ʻO Busholor Thrush Flycatcher

ʻO ka bicolor pythoha kekahi o nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻona. Ma luna o kona ʻili a me ka hulu, loaʻa iā ia ka batrachotoxin, kahi neurotoxin ikaika me nā hopena neurotoxic a me cardiotoxic. Hiki i Batrachotoxin ke kāohi i ke kahe sodium i loko o nā membranes, e alakaʻi ai i ka emi ʻana o ka hiki o ka uila. ʻO ka hope loa, nalowale ke kelepona i kona hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i nā neʻe o ke aʻalolo, a hele mai ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū hanu. Ua make ʻia nā kānaka a me nā holoholona e ka batrachotoxin ma muli o ka hopu kino ʻana. I ka manawa like, ʻo ke hoʻopā ʻana i kahi flycatcher thrush ʻelua mau waiho ʻole i kahi pōʻino o nā kānaka.

ʻO ke kumu no ka pau ʻole o kahi manu he meaʻai ia. ʻElua mau ʻāpana ʻumi i ka ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka batrachotoxin i kā lākou mau kino. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia manu i ka pale ʻole i kēia mea ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka poʻe kamaʻāina e manaʻo nei he waiwai ʻole ia.

PL ʻOMI 4.

Ua kapa ʻia kēia scorpion, akā naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoniʻoni o kēia arachnid hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka khaki mālamā a ʻulaʻula, a hiki nō hoʻi ke kau mai i ka hina hina i ke uliuli. Hiki i ka nui o kahi pākeke ke hiki i 12 cm. No ka mea ʻoiai he kala nui ka ʻāmaʻomaʻu, ʻike maka loa ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i āohi ʻia ka hemahema iā ia mai ka huni. Ua aʻo ʻo ia e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kāna mea haunaele ma o ka vibration, ka mea i hopu ʻia e ka villi e pili ana ma kona kino. Aia ke kino o ka androctonus ma ke ʻano o ke keʻena poʻo, me nā cheliceurs liʻiliʻi a me nā pelika nui e pili ana ma luna, kahi e hoʻopau nui ai i nā kīpoki nui. Ma hope o ka pauku poʻo o kēia kala kala he metasoma (ʻāpana anteritoneal), i piha ʻia ʻeono ʻāpana. ʻO nā māhele cylindrical elongated kahi hapa o ka pauku o ka huʻu. Loaʻa ka ʻāpana nui loa i kahi kūpaʻa olakino. E wehe ʻia ka wehe me ke kōkua o ke kau i loko o ka pahu kuʻi ma ka hope o ka huelo.

PL ʻ No.lelo 3.

ʻO nā Rattlesnakes kekahi o nā mea nui o ka honua. Ua hōʻino ke ola o ka mea hili i pōkole ʻo Brazil i kahi ola he 75, mai 100 o nā kānaka ʻakeke ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole weliweli a weliweli ka ʻōpala i nā manawa. ʻO nā kiʻi, nā wikiō i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kā mākou ʻatikala e haʻi iā ʻoe no kēia mau mea āpau.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka serum kūikawā i kēlā mau helu o nā mea e hoʻopiʻi nei, akā ke mau nei ka mea no ka pōpilikia a maikaʻi loa ia a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopilikia ʻia.

ʻAʻole paha ia i ka nui o nā ʻano o ka reptile i kahi ʻano haʻahaʻa loa. Hōʻike ka poʻe iā lākou e like me nā mea hana e kali ana i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻopu a hoʻopiʻi i kā lākou ʻona make. ʻO ka ʻīwīwīwī i kū i nā hihia wale nō i ka pale i ka pale, i ka wā, i kona manaʻo, he pilikia ia.

I ka honua, he 32 mau ʻano o nā mauhelehele. ʻO ke daimana kaulana nona ke ʻano nui o kēia ʻano. I ka lōʻihi, ua hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 260 cm. Eia nō kekahi mau pūleo a me nā mea momona - ʻo nā mea dwarf. ʻOiai ka lōʻihi o ko lākou nui (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 60 cm ka lōʻihi) e hana wikiwiki ana kā lākou venom nui a ʻo ia nō ka ikaika o nā mea pisa a pau o nā ʻano honu.

ʻĀʻUA №2

Maliʻa paha ka kaulana ʻo ia ka lele ʻo Tsetse. E kōkua ke kiʻi o kēia haole maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻokoʻa ʻana mai kahi lele maʻamau, a ʻo kā mākou moʻolelo e hōʻoia i kona pōpilikia i nā kānaka.

ʻO ʻAmelika kahi ʻāina i noho ʻia e nā mea maikaʻi loa no nā kānaka. Inā ʻoe e hele ana i nā ʻāina o kēia konenika wela, e ʻōlelo ʻiʻo nō ʻoe e pili ana i ka pono e loaʻa ka nui o nā maʻi i ka maʻi exotic. Noho ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika e nā poʻe ʻekahi hilahila hewa i hiki ke moni i ka nui o ka nui o ka maka. Akā ʻaʻole wale ka liona a me nā crocodile e pilikia ...

"ʻO wai ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?" - nīnau ʻoe? Nā pepeke ʻApika! Lawe ma ka liʻiliʻi he lele tsetse. Hiki i kēia ʻalike liʻiliʻi ke hana i nā hōʻeha nui ʻaʻole i ka holoholona nui wale nō, akā i nā kānaka nō hoʻi. Aia ka lele tsetse e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo o nā pepeke a dipteran a he ʻelele o ka ʻohana Glossinidae, nona nā henus "tsetse" i kāna ʻano.

Hiki i kēia leʻa ke hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona me ka maʻi hiamoe. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia 21 mau ʻano o kēia mau mea hihiu.

LINA №1

Manaʻo nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i noho ka pōleka ma ka manawa Cretaceous, ʻoiai ua lawe ʻia lākou i ka ʻāina a puni ka ʻāina Antarctica.

Aia ma kahi o 3,000 mau ʻano o nā namu, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e 39 genera. I loko o ka ʻohana, nā non-malarial, nā mākia malarial a me nā mea hoʻonā maʻi na loko, nā mea nona nā pepeke a me ka ʻonoʻehā. Hiki i kēia mau pepeke liʻiliʻi ke kūpilikia nui loa, no ka laʻana, he mau malaria mea maʻi maʻi kahi i lawe i ka parasitic unicellular i kapa ʻia he malaria plasmodia.

ʻO ke ʻano ke nānā aku nei kēia mau inikua hānai koko, akā aia kekahi mau hōʻailona e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka namu maʻi maʻi mai nā pōpoki maʻamau.

• Aia nā pōʻeleʻele ma ka ʻēheu o nā namu malaria, akā ʻo nā hapanui o nā ʻano ʻuʻuku ʻē aʻe ʻole he mau wahi like ʻole.
• Ma nā makika malaria, ua lōʻihi nā wāwae, ʻoi aku hoʻi ke kua,
• I ka noho ʻana o kahi kao maʻi ma ke ʻano, ua hāpai nui ʻo ia i ke kua o kona kino, ʻoiai ma ka namu maʻamau, ua like ke kino i ka ʻaoʻao e noho ai.
• Ma nā kinikia malaria, he mau ʻāpana like me nā proboscis, nā ʻōpū kuʻi i ke poʻo, a i nā nīnika maʻamau ʻaʻole lākou iʻoi aku ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka proboscis.
• Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano o nā namu malaria o kā lākou "kanikani" - ma mua o ko lākou noho ʻana ma ka ʻili o ka mea hoʻopihapiha, ke nānā aku nei lākou i ka lewa.

ʻOihana koko weliweli

Hoʻopau i kēlā nā vector o nā pathogens i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi loa, ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo TRIPANOSOMES. He mau microorganisms kēia, ke kaʻi ʻia, ke komo i ke koko o ke kanaka a hoʻopilikia i kāna mau kino āpau.

ʻO ka maʻi e hoʻoiho ai i ka trypanosomes ka mea i kapa ʻia ka trypanosomiasis, a i ʻole maʻi hiamoe, aneane hiki ʻole ia e mālama ʻia, no ka mea, ua loli wikiwiki ka microorganism, ʻo ia hoʻi, e loli. Hoʻokahi wale nō lāʻau e hana a pepehi i ka hapa o ka trypanosome, no ka mea e hoʻololi ka koena a lilo ka lāʻau lapaʻau e lilo i mea pono ʻole.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kōkua nā poʻe ʻepekema a puni ka honua i ka poʻe o ʻApelika, ʻo lākou ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka mai hiamoe. Akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole mau nā lāʻau maikaʻi.

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma mua i hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e maʻi ai ke kanaka. ʻAe wale kona manaʻo. A laila ke hele mai kahi ulia ma ke kahua o ka ʻuā, hele mai nā puka ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, lilo ka mea maʻi palupalu a hāʻule i ka hiamoe pololei ma ka hele. No laila, kapa ʻia ka maʻi carotid. Ke kū nei kēia ʻano i kekahi manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi, akā pinepine ka alakaʻi i ka make.

Ma kahi e lele ai ka tsetse a ma luna o ia konana, he aha nā maʻi e hoʻoneʻe ai a laha aku, nui i ka ʻike

He lele ʻo Tsetse kahi noho kūloko o nā ʻāpana a me nā subtropical o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. He mea lawe mai ʻo Tsetse i ka trypanosomiasis (maʻi hiamoe), hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻōpū o nā lymph nodes i loko o ka ʻā o ke kanaka, ka huamo ʻana i ka hopena, maʻi a me ka hiamoe.

Akā, he mea kupaianaha nō naʻe, ka hōʻoia ʻana ka hiki ʻana i kēia inikua liʻiliʻi i ka hopena o ke ʻano a me ka hoʻokele o kona nohona. ʻO ka 32 o nā ʻāina kahi e noho ai nā lele tsetse i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea ʻilihune ma ka honua, no ka makaʻu i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā trypanosomiasis, ʻaʻole i ulu ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina a lākou e hoʻoneʻe aku ai iā lākou i ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka mahiʻai.

A he mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi kou manaʻo ʻana i kekahi mau mea lawaiʻa e manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou e hele ka tsetse i ka helehelena o kahi holoholona like me ka zebra. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā kūleʻe ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo i kū mai i kēia ʻano lio o ka hoʻoholo ʻana ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻonele e like me ka mask mai ka lele tsetse. He paʻakikī pahaʻoi aku ka ʻōlelo, akā, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ʻole ka lele i nā zebras e hōʻole ʻia.

Kāleka

ʻOkoʻa nā lele ʻo Tsetse ma kahi o nā proboscis maʻamau e hāhai ai i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona e hānai i ko lākou koko. Ua akaka loa ia, ua waiho ka proboscis i ka chitin, he paʻa a ua pālahalaha hoʻi.

O kēia mau mea mau ʻēheu ʻē aʻe: ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopili iki i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kua, akā e like me kā mākou, akā, e kau ana i kekahi ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao, e kau ma luna o kahi ʻē.

Lele mai ʻo Tsetse ma loko o ʻApelika a me Rūsia a me kāna pilikia i nā kānaka, ka mea e ʻai ai a ma kahi e noho ai

ʻIke ʻia ka mokulele tsetse kahi mamao loa mai Lūkia - i loko o ʻAmelika a me ʻAulalia. ʻO kona hale nui kai momona nā ka nahele, ʻāina momona ma nā kahawai a me nā wahi ʻona.

ʻO ke kumu o nā meaʻai no ka tsetse he koko mammalian. E komo ka Trypanosome i ke kino o ka lele ma loko o ia mea, me ka mea i kau ai ka pepeke i kekahi mea make ma o kāna mau kelepona kūwaho.

No laila, lilo ka lele tsetse i mea lawe i ka maʻi ʻeha, pinepine i ka nui - trypanosomiasis a i ʻole nā ​​mea hiamoe. ʻO ka makaʻu i nā pōpoki tsetse a me nā maʻi trypanosome e pale ai i ka poʻe kama'āina mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiai ma ko lākou huki ʻana a hoʻowahāwahā i nā ʻoihana kālā o ka hapanui o ʻAmelika.

ʻO Tsetse lele kahe a me nā hana lapaʻau

ʻO ka lele kai tsetse e hakakā nei no ka makahiki he 150 i hala. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻino i kēia mea ʻino e nā ʻanā, he hana, me ka luku ʻana i nā puaʻa hihiu ʻē aʻe, nona ka koko ke ʻano nui o ka lele, a e ʻokiʻoki i nā kumulāʻau i nā nohona tsetse. Akā ʻo ka mea nui e ʻoi aku ai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e nā ʻepekema hou. Ua manaʻo lākou e hakakā ka lele tsetse me ke kōkua o ka lele iā ia iho, a i ʻole kāna mau kāne, e hoʻohana ana i nā hiʻohiʻona ola o nā ʻano.

No laila, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka lele tsetse he viviparous a ʻo ka hōʻuehu ʻana o ka wahine i hoʻokahi wale nō i loko o kona ola holoʻokoʻa. Ua lanakila nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hānai ʻana i mau miliona o nā kāne o kēia pepeke, akā ma mua o ko lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana i loko o ka hihiu, pau lākou a piliona. Ma muli o kēia, ke kamaʻilio me ke kāne like, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ka wahine i kekahi keiki, a, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ka tsetse e hoʻāʻo hou e male hou, ua hōʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano.

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka lele ʻana o ka tsetse:
- ka ikaika o ka lele ʻo tsetse ikaika e hiki iā ia ke pana i ka ʻā o ke anelope, ke kīʻawe a me nā elephant,
- ke kamaʻilio wahine wale nō nā manawa tsetse wahine hou i kona ola,
- ke koho moletse koho i ke neʻe i kahi e neʻe ai a mahana, inā paha he kaʻa,
- ʻo nā holoholona wale nō i ole e hoʻopā ai ka tsetse ma kahi zebra. ʻ claimlelo poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ke kumu ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana o ka artiodactyl,
- tsetse wale nō ka lele hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka viviparous, no ka mea ʻoi koke ʻia kāna mau larapo no ka pupule,
- ka mea ʻai nui o ka lele i ka tsetse i ke koko o nā momi, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ai i tsetse i mea lawe trypanosomiasis.

Uʻi ka ʻatikala i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka nānā encephalitis a kōkua iā e huli koke i nā pane i nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana iā ia a me ka hakakā ʻana. . ^ E Ha yM.

ʻO ka lele o ka tsetse ka hanohano o kahi pōʻino pōʻino loa. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i kahi maʻi i ka poʻe a me nā holoholona i kapa ʻia ka trypanosomiasis. Aia kahi ʻano hewa o kēia maʻi: Rhodesian trypanosomiasis, i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo East Africa, a me Gambian, a i ole West Africa. Hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Rhodesian mai ka holoholona i ka holoholona a pili i ka pipi, lio, mau holoholona .. Ma ka ʻano ʻo Gambian ma waena o nā kānaka, kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Tsetse lele e noho wale ma ʻApelika. He 22 mau ʻano lāʻau o kēia iniseti. Loaʻa ia i ke ao a pau i ka hānai koko i ke koko.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā pepeke ka maʻamau. Mālama ka wahine i nā hua a lele a haʻalele, e haʻalele ana i ka ʻōpio ke ola i kā lākou. ʻOkoʻa ka lele tsetse mai nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko no laila e makaʻala loa ia i kāna hua. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua, akā mālama ʻo ia ia i kahi palekana loa - i loko o kona ʻōpū. Huli ka hua i loko o kahi larva, e ulu ana, e ʻai ana i kahi waiʻai momona ma nā momona, i kapa ʻia e nā ʻepekema "intrauterine milk." Ke hoʻopiha piha nei ka larva i ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, e hoʻokuʻu iā ia i ka lepo lepo. Kuʻi ʻo ia ka larva a me nā haumana.

Morondologally, aia i ka pepeke i loko o ʻelua ʻano: ka larva o ke kolu o ka wā o ke kolu o ka makahiki (i ka manawa i kaawale ai ka makuahine) a me ka pākeke.

O ka lele tsetse makua he pepeke nunui ākea, he 0.5 a 1.5 paha kenimika lōʻihi, me nā hiʻohiʻona wehewehe. Loaʻa iā ia nā proboscis ʻano, nā maka nui a me nā ʻeneke maʻamau a me nā mau ʻoliʻoli me nā lauoho i uluhua ʻia ma nā kihi. Nui nui ka pahu, pālahalaha ka ʻōpū, akā ʻaʻole ia i māhuahua, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā ʻēheu, aia kahi hōʻailona kikoʻī e ʻike ma mua.

I ka 1894, ua loaʻa i ke kauka Australia a me ka microbiologist David Bruce nā trypanasomas, nā pathogens o ka hiamoe hiamoe. Noho ʻo Trypanasomes i loko o ke koko o nā ungulates mohal, pinepine loa i ke koko o nā antelopes, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana iā lākou. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ke koko mai kahi mamalia i loaʻa aku, ua hoʻopili ka tsetse i ka poʻe a me nā holoholona paha, e ala ana iā lākou e hiamoe ana.

Ma hope o kēia, hoʻomaka ke ʻano maʻi, me ka ʻeha o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka maʻi hōʻeha, nā ʻehaʻeha a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā nū lymph. A laila aia he pilikia i ka hana o nā ʻāpana kūloko me nā maʻi neurological e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā haki a me ka ala ala ke hoʻopilikia ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia ke hiamoe, anemia a me nā ʻaleme. Ma waho o ka mālama kula olakino kūpono ʻole, hāʻule kahi kanaka no 5 mau makahiki i loko o kahi coma me kahi hopena momona. ʻOi aku ma mua o 30,000 poʻe e maʻi me ka maʻi hiamoe i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO wai ka mea kaua ʻo Tsetse?

Hoʻokomo kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi i ka poʻe wale nō, akā ʻo nā holoholona ʻē aʻe: ʻo nā mea a pau e kaʻoluʻolu a neʻe aku. I kekahi manawa makemakeʻo Tsetse e huki i kahi kaʻa. ʻAʻole lākou e kū wale aku wale. Manaʻo nā kānakaʻepekema e hoʻohālikelike nā pepeke me ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i nā kaila keʻokeʻo a ʻele.

Mai tsetse i kekahi mau makahiki pili i ka hapalua o nā kānaka a pau ma Africa. Pono lākou e hoʻolei i ka ʻāina maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā muliwai, no ka mea, ʻo nā mea ʻino e like me kēia mau wahi.

Kālā

Kahi ʻia nā lele ʻo Tsetse ma waena o ʻAmelika, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā wao he nui - ʻo Sahara, Kalahari a me Namib. No ke ola o kēia pepeke kūloko, ua hele mai ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea kanu liʻiliʻi, kahi āu e hūnā ai mai ka wela kauwela, ua lawa. ʻO kā lākou punahele punahele he kūlohelohe, nā māka wai kai nui e loaʻa nei, nā ʻōpala lau a me nā ulu lāʻau pawa, nā kākahu hoʻi ma nā pali o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai.

Hakakā ʻo ka pilikia

E luku i kahi bloodsucker weliweli, e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ala ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻūhā a me nā nahele, a luku ʻia nā holoholona. Akā i kēia manawa hoʻokahi wale nō mea kōkua i kōkua.

ʻ hatlelo nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ke kikowaena mau tausani mau lele hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāne a hoʻāliʻi iā lākou me ka lewa, a hookuu wale ia. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau kāne ke hānau keiki, a lilo ka hua liʻiliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi. No laila ua hoʻokō lākou i kahi kokoke e haʻalele i ka mea pepehi make i Zanzibar.

Inā hele hewa kēia leka, ʻoliʻoli wau i ka ʻike ʻana iā ʻoe

Ma nā ʻāpana a me nā subtropical o ʻApelika. He ʻano ʻōpiopio holoʻokoʻa ʻo Tsetse me ka nui o nā ʻōiwi. Aia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau e loaʻa ana ma nā ululāʻau, nā ʻanuʻu a me ke kumu kahakai. No laila, ʻike ʻia kēia mau inikua ma kahi o kēlā me kēia wahi. Ua like ʻo Tsetse me nā lele like ʻole, pālahalaha i ka waena waena. Loaʻa lākou i nā pā like like - 1-1,5 cm, kahi ʻano kala hina a me ka mesh nui. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia lākou e nā proboscis i kuhikuhi ʻia a me nā ʻēheu, aia ka lele ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao. Inā he ʻai ka meaʻai o kahi home pālola maʻamau mai ka papa ʻaina a ka pōkē, a laila ʻai ka tsetse i ka mammals.

ʻAʻole i lele kahi lele tsetse e kū i kahi zebra. Ma muli o kona ʻano hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole ʻike ka tsetse ia me kahi mea ola.

ʻO ka hōʻeha o ka hiamoe hiamoe he mea paʻakikī loa ka maʻi ʻeha.Loaʻa nā kānaka mai nā wahi mai ʻole e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka nāwaliwali koke ʻole a me ke poʻo hōʻeha. ʻImi pinepine lākou i ke kōkua olakino i ka hopena hope, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka mea maʻi i nā pilikia noʻonoʻo. He maʻi nō hoʻi ka maʻi no ka mea ua lawe ʻia ia i ke keiki mai kahi makuahine maʻi. Maʻa ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi, he paʻakikī ka hana - e komo pū i ke koko a me nā hōʻike hoʻokūkū cerebrospinal. Ua loaʻa i nā poʻe limahana kahi hana e hoʻokō ai i kēia mau hoʻokolohua. Ua kōkua nā ʻāina hoʻomohala iā ʻAmelika e hakakā i ka maʻi hiamoe - e nānā mau ana lākou i nā wahi kaiāulu ʻole a hāʻawi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau manuahi.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake maikaʻi i nā lele, a laila e ʻoliʻoli ʻoe ʻaʻole ʻoe e noho ana ma ʻApelika. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻo ia ka mea e ola ai ka lele weliweli maikaʻi loa o ka honua - tsetse, ʻo ia kahi mea lawe i nā maʻi make e like me ka maʻi hiamoe (i loko o nā kānaka) a me Nagans (i nā holoholona).

Lele ʻo Tsetse (lat.Glossina) (English Pelekane Tsetse)

Noho ʻo Tsetse ma nā wahi ʻaliwa a me nā subtropical o ʻApelika. Ua koho lākou i nā ʻāina maikaʻi loa - nā ʻenekele ulu a me ka ʻāina māla ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kahawai, kahi e hiki ai i nā poʻe kamaʻāina ke mahiʻai. Akā no ka poʻe, hiki i kēlā kaiāulu ke alakaʻi i nā hopena kaumaha.

Hāʻawi i nā ʻano 21 o kēia lele, akā he hapa wale nō o lākou e halihali ana i ka mai hiamoe. ʻO kēia ʻo G. palpalis, G. morsitans, a me G. Brevipalpis. ʻO ke koena wale nō ka pōʻino no nā holoholona hihiu a me ka home.

I ka manawa mua, he lele maʻamau kēia, kahiʻokoʻa e ʻokoʻa iki ana mai kona hoahānau ʻEulopa. Akā naʻe, aia kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa e kū nei - ʻo ka hoʻopau o ko lākou mau ʻēheu i kahi kūlana mālie e pili pono ana i kekahi i kekahi. ʻO kā lākou ʻōpō a me nā mea ʻalopona ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nō ka lāʻau a ke kino manawaleʻa ʻole o ka loea o Kaffir, nā antelope a me nā elepani. ʻO ka pā waiho he hina hina ka tsetse. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻōpū o 4 mau mau pona heʻeleʻele lōʻihi.

ʻAʻole e like me nā kao meu, aia ka wahine wale nō e inu i ke koko, ʻo nā wahine a me nā kāne ka mea i pili i ka lele a tsetse i ka meaʻai he "koko". I mea e hiki ai i nā moku koʻikoʻi, he mau niho ʻili liʻiliʻi ko lākou ma ka hope o ka proboscis, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka ʻili a me ka paia o ke kīʻaha koko. A laila kīkaha lākou i kā lākou lawena, loaʻa nā mea e pale ai i ke kōkōkō, a hoʻomaka e hū i ke koko. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka ʻili o ka lele ke piʻi koke aʻe i ka nui.

ʻO ka hopu a me ka pepehi ʻana i kēia lele ʻaʻole i maʻalahi maʻalahi. Holo koke ʻo ia, noʻonoʻo me ke akēmi. Inā ʻū a paū paha a lele paha, kahi lele, ʻoi loa me nā ʻēheʻe i haehae, e hele mau ia i ka mea i makemake ʻia a makemake ʻia e kaʻi hou. No laila, hopu kekahi mau ʻAmelika iā lākou me ko lākou mau lima a uʻaki iā lākou ma waena o ko lākou mau manamana lima, no laila e maopopo

He mea paʻakikī loa ke ola iā ia mai kāu wahi i punahele ai. No 150 makahiki, ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻopau i kēia ʻenemi lele. ʻO kekahi o lākou he manuahi wale wale nō, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka pau loa ʻana o nā holoholona i ke ʻano o ka lele tsetse a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o nā lāʻau. Akā ua hana ʻia kekahi o kēia mau hana. Ua manaʻo ia inā pau nā holoholona hihiu a pau loa, a laila, ʻaʻohe ka ʻai a ka tsetse e ʻai a make nō ia

I nā makahiki mua o nā makahiki 1930, hoʻomaka ka pā kaua nui o nā holoholona hihiu ma ka ʻāina o Rhodesia Hema. I ka makahiki 1932, ma kahi o 36.5 tausani o lākou ua luku ʻia, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea heʻehā. Pehu nā poʻe noho o ka ʻāina. Aia no e pili ana. ʻO Principe, mai nā kahakai komohana o ʻApelika, i luku i ka puaʻa hihiu i ka makahiki 1930. ʻO nā hana weliweli wale nō i kōkua i kekahi manawa.

Hoʻohana ʻia mākou i nā mea āpau e waiho hua ana. Akā hana hou ka tsetse ma kahi ʻano ʻē loa. He viviparous lākou. Ua hānau mākaukau ʻia kā lākou keiki.

Nā pae holomua ʻo Tsetse

ʻO ka wahine mau tsetse lele wahine ka manawa hoʻokahi i loko o ke ola hoʻokahi, a laila hana hou ʻia nā hua pālua 2-3 i kēlā me kēia mahina. ʻO ka "hānau" hānau ma ka lepo lepo. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka koke nā ʻōpala i ka eli i ka lepo a hoʻopaʻa i ka pupae brown, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā mākeke makua i ka mahina. Ma kona ola pōkole, kūkulu ka lele mai 8 a 12 i nā ʻōpio

Ke lawe pono nei i ka mea ʻoiai nā kāne wahine i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō, ua hoʻomohala ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema kahi ala maikaʻi loa e hakakā ai i ka laha ʻana o kēia pepeke, i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa Ua hānai lākou i mau miliona o nā lele a me nā kāne i wae ʻia. A laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka radiation gamma a hoʻokuʻu i ka hihiu. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ke kāne kāne, manaʻo ka wahine e hoʻoponopono nā mea āpau a ʻaʻole e ʻae aku i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e hele aku i ona lā

Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻike ʻoi e pili ana i ka lele tsetse. ʻO ka mea mua, ke lele aku nei ʻo ia i kekahi mea wela i ka lewa, ʻo ia hoʻi o kahi kaʻa. Inā puka ʻoe mai ka kaʻa, a laila e lele mua ka lele ma luna o ke kaʻa wale nō, ʻaʻole ia he kanaka. A ʻo ka lua - kahi zebra - ʻo ia wale nō ka holoholona e lele ʻole ai ka tsetse, no ka mea, ʻike wale ia wale nō ke ʻano he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me nā keʻokeʻo.

He mea pepehi kanaka Aferika kēia mea ʻepekema, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema e hoʻolana i kēia mau makahiki i hoʻokahi mau haneli, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i loaʻa ka luku piha ʻana. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka lele ʻana o ka tsetse - ʻo ka mākaʻi weliweli loa o ka lele ʻana, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka make o kahi 60 miliona mau kānaka.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka lele tsetse he lawena me kahi enzyme e pale ai i ke kaʻe ʻana i ke koko o ka mea ʻiʻī.

Kuhi ʻia nā pepeke e ka holo holo kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻopakele ʻana, a me nā mea e kū ana i ka wela, ʻoiai inā he inanimate, e like me ke kaʻa.

No ka ʻohana ʻo Glossinidae ka maʻi pepeke.

ʻAno lawehala

I ka pau ʻana o kahi lā wela, lele ka lele tsetse. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka koko o kona mau poʻe pōʻai i ke ahiahi ʻo ia i ka pō, i ka pō a i ka manawa mua. ʻO nā kānaka nui nā kānaka a me nā mammals ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā ʻano manu a me nā reptile.

Noho ka pepeke ma luna o ka ʻili a ka mea pōpilikia a pili pū me ia me ka liʻiliʻi, akā mau niho koʻikoʻi kahi e noho ana ma ka hopena o kahi proboscis lōʻihi a lahilahi. ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne hānai i ke koko, inu ʻane i hoʻokahi manawa ʻelua ma mua o kona kaupaona ʻana. Hōʻemi ke kaʻina hana a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka mea i make.

ʻĀlelo Hoʻohui & Hoʻohui hou

Noho ʻo Tsetse ma kahi o ʻeono mahina. No ke ola holoʻokoʻa, hoʻopau ka wahine wahine i hoʻokahi manawa, a laila ma kēlā me kēia mahina e hoʻokūkū i hoʻokahi (nā keikiʻi 8-12 wale nō). He viviparous kēia mau manu, lawe ka wahine i ka larva ma ka ʻōpū, kahi e ʻai ai ʻo ia i ka "waiʻu intrauterine".

Hoʻokumu nā lolo i nā lepo lepo (kahi lākou i ʻeli iā lākou iho), e hoʻololi ai i ka pupae brown. Ma kahi mahina ma hope aʻe, e puka hou ana nā kānaka kūlike mai ka pupae.

ʻAno hānau

ʻO ka lele nā ​​tsetse no nā pepeke viviparous. Fertilization o nā wahine i hele i nā lā mua ma hope o ko lākou hoʻokuʻu i ka pupae. Hoʻokumu hoʻokahi kōmato hoʻokahi wahine no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua i kona wā a pau. Hoʻokahi wale nō kupa ma loko o kona kino i ka manawa, a ma ka wahi like ua kū mai kahi larva mai laila.

Hoʻokele ʻo ia i nā gona kūikawā i loko o ke kino o kona makuahine. E hānai iā ia iho a me ka larva mau loa ʻole, pono ka wahine e inu i ke koko o kekahi ʻē aʻe. E hue maoli ka lula makehewa i ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, a ma hope o ka puka ʻana i waho a ʻeli ka lepo i ka lepo.

Ma ka ʻāina, ua aniani ka larva i ka māka a me nā haumana. Ma hope o nā hebedoma he 4-6 mau lā, ʻike ʻia kahi lele tsetse piha holookoa mai ka pupa. Hānau ka wahine i nā keiki ma kēlā me kēia 9-10 lā. I ka wā e ola ai ke ola, hānau pinepine nā 10-12 larvae.

Mea ʻai maikaʻi

ʻO ka papa nui o nā lele lele he koko kanaka, ʻiʻo manu a manu ʻole. Poka kekahi i ke koko o kekahi holoholona.

ʻO ke koko ka meaʻai o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ke hoʻohālikelike i nā namu, kahi e hānai ai nā wahine i ke koko wale nō.

E lilo nā Flies i ka uluʻana ke manaʻo nei kahi kumu meaʻai. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻeke i ia manawa, e hoʻāʻo nō iā ia e ʻa.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ke kino ka lōʻihi o nā pākeke he 12 mm. He lahilahi a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu. Ke wā piʻi ʻia, ʻike lākou lōʻihi loa aku ma mua o ka ʻōpū. ʻEkolu mau wāwae ikaika e hoʻolako iā ʻoe e holo wikiwiki a holo.

ʻO ka ʻōpū a mālamalama kaʻawale mai ka umauma. He poʻo hina ke poʻo, ke kua o ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma. ʻĀhinahina nā mua o ka ʻōpū o nā ʻāpana-brown. ʻO nā mea antennas he pōkole a branced. Aia nā maka he nui i koho ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo.

Loaʻa ka manawa ola no tsetse lele ʻo nā pākeke e pili ana i 3 mau mahina.

ʻO kēia lele pōpilikia e noho ana i loko o Central Africa, West Africa a me Australia. Makemake lākou i nā wahi māla melemele: nā māla, nā muliwai wai a me nā pā kokoke. Nui ka poʻe o lākou.

He aha ka mea hopohopo no nā kānaka

Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻinisio maikaʻi loa i loko o ke aupuni "mushinom", ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mau loko oona. Hiki i kahi huehue lele tsetse ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi. ʻO nā mea kumu kumu o nā maʻi he trypanosome, noho mau lākou i nā meaola o nā buffalos a me nā antelope, ʻaʻole e hoʻopili i ka mea hope. ʻO ka lele ʻo Tsetse he mea lawe laka wale no kahi maʻi make.

Hoʻopilikia ka Trypanosome i ka ʻōnaehana pale, a laila i ka ʻōnaehana o ka nūnū. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Tumors i nā kino o nā mea maʻi, nā poʻe he maʻi i lohi a hiamoe hoʻi, nāwaliwali i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, hāʻule kahi kanaka i kahi coma a make, paʻakikī loa ke hoʻōla iā ia: trypanosome mau i ka mutate a hoʻohālikelike i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Aia nā māla no ka maʻi, akā ʻaʻole lawa i nā maʻi āpau. ʻO ka hopena pālua (ka paila a me ka luaʻi, ke koko kiʻekiʻe ke koko) ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hiamoe ʻana.

ʻO ka mea kaulana loa no ka mālama ʻana i nā pua lele lele he elofritin.

Hōʻike ka hōʻike hōʻike ma kahi o 60 miliona mau kānaka e pilikia mau ana e keʻa ʻia mai e kahi lele tsetse. ʻO ka pilikia ka mea ʻaʻole e noho wale nō nā kānaka o nā wahi i loaʻa i nā iniseti make, akā he poʻe malihini hoʻi.

ʻO ka poʻe lawehala ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o nā poʻe kamaʻilio e kū pōpoki aku i nā pōpoki lele tsetse

Lele kahiʻau

Ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i kahi lele. Akā ʻaʻole tsetse ʻo ia iho he weliweli, akā ʻo ka trypanosome nā mea liʻiliʻi maʻalahi o nā flagellates. Ke kulu nei i ke koko o ka holoholona, ​​komo nā trypanosome i nā iwi o ka lele, e hoʻonui wikiwiki ana. Ma hope oʻelua pule, ua neʻe lākou i ka waha o ka lele a komo i nā kelima ulu kō. A inā hoʻokau ke kanaka, komo nā trypanosome i ke kino kanaka me ka lawaiʻa. Aia ka hiamoe ʻana he 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka pōmole. ʻO ka mea mua, hele mai kahi pōpoki ma ke kahua o ka ʻu a a me ka nape o ke poʻo e hoʻomaka i ka hōʻeha. A laila waku ka lymph nodes, huehue ka ʻāʻī. Hiki ke kino ke kino o nā kino i ka 41 kiʻekiʻe a puka mai kahi ʻūlū. Inā ʻaʻole hana e hana, e make ana ke kanaka. Mai kēia mau noiʻi, hiki ke hopena i ka lele ʻo tsetse he mea lawe i ka maʻi. E hoʻomaopopo pū i kahi hālio lele e pōʻino i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Kūlohelohe nā holoholona hihiu i ka trypanosomes.

I ka hihiu, ola ka tsetse i 200 mau lā.

ʻO ka lele he tsetse kahi lele lele nui e noho ana ma ʻApelika. Mālama ʻo ia i ke koko o nā vertebrates. A e loaʻa ai kahi maʻi make. ʻOiai ke nānā aku e like me ka mea maʻamau ko mākou home.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi lele tsetse e nā hōʻailona he nui, akā maʻalahi ʻia e nā ʻēheu. Hoʻopiha piha ke tsetse i kona mau eheu i ka hoʻomaha, e lele kahi ʻēheu ma luna o kekahi. Holo ka lele i nā mea a pau e neʻe ana, koe wale nō paha, nā zebras.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kēia pōʻino pōʻino ma nā wahi āpau ma ʻApika-Africa ʻApika e noho ana i loko o nā savannas a kokoke i nā kahawai. Akā i nā maʻamau maʻamau i loko o nā kumu kahawai, i nā ʻāina i waiwai i ka nahele, e like me Kongo-Kinshasa.

No laila, he mea maʻamau nā hihia o ka hiamoe hiamoe i Kina Basin. Ua hoʻomau ʻia kahi maʻi hiamoe. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaka kahi mea e loaʻa ana i ka huehue ka hopena, hoʻomaka ke poʻo a me nā ʻili e hōʻeha, huehue nā lymph nodes. A laila, ulu ka maʻi, hana ʻia ka hana o ka naʻau a me nā puʻuwai. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule a hala paha mau makahiki paha, hoʻomaka ka lua, ka neurological phase o ka maʻi. E hilahila kekahi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā neʻe. Hoʻopiliʻia nā hoʻouka o ka momona i nā manawa o ka hana manic hyperactivity. Hoʻopau ka pōkā hiamoe. ʻO ka hopena o ka maʻi hiamoe.

Ua lele ikaika loa ka lele tsetse ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka poʻe keʻokeʻo e ʻōiwi i ʻAmelika. No ka mea ua hoʻohili ʻē ʻia ka lāhui i nā poʻe kūwaho me ke ʻano hoʻowalewale like ʻole a aʻo ʻia e pale aku me ia. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe Europa e komo i ke kaua me ka lele, e makemake ana e lanakila ma ka ʻāina o ka inika. Ua manaʻo kekahi e luku aku i ka lele ʻana o ka tsetse holoʻokoʻa ma ʻAmelika.

Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Principe, ma kahakai komohana o ʻApelika, i ka makahiki 1930, ua pau nā puaʻa āpau i make ʻole kekahi e ʻai i ka lele a tsetse e pōloli a make ia. Ua lawe ia mai kahi hopena pōkole, akā ma ka 50 mau i kahi lele i hoʻi hou. I kekahi mau wahi, ua manaʻo nui ʻia e hōʻoki i nā kumu āpau a no ka lele ʻole ka tsetse i noho ʻole ai e noho. Akā ua manaʻo lākou ʻo ka hoʻokau ʻana o kēia hoʻolālā e lawe i nā pilikia ma mua o nā pono pōmaikaʻi.

Kūkulu ʻia kahi ʻano hoʻonaninani lele momona kiʻekiʻe. Ua hāpai ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema a miliona mau lele, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne mai nā wahine, kāpili ʻia e ka māmā gamma a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻopunipuni kekahi o nā wahine wahine liʻiliʻi wale nō i loko o ko lākou ola a no ka kumu wale nō e hānau keiki ai. No laila, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka moekolohe me kahi kāne a hoʻolele ʻia, manaʻo ka wahine ua hana mua ʻia ka hana a ʻaʻole e ʻae ʻia kekahi kāne e hele iā ia.

ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka lele tsetse

Inā ʻoe e nānā i kēia iniseti no ka manawa mua, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi ʻokoʻa kūikawā mai ka lele maʻamau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino tsetse mai 9 a 14 14 kekona. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻēheu a me kahi proboscis. ʻO nā proboscis wale nō o kēia ʻano manu he ʻokoʻa, ua lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi, no ka mea me ke kōkua o nā mea lele e ʻoki i ka ʻili.

ʻAi ʻo Tsetse i ke koko wale nō e like me nā ʻūlī

Ke poʻo hina ke kino o ke ʻano o ka lele kai. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka ʻōpū o ʻelua mau pihi ʻehā o nā kaula kuhi ʻo ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana waha o nā pepeke me nā niho koʻikoʻi o kahi nui mikroskopiko, piʻi lākou i ka paia o nā paia o ke kīʻaha koko a pēlā e hoʻihoʻi ai i ke koko. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka wai ʻai manu i loko o kāna mea i hana ʻia ai ka mea e pale ai i ke koko o ka mea ʻai mai ka ʻaʻa. Ke hoʻomaka ka lele i ka waiū i ka koko, hoʻomaka kona ʻōpū e hoʻonui nui ai i ka nui. ʻOiai he mea nui ia no ka mea i waena o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano, ʻo ke kāne a me nā kāne kāne i inu i ke koko, ʻo kēia ʻano ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou mai nā "kaikuaʻana o ke koko."

ʻO ke ola a me nā ʻano ma ke ʻano

Mai nā wahi kūlohelohe o ke tsetse, koho ʻia nā wao ulu nui i piha i ka wai. Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine lākou ma nā kahawai o nā kahawai, kahi e ulu ai nā mea mahiʻai e ke kanaka e ulu ana. ʻO nā lele o nā lele e noho ana i kahi pili kokoke i nā kānaka e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hua a me ka poʻe ponoʻī iā lākou iho, ʻoiai he mea lawe lākou i kahi maʻi pōʻino.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka lele tsetse

https://animalreader.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/zhuzhanie_mukhi-slepnja.mp3
Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka lele lele o kēia mau mea hihiu. Ua ʻike ka ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻo tsetse kahi mea nui kupaianaha: ʻoiai inā ʻoe e palaho i ka lele me kekahi mea, lele hou a lele hoʻi e hoʻāhu i ka mea nāna. No ka manawa lōʻihi, hoʻāʻo ka poʻe e hoʻopau i kēia ʻano lele, nā ʻano hana a lākou e hana ai: luku lākou i ka holoholona a ʻokiʻoki i nā kumu - ʻaʻole wale nā ​​mea a pau. Aia a hiki i kēia wā, hoʻomau kēia mau lele a nā holoholona a me nā kānaka e noho ana ma ʻApelika.

Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ma ke ʻano o ka tsetse, no ka laʻana, he hoʻouka ʻana ma luna o kekahi mea e kū ana e hoʻomoʻi ana i ka wela, inā he holoholona a he kaʻa paha. ʻO ke ʻano ʻelua o kēia mau lele nei ʻaʻole lākou e koho i kahi zebra e like me kā lākou i hōʻino ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo o ʻulaʻula i ko lākou lele e ʻike ʻia he holoholona.

No ke aha ka pilikia o tsetse?

ʻO nā mākaʻi o kēia mau inikua kekahi mea lawe i ka maʻi hiamoe. I loko o nā kānaka, hōʻike ia iā ia iho he kūlana febrile, e hahai ʻia e ke koma a me ka make. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻomaka i kahi kūlana hōʻeha, a laila hiki ke hōʻalo ʻia nā hopena weliweli. ʻO nā maʻi hiamoe e hōʻea mai nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - trypanosomes. ʻO kā lākou lawe kālai, he mau aniani, hyenas, buffalos. Pono nā Trypanosome no ka holoholona, ​​akā nui nā holoholona hihiu i hoʻomakeʻe i kahi pale i kēia pathogens.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi trypanosomiasis

Hoʻokumu ka hōʻailona i ka maʻa o ka maʻi a me ka laina o ka noho ʻana o ka pathogen i ke kino.

Pono nā ʻōuli o ka hōʻailona i ka mea:

• ka humalolo o nā pā i ka ʻili,
• lieʻe,
• ʻeha i nā ʻāpana
• ʻala,
• nāwaliwali
• ʻofa a me ka hiamoe.

Hōʻike ʻia ka lua o ka maʻi o ka maʻi e ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā neʻe, ʻeha o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino, hilahila. ʻO ka haʻi ʻelua ka lawe ʻana i ka pōʻino kino.

ʻO ka hakakā ʻana i kahi mea pōʻino weliweli

Ua hoʻāʻo nā kānaka o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika me nā hana mua.

• e ʻoki i nā lāʻau
• pipi holoholona
• ua pana ʻia nā holoholona hihiu.

Ua aʻo nā ʻōpiopio e noho ana ma ʻApelika i ka hopu ʻana i kahi pepeke me ko lākou mau lima a me ka ʻāʻī i ko lākou mau manamana lima, e pale aku ai i kahi pōʻai.

Ke hōʻole ʻia ka nui o nā pōʻino pōʻino, akā ʻo nā helu helu mai ka International Health Organization i kēia lā e hōʻike nei i nā kiʻi weliweli.

• 500,000 mau kānaka e noho ana ma ka hema o ka Sahara ua maʻi ʻia me ka trypanosomes ma o ka huʻu tsetse, ka hapanui o kēia poʻe i ka make.
• i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma hope o kahi lawaiʻa pepeke, a hiki i ka 10,000 poʻe e make
• makahiki ma mua o 3 miliona mau poʻo o nā holoholona i loaʻa i nā pōkoki tsetse.

Ua ʻike nā haumāna kula āpau i ka lele nui e pili ana. Noho ka lele zc ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. A no 150 makahiki, ua hoʻoweliweli ka poʻe kaiaulu a me nā holoholona. I kekahi mau wahi, haʻalele nā ​​kānaka i nā mea kanu momona a hele i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ma kēia mau ʻāina ʻaʻole ʻaʻohe koko i hala ka nui ma mua o kahi lele.

He aha ka mea like o ka lele?

ʻO ka helehelena maʻamau, kokoke e like me ka lele maʻamau, aia mau i kona mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa. Ma ke poʻo aia kekahi proboscis lōʻihi, kahi e hiki ai i nā wahine me ka hāmū ma o ka ʻili o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona a hānai i ke koko. Hoʻololi nā ʻēheu, e hoʻopuni ai i kahi ʻāina ākea ke hoʻomaha ka lele. He ʻōpū hina hina ka poli ma lalo, a he melemele ma luna o ia, ma ka pahu ʻulaʻula he ʻehā mau poʻohiwi pōhā ʻehā. ʻO ka mākeke lele mākeke, ke kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia i luna, i ka wā o kona ola e piʻi ana i 10 larvae, kahi, i ka wā e hāʻule ai lākou i ka lepo, lepo a me ka pupate i loko o nā hola.

Pehea e holo ai ka maʻi?

No ka lele, ʻaʻole ka mea pōʻino kahi CC. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka make e kahi maʻi holoholona, ​​ʻo Nagan, ka mea i lawe ʻia e kēia mau pepeke koko. Wahi a nā helu helu hōʻeha, he 3 miliona mau poʻo o nā pipi i make i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai nā betse lele tsetse.

ʻImi nā ʻepekema i kahi ala

Uaʻike nā poʻe ʻepekema i kahi ala hou loa e hōʻemi ai ka nui o ka mare ʻana me ke kāne hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i ke ola. Hoʻomaopopo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ua hoʻoholo nā kānaka ʻepekema e hoʻokuʻu i nā miliona miliona o nā kāne paʻa i ke ʻano. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua māhuahua pono lākou a hoʻopau ʻia me ka radiation. ʻO ka wahine, i kaʻi ʻana i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i kahi kāne e hele aku i ona lā, ʻaʻole naʻe e hiki iā ia ke hoʻohua i ka hua. ʻO kēia ʻano, e like me nā poʻe loea, e hōʻili ʻia ai nā mea lawe mai a hala kekahi mau makahiki, e nalowale ana ka lele mai ka maka o ka honua.