʻēmi i kā lākou mau helu ʻelua, ke kī ʻana i ka hopu, a me ka hema ʻole, ka hoʻololi a me ka mea ʻono o ko lākou wahi noho. Ke hoʻonui nei ka māiʻu ʻana i ka nui o ka lehulehu i haʻalele i nā manu hānai e waiho ana i ko lākou mau wahi huna a hoʻi i ka lehelehe nui a me nā kihi mamao, ke lilo nei ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pesticides, ka mea, ʻo ka DDT i pāpā ʻia i kēia manawa, i hōʻeha loa i ka helu o nā pigeons. Loaʻa hoʻi i ka ʻimi ʻia no lākou, ʻo ka mea āpau loa. Akā ʻo Vyakhir kahi mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka ʻāina mahiai, ʻaʻole ia e pāpā loa aku i ka hana ʻana no ia mea.
ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi mea o ke kaohi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, e like me nā kūlana kime. Hoʻoulu nā puna wai a me nā ʻāʻī ʻālehu i ka pili ʻana i ka lawena, no laila, ʻaʻole nā manawa manu e waiho i ka lua o ka lua. ʻO ke ʻano anu hoʻoilo a me ka nele o ka meaʻai, ke alakaʻi nei i ka make nui: 60-70% o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a ma kahi o 30% o nā manu makua e make.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I ke Kuban nui nā winters ka hoʻoilo. He mauʻuʻuku wale ʻia nā tausani hipa e ka poʻe hahai, ʻoiai ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻae ʻana e pana i nā makahiki a pau a hiki wale aku i Dekemaba 31. Me ka hoʻōla ʻana ma waena o nā manu, hoʻomaka kekahi maʻi maʻi kandidiasis, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha ma mua o ka hiʻona. Manaʻo ia i ke kūpono e hoʻonui i ka manawa pana e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka helu a pale i ka overpopulation.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
He nui loa ka honua honua o ka vyahiri - helu lākou ma kahi o 51 - 73 miliona mau kānaka. Hoʻohui pū ma ʻEulopa, nona ka 80% o ka pae, 40.9 - 58 miliona mau kānaka e ola (e like me ka data a 2015). Aia ka heluna nui ma ka East Baltic faritra. Ma ka aoao holoʻokoʻa, e māhuahua pinepine ana ka laulima ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana i Scandinavia a me nā Faroe Islands (Denmark). ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka hoʻomohala ʻana e ka lālani o ka agrolandscapes a me ka nui o ka ʻai i kēia mau wahi. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻaihue ʻana ma ʻEnelani, Farani, Hungary, ʻEkoka.
I loko o ka māhele māhele, ʻike ʻia ka vitiuti me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole a like ʻole, me ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻāina o Lūkia, akā ʻaʻole nui. Aia ka poʻe hoʻokahi hoʻokahi a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e helu ana i nā manu 15. ʻO nā hipa nui, 80 a 150 mau manu i kēlā me kēia, a me kā lākou mau pua i mālama ʻia i ka wā o nā mokulele a i ke hoʻoilo wale nō. ʻO nā kaukani he mau tausani i nā kūlou i Kuban i ka hoʻoilo, kahi ka hoʻoilo ma waena o nā māla pua.
A ma Reka ʻoihana e noho nei kekahi mau pakano i kēia manawa, ʻoiai inā i ka wā mua o 30 o nā kenekulia i hala, ua loaʻa nā manu he 40-50. Ma ka māhele komohana ʻākau, kū ka helu o ka mau pige i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 70s, inā hoʻi, i ka Leningrad Region, 10 mau kiaʻe no 1 km o ka ʻaoʻao. Akā mai ka makahiki 70, ua hoʻopili nā manu kīnā ʻole i ka papa o nā mea hopu a ua pau kā lākou ulu. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou i maʻamau i kēia mau wahi.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole nui nā manaʻo o ka hopu ʻana i ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā manu. Loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa ʻo Vahir he mau hunaʻi liʻiliʻi a he mea liʻiliʻi ka poʻe hopu. No laila ma ka ʻāina Kaliningrad, kahi nui nā manu, e like me ka data no 2008 - 2011. wale nō ʻo 35 mau mea lawaiʻa ma waho he 12 tausani ua makemake loa i ka vyakhir. ʻO ke kūlana o nā ʻano ma IUCN he "ʻano he nui me ka nui o nā helu" ʻaʻole ia e koi i ka pale.
He mea kupaianaha: ua helu ʻia nā Azores subspecies o ka vahir i IUCN CC, no ka mea he ola wale nō ma ʻelua mau mokupuni: Pico a me San Miguel. Ua pau ka hānai ʻana o nā palapala ʻo Madeira i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki hope.
Hiki i kekahi ke kūʻē i ka maikaʻi inā he maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ke aupuni holoholona. ʻO nā mea lawaiʻa he mau manaʻo kūlike o lākou a me ka pana e pale i ka overpopulation a, ma muli o ka hopena, ka pōloli a me nā maʻi maʻi, ka ʻoi loa o ka manaʻo. ʻO ka mea nui ma kēia hihia ka hana naʻauao, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā manu puahiohio a me ke ʻano o kona loli.
Vahir: he manu manu nunu e noho ana ma ʻApelika a me Siberia
ʻIke maopopo ʻoe i ka moʻomeheu o nā puaʻa i hōʻike ʻia e kahi nui o nā ʻano nui, ʻo ka nui o kēia mau ʻōuli o ke kūlanakauhale i lohe ʻole ʻia? Ma kēiaʻatikala e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea e makaʻala o kēia mau manu kupaianaha - vahir.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻano hele i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe: ala a ka manu i ke kakahiaka nui, ʻo ka lele ma nā puahiohio ikaika loa a nui. ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka manu ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui o ka mālama ʻana iā ia iho - ʻoiai ʻo ka mea i kālai ʻia i ka meaʻai e loaʻa ka ʻai i kahi mamao ʻole mai kahi hana.
ʻO ka meaʻai nui o ka vyakhir ka hua o nā lāʻau coniferous a deciduous: cone hua a me ka acorns. I ka wā o nā huakaʻi i nā keʻe wela, hoʻāʻo ʻo Vyahiri e kāpae no kahi hoʻomaha loa ma nā wahi i hiki ʻole i ka holoholona hihiu - ma nā kahe o nā mauna a me nā kuahiwi.
Nā ʻano 'īnē o ka hua leka
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano o nā vakhir e kahi nui o nā subspecies, ʻo ka nui, ua pau ia i ka luku ʻia e ke kanaka, a helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. Ma lalo nei hiki iā ʻoe ke famili iā ʻoe iho me kekahi o nā luna mau o ka Vitutnitsa.
- He is the Azores Vahir is the archipelago of the same name and used to live on most of its Islands, akā i kēia inoa i kākau ʻia i loko o Red Red a ua manaʻo a makehewa - hiki iā ʻoe ke hui wale ma kona mau nā mokupuni o San Miguel a me Pico (nui loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu aku ma San Miguel keia manu)
- ʻO ka manu ululāʻau ʻāsia o Asia (hoʻokumu ʻia i ka manu nunu) - noho mua ka nui o ʻAsia, a ma 400 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, e like me ka poʻe ornithologists, i hoʻomaka e hoʻonui i kona noho. Kūpono ka manu nunu i nā wahi kanaka, kahi e ʻae ai i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela me ka hoʻoluhi ʻole i ka ikaika i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi,
- ʻO ka ʻalāʻau ʻōiwi o ʻAmelika Hikina (spetled pigeon) ulu a 40 cm ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaʻa ʻana ʻaʻole ma mua o 400 ka nui, he mau ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ma kona mau ʻēheu, kahi mai kahi mamao e like me nā ʻōpū keokeo. Mālama i nā hua kanu o nā cones, nā mea kanu a me nā kinā. Aia ka hale noho i kahi ākea mai Senegal a Somalia,
- ʻIke ʻia ʻo Iranian vahir (noho i Iran) - kahi ʻano o kēia manu ʻo ia kona lele mahuka, i kekahi manawa e piʻi nui ʻia nei nā kānaka a ua lilo lākou i ʻike ʻole i ka maka kanaka. Hoʻohālike nā ʻano Iran āpau like me kekahi i kekahi, akā ʻokoʻa ka nui a me ka hiʻohiʻona kino.
Ma ke ʻano maoli, ʻaʻole naʻe he paʻakikī ʻo ka hālāwai ka witch-fly, eia naʻe, ma nā zo nui aia nā ʻohana āpau o nā manu like ʻole, a ʻike ʻia kekahi mea hoʻokipa nui o kēia manu laka.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o ka vahir
Wahir - He iwi hihiu kēia, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo wicker. ʻO kēia kahi mea i hōʻike i ka ʻohana puaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona mau hoa hoʻohālikelike. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i 40 cm, akā i kekahi mau mea ke kokoke loa i ka hapalua mika.
Hiki i nā ʻēheu manu nā 75 cm a i luna, ke kaumaha mai ka 450 g, a i kekahi manawa ke emi iki i ka 1 kg. He mau ʻohana pili maoli kēlā ʻo kēia mau manu a me nā manu manu nūnū a me nā manu nunu, he mau ʻulepele hihiu o kēia ʻohana, akā heʻuʻuku ka nui.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai ma luna kiʻi vahir, ʻO ka hoʻonaninani o nā manu mea hoihoi loa: he hina a hina a he hina paha ke kumu nui, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha, ka lei ʻulaʻula me kahi kui metallic, goiter turquoise a lilac paha.
I kēlā manawa, lele nā manu ma ke kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo i hana ʻia i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻāʻī, a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ke ʻano o kahi poʻo, he ʻike maoli ʻia i kēlā me kēia leheleʻe a me ka huelo.
Ke kīwī wīwī ʻana e pili ana i 75 cm.
ʻAno paha a ulaula paha ka ʻāʻī o ka manu, ʻulaʻula nā maka, ʻulaʻula ʻia nā wāwae. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe o ka pigeon, koe wale nō ka nui, ma ka pōkole nui, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kona nui, ʻēheu a me ka huelo lōʻihi.
Noho nā manu ʻo ia i nā nahele ulu o Scandinavia a loaʻa a hiki i nā Himalaya. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka US US mua, ua maʻamau lākou i nā mokuʻo Baltic a ma Ukraine. I Lūkini, loaʻa pinepine nā pigeons ulu lāʻau i nā wahi Leningrad, Gorky a me Novgorod.
Ma muli o ka hale, hiki i ka vortex ka manu paʻa a manu paha. Hoʻohui ʻia, e noho ana ma nā wahi ʻoi ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, i ka hoʻoilo ke neʻe nei i nā kihi o nā mea mahana. Akā ua kūpono loa ke ʻano o ka wā o ka Crimea a me ka Caucasus i nā manu hoʻoilo, kahi lākou i hele ai i ka makahiki.
ʻO ke kokoke i ka ʻākau, noho pinepine nā manu i ka nahele coniferous, akā aia ma ke kūkulu hema e loaʻa ana lākou i nā ulu i hoʻohui ʻia, me nā ʻoka ʻoka, kahi lākou i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai. I kekahi manawa laha ma ka ulu lāʻau-steppe.
Vahir - ka manu puaʻa nui
Ma muli o ke ʻano kūlike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kekahi manu hihiu, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia lākou i ka home. Ma muli o kona nani waho a me ka nui, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā manu kukupa he vahir. ʻO kekahi o nā nui nui o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana puaʻa e noho ana i ka nahele.
He inoa inoa hou kēia manu - ʻo ka ʻili. Hiki i kona kino ka lōʻihi o 45 cm, hiki i nā sayaki ka lōʻihi ma 75 cm, ʻehā - 66-77 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha ma ka waena o 690-930 g.
ʻO ka hoʻonaninani o nā pua ʻala a me nā pua hina me ka pulu ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, a me ka turquoise goiter he mau ʻano o nā kāne o nā kāne ʻelua. ʻO kēia mau manu i kahi nuku ʻulaʻula me kahi kui melemele.
Noho ka manu manu manu i loko o nā puʻu conifous, i hui ʻia a me nā poʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe i kahi o ke kanaka, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau manu. I kekahi manawa ma Western Europe hiki ke loaʻa i nā kūlanakauhale.
ʻO Wituiten ka manu lele manu lele e lele ana mai nā wahi mahana i ka hopena o Malaki ma ka waiho ʻana no ka hoʻoilo ma ʻOkakopa. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ka hoʻoilo puaʻa ma nā kahakai o ka moana Mediterranean, a i kekahi manawa neʻe hoʻi i Algeria a me Morocco. Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai i ka hoʻoilo, noho ka manu i loko o kahi ʻohana no kekahi manawa, a laila e uhaʻi i mau pālua i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻuʻuku a me ka hānau ʻana o nā moa.
Aia nā ʻuʻuku o kēia mau pigeons i koho ʻia i nā ʻōpala o nā lālā lāʻau i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 10-12 m kahi i loaʻa ʻole e ka poʻe predator a me nā kānaka. Hiki lākou i ka nui o 32 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ola o ke vahir
Me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā wā e hānai ai i nā moa, ulu helehelena hihiu ma mua pinepine o ka mea e makemake e noho i nā ʻohana me nā kaikuaʻana, ʻo ka nui o nā mea kū i kahi o nā manu he ʻumi. Kūkulu ʻia nā hua kākā nui o vyakhire i nā wā lele o ka hāʻule.
ʻOiai ke kani nei nā manu i loko o ka noho mālie o nā ulu coniferous a i hui ʻia (ma ka mea maʻamau i ko lākou mau kai), makemake lākou e hoʻohana i ke koena o ka manawa i loko o nā māla a lākou e hānai mau ai.
Aloha ke aloha iā Vahiri
He mau manu mālama maikaʻi loa kēia, akā i ka manawa like pū me nā mea hoʻonaninani. Ke leo nei, e like lākou me nā manu hihiu uma, "Kru-kuuuuu-ku-kuk". A ke kū nei ʻo ia mai luna mai ka honua, e lele nui ana ka puahiwi i kona mau eheu, e hoʻopili ana i kahi pī koʻikoʻi.
Wahir Hunt Aia iā ia he nui o nā hanana haʻuki a he ʻano hoihoi a hoihoi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mālama kūlohelohe o kēia mau manu i ka pilikia o ka nui o nā mea leʻaleʻa o kēia mau leʻaleʻa, akā ʻo ka makemake e puʻe a lure nā manu i hoʻohui i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka leʻaleʻa i ka leʻaleʻa. A pono ka mea lawaiʻa i ka uku kūpono o ka hōʻoluʻolu, ka mālamaʻana, ka hoʻomanawanui a me ke ahonui.
I ka pūnāwai, i nā ʻāina i ʻae ʻia, holo ka ʻuhuhō no nā mea hulu hulu i hānai i ka manu hihiu me ka decoy. Ma ka manawa like, huʻi ka poʻe lawaiʻa ʻenehana i nā leo o nā manu, a no laila e lure nei iā lākou.
I ke kauwela, pinepine lākou i ka ʻimi wahir me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia kekahi ala maʻamau e lure ai i ka pā pahuhopu. ʻO kahi manu kumuhana ma ke kiʻi o kahi manu nunu hihiu wahir, e kuai maʻalahi, a kūʻai ʻia nā mea pāʻani like i nā hale kūʻai kūikawā.
A me kā lākou mau kikowaena ola, hana maʻamau i ka noho ʻana i nā ʻeke, ʻike aku i ko lākou "mau hoahānau", hauʻoli lākou e lele a noho i kahi kokoke, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hana kolohe manu i hoʻohana ai. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka mea iʻoi aku ka nui, e hoʻowalewale i ka nui o nā manu hoʻomalu i loko o kēia ʻano hoʻopunipuni. Ke kāohi ʻia nei no ka vyakhire me nā pneumatics i kā mākou ʻāina, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana pinepine nei nā mea kue i ke kānāwai i kēia ʻano mea kaua.
Ma muli o ka hana a ka manu e mālama nei i nā manu, nui nā subspecies o nā manu hihiu, no ka laʻana, ʻo Columba palumbus azorica, i loko o ka pilikia nui a hoʻoweliweli a hoʻopau ʻia, a no laila ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka vahir, i noho ai i ka manawa o ka mokupuni ʻo Madeira, akā, ka mea pau loa i luku ʻia i ke kenekulia hope. ʻOiai ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka lehulehu o ka ʻāina ʻo Azorean vahir i loko o ka laulā maʻamau, ua noho ʻia ia i nā mokupuni nui a ka ʻāina ʻoi o ka ʻāina, akā ke mālama wale nei ia i nā mokupuni o Pico a me San Miguel.
ʻAʻole ka lehulehu o ka vyakhirei i kēia mau lā. A ua emi nui ka helu o nā mea maoli o nā manu hihiu, ʻaʻole wale i pili i kā lākou pana ʻana, akā, ke kūleʻa ʻana nō hoʻi o nā ululāʻau kahi i noho ai lākou.
Ke nānā ʻana ʻo Pigeon Loaʻa
I kahi manawa kūikawā o ka makahiki, i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā mea kanu, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu ʻōpala ma ka mahina - ʻohi ʻo ia i ka palaoa ma laila. Ma ʻEulopa me ka nui o lākou i ke kūlanakauhale, i nā paka, nā māla. Hāʻawi ka manu nūnū i kona neʻe ʻana i ke kani maʻamau. Holoi ʻo ka manu nunu weliweli i ka lei o nā kumulāʻau, a lele koke nā ʻēheu. Ma nā wahi he nui e hānai ai nā kānaka i nā manu, ʻae lākou e ʻai i ka meaʻai a ʻae iā lākou e hoʻokokoke iā lākou.
ʻO Vahir ka nui i waena o ka ʻohana pigeon ma nā ulu lāʻau Eurasian. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ke 44 cm, ke kaumaha - 630 kg. Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā nīnū i loko o nā kumulāʻau a līlī iā 2 hua o kēlā me kēia. Huli kēia holoholona hihiu i kāna ʻano hihiu mai kāna pūnana. ʻO ka mea mua, hānai i nā moa me ka waiū pigeon, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka goiter o nā mākua, a laila - me ka palaoa a me nā hua. ʻO ka meaʻai punahele nā mea kanu buke a me nā acorns, kahi i ʻailua piha. I ka hoʻoilo, lele i nā ʻāina hema i loko o nā hui he nui a hiki i 500 mau kanaka.
ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau o nā manu ma ka nahele
Ke hānai nui nei kēia holoholona hihiu nui i nā meaʻai kanu. Hoʻopuka pinepine ʻo Vyakhir i nā lāʻau ma mua o nā koho ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana pigeon. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā hua ʻai, nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā pua a me nā lau. Ke hiki aku i ka mea i wae ʻia, kau pinepine kēia manu ma luna i lalo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā pono, loaʻa ka mea hoʻopihapiha i ka meaʻai ma ka ʻāina, ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua kanu, nā hua ʻai, nā huaʻai, nā blueberries pecking, blueberries, lingonberries.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻuʻuku a me nā mea nānā ʻono ia e mālama i kēia mau manu. E akahele nui nā manu o kēia ʻano, no laila ke lele pinepine nei lākou e hānai i ke kakahiaka a i ke kakahiaka nui paha.
I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu a hūnā ma ke kahuli iki ʻana o ka weliweli. Ke hiki mai ka manawa lūlū, ʻohi nā pigeons i nā hipa a lele i ka lewa.
ʻO kahi mālama kūikawā no lākou ʻo ia ka koena i koe i ka mahinaʻai ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka palaoa, legumes. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia meaʻai ka nui i ka lā. Ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka, hiki i ka papa ʻai mea ke hoʻowalewale i nā manu.
ʻO ia i loko o kēia manawa ua luhi nui nā pigeons, no ka mea ua lilo lākou i mea i lilo ai i mau mea hopu.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o vyahirei
ʻO ka pilikia nui loa i ka kilokilo i ka hihiu i hōʻike ʻia e nā manu manu. Hoʻopili i nā manu a me nā falcon, hoʻopiʻi ka manu i ka nui o ka hina hina, ka pipi, nā lehelehe, nā squirrels e hoʻopau i nā ʻuʻuku, luku i nā hua. Hiki i ka marten ke kiʻi i kahi vyakhir, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke neʻe ma waena o nā lei aliʻi.
Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi nui a me ka nui, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau manu ke ʻoki koke i ka ʻāina, no laila e pae lākou i ka ʻāina, e hōʻeha lākou i nā alopeke a me nā ʻōpū.
Me nā kumu kūlohelohe āpau, pili maoli ka helu o nā manu ʻōiwi hihiu e kekahi kanaka e manaʻo nui ana i kēia ʻanoʻano o nā manu hihiu a luku nui iā ia. Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau wahi, ʻo ka hoʻokūkū o ka hopu manu vahir ua loaʻa i ka kaulana loa. E pana i kahi puaʻa, hoʻohana nā mea lawaiʻa i nā ʻano hoʻokūkū, umeu a me nā pahele.
ʻO ka hopena o kēia mau hana he pinepine ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o kēia mau manu i kahi pae koʻikoʻi. Me ka pōʻino kūlohelohe, he mea hoʻopōʻino ia mau mea i ka manu manu.
E kōkua nui ʻoe iā mākou inā e haʻi aku i kahi ʻatikala ma nā launa pūnaewele a like. Mahalo iā ia.
E kāhea i kā mākou kahawai.
E heluhelu hou aku i nā moʻolelo hou ma Bird House.
Teritori a me ka noho ʻana
Loaʻa ka Vahir i nā wahi o ka honua. Noho ia ma Western and Eastern Europe, Iran, Iraq, the Himalaya, North West Africa, Asia Minor and North Asia.
Kūhā ka ʻu o ka nahele i ka'āina o ka USSR ma mua. Hiki ke loaʻa ma ia mau ʻāina:
- Volhynia.
- ʻOkiʻoki.
- Wāhi Novgorod.
- Wāhi ʻo St. Petersburg
- Siberia komohana.
- ʻAkāne Azov.
- Kaukaole
- Crimea
He manu migratory ʻo Vahir. ʻO ka wes ma ka maʻamau o ka Crimea a me ka Caucasus. Ke waiho nei kahi kuaona wahie no ka hoʻoilo ma mua o Kepakemapa, a me ka mua o ka hōʻea mua ʻana i ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki.
Hiki i ka weli Pigeon ke noho i nā nahele ākea. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, makemake ʻo ia e pili i ka nahele ulu coniferous a puaʻau. Ke neʻe nei i hema, ua hui ʻia nā ulu lāʻau, a ʻono maikaʻi nā manu i loko o lākou. Inā ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu, hoʻokipa lākou iā lākou. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka manu nunu mai nā ʻoka ʻoka. Loaʻa nō hoʻi iā lākou ko lākou lāliʻi i ka paepae hele wāwae, kahi i ʻole nā ululāʻau he nui. Nui kona aloha i nā nūnē ʻawaʻawa a me nā kumu lāʻau Birch.
Wahir Hunt
ʻO ka ʻimi no kēia manu hanana hoihoi. ^ E Ha yM. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mālama nui no ka wahine he pilikia nui. I ka wā o ka ʻimi he pono e ahonui a hoʻomanawanui. ʻAʻole ka poʻe hahai āpau i ka hopu ʻana i nā vahirey, no ka mea, ua lilo ka nui o nā pahu i hala ma luna o lākou.
I ka pūnāwai, ke kālai nei nā kahu hānai i nā manu hihiu, e ʻae iā lākou i kēia ala.
I ke kauwela, he maʻamau ka hulahula scarecrow. E like me ka paila, e hoʻohana i kahi scarecrow o ka vakhir mai ka hale kūʻai. ʻO ka vahiri e ola ana, e pili ana i ka launa pū ʻana me kēia ʻano maunu.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe:
- ma nā wahi kanu,
- ma nā wahi hānai,
- e heʻe ana ma nā wahi hoʻomaha,
- me ka pili.
E kiʻi i nā manu hihiu papa ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pū ea. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia no ka hoʻopau pihaʻana o nā ʻano manu he nui. Ua luku ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka vahir ma muli o ia mau holoholona hihiu.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o nā vyakhirei ma muli o ka pana ʻana, akā no ka deforestation hoʻi, i mālama ʻia e like me ko lākou home.
Ka leo leo a me ka hana
Ma ke kakahiaka, hoʻomaka ke hoʻomohala i ka hua leo kani o ka "kru-kuu-ku-kuk". Hana nā Pigeons i nā huakaʻi ikaika, e hana ana i ka nui o ka eheʻe. I ka wā hoʻomaha, mālama pono ʻole nā manu o kēia ʻano, huna i nā kumulāʻau o nā kumulāʻau a kūlū ke lohe inā lohe lākou i ka holoholona a i ʻole nā kānaka.
ʻAi nō ka manu nunu i ka wahi like, ʻaʻole mamao i ka lehelehe. He ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ma ka lele, he mea maʻamau i ka ʻāina, kahi paʻakikī i hiki i kekahi mau holoholona.
Ka nohona kūloko a me ka pale
ʻO kahi manu hihiu kahi holoholona i makemake i ke kauoha a noho mālie. Me he mea lā e alakaʻi ana ke kaila ʻana i ka nui o ka nui o ke kaiāulu, no ka mea e noho mālie ai ka nahele. Akā ma muli no ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka holoholo a me ka huakaʻi holo kaʻa, waiho nā pigeons i nā mea maʻamau a lākou e hana mua ai. ʻAʻole aneane pau nā manu hihiu e noho i nā wao pākahu e ʻike ʻia e nā mea hānai ʻili no kahi kokoke o ke kau kauwela.
Hoʻomaka ka nui o nā huaora mai ka hopena o nā makahiki he 40 o ka kenekulia 20, ke kumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻona i nā mea hoʻomohala ma ka mahiʻai - kā lākou helu nui i alakaʻi ʻia e nā manu. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka nui o nā manu e nā ʻimi manuʻae, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka holoholona hihiu. ʻO ka lele manu ʻōlele ke lele maʻalahi nei, inā no ka mea lawaiʻa e komo ai i loko, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia maʻalahi maʻalahi ke loaʻa i ka manu make, a ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomau.
Ma nā Azores e noho ana kahi subspecies o ka vyakhir - Columba palumbus azorica, i waiho pū ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. Ua noho ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau o nā mokupuni nui a ka ʻōpio o kēia, akā ua ʻike ʻia i kēia mau lā ma nā mokupuni o Pico a me San Miguel. ʻO kekahi subspecies o ka vahir, e noho ana ma nā mokupuni o Madeira - Columba palumbus maderensis, i luku ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia hope.
Ke ola a me ke manawa
E like me ka hapanui o ka holoholona hihiu, makemake nui nā pigeons i ka akahele. ʻO ke kumu o kēia mea ʻaʻole he kōkua o ka Wyahiri ma mua o nā mea kikoʻī nui. Akā ke kōkua iā lākou e pale i ka pilikia o ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomohala i ka holo wikiwiki. Inā kokoke kahi mea predator, e noho mālie a manuahi nā pige, no laila ʻaʻole e kumakaia iā lākou iho. A hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia aia ka puahiohio kokoke, nā ʻēheu o nā manu, no ka mea holo aʻai ʻoe hiki ke lohe ʻoe i nā leo nui e like me ke koholā.
ʻAʻole makemake nā manu i nā kānaka. ʻOi aku lākou makemake e hoʻopiha i nā nests ʻaʻole kokoke i 2 mau hola mai nā wahi kanaka. Akā eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokokoke kokoke i nā kānaka, akā naʻe hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou i loko o nā kūlanakauhale nui. Makemake lākou i nā nahele mamao - aia lākou i kaʻoluʻolu, ka palekana, loaʻa ka manawa e hoʻonui ai i kā lākou keiki.
Ma waena o lākou iho, ulu ikaika ka vahiri, ʻike maʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou nā holoholona he nui a ʻoi aku, hiki i ka nui o nā manu ke hiki aku i mua o ʻelua mau kānaka.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana ola maikaʻi, hiki i nā manu lele hihiu ke noho i 16 mau makahiki.
Pehea ke ʻano o kahi kukuna?
Pigeons hiki i ka wā poperty ma ka 10-11 mau mahina mai ka hānau ʻana. I kēia manawa pono e huki i nā wahine, noho nā kāne ma luna o nā kumulāʻau a hoʻomaka pū me ke kani nui. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i kā lākou lā mai kēia mea, no ka mea ua hana lākou e hana i ia mau kani i ke kakahiaka.
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana o ka wahine i ka pulupulu, iho i lalo, lele ʻo ia, e kū ʻole ana ke kihi. ʻO ia mau pāʻani moeʻuhane i hope e alakaʻi i ka famo hua manu.
Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻili
Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hua manu, hoʻopiha ʻia nā witnuts i kahi pūnoho kūpono. Kiwi lākou i ka mea i hoʻonohonoho. Ma mua o kou lawe ʻana i kahi mākoi no ka kūkulu ʻana, e hoʻopili mālie nā manu me ia me ka pūkuhi, me he mea lā e ʻimi ana i ka ikaika. Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka manu e kūpono ke ʻano o ka waiwai, e lawe ʻo ia ia e hana i pūnana.
ʻOi loa ka wikiwiki o ka vahiri e hoʻopiʻi ai i kā lākou pūnana. He mau lā wale nō ia e hana ai. Hoʻokumu lākou i kahi kūlana ikaika e hoʻohana ana i nā lālā maloʻo, ma waena o nā mau lālā i hoʻopili i nā mea ʻoi aku, maʻalahi. Ma muli ke hopena, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi pūnana me kahi ʻāpana palaka a me nā pulu lauwili e loaʻa ana nā nui e kū nei ma waena o nā lālā.
Kūkulu nā Pigeons i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku i ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua mauʻu mai ka lepo. Hiki wale ke vahiri ke hoʻohana i ke koena o nā noke manu ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, nā palahalaha, ka pīpī, nā manu.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Vahir
ʻO ka mea wīwīwīwīwīwī nui no ka manu lāʻau nahele ʻo nā manu make. ʻAʻole wale nā pōpoki papaha i nā falcon a me nā lawaiʻa, akā ʻo nā leho, nā puʻupuʻu, nā mea hina hina, nā pāies - luku lākou i nā nūpepa vyakhire, luku i nā hua. He lawaiʻa kekahi marten no ka lāʻau manu;
No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wyahiri e kā lākou nui nui a me ke kino nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hele wikiwiki. Ke ukaʻi nei ma ka ʻāina, lilo pinepine lākou i meaʻai no nā badger a me nā ʻalopeke.
Pilikia nui ka poʻe Vitutnits i nā kānaka, no ka mea ʻoi ka nui o nā manu e hoʻēmi ana. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe e pili wale nā manu ʻo ka nahele i nā lāʻau a no laila e luku ai i nā manu.
Vyahiri - nā manu ʻōlio, ʻoiai he holoholona hihiu, akā, ʻaʻole e make i ka poʻe. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā manu e kahaha nui loa: ua ākea lākou, akā wikiwiki ka: pilikia weliweli, huna lākou lākou. Hiki i nā manu ke hoʻowalewale iā lākou iho. Ke mālama nei lākou i kā lākou keiki, ʻokoʻa kūkaʻi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā moa keiki.
Hoʻopilikia i nā manu
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 290 mau ʻano ma ka honua. Paʻi ʻo ka poʻe loea i kekahi ʻano me ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai a mālama paha i nā pono waiwai o nā ʻano. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ke hoʻomohala ʻia o ka ʻoihana puaʻa manuahi, aia kekahi mau mea i pau i ka noho ʻia ma muli o ka luku.
Trisulfone - nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no nā broilers, nā kelipi a me nā holoholona
I nā wahi ʻae ʻia, ʻo ka ʻimi no ka vahir he punahele punahele o nā poʻe. Pīhoihoi e ka mālama o nā manu, ʻoliʻoli nā poʻe lawaiʻa e hana i nā hana o ka hopu ʻana i nā manu ʻoliʻoli nui. No ka leʻaleʻa no nānu manu manu hana lākou i kahi scarecvel kūikawā i ke ʻano o ka swirl, i mea e lilo i ʻano ikaika no ke ʻano he manu nunu. A hiki i kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa ke hoʻopili i nā leo manu.
Mahalo i kēlā me kēia leʻaleʻa, ua hōʻike lōʻihi ʻia kekahi mau manu o nā manu ʻokoʻa i loko o ka Red Book a ua pale ʻia ʻo ia. Aia ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa, akā ka manaʻolana i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia no ka ʻono ʻana i ka ʻoliʻoli, i ka manawa e ʻike hou ai lākou i nā hoahānau aloha ʻole ʻole o kā mākou mea liʻiliʻi, e hōʻano hou lākou i kā lākou mau leʻaleʻa a nānā i kahi honua i piha i ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe - me nā maka ʻokoʻa.
He pili maikaʻi ʻole
ʻO ka helu o nā pigeons o kēia ʻano pili i nā hana kanaka. ʻO nā mea kūpono ʻole no ka vyahire, pono e hōʻike i ka pālahalaha nui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahiʻai o nā minuke mineral a me nā mea pesticides, no kēia kumu ka mea i hoʻomaka ai ka nui o nā pigeons o kēia ʻano i ka 1940-1950. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole makemake ka vituniten i ka hopohopo, a i kēia manawa i loko o nā kaona a me nā wahi pākale no kēia mau manu ua lilo ia i hoʻomaha ʻole. No laila, ma kēlā mau lāʻau e hele pinepine aku ai nā kānaka, ʻoiai inā he poʻe mākaʻāina maʻamau lākou nāna e hana ʻole ʻole i nā manu, ua pau kēia mau manu. ʻOiai ke ākea nui ka lūlū o ka nui e ka kī ʻana o nā manu, ʻo ia ka poʻe lawaiʻa, ʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa haʻuki, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ʻāpana kālā nui kēia mau manu. ʻAʻole ka pōʻino mai iā lākou. ʻAʻole e like me nā pigeons uliuli, ʻo ka vyahiri, ʻaʻole ia he mea lawe i nā maʻi lēʻaleʻa weliweli, ma ka liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā mea pili i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka.
Aia nā kumu kūlohelohe e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka nui o nā manu. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻano pakanikela a me ke ʻano ākea e ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa kēia manawa ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka noho ʻana o kēia mau manu.
I ka lā anu, ua hoʻōla ʻia a i ʻole wā i ka wā maloʻo, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā lā o Iune a i Iulai paha. ʻO kēia ke kumu e waiho hoʻokahi wale nō waiho hua hua manu.
ʻO nā mea ʻōpala Feral ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Wyahira ma ke kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia hulcon peregrine a he goshawk. Akā make pū kekahi i ka Wyahiri ma nā pōkole liʻiliʻi (Crow, Jay a me Magpies). Hoʻopau hope loa ʻia ka hua o ka wyahirai. Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, helu lākou no 40% o nā pohō hua. Hiki i nā lāʻau ke hoʻopau i nā ness o kēia mau manu.