ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā blackbirds - ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 22 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 60 g He ʻano mele a he ʻano mele, akā he mea like ia ma nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi palala he brownish-green i ke kua a me nā lāʻau ʻoliva-ʻulaʻula ma ka lalo. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ka umauma a me nā hulu ʻiliʻili o ka ʻēheu he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.

Ke makemake nei ʻo Whitebrowd i nā wahi mālamalama, kahi nui o nā kumulāʻau a me nā loko wai, kahi i noho ai i nā ulu lāʻau ʻalā liʻiliʻi, kahi nui o nā pua pua liʻiliʻi. Ua lilo kekahi i manu i nā māla a me nā māla. Hōʻalo i nā ululāʻau pōkole a i ʻole nā ​​nahele ulu.

Laulā. Hoʻopau nā kāne i nā wahi nui loa. He haʻahaʻa loa ka nūnū ma ka lāʻau a hoʻokumu i kahi kīkī pale semicircular. Palapala ʻia a i loko ʻokoʻa a paʻa ʻia e ka honua a me ka pālolo. E hoʻopili i nā hua ʻulaʻula 7 a pua ʻulaʻula a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi ʻulaʻula.

Meaʻai - huʻu, pepeke, huaʻa. Kēia ʻōlohelohe i hānai i nā moa i lawe ʻia i loko o kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu i hoʻokahi manawa, akā me ka puʻukū piha, e kolo ana i ka pūnana, a laila kahele ʻia i waena o nā moa.

Kāleka

ʻO ke kāleka kipa o ka ʻūlū ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kīʻaha kukui e kū ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke poʻo ma luna o nā maka, e like me nā maka kuʻekuʻe i ke nānā ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao.

He hoihoi! ʻO ka plishage o nā kaila ʻalani a me ka ʻulaʻula o nā kua o hope i ka ʻili o ke kukui i loko o kahi mākeke pōuli.

ʻO ka lalo o ka uhi ʻūheu a me ka umauma ma nā ʻaoʻao he ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻOi aku ka wahine o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻoiaiʻo ia ke paʻakikī i ka nānā.. ^ E Ha yM. Ua liʻiliʻi ka beak i ka nui, kuhikuhi. Mālama ʻia ka wāwae wāwae i loko o ka nui, ʻeleʻele i ka kala, me nā ʻili liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Heʻuʻuku nā ʻēheu, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka hopena, hiki i ke anuanu 35 cm. ʻO Belobrovik ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā kīlapa: ʻo kona loa o ke kino holoʻokoʻa mai 15 cm a 23 cm, ke kaupaona ʻana mai 45 g. a hala o 60 gr.

ʻLeʻele a me ke ʻano

He manuahi a paʻakikī loa kēia mau manu. Piʻi lākou i ka lewa māmā a me ka ʻoluʻolu, me nā ʻēheu ʻihi ʻihi. Ma ka papa kahi i neʻe ai lākou i nā kapuwaʻi a piʻi paha, e haʻalele i ka pilikia. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa o ka hale hana hale hānai, he nui loa lākou. Hāpai lākou i ko lākou mau home i kahi kahua paʻa o ka ʻōpala, nā māla lāʻau lāʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kahi pūnana i nā mākelā o nā lāʻau a i ʻole ka mauʻu wiwo ʻole ma ka papa. Me ka mālie, hiki i kēia mau manu ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻāina hou, akā, i ka wā o ka hoʻokalakupua, mālama ka paʻa i ka pūnana, lele wale nō i ka wai i ka wai.

Ma hope o ka wā hana ʻana, lele i ka nahele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Lele lākou i loko o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a i ʻole wale nō naʻe, eia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, me ke kāhea ʻana i ke kāhea ʻana i hiki iā lākou ke huki i kekahi nui o nā ʻohana like ʻole e noho nei i ka ʻohana. Ke ʻimi nui ʻia ka meaʻai ma ka ʻāina: ma lalo o ka moss a i ʻole nā ​​lau maloʻo. ʻAʻole komo ʻo Belobrovik i nā manu hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makaʻu ʻo ia i ke anu anu - ua lele ia i ka hopena o ka ʻūlū, inā ʻo ka waihona meaʻai e ʻae ia linger, pinepine i ka wā e lele ai i nā pā nui a hui pū ʻia i nā pua o nā ʻano heʻe.

Hoʻomaka nā ʻōpio kāne i kā lākou mau ʻimi mua i ka haku ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hīmeni ʻana i ka makahiki ʻelua a me ka hapa hebedoma, e hana ana i ka manawa like a me nā leo kani leo. Mau nā browbrowers i kā lākou mau hoʻokalakupuaʻi maoli kokoke i ka pili i ka wā hana, a laila a hiki i ka waena waena o ke kauwela, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka wā lohi Aia nā mele he ʻelua ʻāpana: hoʻomaka me ke kiki leo nani mai nā kaniā heʻea ʻē aʻe, i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā nota kiʻekiʻe a i lalo, a laila ka launa i kahi ana o nā kani like ʻole. No ka hoʻopauʻana, piʻi ka kāne i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau. Hiki i kahi uʻala haʻalulu ke hōʻike i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōʻino, a me ke kani ʻana i ka mea i loaʻa.

Ehia ka lōʻihi?

ʻIke ʻia nā ʻike e pili ana i ke ola o nā paʻai ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe - a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki a i ke pio ʻana - a hiki i 20 mau makahiki.. ^ E Ha yM. Eia nō naʻe, ke lanakila nei i ka ʻōlelo o ke ola o ka "mele" ikaika, hiki mai i ka nīnau ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka pithiness o kēlā ola. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia manawa kūpono i kēia mau manu i loko o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe, e ola ana i kā lākou iho, piha ka hopohopo a me nā hauʻoli a pau, he ola pōkole, a hoʻolohe i kāna mele i nā manawa e kamaʻilio pū ai me ke ʻano, ke hele maila iā ia, a lawe ʻole mai i kāna ʻāpana i ke ʻano o kahi mea ola i parekulia iilii.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho ʻo Belobrovik i hui ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​mana paha, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka birch, nā ulu lāʻau o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, e makemake ana i ke kaona a me nā kihi ākea. Hiki iā ia ke noho i nā pā kākela a me nā kuahiwi, nā ʻāina moʻomeheu o ka'āina, i nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi, i nā pale ka nahele. Kokoke ma laila ʻoe e lawa ai ka loko. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā ulu lāʻau coniferous pōkole. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ke lele a ma ke komohana hema o ʻEulopa, a ma Asia Minor a i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika.

ʻĀpuna ʻo Whitebrower

Loaʻa iā Belobrovik ka meaʻai nui ma ka honua: nā nūpepa, nā mollusks, nā pepeke, a me ka mea hānai pū ʻia nā moa. ʻO ka pua a beanver he mea aloha i nā mea inikini kulike: ʻaʻole wale nō e kaʻe wale ana i ka lāʻau, akā noho nō hoʻi ma lalo o ka pā, a me nā ʻuʻuku, ke kō a me nā mea inikini makemake e ʻoliʻoli i ka lāʻau, hiki ke lilo i kaʻai o ka ʻōpala pua. He manu pōloli nō hoʻi e hoʻoulu i nā meaʻai ʻai ʻona: nā pīpī, nā ʻuʻuku, nā manu, nā pōpoki, nā ʻano like ʻole, nā pōpoki, a me nā hua ʻai: nā hua ʻai, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala lāʻau. ʻO nā huaʻai no kēia mau manu kekahi mea ʻaiʻina - he hauʻoli lākou e ʻai i nā hua a me nā pulp. ʻAi mua lākou i ka huaʻala, nā blueberries, nā huaʻōpiopio, a laila lingonberry, currants, ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau - blueberries, cloudberries, a ma nā māla - nā cherries, plums, gooseberries.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa i nā ʻano i hana ʻia e nā holoholona a me nā manu e ʻimi nei i nā hua a me nā moa a nā ʻūlū i keʻokeʻo: nā puʻukū, nā martens, nā lepe, nā ʻuʻuku, nā mea hana manu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a me nā mea e kau nei ka hoʻoweliweli i ka poʻe pākeke me nā ʻano, ʻaʻole naʻe ka ʻūhū ma ka ʻōpala.

Nui! Nui nā hua he nui i make i ka wā hana o ka hoʻokalakupua ʻana, i ka wā e lohi ai ka lau a me ka huli.

I kēlā mau kūlana, ʻaʻole i hūnā ʻia nā ʻuʻuku i ka lau a lawelawe i ka mea maʻalahi no ka mea huluhulu a me ka hulu hulu.. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e nā kahu ʻai e hoʻopiha nei i nā ʻuʻuku a i ʻole nā ​​ʻolua mau ʻīlio paha e hōʻino aku nei i nā manu a me kā lākou poʻe moa.

Pahu a keiki

Hoʻomaka ka pua ʻolipine e pili i loko o ka pūnāwai i loko o ka pūnāwai, en masse: i ka hopena o ʻApelila - mua o Mei. ʻO nā ʻōpū o ka noho i mua e hiki ke lilo i mau hemp, a i nā lāʻau ʻōpio a me nā mea kanu wale nō, a aia nā ʻuʻu i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka puʻu kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka kumulāʻau koina, he mau lālā maloʻo, mau aʻa, mauʻu a me nā lau. Pili ka Clay a me ka honua i kahi mea pili. Mālama nā mākua i ka wā e hūnā i ka nūnū.

He hoihoi! Kahi hale hana, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā hua mua i ka hebedoma a hoʻomaka e hoʻopili iā lākou me ke kāne no 2 mau wiki. I loko o nā koi 2-6 mau hua wīwī-hina ma kahi ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula.

Ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā moa ka mea e loaʻa ai ka manawa like e loaʻa ai ka ikaika a hoʻomaka ka hoʻāʻo kūʻokoʻa e lele a loaʻa kā lākou ʻai. Akā a hiki i kēia manawa, pili nā mākua ʻelua i kā lākou hānai a me ka mālama, e hoʻomau ana a hiki i kēlā manawa a hiki loa ke mākaukau nui nā moa no ke ola kūʻokoʻa. I nā makahiki heʻelua a me ka hapa, hoʻomaka nā nīnani puaʻa e haʻalele i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku i kahi hoʻāʻo e loaʻa ke ola i ke ola a me ka ʻai ma ka ʻāina.

I ka manawa like, neʻe pinepine lākou i nā wahi lōʻihi, akā hoʻoponopono ka ʻelemakule i ko lākou neʻe ʻana me nā leo leo. ^ E Ha yM. Lawe ʻia nā lā 7-10 ʻē aʻe i nā moa e ulu a hiki i kā lākou mau mākua ke hōʻa i ka hāʻawi i kā lākou mālama. Inā ulu nui ka ʻōpala a waiho mau i ka nalo, a laila hiki i nā wahine ke hana i kahi ʻē aʻe.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

I kēia manawa, aia kēia ʻano o blackbirds, e like me nā koho like ʻole, mai 6 a 50 a i ʻole mau miliona miliona a ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka mea pau ʻole.
Eia nō naʻe, i ʻEulopa, nā manu ʻānia ulaula i nā ʻano manu like me ka mālama pono ʻia a mālama ʻia no kona kaila e pale ai a pale aku i ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana o kona hoʻoiho ʻana i loko o kona mau helu.

Loaʻa nā ʻili ʻo Permian tetrapod ma Inner Mongolia

Ma ka'āina Kina o Inner Mongolia, ua loaʻa ka lua o nā lua mai ka lā Permian. Wahi a nā paleontologists kūloko, nui nā tetrapods nā mea kūkulu hale o kēia mau pā hale, heʻuʻuku loa ka nui o ka nui i nā leafosaurs. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka poʻe i noho ma nā lua.

Hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻoli i ka ʻenehana paʻaahi

Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui ʻo Carnegie Mellon i kahi pūnaehana hou holoʻokoʻa ma waena o nā neurons a me nā synapses o ka lolo o ke kanaka. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi hoʻolaha e pili ana i kēia ma ka nūpepa Current Biology. Nā pilina kumumea i ka lolo o ke kanaka Ua hoʻohuli ʻia he pūʻulu hui āpau.

Ua helu ʻia nā Microbiologists i ka mōʻaukala o ka pale ʻana

ʻO kahi haʻawina o ka pilina ma waena o nā huakini a me nā virus bacteriophage ua kōkua i nā poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻomaopopo pehea i hele mai ai ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻalahi. "Ka hana noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana i kahi helu o ka mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka huaʻī o nā mea like ʻole e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ko lākou nāwaliwali, a no laila, hoʻokumu i nā mea hou.

Hōʻailona maʻamau

Lō 22 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha ma mua o 60 g. ʻO ke kala ka brownish-green (olive-brown) ma ke kua a he kukui me nā wahiʻeleʻele (ʻeleʻele-brown) ma lalo. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ka umauma a me nā hulu ʻiliʻili o ka ʻēheu he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi maka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā maka, no laila kahi inoa Lūkini no kēia manu. ʻOi aku ka palaka ʻo ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne.

Kālā

Noho ia ma ʻEulopa ʻĀsia a me ʻAsia, nalo ma ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia a me Himalaya, hele i nā ʻāina hema aʻe i ka hoʻoilo, ma ʻApelika.

I ka makahiki 19, ua loaʻa pinepine ʻo Belobrovik i Lūkia; He hihia kupaianaha ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona nānā koke loa i ka mākeke o ka Institute Institute ma St. Petersburg a ʻo kahi helu nui o kēia mau manu i ka makahiki 1901. Ua kū koke lākou i kēia wahi a ʻaʻole loa i haʻalele i ka paka. Ma hope mai, i ka lilo ʻole ʻana o ka māleka i wahi ʻino ʻole a haʻalele wale ʻia, hoʻomaka ka poʻe kuʻe manu e noho ma ʻaneʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki a lawe i nā moa.

I kēia manawa, hiki ke loaʻa kēia manu ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o Lūkia a me kahi USSR mua.

Mea ʻai

ʻO kaʻai ʻana o nā mea hihi manu i hānai ʻia i nā mea inana, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻano ʻano like me nā hua pōpū. ʻO ka ʻōlohelohe, i ka manawa e hānai ai i nā moa, lawe nā beaver i kā lākou beaks ʻaʻole hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi manawa, akā kahi pūpū āpau, e hāʻule ana i loko o ka pūnana, a laila kahele ʻia i waena o nā moa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai ma kēia mau manu ua like like me ke ʻano o ke mele thrush a me ka mahiʻai.

Haʻalele mai ka ʻōpū

Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā mea ʻai puaʻa, a hana kēia i nā lā 10-12 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, noho pono lākou ma ka ʻāina. ʻO lākou, ʻaʻole loa i ʻike i ka lele ʻana, he mea kelepona loa lākou a neʻe neʻe loa i kahi mamao i ko lākou mau home. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i nalowale kekahi i kekahi, no ka mea ke hoʻolohe mau nei lākou i kekahi leo kekahi, a alakaʻi nā mākua i nā hana a kā lākou keiki, e hōʻike ana i kahi e hele ai. Ke hoʻokuʻo nei ka haku ʻōpio i ka lele, lele hou kona mau ʻano holo aʻe, akā haʻo lākou wale nō inā i pilikia lākou.

Hoʻomaka nā kāne ʻōpio i ke mele i ka makahiki 16-18 o nā lā, hikiʻole ke kapa ʻia iā ia e hīmeni ana, akā ʻo kēia mau mea āpau a me nā squeaks ka hoʻomaka wale nō.

Nā Mokulele a me nā ʻIleʻe

I loko o ke kauwela a pau, lele nā ​​kaʻeahi mai kahi mai i kekahi wahi, e lele i ka manawa o ka pua hatching, a ma ʻAukake - Kepakemaka a hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomohala i kahi lele lele. Ua lele ikaika ʻo Belobroviki i ka pō, ke hoʻomākaukau nei no ka holo. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hōʻailona hōʻohu a lohe ʻia i ka lewa ma nā ululāʻau, nā māka a me ke kaona. Lele nā ​​manu, ma ke ʻano he lula, ma nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole hīmeni paha, mahalo ʻia i nā hōʻailona ʻana o kēlā me kēia, ʻae maoli lākou i nā wahi ʻānai a lele aku ma laila i nā holoholona he nui.

Holo ka lele o ka hopena i ka hopena o Kepakemapa - ʻo ka mua o ʻOkakopa. Hōʻea kekahi poʻe i ka lele a ʻike ʻia i nā ululāʻau a me nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale a hiki i ke kakahiaka o Nowemapa. ʻO kēia mau haʻalele i ka hopena me ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi o ka lehu mauna, inā loaʻa i ka ʻai nui ʻulaʻula. Ua loaʻa mai nā hihia o ka hoʻoilo ma kēia mau manu, ma kēia hihia lākou e hoʻāʻo e noho kokoke i ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka a i kēlā mau wahi kahi he nui o nā huaʻa ma ka lehu mauna.

No ka hoʻoilo, lele nā ​​mea ʻalaʻula i huli ʻia i ke komohana hema o ʻEulopa, a i ke komohana o Farani, i Pokukala a me Italia. Ua ʻike ʻia nā manu ma Lūkia ma Belgium a i loko o ka moku ʻo Corsica.

Inā nā ʻoka a nā manu i kahi ʻāpana, ʻaʻole naʻe kēia manaʻo ke ʻoluʻolu lākou. Ma ke kānāwai, lele lākou ma luna o nā wahi mamao lōʻihi loa, ana ʻia i loko o kekahi mau mile. He nui ka ʻāpana hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i kekahi wahi.

Nā mele

ʻO ke mele a Belobrovik he ʻekolu mau puʻupuʻu hāmama ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā pōpoki "qi-fli-hin, qi-fli-hin, qi-fli-hin", e pau ana me kahi pūhina pōkole. ʻO ka kāhea he subtle squeak o "CCC".

Ma ka hihia a ke kaū ʻana o nā Browbrowers i nā hui paʻa ʻole a hiki ʻole ke hoʻolohe i kēlā me kēia mele e hīmeni ana, kani ke oli i ke mele a hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā kanaka kēia kanaka i kāna mele ponoʻī. Eia nō naʻe, inā he hui like a like paha nā hui manu ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ke hui pū ʻia o nā manu e pili ana i ka pilina. Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā ʻenehana ʻōpiopio ulaula i hoʻi pinepine aku i nā wahi i hānau ai lākou. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā manu e nā makahiki ʻōpio e hiki mai ana mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hāpai koke nā ʻūhā ʻōpio i ke mele ʻana i nā manu kahiko, a laila, e hōʻaila iā ia i kēia hanauna aʻe. No laila, ʻo ka "mele mele kaiaulu" he hōʻa a ʻaʻole i nalowale no nā makahiki.

E hīmeni ana ʻo Belobroviks kokoke i nā nests ma nā wahi hoʻoulu, e hoʻomaka ana ka mele a hiki i ka waenakonu o Iulai, e pili ana i ka wahi o ka pili ʻana. I kekahi manawa hiki ke lohe ʻoe i nā manu e hīmeni nei i ka hāʻule, akā he mea maʻamau loa ia a ʻaʻole ʻano o kēia ʻano manu.