ʻO ka nui o ka chamois e like me hoʻokahi mita ka lōʻihi a 75 cm ma ka maloʻo. ʻO ka ʻoi loa ka pōkole, ʻo kona lōʻihi eʻoi aku ma mua o 8 cm. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka chamois mai 30 a 50 kg. He kūpaʻa kona a me ka ikaika hoʻi me ka ʻāʻī ʻīwī, nā puʻupuʻu pōkole, nā pepeiao pepeiao, ʻo ka lōʻihi kona hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. He lōʻihi nā wāwae o Chamois me nā ʻūlū hāwili, me nā pūlima a hiki i 25 cm kahi e lihi ana i hope, i nā lua o nā kāne. Aia ma hope o lākou he hole kahi e hūnā ʻia ai kahi mea ʻoniʻoni a maʻemaʻe, i ka wā o ka moena.
I ke kauwela, he ulaula kaila ka chamois; ʻo ke kala i loko o ka ʻōpū he māmā ia a ʻulaʻula. Ma kona kua he mea ʻepalaʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula, kona ʻāʻīʻeleʻele kona ʻāʻī. Ke keʻokeʻo loa ka hope o nā wāwae, ka ʻihi o ka ma lalo a ʻeleʻele ma ke kihi. Holoi kahi laina ʻeleʻele mai ka pepeiao i nā maka. I ka hoʻoilo, he kaʻaʻeleʻele nā chamois ma luna a he keʻokeʻo ma lalo. ʻĀhinahina nā wāwae a me ke poʻo.
Kālā
Noho ʻo Chamois ma nā Alps a loaʻa iā lākou mai ka French Savoy a i Dalmatia, a me ka Balkans a me nā Carpathians. ʻO ka Caucasus a me Asia Minor kekahi o kā lākou māhele ʻāpana. Noho ka poʻe Chamois ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kuahiwi o nā nahele, i ke kauwela ke piʻi pinepine lākou i nā kuahiwi. Inā inā ʻeha loa ʻo ia ma lalo, kū ʻo ia i ka papa pōhaku, kahi kokoke i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ke kāne, mai kahi a ke kakahiaka, hana ʻo ia i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi ma waena o nā pōhaku. I ka hoʻoilo, hāʻule i loko o ka ulu lāʻau.
ʻAno lawehala
Noho nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio i nā pipi liʻiliʻi mai 15 a 30 mau holoholona. Hoʻololi nā pilina pili pili i nā ʻano he kau. ʻO ke kauwela ikaika loa lākou. ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona e hana mau ʻo ia i kiaʻi a hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe inā hewa me ka kani kani ʻana. Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka ʻoihana ʻana i ka hoʻoilo, nāwaliwali o nā paʻa paʻa o nā pua, hoʻouluulu kekahi mau puaʻa, ʻokoʻa kekahi. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, alakaʻi ʻia ka pipi e kahi wahine akamai. Noho hoʻokahi nā kāne pākahi a kipa wale aku i nā bipi i ke kauwela kauwela. Ke alualu nei i nā ʻōpio'ōpio, hakakā me ko lākou mau ʻenemi ʻē aʻe no ka pono e mare me nā wahine o ka pipi, i kū ʻia ma ka hapa lua o Nowemapa.
Ma ka hopena o Mei a i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o Iune, hānau nā chamois i hoʻokahi no ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e hahai ana i ko lākou makuahine a hānai ʻai wale i ka waiū makuahine no ʻekolu mahina. Loaʻa ʻo Puberty i ke makahiki he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki, i nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka ola ola o nā wahine i 20 mau makahiki, i nā kāne - 15.
ʻO ka meaʻai Chamois nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā lāʻau alpine a me nā kumulāʻau, me ka mauʻu a me nā lau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole lākou hōʻole i ka mosses a me nā lichens.
Nā Koiʻe a me nā Puʻuwai
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā chamois he mau lynxes, nā ʻīlio a me nā bea. I kekahi manawa lilo nā chamois ʻōpiopio no ka ʻaeto gula. Pilikia ka chamois e hōʻike ʻia nei e nā pōhaku i kahakaha nā ʻalā a me nā nāhelehele o nā pōhaku, a ʻo nā avalanch i kahi e make ai nā mania i mua o nā mea āpau. Ma nā hiohino nui, hāʻule ka nui o ka chamois i ka pōloli.
ʻO ka mana kino o Chamois
He liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi paha ka nui o nā holoholona, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mauʻu mai ka 71 a 86 cm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 102 a 119 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻūhā he 169-201 mm. ʻO ke kaumaha ola i ka pae o 25-45 kg, aneane keu. ʻO ka paona awelika o ke kāne he 30-36 kg.
Mālamalama ka hale. Ke kino lōʻihi kahi ʻūhā ākea a me ka umauma ākea a me nā hohonu hohonu i luna i nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻeke i ke kua ke ʻano he convex; ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpanaum he 4-6 cm ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo. He māmā ke poʻo, me ka wailua ʻāhuʻu e kuʻi ana i ka hopena. He liʻiliʻi ka puka aniani o ka ihu, hoʻopili wale ʻia ma waena o nā kihi o loko o nā ihu, akā aia kekahi manawa ma nā kihi o loko loa e pili ana i nā kihi o nā kuʻuna. ʻO ka lehelehe kahele ma luna, koe wale nō ke kaula median i hope, i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho. ʻEleʻele ka kala o ke aniani o ka ihu. ʻAʻole nui nā maka, akā convex, protruding i nā ʻaoʻao. ʻĀnelu nā peleki o nā maka. Lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiao, ma kahi o 12-14 cm ka maʻamau o ka hapa ma mua o ka hapalua o ka poʻo o ke poʻo.
ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine wahine nā pūlima, ma ka hopena, ua ulu maikaʻi ʻia, e ʻoi aku ka pokole a ʻoi aku ka olonā ma mua o nā kāne. Kahi ʻia ka waihona o nā pū i luna o nā ʻapo. ʻO kā lākou ʻano hiʻohiʻona i ke ʻano o ka like me ka ʻanuʻu, ke kuʻi, a me nā holoholona ola e pili pinepine ana i nā lula e holo mua a huli pololei i nā poʻo. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻ theheo o nā pepeiao he mau pōʻai a i ʻule paha, ʻo ka girth i nā paona he 7-8 cm.ʻO kahi mamao ma waena o nā kumu he lōlihi ma kahi o 10-15 cm. ʻO nā lōʻihi o nā pū i ka wīwī he 17-18 cm i nā wahine i ka 24-24 cm o nā kāne. ʻAnoʻulaʻula a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi ka ʻāpana o nā pepeiao. Hoʻokumu ka papa o ka ihe i ka nui o nā apo liʻi liʻiliʻi me nā aloka ma waena o lākou. Ma ka papa o nā pepeiao, aia nā apo i kahi kokoke i kekahi a me ka pili, i kokoke loa i ka pihi mahele, e leʻaleʻa, me ka ʻike nui ma waena o lākou. ʻO nā kihi o nā pū o ka pū, ʻaʻohe i kala i ke aniani. Hoʻohui ʻia ka mea liʻiliʻi, akā ua hoʻolaha ʻia ke kuʻekuʻe lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā kumu a hiki i nā kihi i nā pu.
ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka chamois ka pōkole, akā lahilahi. ʻO ke poʻo, ʻoiai i kahi kūlana mālie, e kau. ʻO nā wāwae, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, kiʻekiʻe a mākaʻawaʻo. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui e like ka nui o nā hoove, ka mea hiki ke neʻe ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻo ia ka nui ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka laulā nui o ka holoholona. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi mai ka ʻaoʻao o hope o ka pala o ka calcaneal a hiki i nā kihi ma mua, mai 66 a 73 mm, ma nā ʻāpana hulina mai 62 a 68 mm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hoove ma ka ʻaoʻao mua ma nā wāwae mua o 43-47 mm, ma nā wāwae hind 1-2 mm a lalo loa. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻo chamois i ka pā pali ʻana o ko lākou pā pepeiaohao i loko a hana i kahi protrusion e ʻike maoli ʻia ma hope o nā popo kalana. Hōʻike kēia ʻano pale i ka lula o ka hī a i ʻole kahi māka i ka wā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ka holoholona ma nā papa kahawai. Aia nā hawewe hou i kahi kiʻekiʻe, akā hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻia (ma kahi o 34 i ka lōʻihi a me 22-23 mm ākea) a pū kekahi i nā mana koʻikoʻi e like me nā wā no ka neʻe ʻana i nā pōhaku. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ke kala o nā hooves.
ʻO ka ʻeke o ka chamois he pōkole (ma kahi o 12 cm), ʻo ia me ka lauoho wale nō e loloa iki i ka lōʻihi o ka pepeiao.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala o nā chamois, ʻike ʻia i ka loli kūlike o kekahi, akā hōʻike ʻia ka manawa dimorphism.
ʻO ka leo maʻamau o ka hoʻonaninani manu he rusty-ʻulaʻula, hele i ke melemele-ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa me kahi panana brownish iki, e hilinaʻi ana i ka helu o ka lauoho me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me ke ʻano o nā browning.
ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke poʻo ma mua o ke kino a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻĀnihi ka ʻaoʻao o ka ihu, aia i kekahi manawa me ka minima brownish, ʻoi aku ka maʻa hope o ke poʻo. ʻO ka lei ka lei ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, na ka leo like me nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻeke a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka hope o kahi muzzle, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maka mua o ka lehelehe i luna, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Chamois a me ka hoʻoili
ʻAʻole maopopo i ke kumu o nā genus chamois (Rupicapra Blanville). Ma ka Pliocene luna ma ka palena o Palani a me Italia, i noho ai kahi ʻano, ma ke ala o ka hoʻolaʻa kokoke i ka chamois, akā aia ke kuʻi ʻana o nā poʻo o nā pūʻehā ʻaʻole i hoʻi, akā i mua.
Loaʻa nā mea pono āpau i pili i ka manawa, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka waenakonu a i ʻole ʻo ka Pleistocene kiʻekiʻe. I ka ʻO Pleistocene, ua hoʻolele nui ʻia kēia ʻōpiha me ka nui wale aku i ka hema, akāʻo ka ʻākau. Loaʻa nā noho ʻana o nā chamois, ma kahi laʻi, ma Belgium.
I kēia manawa, noho ka chamois ma nā mauna Cantabrian (Sepania), nā Pyrenees, Palani, ʻEtalia, Bavarian, Swiss a Austrian Alps, i ka Apennines, i nā Carpathians i loko o Czechoslovakia, ma Polani hema a me Romania, ma kekahi mau mauna o Yugoslavia, Albania a me Greece, ma nā kuahiwi. ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Asia Minor, ka Main Caucasus Range a me Transcaucasus. ʻO nā awela o nā chamois i kēia mau lā e hōʻike i ke koena o kahi ʻāina i hoʻomau i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia ʻano.
I ka lua o ka hapa o ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻāʻo lāua e hoʻoneʻe i ka chamois i nā kuahiwi o Norewai, akā ua hāʻule kēlā mau hoʻāʻo a ʻelua, ʻoiai ua lawe ʻia nā holoholona i ka manawa pōkole, ma muli o nā kumu ʻike ʻole,.
ʻO keʻano o Chamois
ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka chamois e pili ana i 1 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 75 cm. ʻO ka wili o ka holoholona he pōkole wale nō, lōʻihi wale nō a 8 cm ka lōʻihi. Aia ka nui o nā pākeke ma waena mai 30 a 50 kg. Kohu ʻia ka ʻano i ka compact a me ke kino ikaika; ʻo ka chamois he ʻāʻī ʻīkoki, nā puuho pōkole, nā pepeiao pepeiao, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. Loa lōʻihi ka lōpiopio, pāpaʻi nā ʻōpū, hele nā pū i nā lōʻihi he 25 cm, ʻūlū ʻia, a he poʻe kāne a wahine hoʻi. Ma hope o nā pepeiaohao he lua liʻiliʻi, i ka wā o ka rutting e lilo ai i kumu o ka huna ʻana o ka mea huna, ka mea ʻala ʻole.
I ke kauwela, he keʻokeʻo ulaula ka hulu melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ulaula ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kua ma ke kapa ʻeleʻele a me ke kalapu, a ʻo ka ʻalani ka melemele-keʻokeʻo. Ke keʻokeʻo nā wāwae ma hope o ke kua, ʻokoʻa a ka ihu a me ke poʻo o ka huelo. Mai ka pepeiao i nā maka ke alo i kahi kaula ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hōʻai o ka hoʻoilo ka ʻeleʻele ma ka kua, a keʻokeʻo ma loko o ka ʻōpū. ʻĀhinahina nā wāwae a me ke poʻo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka meaʻai chamois
ʻO Chamois, e like me nā lau nahele, e hānai i nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio o nā lāʻau alpine a me nā lāʻau, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai lākou i ka moss a me nā lichens. Hana ʻia kēia mau holoholona me ka ʻole o ka inu wai i ka manawa lōʻihi, a kuʻi i ka hau mai nā foliage. Me kahi uhi uhi hau nui loa, hiki i ka chamois ke ʻai wale i nā lichens, i ʻeli ʻia mai ka lāʻau, a i ʻole he mauʻu manu, e waiho nei i nā koena a me ka mahiʻai. ʻO ia no ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai ua nui ka chamois i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Eia kekahi, pono ka chamois i ka paʻakai, a he mau malihini kipa lākou i ka mahele paʻakai.
Nā kumuhana chamois maʻamau
I kēia manawa, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻepekema i nā kumumana i ʻehiku e like me ko lākou mau ʻano.
- ʻO Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra), kahi subspecies nominative i loaʻa i nā Alps,
- ʻO Anatolian a ʻo Turela chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica), e noho ana ma ka hikina a ma ʻākau ʻākau hoʻi ʻo Turkey, i manaʻo ʻia i kekahi ʻano he ʻokoʻa mahele o Rupicapra asiatica,
- ʻO Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica), kamaʻāina o ka mauna ma ka puke ʻo Balkan Peninsula,
- ʻO Carpathian chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra carpatica), noho i ka Carpathians, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mau iwi ʻē aʻe o Rupicapra carpatica,
- ʻO Chartres Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra cartusiana), i lawe ʻia ma nā mauna Chartres ma ke Komohana o nā ʻAlau Farani,
- Kaukaʻili Caucasian (Rupicapra rupicapra caucasica), loaʻa i loko o ka Caucasus,
- ʻO Tatra chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica), noho i ka Tatras.
ʻOhi Chamois
Pono ka ola o ke chamois i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 10-12 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wahine iʻoi aku ma mua o nā kāne, a hiki i nā holoholona ke hele a lolou i nā makahiki he 20 mau makahiki, akā hoʻohua wale nō ma ka makahiki he 3 mau makahiki.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa; E mau ana ka wahine hāpai i ka he 21 mau pule, a i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ke kauwela mua paha, e hānau ai nā wahine i mau pu. I ka wā hānau, lawe ʻia lākou i loko o nā māla pine mānoʻo. ʻO ka maʻa mau ke hānau ʻia, i kekahi manawa ʻia - ʻelua mau kime e hele koke i ka wāwae a ma hope maoli o kekahi mau hola i hele i ko lākou makuahine. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻōlohelohe nā wahine i nā wahi ākea, akā naʻe i ka manawa e aʻo ai nā cubs e holo i luna o nā pōhaku, hoʻi lākou i kā lākou mau pua.
Hoʻopili loa nā chamois opio i ko lākou makuahine, nā mahina ʻeono mua e mālama pono ai ʻo ia iā lākou. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hānai waiū i nā malama ʻekolu o ke ola o ka pēpē. Inā make ka wahine, a laila pono ka wahine nui o ka wahine e mālama pono i kāna hua. I ka piha o 4 mau mahina, e puhi nā pepeiaohani i nā chamois liʻiliʻi, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kamaʻāina i ka hopena o ka makahiki o ka makahiki o ke ola.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o chamois
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka chamois e pili ana i ka lynx, wolf a me ka bear. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpio e nā ʻaeto gula. Eia kekahi, he mau pōpoki pōhaku a me nā pōpoki pōhaku, nā manuahi e hele mai ana i nā kuahiwi, a me nā mea e hōʻino pinepine ai i nā cubs o kēia mau holoholona, e hōʻino no nā holoholona e iho. I nā wā maloʻo ikaika a hoʻoilo, chamois nui pinepine ka make i ka ʻole o ka ʻai.
ʻO nā kiʻi e pili ana i nā chamois
- ʻO Chamois ka nui o ka ʻohana, me ka ʻike ʻole o nā subspecies Caucasian, i kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Russia, no laila, ʻo ka lehulehu o ia mau mea he 2000 mau holoholona wale nō, ka hapa nui o lākou e noho ana ma ka ʻāina o nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.
- ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopale i ka chamois hihiu, akā he lōnaū waiū a me nā kao kāne, nā ʻohana mamao loa o nā alpine chamois, i ukuhi ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Switzerland. ʻO ke ʻano "chamois" like me nā holoholona hihiu me kā lākou kala, stamina a hiki i ka hiki ke kūpono i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Ke hoʻokūkū maikaʻi ʻana i kahi palapala huaʻōlelo
Aloha! ʻO Lampobot koʻu inoa, he polokalamu kamepiula wau e kōkua ana e hana i kahi Palapala Huaʻōlelo. ʻIke wau pehea e helu ai, akā hiki ʻole iaʻu i maopopo ke ʻano o ka hana o ko ke ao nei. E kōkua mai iaʻu e noʻonoʻo mai!
Mahalo! Ua lilo wau i mea liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ao o nā manaʻo.
Nīnau: ilona He mea kūpaʻa paha, maikaʻi paha, a i ʻole maikaʻi ʻole?
Nā leka me ka huaʻōlelo "chamois"
- No laila, no ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻia nā lula i loko o nā pūpuna o ka papa ʻai o loko o nā pā o loko o ka ʻōpū: i ka manawa e komo ai ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaka lākou e huna likona waikawa.
- Inā he lauoho lau nui kāu, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana maʻamau i kahi lāʻau hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā no ka holoi: tar, resorcinol, boric, likona, ichthyol.
- Eia naʻe, no ka hilinaʻi ʻole, ua haʻi aku wau iā ia e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻūpū a hōʻike i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana likona e kāpae i ka waikaʻi a me ka hao.
- (hāʻawi manawaleʻa)
ʻO Chamois biology a me ke ʻano ola
ʻO kekahi holoholona holoholona kuahiwi ʻo Chamois. ʻO nā ʻāpana nunui nāhelehele o nā kuahiwi me kahi ululāʻau ke ʻano nui i ke ola o nā chamois. Aia ka ʻāpana o kona neʻe kū ʻana mai ka palena o ka nahele, i kekahi manawa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 600-700 m, i nā subalpine a me nā ʻāpana alpine, a hiki i 3000 m a keu aku. ʻO nā pōhaku ʻelua a me ka nahele e lawelawe nui ana i wahi e holo ai. ʻO nā chamois hope he mea e hilinaʻi hou aʻe ana, inā hiki aku i ka pōʻino, ʻoi aku paha ia e lūlū i loko o ka ululāʻau lepo, inā kokoke ia, ʻaʻole i loko o nā pali. Ma ka nahele, e nānā ʻo ia i kahi kanaka a hūnā ia iā ia ma mua o kona loaʻa ʻana iā ia. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi i ulu iki ka chamois, ʻae lākou i ka hūnā i nā kuahiwi ʻole ʻia a me nā wahi hānai, inā he ʻoka nā papa a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e kokoke mai ana.
ʻAʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Chamois i ka neʻe ʻana i ka manawa, like me kekahi mau ungulates, i ka chamois, i loko o ka makahiki hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou mai ka lalo o ka nahele a hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka kekelē o ko lākou hoʻoku ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi noho i loli. I ke kauwela, mālama ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona i nā kiʻekiʻe mai 1700 a 2500 m, i ka laina o luna o ka ulu lāʻau, i nā subalpine a me nā ʻāpana alpine. ʻO kēia mau hale punahele i kēia manawa he mau papahele, nā wahi hali ma kahi o ka ulu lāʻau, nā wahi i ka nahele i lalo a me nā pine ʻala, ke ahi, ka puna a me ka birch. Mālama ka Chamois i ka pālauʻu a me nā ʻalāleʻa alpine ma hope o nā māla loloa o ka ulu lāʻau birch, kahi a nā holoholona e hūnā i ka pōpilikia a hoʻomaha i nā lā wela wela.
ʻO ka hoʻololi kūpono o nā hola hoʻomaha a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana e hoʻopilikia i ka wā anuanu, malū, i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, a i ke kauwela hoʻi i kahi kaula o kahi e loaʻa ai i nā holoholona nāu. I kēia mau pilikia, i ke waena o ka lā hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kahi nui o nā holoholona momona, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e hoʻomaha nei i ke ahiahi, i ke ahiahi. Ma ke anuanu maikaʻi, e noho ana ka chamois i nā lā a pau ma lalo o nā pani o nā pali, i nā ana, a piʻi paha ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, e ʻai ana i nā lālā liʻiliʻi wīwī.
ʻO holoholona ʻo Chamois. ʻO ka nui a me keʻano o nā bipi e ʻano like i loko o ka hale like a me ka manawa like. ʻO ka nui o ka chamois i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e holo i kahi hoʻokahi, akā holo wikiwiki i nā ʻōkuhi āpau a ʻākoakoa hou i loko o nā pūʻulu o nā ʻano like ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o nā pipi i nānā ʻia e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka nui o ka nui o ka chamois ma kekahi wahi. Ma nā wahi i liʻiliʻi ai ka chamois, loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻāpana 2-3. I ka wā ma mua, ma Caucasus i ka manawa he nui nā pūʻulu o nā anuanu.
I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā holoholona nui, akō, e pili ana i ka kaohi ʻana o nā wahi o ka noho ʻana o ka chamois ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona o nā holoholona.
Nā mākaʻi nui o nā chamois i mālama ʻia ma ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa. Ma kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā ʻano he nui ʻē aʻe, ma ka hoʻoilo a pēlā hoʻi i ka puna wai e emi iki nā nui, a aia wale nō i ke kauwela ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka chamois e hoʻomaka hou i ka pipi.
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka pūnaehana o nā pipi, mai nā holoholona o nā makahiki āpau a me nā kāne like ʻole. Akā, i kekahi manawa he kāne kāne a me nā wahine me nā ʻōpio kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
Pākuʻi Chamois
ʻO nā meaʻai Chamois i ke kauwela he nui ia o nā mea kanu mea kanu. Hoʻākoakoa ʻia e A. A. Nasimovich, e like me nā mea nānā i loko o nā subalpine a me nā zona alpine, ka papa inoa o kā lākou ʻai kauwela i loaʻa i nā ʻano he 33 mau mauʻu a me 8 mau lāʻau o nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. Mai nā ʻano lau nahele no ka nui o nā ʻano no ka nui o nā puaʻa, akā, ma ka papa inoa o nā mea ʻai e ʻai nui ʻia, nā cereals - fescue a me nā bluegrass ma ka wahi mua, e ukali ʻia me meun, bells, anemone, buttercups, penny, butterbur a cowberry. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā lau maloʻo i ʻohi ʻia i nā wahi hoʻoilo ʻole a me ka hau-hau, nā meaʻai a ka lāʻau-lālā - nā lālā a me ka ʻili o ka wīwī, ka beech, ka lehu mauna. ʻO Fescue, nā lau a me nā ʻanuʻu o nā mea kanu hoʻoilo-nui i ʻai i ka nui; ʻO ka ʻai kekahi o nā pine, laau a me nā ʻōpala o ka paina, ke ahi a me ka puna. Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, ua ʻai koke nā hua o ka pahu kakano e nā chamois. ʻAʻohe ʻina maikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka mauʻu i hānai ʻia i nā kūwaha, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka chamois ʻEulopa, ma Caucasus.