Nā mea e'ōlelo ai Siberian ʻike i nā mea pena kiʻi, ʻo kona hulu kāna ia e hana ai i nā lei momona kiʻekiʻe no ka pena. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi nā mea hoʻolālā i ka holoholona, nona kahi kapa ʻiliʻula hou ke kū'ē i ka European mink a sable paha.
Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi inoa inoa no ia hehal i ke ʻano o kahi kolamu Sakhalin, i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi - aia wale nō ma kahi o 300 mau kanaka. ʻO kekahi hoahānau o ka ferret a me ka weasel, akā naʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka ʻohana marten, hoʻohanohano ʻia e kona ʻano kūikawā a me kāna ʻano hiʻohiʻona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
Kākoʻo - holoholona a i ke 50 cm lōʻihi, he ʻakolu hoʻi ka huikau. Kuhi ka holoholona i ka awelika o 700-800 g. Hoʻolaha ʻia ke kino, hōʻailona ʻia e ka hoʻokolohua kūikawā. ʻO nā wāwae puʻupuʻu me nā membranes maikaʻi ʻole, e hōʻike ana i nā maka ma ke kau ʻana, kahi pepeiao liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hulu nani ka mea haʻaheo kūikawā o ka kamaʻāina. Hoʻolaha ka bula me ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka hulu ma ka huelo i hoʻopihapiha hou ʻia i ke kala ma mua o ke kua a i ʻole ka ʻōpū paha.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka muzzle me nā hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo maʻamau i ka ihu a me kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli a puni nā maka. ʻO ke kala kala o nā wāwae ma nā wāwae o ka holoholona a me ka hulu māmā o ka undercoat e hōʻike nui i ka nani o ka kapa huluhulu.
Hoʻololi ka ʻoi o ka huluhulu i kēlā me kēia manawa: ʻo ka nani a me ka pākīpī ka maʻamau no ka manawa anuanu, a i ke kauwela ka mea nui a keu ka pulu ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. Noho ka kolamu i nā wahi o ka Hikina Hema, nā ululāʻau Ural, nā wahi ʻili o Siberia, Primorye, Yakutia. ʻIke ʻolua i ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o ko mākou ʻāina. ʻIke lākou i ka kolamu ma Kina, Iapana, ma ka Penina Kūleʻa.
Ke ʻano o ka hoʻopulapula o nā ʻāpana āpau i ke kahe ʻana o nā ulu coniferous a deciduous me ka nui o nā rodents, a me nā loko wai i hoʻoulu ʻia me nā kumulāʻau, me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makani a me ka lāʻau make. Hōʻalo ka holoholona holoholona i nā wahi ākea, makemake nui i nā taiga ʻapo loa i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi a i ʻole nā kahawai. Loaʻa ʻia ma nā puʻu a hiki i 1600 m ma luna o ke kai.
Aia nā kolamu ma nā wahi i noho ʻia e ka poʻe, mahea ʻo ia i ka pīpī a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻiole a me nā mea kuʻu. ʻO kahi hālāwai me ka kolamu i nā kauā, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kūlanakauhale a i ke kula paha he hanana pinepine e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka pōloli a me ka nalowale.
I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa i ka nui o nā ʻenemi ka holoholona. ʻO ka mea nui he sable, kaʻi ʻana aku i kāna mea hoʻokūkū mai nā wahi i hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO ka mea ʻoki e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i ka pou: nā ʻaleʻa, nā ʻānei, nā aeto, nā ʻūlū manu. Pono mākou e hūnā mai i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā lynxes, nā alopeke, nā ʻīlio, nā ferrets.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano o ke ola
ʻO ka hapa nui nā mea e'ōlelo nei. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana i ka wā o ke ahiahi a ma hope o ka lā. ʻAʻole i ʻimi ʻia ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai i kekahi mau wahi, hiki i ka holoholona ke piʻi i 10 km a oi aʻe paha, inā pono ka lawaiʻa e neʻe i ka huli ʻana.
I ka pō hiki ke ʻike i ke kolu ʻoho ʻulaʻula maikaʻi e ʻimi ana i nā kiʻi i waena o nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau i nā honu. Lilo nō hoʻi nā kamaʻāina i ka waiwai o ka holoholona wīwī e hiki ke holo maikaʻi. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā kahe wai, muskrats a iʻa paha i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka kolamu o nā kolamu.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ka mea hānai ma ka dexterity a me ka hiki ke hana i kona ala ma lalo o ka uhi hoʻoilo ma luna o ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 50 m. ʻO Capercaillie a me kahi māla i hūnā i ka pō hiki ke honi a hopu koke i nā manu.
ʻO ka wiwoʻole, ka pākuhi, hiki ke piʻi koke i kekahi mau kāwau a me nā pōkō, ka neʻe i ka pali a me nā wahi nui, piʻi i nā kumulāʻau a me nā pihi pōhaku e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi kolamu ʻoi.
ʻAʻole mākaʻikaʻi nā holoholona i kā lākou pūnaewele. Noho lākou i kahi i noho ai i nā chipmunks, voles mahina, haʻalele i ka pali a i ʻole ma lalo o nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule a me ka puʻu o nā lāʻau i hāʻule ai. Eia kekahi ma kahi maluhia mau, he mau wahi kaawale o ka holoholona, kahi e hū ai i ka mea pono.
I ka wā o ke anuanu koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ia ke moe aʻahe ʻole i waho no kekahi mau lā mai kahi mālama mahana. A laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hopu me ke ao ma muli o nā pōkē malū pō. Ke neʻe nei nā kolamu i nā leaps a a me nā palena. ʻO ka kolamu leo e like me nā leo e hana ʻia e kahi ferret: chirping a i ʻole kekahi ʻano tweet. I ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana lākou i ka manacing hiss me ka whistle.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o ka kolamu e pili ana i nā mammals liʻiliʻi: jerboas, nā kiole, chipmunks, pikas, squirrels, i kekahi manawa hares. ʻOiai kaʻai ʻana o ka holoholona i ka wai, i loko o ka wai, e neʻe ana i ka mau kilomita mau kilomita mai ke kahakai, ka lawaiʻa a ʻimi lākou no muskrats, ʻai i nā baki, kolo a me ka hua ʻōiwi, ka ʻū a me ka mea e hiolo mai i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā mea hoʻopiʻi nui.
I ka hoʻoilo, huli ʻia kahi manu ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, e hiamoe ana i loko o ka lua o ka ʻalā - partridges a grouse, keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele. Ua ʻimi ka holoholona weliweli a me nā holoholona dexterous i ka mānoanoa o ka hau.
I ka wā hōʻiliʻili, hauʻoli nō hoʻi nā hua me nā huaʻai e lākou. Ke hoʻomau nei mākou ʻo ka pōloli iā mākou e hoʻokokoke a noho i kahi kanaka a e hōʻino loa i nā waihona a me nā stock. Hoʻā maʻamau ka hoʻouka ʻana ma nā moa. ʻAʻole i like me ke ʻaka, ʻaʻole ia e kiaʻi i ka mea pio, akā e hoʻouka koke iā ia.
He mea nui ia e pili ana ka holoholona i ka mea i make, i kekahi manawa iʻoi aku o ka nui. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai meaʻai i ka kolamu, no laila e hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka teritori inā ʻike ʻia he mea komo hewa, e ʻike i nā wahi hou.
Ke ʻimi ʻia nei ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka pō. Inā hiki i ka lālau ke hopu i ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, kālele ke kolamu iā ia i kahi i kahi ʻia a i ʻole i kona noho aliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia e ʻai ma kahi o kona ʻimi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano o ka cannibalism ma waena o nā holoholona, i ka wā i hāʻule ai kekahi holoholona i loko o kahi pahele, ʻoiai i hoʻohana kekahi i ke kūlana.
Kāleka
Hoʻomaka mākou i ka wehewehe o nā kolamu holoholona me kona helehelena. Hoʻokomo ka pākeke i nā nui e pili ana i 50 cm ka lōʻihi. Ma ka hapakolu o ke kino ka huelo. ʻO ka paona o ka kolamu e hiki ke piʻi aku i 800 gram a i ʻole.
ʻO ka holoholona kahi elongated kino, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻāwīwī nui a me ke ʻano. He pōkole pōkole nā kolamu, ma nā manamana lima o kona mau ʻāpana membranous. ʻO nā maka ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi e hāleu i ka muzzle koi. ʻO kēia ʻanoʻano o ke aloha a me ka ferret i nā pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka haʻaheo maoli o ka holoholona kona nani, palulu kapa. ʻO ka koleke huluhulu he kumu o ka ocher i ka hoʻoilo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, hāʻawi kahe i ka pona ʻula i ke kala i kahi manu. Hoʻohana ʻia ka muzzle me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli kokoke i nā maka.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka kolone lōʻihi
Nā mea e'ōlelo ai, hāʻule ka manawa laha i ka lehulehu i ka lā Malaki a hiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila. Ke kaua nei nā kāne no ka wahine, ke hakakā nui nei lākou.
Holo ka puʻukū a hiki i ka 30-40 lā, ma loko o ka mōlia mai ka 4 a 10 mau kūnē. Ke mākaukau nei ka wahine no ko lākou helehelena ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi pūnana a i ʻole kahe mai ka huluhulu, nā lau, mau lau maloʻo.
ʻO nā mea kūkā nā makuahine mālama mālama mālama i nā pēpē. I ka mua ʻaʻole pono lākou e hānai wale i ka waiū, akā no ka mahanahana hoʻi, no ka mea, ua hānau ka hūnā. Hiki i ke anu ke hōʻino i ka bro.
ʻAʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka nalo, ʻo ka wahine wale nō. I uhi ʻia ka pū manuahi me ka mauʻu a i ʻole mauʻu maloʻo. I loko o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻomohala ikaika ka hua: wehe nā maka, ʻike ʻia nā lauoho, kahi helehelena hiʻona e hōʻike ana i ka muzzle. Hoʻomaka ka hānai holoholona i nā holoholona holoholona liʻiliʻi: nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke.
ʻAʻole mālama nā Males i nā cubs. I ka wā lulu, loaʻa i ke pēpē ke kūʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka mālama a nā wahine a lilo i hoʻokahi, e waiho ana i ka pūnana. ʻO ke ola o kahi kolamu ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2-4 mau makahiki. I ka pio, hoʻonui ʻia ka hua i 8-9 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka hoihoi ʻolelo ʻolua, makemake ʻia kuai i holoholona a hoʻokō ʻia hoʻi. E maʻalahi ke lilo i ka manual. Ma nā mahiʻai ua ʻāpā nā poʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kolamu i mea e loaʻa ai nā ʻili manu, waiwai i waena o kekahi. Akā i nā pono pāʻoihana hoʻoilo ke mink, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka kolamu, kahi kiʻi e hiki ke ʻike ʻia i kā mākou paʻi, he mea maʻamau loa i ka Far East. Loaʻa ka nui o nā holoholona o ia mau holoholona i nā ululā Ural, i Yakutia, Siberia a me Primorye. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia. Kūleʻa pinepine nā kolamu Siberia i ka ʻāina o nā moku e pili ana, a ma China wale nō.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hale noho hou no nā holoholona i hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka like o ka nahele, ka nui o ka mea i hoʻopio, ka hele ʻana o ka ʻāina me kahi lāʻau make a me ka weliweli. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻelele o nā ʻano holoholona e pale i nā kikowaena ākea. ʻO nā holoholona i like loa e like me nā palahui mauna, ua nui ʻia me nā lāʻau ākua, aia kahi kokoke i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. Ma ka taiga, ʻike mau ʻia kahi kolamu ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma luna o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mau mile ma luna o ke kai.
Piʻi pinepine nā ʻelele o nā ʻano i nā wahi i noho ʻia e nā kānaka. E hoihoi ana kēia kolamu i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā rodents liʻiliʻi, a me ka manawa kūpono e ʻaina ai i ka moa. ʻO kahi hālāwai me kahi holoholona e hoʻokokoke kokoke ana i kahi lōʻihi loa. ʻO kahi ʻano like ʻole ma muli o ka nolo ʻana o ka holoholona no ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻai.
Hoʻaiho
Mahele pinepine nā mea e kamaʻilio ma nā kumu ulu haʻahaʻa o ʻAsia, a loaʻa nō hoʻi ia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia a me ka Far East.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, he nui ka hoʻonui ʻana aʻe o ka helu a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kolamu ma Yakutia ma ke kahakai ʻo Okhotsk.
Ua hele pololei mai kekahi mau kolamu ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā Urals. Koho nā wahi o ko lākou holoholona home kūloko i nā awāwa o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, kahi a lākou e noho ai i nā ʻinoʻino, nā nahele i hāʻule a me nā nāhelehele i hui ʻia. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi papa maʻa i piha i ke kumu lāʻau.
Kū pinepine nā kolamu i nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1400 a 1700 mika. Eia naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā pā a i nā kauhale liʻiliʻi a me nā kūlanakauhale.
ʻLio a me nā ʻano
Ke ʻano piha loa ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka haʻi ʻana. ʻOkoʻa lākou i mea ʻole lākou e mākaʻikaʻi i kā lākou ʻāina. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou inā ʻaʻole lākou e pale iā lākou. Ke koi nei i nā holoholona e hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi noho leʻa wale nō ka nele o ka meaʻai i kūkulu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele kahiko. Hele lākou i ka wā hana o ka male.
I ka hiki ʻana o kahi hoʻomaha nui, e nalowale nā mea kahalaha a piʻi paha lākou i ka māla mahiʻai a hōʻino iā lākou inā e hāʻule ana lākou i kahi kauhale liʻiliʻi.
He mea kūpono hoʻi ia ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko lākou home koʻikoʻi, loaʻa nā kolamu i nā wahi pilikino i ko lākou wahi. Aia kēia mau hale noho ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka pūnaewele.
Noho kēia mau holoholona i loko o ka mink o nā mea hao ʻē aʻe, a kokoke i nā lāʻau hāʻule i hāʻule.
Hoʻohālike ʻia nā mea kūkākūkā e ka likility a me ka loli. I kēia hihia, hana nui ʻia ka hana nui loa ma ka pō a me ka pō. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka holoholona ke hana i ke ao.
Ma nā lā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo nui, he paʻakikī loa e hālāwai me ka kolamu, i ka mea e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke "moe", ʻo ia hoʻi, e hāʻule ana i loko o ka lūlū pōkole no kekahi mau lā.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā kolamu i ko lākou hiki ke neʻe i lalo o ka hoʻoilo hohonu.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻai ʻana mai ia mau mea i hana ʻia ma ko lākou home. Ma kahi a ka mea i hopu ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou i hana.
Hiki i nā holoholona ke piʻi i nā lāʻau, akā hana lākou, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa. Hōʻalo nā kolala i nā wahi ākea a ākea. ʻO ke hiki ke kau pū me lākou ua kūkulu pū ʻia a hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i kahi mamao loa mai uka.
Kahua holoholona. ʻO ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā nohona a me nā kolamu noho
I loko o ka kolamu, e like me ke ʻano o ka hopu holoholona ʻana, ma Rūsia i huki wale ʻia i ka kenekulia 19. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka nele o nā waiwai kūpono. I pena ʻia nā ʻāpana pena, ma lalo o ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana, kūʻai ʻia iā lākou i Kina.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai kūʻai haʻahaʻa, nā kapa hōʻemi o ka hulu i alakaʻi ai i ka mea ʻolelo nalowale kona waiwai lawaiʻa kahiko. Hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā pahele e hoʻohālike i ka hulu maikaʻi o ka hulu, a ua hana ʻia nā poli mai ka papa mua o nā holoholona.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka kolana he holoholona ia e like me nā haʻu nui a me nā ʻaʻeʻe manu e makemake nui i ka hopu. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona e noho kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka e hiki ke hōʻemi i nā ʻīlio hakakā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā kamaʻilio e lilo i mau pio no nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻalū.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā holoholona i kahi hakakā maoli me nā minks. Ma ka maʻamau ʻo ko lākou noho ʻana i ka ʻāina like. Hoʻokipa pinepine nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano i nā hakakā no ka ʻāina. Eia kekahi, hakakā ka minks a me nā kolamu i ka mea hope loa. ʻO ka mea lanakila nā mea nāna e hoʻokō ola.
ʻĀnō ke ola
Noho ke kolamu i ko lākou wahi maoli no ka hapanui o nā makahiki he 4. Eia naʻe, ke mālama ʻia ka holoholona i ke pio, hiki i kēia manawa ke hoʻonui i kekahi mau manawa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mea wale nō o nā ʻano i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kelepona e kūlike i ka ʻikepona a me ka pōʻino ʻole. ʻO nā holoholona i hopu ʻia i loko o nā hale noho huli pinepineʻole i ka paʻakikī a me ka weliweli i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana
I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa i nā kolamu hulu i kahi palapala noi a nui loa. He mea kūpono e haʻi ʻia ma ka kokoke o kēlā me kēia ʻohana Soviet kahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi o hoʻokahi kūoʻi kāne mai ka hulu manu.
Eia nō naʻe, inā ma mua o ka noho ʻana o ka hulu manu i nā kuleana ma hope, a lanakila nā huahana synthetic i ke kūʻai ʻana aku i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe pilikia ma ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi huahana hulu kūlohelohe mai ka ʻili o kahi holoholona. I kēia manawa, lilo nā kolamu i mea kaulana loa, ka hulu o ka mea i lilo ai i mea kaulana loa i waena o nā mea hoʻolālā. Hoʻohana nui loa ia.
ʻO ka kolamu wehewehe
ʻO kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 48-66 mau kenimika a me kāna kāʻei, a kaupaona paha ma kahi o 800 gram. Hoʻopili ka ʻili. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo, ua pōkole nā wāwae, hoʻomōluulu maikaʻi nā ʻaoʻao ma waena o lākou.
ʻAno ʻia nā kauhau, kūpono ke ʻāʻī, a he koi nā pepeiao. Nani ka huelo, fluffy, kona lōʻihi e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino - e pili ana i ka 18-21 kenimika. Aia ke kihi ductal i ke kumu o ka huelo, mai kahi mea i ʻike ʻia e kahi mea huna me ka mea ʻono maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻAkula ke kala o ka huluhulu. I ka hoʻoilo, pohilike a mālie, koʻikoʻi ma ka huelo. Aia ma ka maka aia nā kulu brown i kapa ʻia he mask. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lehelehe e ke kao keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. I ke kauwela "ʻaʻahu" o nā kolamu e nānā ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e palupalu ka hulu, pili ia i ke kino. Koʻi wāwae wāwae-keʻokeʻo. Hana ʻia ka Shedding i Malaki-Mei.
Nā kolamu (Mustela sibirica).
Kūlana Habitat
Kahi ka laha o kēia mau holoholona i kulu ʻia, ma ke ʻano ture, i kuhikuhi i nā ululāʻau o Asia, ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia a me ka Far East. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ka laulā o Yakutia ma ke kahakai ʻo Okhotsk. Nui nā ʻāpana kolamu ma nā Urals.
Noho ka poʻe ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi i nā ʻoihana mālama wai, a pale i nā kikowaena ākea.
Noho nā mea ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ma nā awāwa o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi, ma nā kapa o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā ulu lāʻau, ʻōlū a hina i lalo. Loaʻa ʻia i waena o nā mea hana stony i ulu me nā kumulāʻau. Ke piʻi nei nā mauna i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1400-1700 mika. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, kū nā pou i nā nahele pine, nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻaoʻao o nā pulu. Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine lākou ma nā kihi o nā mahina, ma nā kauhale a ma nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi.
Kākauʻike ʻōlelo
ʻOi ka ʻaha nā ʻōlelo ʻana. Ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole lākou a hōʻailona i kā lākou pākino.
E like me ke ʻano o nā kolamu i nā kolamu, kokoke loa ia me ka mink Europa.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā holoholona a me ka hapa ʻole o ka meaʻai e hele nui lākou. Ke lele nā kolu pōloli, oki lākou e makaʻala, holo i loko o nā kauhale a hōʻino i nā pā o nā holoholona a me nā hale kūʻai.
Noho ke kolamu i loko o nā ʻuā o nā rodents: voles wai, chipmunks, pikas, hiki nō hoʻi ke noho i nā kuʻi, noho ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule a me nā puʻu o ka ʻōpala. I ka holoholona ia, i loko o ka hale mau, mau hale kaawale i waiho i nā papa like ʻole o kona pūnaewele.
ʻO nā mea e hoʻopiʻi ana a i nā ʻūlū paha, inā hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka holoholona, he tweet ia a he chirps, e like me ka ferret.
ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū nui o ka pou, kahi pana, hoʻokuke iā ia i nā ʻāina i noho ʻia e ia.
Hoʻomoʻa nā kaukana i nā ʻōpū kūwaho a me nā lua me ka maʻalahi o ka wikiwiki. No lākou, he hana maʻamau ka lūlū a me ka pō.A i ka hoʻoilo, i nā pō anuanu, hiki i nā mea ʻōlelo ke hele i ka wā o ke ao. I loko o nā manawa anu nui, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ʻōlelo ke haʻalele i ka pā i kekahi mau lā, ʻo ia hoʻi, "moe ʻoe".
Ke ʻimi nei ka kolou i ka mea pio, ʻaʻole i like me ka sable, ka mea i kiaʻi iā ia.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ia ke iho i lalo o ka hoʻoilo a hoʻoiho i kahi lōʻihi a hiki i 50 mika ma lalo o kona mānoanoa. ʻO ka ʻai kai, e like me ke kānāwai, ʻai ʻia i kona lua, ʻaʻole hoʻi ma kahi e kū nei. Hiki i nā holoholona ke piʻi i nā lāʻau, akā hana pinepine lākou i kēia. Hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki a maikaʻi, ke neʻe nei lākou mai uka i nā haneli mau haneli.
Ma ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻaiʻai, loaʻa nā kolamu ma waena o nā mea pana polyphagous, e like me ka marten a me nā sable, a me nā "ʻai kīwī," e like me ka ermine a me ka weasel. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o nā kolamu he voles, hamsters, nā ʻiole, nā passerines liʻiliʻi. Ma nā kuahiwi e pio ai ka pika. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi nā mea ʻōlelo, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i ka hares. Inā nui nā muskrats i loko o nā loko, a laila hopu i nā kolamu iā lākou. Ma Primorye, he ʻai nui ke ʻano ʻai ʻo ka ʻai migratory no ka mea 'ōlelo. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā iniseti, rana, pūlule, a me ka māi.
ʻOiai e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai, ke makani maila ka ʻala ma ka hau, ke nānā ʻana i ka makani, nā lāʻau.
He nui nā mea hoʻokūkū e ʻōlelo ai: nā ʻalopeke, nā mea ulana, nā ʻāpana. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā kolamu i nā ʻāpana, kahi e alualu iā lākou a peʻi aku iā lākou mai ko lākou mau wahi, a ma kēia mea, he liʻiliʻi wale nā kolamu ma kēlā mau wahi e noho ai nā sables. A ʻo nā kolamu, ma ka huli ʻana e ola i nā nāwaliwali nāwaliwali. ʻO nā manu ʻōpiopio nui e ʻai ana i nā kolamu: nā lawaiʻa a me nā ʻānei.
Loaʻa ka ola ola o nā kolamu ma ka lewa ma ka awelika o 2 mau makahiki, akā hiki i ka poʻe lōʻihi lōʻihi ke ola i kahi o 6 mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, ola ke kolamu iā 9 mau makahiki.
Hoʻola ʻōlelo kolana
ʻO ka wā rutting no nā kolamu e hele mai ana mai Malaki a ʻApelila. I kēia manawa, lilo nā holoholona a ikaika loa ʻole. Huli lākou i liʻiliʻi, ʻimi pinepine nā kāne i nā wahine.
ʻO ka huelo o ka pou o ke kolamu i ka hoʻoilo, aneane like me ka marten, ʻo kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hapalua o ke kino.
E alakaʻi ka wahine i kahi ʻano huna a me kāna mau pēpē. ʻO ka mālamaʻana o ka maʻima ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka hua nui o nā kolamu. I kēlā me kēia mahina, hānau ka wahine i kahi 6-10 cubs. Inā make nā pēpē mai ka mua keiki, hānau hou ka wahine i ka hānai hou a hānau mai i kēia makahiki. He makapō a kamaʻilio nā kaikuaana hou, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou lehulehu ma ka 7 gr.
ʻO nā mea kūkā nā makuahine mālama mālama i kā lākou keiki.
Loaʻa i nā poʻe ʻōpio nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa i ka malama mua o ke ola: ua loli ka hoʻololi ʻeleʻele o kā lākou melemele i ka melemele, a me ka hua maka "mask" ka pihi ma ka puʻu. Hoʻomaʻa ka makuahine i ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū cubs i ka hopena o ka lua o ka malama, i ka hoʻomaka o ka hopena o ka ʻūlū ua hiki aku lākou i ka nui o nā pākeke. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka lākou e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano pilikino.
I ka malama mua o ke ola, e hoʻololi ka poʻe ʻōpio i ke kala o ka huluhulu hulu mai ka hina i ka brown-brown, a me kahi "mask" ʻano hiʻohiʻona e kū ʻia ma ka muzzle.
Ka helu o nā kolamu
Ma nā taiga, he mea maʻamau kēia mau mea lahilahi. I kekahi manawa e hōʻino ka mea haʻi i ka ʻenehana manu, i ko lākou hiki ʻana i ka pā, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā moa a iʻa paha. Akā ʻo nā kolamu, e like me nā cuns liʻiliʻi, i mea e hoʻohana ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea ʻino i loko o nā māla a me nā kauhale.
ʻO ka hulu o nā kolamu i mahalo nui ʻia, e hoʻohana ʻia ma kona ʻano kūlohelohe a i ʻole he kiʻi like ʻole i nā huahana hulu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
I nā makahiki 30, ua hana ʻia nā ho'āʻo ʻana e mālama i nā kolamu ma nā mahiʻai. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā kolamu i ka noho pio ʻana no ka mea holo ʻole lākou i ka hihiu. Akā, e like me ke koena o nā coies, ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka mink ʻAmelika, ʻo ka mea e mahalo nui ʻia ka hulu. Hoʻokomo wikiwiki ʻia nā mea ʻōlelo ʻōlelo a hāʻawi ʻia i nā lima.
Noho kahi subspecies o Mustela sibirica coreana ma Korea. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau holoholona e kahi ʻūhā nui aʻe a me ke kala hulu ʻulaʻula.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻoulu ke kolamu o nā pākeke i 50 cm ka lōʻihi, kahi o 1/3 ʻo ka huelo. ʻOi loa ka paona o ke kino o ka holoholona ma mua o 800 g. He holoholona pōkole ka pōkole, kahi maukiʻi kuhikuhi, nā maka nui a keu, a me nā pepeiao pepeiao. ʻO ka kolana i kahi kino elongated, kūpono a me ka neʻe. ʻO ka haʻaheo kūikawā o ka holoholona kona hulu nani, e hoʻololi i kahi kala i hilinaʻi i ka manawa o ka makahiki. No laila, i ka hoʻoilo, he poʻokela ka mommalian hair me ka tint i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Ma ka maka, ua ʻike ʻia nā wahi o ke keʻokeʻo a me kahi kākele ʻeleʻele maʻamau e puni ana i nā maka.
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He ʻano like ʻole ka huluhulu Itatsi me ka hoʻoilo. I ka hoʻoilo, he lūlū ka meli a me ka mānoanoa, i ke kauwela - ʻoi aku ka puʻu loa
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E aloha ana nā mea ʻōlelo i nā wahi noho. Pane nui ʻia ka holoholona e ke ʻano o nā iole, ka ʻīwī a me nā kiʻi. Ma ka lāʻau hihiu, makemake nui nā mammal e noho kokoke i nā nahele coniferous a deciduous paha kahi e loaʻa ai nā keiki he nui. ʻAʻohe wahi maikaʻi ia i nā wahi i kū i ka itatsi; makemake lākou i ke kāʻei luʻu ma ke kahawai a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kuahiwi.
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ʻLelo holoholona
ʻO nā holoholona he holoholona nocturnal. Holo lākou i ka lulū a ʻaʻole i palena ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāina. Hiki i nā ʻōmaka ke hele ma kahi o 10 km i ka manawa. I ka pō, wīwī liʻiliʻi nā maka o ka holoholona me kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā mea kamaʻilio maikaʻi he mau lawena maikaʻi a hopu i ka waiwai i loko o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i ko lākou ala ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo a 50 cm hohonu.
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ʻAʻole kūkulu nā kolala i kā lākou iho ponoʻī. Noho lākou he mau wahi haʻalele, a aia paha i loko o nā ʻuʻu lāʻau, ma lalo o nā lālā lāʻau. Loaʻa i nā holoholona kekahi mau puʻupuʻu e hoʻomaha ai, e hilinaʻi ana i ko lākou makemake a me kahi i loaʻa ai. ʻAʻole hānau ʻia nā mea ʻōlelo ʻōlelo, no ka mea ua ʻeha lākou i nā lā mahana, i ʻole lākou e hele i waho no nā lā. E kiʻi i ka wahi kūpono, hoʻolako koke ka holoholona i nā lele koke.
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Ka ʻeha ʻia nā holoholona, hele nā a me nā lālani. ʻO ka "leo" ʻo ka holoholona me he chirping a tweeting paha.
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Ma kahi e noho ai nā mea haʻi'ōlelo
E noho ana ke kolamu ma Siberia, akā hoʻi i kona ʻaoʻao hema, ma ka Far East, Primorye. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, he hoʻonui nui ka nui o nā kolamu ma ka ʻāpana o Yakutia, ma ke kahakai o ke kai o Okhotsk. Ma waho o Rūsia, lawe ʻia nā kolamu ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā Himalaya, ma ka hapa nui o Kina, ma ka Peninsula Korea, ma Iapana. ʻO kekahi manawa, loaʻa nā kolamu ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā Urals.
No kahi e noho ai o nā kolamu, ma nā wahi āpau e koho ai i nā ululāʻau coniferous a deciduous paha, kahi nui o ka nui o nā rodents, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ke kolamu, pono e loaʻa. Pale like ʻo Kolonok e noho ma kapa o nā loko, nā kahawai a me nā kahe, ʻoiai inā maʻa nui nā kīhāpai me nā lāʻau lāʻau, me ka neʻe mai o kahi ʻōhua a me kahi kumulāʻau i hina.
Pōʻalo ke kolamu i nā kikowaena ākea, akā hiki iā lākou ke maʻalahi maʻalahi i loaʻa i nā mea paʻa i nā nui me nā lāʻau lāʻau. I ke kuahiwi, ua loaʻa a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1500-1700 mika ma luna o ke kai.
Hiki i ka kolamu ke ʻike pinepine i nā kauā, ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā kūlanakauhale a ma nā kula. ʻO nā wahi like ka mea e huki ai i ka holoholona me ka nui a me nā kahe a me nā ʻiole;
Paʻi ʻia ka kolamu e ʻike ʻia i loko o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale e ka neʻe ʻana aku mai ka pōloli, ma aneʻi e lilo i ka makaʻala.
He aha nā mea e hānai ai i nā mea haʻi'ōlelo
He poʻomanaʻo ka ʻala i ka wā ʻōiwi. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o ka kolamu he rodents: nā kiole, voles, hamsters, squirrels, chipmunks, jerboas. Ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i nā rodents, e alualu iā lākou ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo a me ke kuahiwi.
ʻOiai ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka kolamu ke hopu i nā holoholona i nui no ia, e like me nā hares.
Hiki i ka hiki keʻauʻau ʻeleʻele maikaʻi, hiki ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai i ka wai, hopu i nā muskrats, nā iʻa, nā baki, e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea ʻino a me kā lākou huaʻī.
ʻAʻole ia i haʻalele i ke kalrion, aia nā hihia i ka cannibalism ma waena o nā kolamu, i ka manawa i ʻai ai nā kolamu e kekahi kolamu i hāʻule i ka pahele.
Hiki i ka kolamu ke hopu i nā manu, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi, a me ka nui, e like me ka capercaillie a me ka huki i ka hazel, e hoʻokokoke ana iā lākou ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. I nā makahiki huaʻai no nā pupu hua a me nā huaʻai, hiki ke hauʻoli ʻia e ia.
Hoʻopau ka pololi i ka kolamu i ka holo ʻana, e hele kokoke i ka hale o kahi kanaka, ʻo ka manawa pinepine ʻo ia i kona manawa i ka ʻoihana kūʻai a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka moa.
I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, hele koke ka kolamu i ka mea pio, he ʻokoʻa ia ka mākaʻikaʻi e mālama iā ia.
ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai nui o ka kolane i ka sable, ma waena o lākou he hakakā nui loa no ke kūkaʻi, ma ia manawa, e like me kēia lula, ua haʻalele ka sable i ka kolamu mai kona mau wahi a me ka mea e ʻimi ai nā kolu i nā wahi hou. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻelua e ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻoe i ka noho ʻana ma kou wahi.
Kolinsky
ʻO ka mea hoʻonā manuahi maikaʻi ke ʻano ʻōlelo, kahi mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana hulu a kaulana hoʻi i waena o nā mea hana lole. I nā wā Soviet, ua hana ʻia nā pāpale hulu o nā kāne mai kahi koluna o ka hulu.
ʻO ka kolu huluhulu like ia me ka mink a me ka hulu sable. Kūpono ʻia nā kolamu i nā mea pena kiʻi, me ka huehue maʻa a me ka palupalu, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kolamu ʻoi ʻia, i hana ʻia mai ka hulu o kona huʻu.
ʻO ke kaupaona a me ka maikaʻi o ka pou o ka hulu e hilinaʻi ana i ka manawa i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka hulu hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hulu o ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka umauma, mālie a palupalu.
ʻAno maʻalahi ka kolamu a lilo i mōʻī holoholona hoʻoheneene. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aʻe ka nui o nā mea e ʻōlelo pū me ka poʻe me ka poʻe ma nā hale a me nā hale. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hānai i nā kolamu ma nā mahiʻai, no ka ʻili o kā lākou hulu manu, akā ʻaʻole i mau kēia mau ho'āʻo ʻana, ʻoiai ua hānai ʻia nā minks i kahi māla e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa
Kahi ʻia ka hulu kolu i ka ʻoihana lole. He mea kūpono ia no ka wā kahiko ua kokoke nā ʻohana Soviet a i kēlā me kahi pāpale ma kahi o nā ʻili o kēlā mau holoholona. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui nā kāʻei hulu manu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana ʻana i nā huahana mea kūʻai nui.