Kapaʻa pinepine ʻia ka barguzin i ʻike wale ʻia ka makani e pakele ana mai ke awāwa, a kapa ʻia ka makani kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka loko ʻO Verkhovik lio a pōlora. Ma ka hema o ka loko ia paha he makani hikina. See ʻO Ke makani ma ka Lake Baikal.
ʻLelo o nā makani. - Leningrad: Hydrometeoizdat. L.Z. Proh. 1983.
ʻO ka wehewehe holoholona
ʻO Barguzinsky sable ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa i waena o nā mea he 17 sable. ʻIke ʻia ia ma muli o ka acclimatization mai ke kea ma waena o kahi huakaʻi o ka ʻano Altai.
A nani ka barguzin. He kino make kino ka holoholona, mau pōkole loa me nā pālahalaha ākea a me nā mana o nā wāwae, kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā pepeiao pepeiao a me nā maka ākea. Akā he mea hōʻeuʻeu ikaika e hoʻopau i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā manu a me nā iʻa.
ʻOkoʻa ʻē loa ʻo Barguzin i ka "sable mau hoahānau" ma ka nui:
- ka lōʻihi kino me ke poʻo: 39 - 42 cm i nā kāne, 36 - 41 cm i nā wahine,
- ka ʻumi lōʻihi: 12.2 - 15.5 cm i nā kāne, 12 - 14.5 cm i nā wahine,
- kaupaona kino: 0.9 - 1,2 kg.
Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka hulu manu, ʻo ka barguzin ka lua wale nō i ka sabim Vitim.
He wahi ʻulaʻula ka barguzin ma kona umauma, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona poʻo ma mua o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā paws - ʻo ka nui o nā ʻanuʻu he like me nā alopeke, ʻoiai ʻo ka holoholona he haʻahaʻa loa i nā huaʻōlelo i nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. Mahalo i ka pā ākea ākea a me ka pulu hulu huluhulu ma nā uluna, hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi ka holoholona ma ka hoʻopili hoʻoheheʻe e like me ka ski.
Mālama
Ka neʻe ʻia o Barguzinsky sable ma Lūkini i nā Urals a me Siberian taiga. Noho ʻo ia ma ke kūleʻa kūloko kūpeʻe i ke kahakai hikina o Lake Baikal a me ka ʻauamo Barguzinsky.
Loaʻa nā ʻelele o nā ʻano i Iapana i loko o ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido.
Noho ka holoholona ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, ma nā hollows a me nā indentations i hana maoli ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻeli ka holoholona ponoi i nā lua - e hoʻopili wale ana i ka mea e loaʻa ai, uhi ʻia iā lākou me ka mauʻu a me ka mauʻu maloʻo.
Hoʻokahi mau pahu i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā wahi like i ka manawa like - mau a paʻa ʻole. Maemae ka holoholona a ma lalo o ka "lua" ka wehewehe i kahi mink kaawale ma kahi kokoke i ka hale nui.
ʻAnoʻai a me ka Haʻi
He ʻānua ka maikaʻi o Barguzin, akā ʻaʻole kuleana. Ma kāna papaʻai, ʻaʻohe holoholona wale nō, akā kā nā mea kanu nō hoʻi.
Holo nui ka holoholona holoholona i ka pō. ʻO kona mau mea pio:
- ʻO nā kiʻi
- chipmunks - he mea nāna e ʻai ka holoholona me lākou iho, a me ka luku i kā lākou pantry a huki i nā nati, nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā hua mai laila mai.
- pikas - ka holoholona hihiu-like me nā pepeiao pepeiao nui,
- shrews - ka inoa maʻamau no nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana ʻāhinahina, ka helehelena a me ka nui e like me nā kiʻī, akā ʻaʻole nāona i ka rodents - ʻai nā holoholona i nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi, ʻilikai, ma kekahi manawa - ʻo nā kiʻi.
- voles - rodents, ma Siberia, ʻehā wale nō ʻāpana ʻulaʻula,
- loaʻa poʻomanaʻo
- nā manu liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kekahi mau manawa e ʻai ai ka holoholona i ka kālai, nā iʻa iʻa, a iʻa paha i ka wā i ka spawning.
ʻO Barguzin he māla akamai, wiwo wiwo ʻole me ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole o ka honi a me ka hoʻolohe. Ua hāliʻi ʻo ia i ka pio ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻāpana o ka hau. Ua hele maikaʻi ka holoholona ma o nā waiona a me nā pulehu palaka. Akā ʻaʻole ka mea hakina a me ka holo manu mai ka holoholona. Inā pono, piʻi ka pahu Barguzinsky i ka lāʻau a komo i ka wai, akā hana maikaʻi loa ia. Aka ke hoike mai nei ia i na mea kupanaha o ka hana kaulike: lele nui mai ka lālā a ka lālā, ʻoiai ke kaawale ma waena o lākou he 3-4 m.
I ka wā hiki, ʻaʻole hōʻole ka holoholona i nā meaʻai kanu.
- meli - ʻai pinepine kāna barguzin i nā meli,
- nā hua lāʻau kedera - e like me nā kedera kedera, he nui nā momona, nā mea momona, nā waikawa amino,
- lingoniani,
- blueberries
- nā lāila
- mauna lehu.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
He liʻiliʻi nā ʻenemi a me nā mea hoʻokūkū ma Barguzinsky sable. Heʻuʻuku ka wiwo ʻole e hoʻouka i kēia mea liʻiliʻi, akā kaʻawale loa.
Hoʻopilikia kekahi mau holoholona i nā pēpē a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi barguzins pākeke. Hiki iā lākou ke leʻaleʻa i ka holoholona:
- kharzy - martens yellow-breasted, nā mākaʻikaʻi nui loa o nā ʻano kaupaona a hiki i 6 kg,
- ʻĀwīwīwēwēwē,
- haole
- ʻolio
- nā kui.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻo Barguzinsky sable i ka ʻāpana a me ka huhū loa i nā kāne ʻē aʻe mai laila. No ka hale, hakakā ka holoholona me nā ermines a me nā kolamu Siberian - nā hoahānau pili kokoke o nā ferrets, weasels a me nā minks.
“Aloha” a Barguzin me nā martens i kekahi manawa he kāne holoholona. ʻO ka hopena, hānau nā keiki - hānau ʻia nā keiki. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hulu ma mua o ka marten, akā i kahi haʻahaʻa i ka sable.
ʻAno hānau
Hōʻalo nā holoholona i ke kakahiaka a me ke kauwela o ke kauwela. ʻO ka wahine hapai i nā wahine he 10 mau mahina, mai 1 a 4 mau keiki paha i kahi litter. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Sable i ke kahiki mua. Ua hānau lāua he makapō a he makapō. Ma kahi mahina wale nō i hala, ua kaʻakaʻa ko lākou mau maka a lohe nā pepeiao.
ʻAno hānai loa nā pēpē no 1-1.5 mau mahina a hānai i ka waiū makuahine. Mai ka lua o ka malama, ua hānai nā wahine iā lākou me ka ʻai ʻahaʻaina a i ʻole ʻāpana mau mea pāʻani. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka nā holoholona i waho o ka mink.
Ma ke waena o ke kauwela, kūʻokoʻa ke ulu ʻōpiopio a haʻalele i ka hale o kona makuakāne, a lilo hou nā wahine i hana huakaʻi. Loaʻa nā barguzins i ka wā wīwī i 2-3 mau makahiki wale nō.
Ma muli o ka rut hoʻoilo hala, ʻaʻole i hoʻopōmaikaʻi ka mua mua ʻana.
He wā e haki ai
I ka wā kūkulu o ka Barguzin BZHRK, ʻike mau ʻia kona mau ʻenehana. I ka hopena o 2014, ua hōʻike ka nūhou kūloko i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka hale kalepa a me ke kahua o ka missile RS-24 Yars. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia i nā luna i kēia ʻike.
Ma Nowemapa 14, ua hoʻopuka ʻo RIA Novosti i kahi ʻōlelo iʻike nui ʻia e ka General Designer o Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering (MIT), i hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā Barguzin. Ua haʻi ka ʻepekema o ka Russian Academy of Science Yuri Solomonov ua hoʻokumu kā kāna ʻoihana i kahi hui hoʻohui Yars me ka nui o ka hana basing.
Hiki i kahi pua balistic o kēia ʻano ke hoʻohana me ka silo launilo (silo), ma kahi pā kula huki (PGRK), a i ʻole he wahi o ka BZHRK. Eia kekahi, e like me nā hoʻoponopono kūʻokoʻa a me nā ʻāpana, ua hui pū ʻia kēia ʻikepili o ka Yarsa me ka pūlū lūlū Bulava.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia ʻikepili i kahi hōʻoia kū ʻole o nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā Barguzin e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o Yars. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole kuhi koʻikoʻi kēia mau ʻike. Ua kāpae ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi BZHRK hou e kākoʻo i nā hana me kahi ʻoi kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole, ua lilo ka hope o nā missiles Yars ma kahi o nā kaʻa mokulele.
ʻO ka nīnau no ka hiki
Ua lilo ka ʻōlelo a Y. Solomonov i kumu no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka pono o ka BZHRK i nā pila o nā pūʻali koa Lūkini Uila Rula. Hōʻike ʻia nā manaʻo kūpono ma kēia kumuhana. No laila, ma Dekemaba 5, ua paʻi ʻo RIA Novosti i nā ʻōlelo a ke poʻo o ka Center for International Security, IMEMO RAS, Kaukaʻāina Alexei Arbatov.
ʻIke ka papa hoʻonaʻauao i loko o nā ʻōlelo a Yu .. Solomonov he hōʻailona e pili ana i ka hiki hou ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana mai o Barguzin. I ka manawa like, pono ka hoʻokumu i kahi BZHRK hou i kānalua. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo A. Arbatov he mea pono a me ka ʻona, ʻo ia ʻano hana a pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai.
Ua kapa aku ka puunehana i ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa camouflage i kahi hiʻona maikaʻi o ka BZHRK. ʻO ka kaʻa kaʻa me nā missiles ma luna o ka ʻoniʻoni ʻaʻole like ʻole i ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nakinaki ʻia ke kaʻaahi i nā ala ʻōkole - "hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kaʻa i nā mea e hele ai." ʻO nā wahi e pili ana i nā kahua kaʻa e hōʻemi loa ai, a he mea paʻakikī paha ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī mai ka hopena. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka pono o ka ʻākaka ma nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole.
I ke aniani o ka holo lima, e like me A. Arbatov, BZHRK i haʻahaʻa ia PGRK ma luna o nā chassis i kaʻaila. ʻAʻole pono nā mea hope i nā ala kaʻa a i ʻole nā alahaka. ʻO kā lākou ala rula ua aneane ʻole loa.
A no laila, ua nānā nui ka mea noiʻi i ka pilikia o ka hiki i ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ka ʻahikahi RS-24 "Yars" ʻekolu ʻekolu mau ʻano hoʻohālikelike - akā e loaʻa ai ke kālā e ʻike i kēia mau manawa āpau.
I ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālāʻana i kahi mea kaua Lūkia hou, ua kiʻi ʻo A. Arbatov i ka ʻike haole. No laila, i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o nā pūʻali hoʻolālā kaulike o ʻAmelika aia wale nō kahi o kaʻenehana pae honua i hoʻohana i ka silos. No ka hoʻopili ʻana, hana ʻia kekahi laʻana like like. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana o nā misalena i ʻike ʻia ma ko kākou ʻāina.
ʻAʻohe kumu e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ai
A hiki i ka 2017-18, i ka wā i ʻikea ai e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ana i ka hana ma Barguzin, ʻo ke kumuhana o ka hoʻokumu hou ʻana i kahi BZHRK e kaulana nui a aia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika a puni iā. ʻO nā news e pili ana i ka manuahi ʻana o ka hana e alakaʻi i kahi hana ma ia ʻano. Nā ʻōlelo a Yu .. Solomonov e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o Yars i hui pū ʻia a me ka nui o ka hiki ʻana o ke holo ʻana i kahi holo mokuahi hou ke alakaʻi i nā hopena kaulana.
ʻO ke kumuhana ka mea e kūkā ʻia ma nā pae āpau, a hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā maʻamau a me nā kumu kula. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā kūkākūkā mua. ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kauoha ka pūʻali koa a me ke alakaʻi aupuni o Rūsia e kāpae i ka hana ma ka Barguzin BZHRK e makemake ai i nā papahana ʻē aʻe me kahi ʻoi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā hōʻike mua o ka pani ʻana o ka papahana Barguzin i haʻi aku i nā kumu waiwai no ke hoʻoholo ʻana. Hōʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī ma hope. Kahi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka BZHRK a me ka PGRK hou i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai i nā kumuwaiwai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka puʻuwai Avangard, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka Strategic Missile Forces a no ka hiki ke pale aku.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ke hoʻomanaʻo mau nei ʻo "Barguzin", akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo nui he paʻakikī maoli i hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Hāpai ka nānāʻana i nā Pūnaewele Missile Pūnaewele a me ka Ministry of Defense e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe.
E kūʻē i kēia kiʻi i nā ʻōlelo hou a Yu. Solomonov e like me ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ke hoʻomohala nei i ka hana e pili ana a me ka laina ICBM ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hana ʻo MIT i kahi hoʻohui o ka mana no ka Yars missile no ka hoʻohana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. No ka mea, ua hana ʻia e ka pūʻali nā mea āpau a me ke kelepona nui o ka hoʻopuni ʻana, ʻoiai ua haʻalele ʻia ke ala. Loaʻa loa paha.
He aha ka paʻakikī
Wahi a nā ʻike ʻike ʻike maikaʻi, hoʻomaka ʻo MIT e hoʻomohala i ka Barguzin BZHRK ma 2012 a hoʻomau a hiki i ka 2017. Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā luna i kekahi ʻike, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ikepili i hele mai mai nā wahi i pāpā ʻia ʻole ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke kiʻi i ke kiʻi nui, akā pehea ka ʻike maoli ʻole ʻia.
Ua manaʻo ʻia, i loko o ka papa hana kuʻuna like ka Barguzin hou e like me ka pākuʻi mua o Molodets. Hiki ke lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke kaʻa o nā kaʻa he nui me nā mea hoʻolaha, nā lako palekana, nā pou kauoha, nā noho noho, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Nā ʻano hoʻohālike a me ke ʻano hoʻi a hiki i kahi manawa maopopo ʻole.
I ka 2014, ua hōʻike ka nūhou Lūkia e hoʻohana ʻo Yars-type ICBMs a i ʻole nā hoʻololi ʻana e lilo i ʻāpana o Barguzin. Maʻae kēia iā mākou e huki i kekahi o nā hopena koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, he mea e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o kekahi mau pūʻali o nā missile o nā Strategic Missile Forces e kahi mea nui. I kēlā manawa, aia ka RS-24 i ka hana ma ke silos a ma ka PGRK. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hāʻawi ʻia lākou e ICBM i luna o nā kaʻaahi.
ʻAʻole ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka rock Yars ma mua o 22-23 m, ʻo ke kaupaona pelekane ma mua o 50 mau tonika. Hoʻokahi kahi punahele missile me nā mea hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka palena o ke kaʻe ʻekena. Hoohui, ʻaʻohe pono e hana i kahi kaʻa kūikawā me ka nui o nā wili. Hoʻemi ʻia nā koi o ke ala, e hoʻonui ana i nā wahi pā patroli i loaʻa.
ʻO BZHRK ma ke kumu o "Yars" hiki ke ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano "maikaʻi i hana ʻia" a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku. Kahi mea paʻakikī hiki ke lilo i hoʻohui maikaʻi a kūpono hoʻi i nā ala ʻē aʻe o ka Strategic Missile Forces.
I ka hāʻule ʻana o 2016, ua hōʻike ʻia na hoʻokolokolo missile no ka Barguzin BZHRK i mālama ʻia ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa o Plesetsk. I nā mahina e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia ʻano nono, a ma Dekemaba 2017, hoʻolaha ka nūpepa i ka pau ʻana o ka hana. Ma hope mai, ʻike ʻia nā kumu no ka pani ʻana o ka hana.
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana me ke kaʻa ʻole
ʻO ka papahana nui a ka Ministry of Defense a me ka Strategic Missile Forces kauoha e hoʻomohala i nā mea kaua e ʻike maikaʻi ʻia. ʻO ka pūʻali nui o ka pūʻali koa ICBM e lilo mau ana i lilo ka RS-24 "Yars" i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona - no nā mines a no nā neʻe ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī. I ka wā kokoke e hiki mai ai e loaʻa kekahi pōhaku kaumaha nui i hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi RS-28 Sarmat. ʻO ka hiki ʻana o ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia ka mea e hiki ai i kahi mana kiʻekiʻe o nā Pūnaewele Hoʻohui Nui a hoʻonui i ko lākou hiki.
ʻAʻohe o nā hoʻolālā i loaʻa i kahi wahi e hoʻomohala a kau i nā ʻōnaehana missile hana e pili ana i nā kaʻaahi. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻōnaehana pono, i ka manawa hoʻokahi i alakaʻi ʻia ai ka papahana Barguzin. Ma hope mai, ua haʻalele ʻia i ka makemake no nā mea e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana. ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka BZHRK, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā hopena o ka hana piha ʻole ma ke kumuhana o "Barguzin", ua loaʻa i ka MIT a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe kekahi mau ʻike i ka hana ʻana o kahi BZHRK hou ma lalo o ka mana o ka hoʻohālike hou. Inā loaʻa, hiki ke hoʻokau i kēia ʻike i kahi papa hana hou inā hoʻoholo ke kauoha e hana hou.
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Barguzin
Barguzin He karnivore nani mai kahi ʻohana marten, i loaʻa i nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, i manaʻo nui ʻia no kona mau ʻulu ʻulu, ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka kala o ka hulu i ka leheleʻele loa i ke aniani ʻulaʻula. ʻOiuli ke kala i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻili, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona kumukūʻai ma nā leʻaʻo ka hulu. ʻO ka inoa o ka barguzin sable, aia a Slavic aʻa a loaʻa i nā kumu i nā ʻōlelo o ka haina o ʻEulopa, ma muli paha o ke kālepa ʻana o ka hulu i ka makahiki i ka makahiki ʻAmelika Mua. No laila, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka lālani Lūkia (sobol) i Kelemania Zobel, Portuguese zibelina, French zibeline, Finnish soopeli, Dutch Sabel, etc.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Ua wehewehe ʻo Carl von Linne iā Barguzin i ka makahiki 1758 i loko o kahi puke i kapa ʻia ʻo Natura, i kapa ʻia ʻo Mustela zibellina. ʻO ka helu ʻana o nā genus marten (Mustelidae) i hana ʻia e Sergey Ognev i ka makahiki 1925. I ka laulā nui, ʻo ka barguzin Martes zibellina ka like piha me ka pine marten (M. martes), marten ʻAmelika (M. americana) a me Japanese marten (M. melampus). Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku kahi ʻoi aku ka pōkole a me nā wahi iʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka silky.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nā kiʻi: Animal Barguzin
Ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa i ka ʻike ʻia o barguzins ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka pae ʻāina, ua manaʻo ʻia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. He ʻumikūmālua mau subspecies e ʻike ʻia i kēia lā, akā ua ʻike nā kumuhana ʻepekema hou aʻe i nā koho koho mai ʻehiku a kanakolu.
ʻO ke kiko o ka barguzin, e like me nā martens he nui, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi elongated, kino ʻōpū a me nā limu pōkole. Morfologically, ua like ka barguzin i ka pine marten, akā liʻu iki a nui a me kahi hiʻu pōkole, a ʻoi aku ka ʻili o ke kapa.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu me ka ʻulaʻula i ka ʻeleʻele. Kahi liʻiliʻi ka poʻo i ke kino ma mua o ke kino. I kekahi manawa i ka lauoho ke wehe ʻokoʻa a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula paha. I kēia hihia, lilo ke aniani o ka huluhulu i kahi keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ke kua a me nā wāwae. I kekahi mau kanaka, ʻike ʻia ka hulu ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻāʻī, hiki ke hina hina, keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻula paha. ʻO nā kapa hulu hoʻoilo i nā lauoho lōʻihi a i ke kauwela, a i ke kauwela ua lilo lākou i pōkole, coarser a ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopau ʻia Shedding mai Malaki a Mei a mai ʻAukake a Nowemapa.
Hōʻike ʻo M. zibellina i ka dimorphism i waena o ka kāne a me nā wahine. Hiki i nā sables ke lōʻihi o ke kino he 32 a 53 cm (kāne) a 30 paha i 48 cm (wahine). Kākahi nāole mai 30.5 a 46 cm i ka lōʻihi. I ka awelika, ʻo 9 mau kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka paona o nā kāne, mai 1150 a 1850 mau grama, nā wahine mai 650 a 1600 gram. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonui ʻia ke kaumaha e 7-10%.
Aia i hea kahi barguzin e noho ai?
Kiʻi ʻO: Barguzin ma Lūkia
Loaʻa ka sabguzin sable ma nā ʻāpana ʻĀkau o ʻAsia, ʻo ka wā o kona neʻe ʻana i uhi ʻia ke kuʻuna mai Scandinavia a hiki i ʻĀina Kina. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ka palena o ka holoholona i kahi mamao i ke komohana, akā loaʻa nō ia ma ke ao Siberia a me China ʻĀina.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ma Lūkia, ʻo ka hoʻohele ʻia ʻana o ka barguzin me ka hoʻopuka pinepine ʻana i nā holoholona he 19,000 i ka hana mai ka makahiki 1940 a 1965.
ʻO ka māhele hoʻoili mua o ka barguzin i uhi i ka hapa nui o ke komohana ʻĀpana, a komo pū me Scandinavia. Ma nā mau ʻāina o kā lākou laha, nalowale lākou, a no kēia lā, ʻaʻole lākou e noho ma ke komohana o nā mauna Ural.
ʻO nā mahele o kēia manawa e kau nei:
- Lūkia: aneane kokoke a pau ʻo Siberia hikina o ka Urals, me Sakhalin,
- Kazakhstan: ma ka palena ʻākau loa ma ke kahawai Bukhtarma a me Uba,
- Haina: ʻo ka māhele ʻāpana e pili ana i ʻekolu ʻokoʻa kahi: ma ka ʻaoʻao o Altai i Xinjiang, ma nā mauna ʻo Greater Khingan a, inā paha ma nā kuahiwi o Lesser Khingan, ma nā kuahiwi o Changbai,
- Mongolia: ma Altai a i nā nahele,
- ʻĀkau Kahiko: ma ka mauna ʻo Changbai a ʻaoʻao hema o nā mauna,
- Lapana: ma ka mokupuni o Hokkaido.
Ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o barguzin i nā mauna Ural, kahi i hui pū ai lākou me nā pine pine ʻulaʻula. Makemake nui kēia holoholona i ka nahele nāiga taiga, ma nā pāpū a me nā wahi mauna o ʻAsia ʻākau. Loaʻa ʻo Barguzin M. zibellina i nā lāʻau kuʻi a me nā lāʻau kedera o Siberia Eastern, a me nā lāʻau larch a me nā kumu lāʻau popʻo o Siberia. Manaʻo paha ʻo ia e pale aku i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka ʻano nui ka ʻāpana terestrial a me ka kūkulu ʻana i nā pua i ka lāʻau maʻa.
He aha nā kai a barguzin?
ʻO ke kiʻi: Barguzin ma ke ʻano
Kēlā kaʻai o ka barguzin e like me ka manawa. Hoʻohana nui lākou i nā kiʻi karnivorous, chipmunks, squirrels, egg bird, bird liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa. Hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻai i nā huaʻa, nā ʻāpana pine a me nā mea kanu, ke loaʻa ʻole nā kumu kumu nui o ka meaʻai. Ma ke ʻano ʻino o ka wā, mālama ka barguzin M. zibellina i kāna mea pio i loko o kāna kao i mea e kākoʻo iā ia a hiki i ka hiki ke kiʻi hou. Hōʻī nā holoholona i nā ermine, nā manu a me nā weasels liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kekahi manawa hahai ka poʻe pākia ma ke ala o nā ʻīlio a me nā bears a e hānai i nā koena o kā lākou ʻahaʻaina. Hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻai i ka mollusks, e like me ka slugs a lākou e huki ai i ka ʻōpū, e wehe i ka nahemū. Hoʻopau nā ʻona i nā iʻa i nā iʻa, i hopu ʻia me nā wāwae mua. ʻO ka hapa nui o kā lākou meaʻai me nā rodents liʻiliʻi. I Siberia, nā kiʻī kahi i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 50% o ka huaʻai o nā sables. I ka hoʻoilo, ke mālama lākou i ka hau a me ka hau, ua hānai pinepine lākou i nā hua lāʻau.
ʻO nā mammals ʻē aʻe ma ka papa kuhikuhi paha:
Hiki i ka meaʻai a nā holoholona ke komo pū me nā manu, nā iʻa a me nā iniseti. Eia kekahi, līlī ka holoholona i ka meli mai nā poli nalo. ʻO nā mea kanu kā lākou e kūkulu ai i kahi mahele nui o nā meaʻai. Ma ka waenakonu o ka Yenisei, ua ʻike ʻia e hānai mau ana ka ʻōpio kūloko i 20% o nā hua a ia mea palu a me nā blueberries. Ke kiʻi nui nei ʻo Barguzins ma o ke kani a me ka ʻono, a he lohe lākou. Hāʻawi lākou i kā lākou wahi me ke kaamona i hana ʻia e nā kipi i loko o ka ʻōpū.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe pehea e hānai ai i ka barguzin. E ʻike kā mākou e noho nei i ka wao.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Barguzin i ka hoʻoilo
Holo nui nā Sables i ka lepo, akā hiki ke piʻi maikaʻi. Hoʻokumu lākou i kekahi mau honu ma kā lākou wahi kokoke i nā ka muliwai muliwai a ma nā ʻāpana loa o ka nahele, ma ka nui o nā kumu lāʻau koha, ma nā ʻūhā a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau e pālahalaha ai lākou me nā mea maloʻo a me ka lauoho. Hana ʻia kēia mau lua i kahi palekana e hiki ai.
ʻO ka'āpana o ka barguzin mai 4 a 30 km². Lako ʻia ka nui i ka nohona a no laila hiki i ka meaʻai hiki, a i ka makahiki o ka holoholona. I kēlā me kēia lā, holo ka ʻili i loko o kona wahi o 6.5-12 km. I nā hihia kūʻokoʻa loa, he 30 km ka lōʻihi, akā ua ʻike ʻia nā neʻe ʻana o 300 km.
ʻO ka hapanui ka pīhoihoi i ka wanaʻao, akā hiki ke neʻe i ka pō, akā ʻehā hoʻi i ka wā o ke ao. I ke anuanu loa, he mau manawa pinepine lākou ma ko lākou pūnana. Ke neʻe nei ka neʻe o ka neʻe ma muli o nā pihi liʻiliʻi me ka laulā o 40 a 70 cm. Ma ka hana a ka ʻaoʻao, hiki i ka mea waiwai ke lele a hiki i ka m 4 m. kahi lōʻihi.
Ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ke ʻano o nā makahiki o ka ʻano, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e nā ʻano ʻelemakule, penei: nā keiki liʻiliʻi 62.7%, hoʻokahi makahiki ʻo 12.5%, 2–4 mau makahiki –– 2.7-5.5%, 5-7 mau makahiki –— 1.5—1 3.7%, nā holoholona 8 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku - 0.4–1.7% ma nā Urals a me 75.6%, 5.7%, 2.7–4.9%, 0.8–2.5% a 0.2–1.4%, kēlā me kēia, i ke Komohana Komohana. Nā ola mau makahiki o ka mau ʻanuʻu: 19.9% no nā keiki'ōpio, 44.0% no nā makahiki kau a me 75.9–79.4% o nā holoholona no 2-9 mau makahiki ma nā Urals a ʻo 33.0%, 59.6% a 49.3-75 , 8% pakahi i ke Komohana Komohana.
Ma nā mahiʻai, ola nā barguzins i 18 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ma ka poʻe holoholona hihiu o ka sables e ola loa he ola 9-10 mau makahiki, he ʻilihune ka nui o nā barguzins. ʻO ka hapalua o nā hapakolu o ka nui no ka poʻe sable kanaka he kanaka ma lalo o ke mau makahiki ʻelua mau makahiki.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO Barguzin liʻiliʻi
Manaʻo ʻia nā kāne, ʻōpala i ko lākou wahi, i hana ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o ka hau ma kahi o hoʻokahi mita lōʻihi, me ke ʻano o ka urination pinepine. Hoʻomoe ka hana ma waena o Iune 15 a me ʻAukake 15, me ka lā i ʻokoʻa ʻia e ka wahi kikoʻī. Ma nā wahi he nui kekahi mau kanaka, nā hana hoʻokūkū e pili ana i ka jogging, ka lele ʻana a me nā “kani kani” ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, i nā wahi e hoʻopiʻi ai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā kāne i ka hoʻokūkū wahine, hiki i nā hoʻokūkū wahine ke alakaʻi i nā kaua ʻino.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pā momona i ka paia o ka wahine. Ke hoʻomaka nei ke kanu ma hope o ʻewalu mau mahina, a ʻo ka hoʻomohukui embryonic e lawe wale ʻia i 25-30 mau lā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka huina o ka wā hāpai i ka lā mai 250 a 300 mau lā. ʻO nā litter wahine mai 1 a 7 mau cubs, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea lūlū o 2-3 mau mea maʻamau. Loaʻa kekahi mau barguzins i ka mālama makua, ʻoiai mālama nā kāne i ka ʻāina o nā wahine a hāʻawi pū i nā meaʻai hānai a me kā lākou keiki.
Hānau ʻia nā barguzins hou i hala ʻole, me nā maka maka a me nā ʻāpana lahilahi loa. Ke kaupaona nei nā kamaliʻi ma waena o 25 a me 35 mau grika a ma ka awelika ka lōʻihi o 10 cm. ʻO Barguzyats e hāmama i ko lākou mau maka ma waena o 30 a me 36 mau lā o ko lākou ola a waiho i ka pūnana ma hope koke iho. ʻEhiku mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hōluhi ʻia a loaʻa ka meaʻai momona mai ko lākou makuahine. Hiki ʻo Barguzins i ka wā paʻu i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.
Nā koho a me nā kumukūʻai. Buy ma Moscow
ʻO ka nani make: he aha ka waiwai o ka hulu barguzin
ʻO ka hulu Sable ua mahalo nui ʻia. ʻEleʻeleʻeleʻele. No laila, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka barguzin i ka pau ʻole. Ua pepehi ʻia ʻo ia no ka ʻaʻahu ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka hulu o ka barguzin ma mua o ka huluhulu o nā sables ʻē aʻe i ka kūlike, ka maʻa a me ka maʻalahi.
I nā kenekulia XV-XVIII, ua luku ʻia nā kānaka he ʻumi kaukani. Nui ka waiwai o kā lākou hulu no ka loaʻa ʻana mai ka kūʻai aku ʻana i ka huluhulu, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka waihona kālā o ka mokuʻāina Lūkia i ka makahiki XVII. Ua kūʻai ʻia nā lā, a kūʻai ʻia, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi i ke kālā.
Ma muli o ka luku nui ʻana ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, ua aneane ʻole nā barguzins i waiho ʻia. Noho wale lākou i nā wahi i pale maluhia lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alahele, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā wahi mehameha ma mua o ka poʻe, nā ahi ahi, a me ka hūnā ʻana o ka hana i hoʻohui ʻia i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā lāʻau sable.
ʻO ka hāhi nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano, ʻo ka wehe ʻana o ka Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve - ka ʻāina ʻauhau mua ma Russia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka 1916 ma ka moku ʻo Buryatia. E pālahalaha ana ma luna o 3743 mau mika square. km ma ke ao Komohana Baikal, ma ke kapakai o Lake Baikal a me ka pana o Barguzinsky.
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Sable ma ka Red Red o Russia a me Sakhalin.
Eia nō naʻe, aia ka nui o nā poʻe e makemake e kiʻi i ka hulu hulu, kapa, nā kola a pāpale paha mai kahi lāleʻeleʻele. I mea ʻole e hoʻopau i nā holoholona hihiu a i ka manawa like e hoʻopiha i ka pono o ka poʻe, ua hoʻomaka ka barguzins e bred en masse i loko o nā mahiʻai hulu.
He hana kupanaha maoli ʻo Barguzin. Ua make loa ka holoholona no kona kapa kupaianaha kupanaha loa. ʻO ke kūpaʻa, ua mālama a hoʻonui ʻia ka heluna. I kēia lā hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i ka holoholona ma ke kahua o Barguzinsky Reserve. Maanei, ʻaʻole wale ka noho ʻana i ka ululāʻau i ka ulu lāʻau, akā hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i nā hale o nā ulu lāʻau.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā barguzins
Hoʻopili i nā make kūlohelohe, hiki i nā barguzins ke hoʻouka ʻia e ʻewalu ʻano o nā mammals a me ʻewalu mau manu manu. ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū paʻa i kona noho home he mau mea hoʻonani mana a me nā karnivorous. Hiki i kahi holoholona ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ma mua o nā ʻano he 34 o nā helminths, 19 mau ʻano o ka lehelehe a ʻekolu mau ʻano o nā mika gamasid, i ʻōlelo ʻia me nā hua lāʻau sable.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka barguzin i loaʻa i kekahi mau holoholona nui, ʻo ia hoʻi:
Hoʻopili ʻia nā Barguzins i nā ʻāʻī a me nā niho koʻikoʻi, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke pale palekana iā lākou iho mai nā mea he nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kanaka ka mea hōʻino maikaʻi loa, no ka nui o nā kenekulia ua manaʻo ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻili nui maikaʻi loa. Ua kaulana ʻia nā holoholona i ka makahiki 3 o SM. Ma ke mahalo, hoʻouna ka poʻe Scythian i ka hulu manu nui i ka honua Helene ma ke Kaiʻula.
Ma hope mai, lilo nā ʻili sable i hōʻailona no ke kūlana, a ma hope hoʻi i Lūkia. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka lei aliʻi o ka tsars i ke kala ʻia me nā hulu ʻala maikaʻi mai ka makahiki 17. ʻO nā poʻe i pio i Siberia e uku i ka ʻili kino. No laila, ma muli o ka hiʻona nui, lilo ka ʻapo i ka ʻano kamaha ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka waiwai nui i ka makahiki 2010 he $ 167 no ka hulle pua a me $ 138 no ka lawaiʻa holoholona hihiu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻili mai nā holoholona i hānai ʻia i kēia manawa ke komo nei i ka mākeke.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Nā kiʻi: Animal Barguzin
Aia ʻo Sable i ka māhele o nā holoholona o ka minamina, no ka mea, e like me ka mea e manaʻo mua ai ma mua o ka ʻelua miliona mau kānaka e pālahalaha ma Eurasia. Ma ka hapa nui o kāna ākea, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā helu, ʻoiai naʻe ka emi ʻana o kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea i hana ʻia he wahi ʻāpana wale nō o kona kahele ʻana.
Mea ʻoiai: I ka Soviet Union, ua ʻae ʻia ka hopu ʻana no ka barguzin a me ka lawaiʻa ma waena o 194 a me 1960, ma kahi o 20,000 mau kīle i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā kīhāpai i ka nahele. Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia mau hana i kēia lā ua hoʻihoʻi hou mai ka lehulehu o nā barguzins i kēia ʻāina i kāna pae mua, a manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo IUCN ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka holoholona i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka mea nui i ka hoʻoemi he hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. Eia nō naʻe, ma Lūkia, e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani e like me ke kuʻuna ʻepekema, no laila, ʻaʻole kēia kipa i ka weliweli i nā ʻano. Ua nalowale kekahi ala ma muli o ka deforestation, ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kamaʻilio a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā minela hou, nā aila a me nā kumuea.
Mālama ʻia ʻo Barguzin i loko o nā wahi mālama ʻāina a me nā paka kūloko. Ma waho o nā wahi palekana, ke kāohi ʻia nei ka ʻami hamona ma Lūkia e ka hopu ʻai i nā kuʻuna no kēlā me kēia ʻāina a ua palena ʻia i ka manawa mai ʻOkakopa 15 a Pepeluali 29. ʻO nā wahi nui kahi e pale ʻia ai ka barguzin, he mau ʻāina kūʻokoʻa 41 mau wahi me ka nui o 164,960 km².
Ma Kina, ua pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana ma nā wahi o 215,678 km² o nā holoholona. I Mongolia, ua kohoʻiaʻo ia he mea paʻakikī. I ka DPRK kūlia ho'ēmi ʻia ma ka hope. Ma Iapana, ua pale ʻia nā subspecies kūloko mai ka 1920 a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nei i kēia mau mea e hoʻopau ʻia. ʻAʻohe hapa makana nui o Iapana, Korea, a i ʻole ʻo Kazakhstan; ʻo nā wahi nui o kēlā me kēia ʻāina i ʻoki i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka honua o nā ʻano.