ʻAlepaʻāina ʻo Antarctica me nā kūlana kime koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole piʻi ke anu i ka hapanui o ka ʻāina nui ma luna o ka manuahi, a uhi ʻia ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa me ka hau. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka Hema e pili ana i Antartika ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hanohano kupaianaha loa i ka Honua a he home no nā mea he nui wale.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā holoholona he migratory, no ka mea, he paʻakikī loa ke ʻano o ka konikona no ka noho mau a me ka hoʻoilo.
Ma ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia nā holoholona he nui ma Antarctica (nā holoholona e noho nei i hoʻokahi wahi i kapa ʻia ka endemic) a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi kūpono i ka nohona hoʻoweliweli. I ka loaʻa ʻana o Antarctica wale no 200 mau makahiki i hala, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau i ke kaiāulu kanaka, e alakaʻi ana i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kupanaha o nā holoholona hihiu o Antarctica: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kānaka me lākou ma mua o ka poʻe. No ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, ʻo kēia ka mea ua hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, a ʻaʻole lākou e holo, a no nā mea noiʻi - ʻo ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi aku i nā fauna o Antarctica. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia e ka Antarctic Treaties e pāpā i ka paʻi ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu!
I kēia ʻatikala, ua ʻohi mākou i kahi papa inoa me kahi wehewehe pōkole a me nā kiʻi o kekahi mau poʻomanaʻo kaulana o nā mōʻī o ka ʻaina maikaʻi loa i ka lewa - Antarctica.
Nā Pākuʻi
ʻO nā kohola kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha a kupaianaha loa i ka Honua. ʻO ka kohola ʻailika ka holoholona nui loa i noho ma ka honua, ma ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o 100 anelika, ʻoi aku lākou i ka ʻoi aku ka nui o nā dinosaur heaviest. ʻOiai ka kohola "maʻamau" nui a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kahi hana kupanaha maoli. He nui nā kohola, akā he mau mumule paʻakikī, a he paʻakikī lākou e aʻo. He poʻe akamai loa lākou, me kahi ola paʻakikī paʻa a me ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
No nā ʻāpana he nui i nā mammals i kapa ʻia ʻo cetaceans, me nā leʻaleʻa a me nā alapo. ʻO lākou nā momi like ʻole me ke kanaka, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio, nā elepani a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia ka iʻa. Hōʻalo ke kohola i ka ea a no laila e kū i ka makina i nā manawa maʻamau e hoʻolā i ka hanu. Hānau lākou i nā cubs ola e noho pū me ko lākou makuahine me hoʻokahi makahiki a hānai iā lākou waiū. Ua hoʻohuihui ʻia nā kohola me ke koʻi o nā kānaka a like me kahi ʻano ʻano kanaka.
Ua kapa ʻia nā koholā ʻo Antartika i nā kohola āpau e hoʻolilo i kahi hapa o ka manawa ma ka makahiki kokoke i ke kapakai o ka ʻElepa. E pili ana kēia:
- Kahi kohola (ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kāne pākeke he 25 m, nā wahine - 26.2 m. ʻO ka paona kino kino o ka pākeke he 100 - 120 tons),
- Kahi paʻakai ma ka hema (A mika lōʻihi 20 m a me ka paona 96 t),
- Seyval (Ke kino lōʻihi 18 m, ke kaumaha - 80 t),
- Finval (Lō mai 18 a 27 m, ke kaumaha 40-70 t),
- ʻO ka kohola Sperm (Ka lōʻihi loa 17 m, paonaʻo 35 t),
- Kūpono kohola (Maʻa ka loa 14 m, ke kaumaha 30 t),
- Kahiʻu Minke Southern (Length - 9 m, ke kaumaha - 7 t),
- Kahi pale (He lōʻihi o ke kino mai 8.7 a 10 m, ke koʻikoʻi a hiki i ka 8 t).
Keguelen huluhulu hulu
ʻO ka hūnā hulu kerguelen o ka ʻohana i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā ʻīlio pepeiao. (Otariidae)e komo pū ana i nā ʻīlio hulu a me nā liona moana.
ʻO ka helehelena a me ke ʻano, like kēia mau mammals me kahi ʻīlio nui. Hiki iā lākou ke huki i nā pale kīkaha ma lalo o ke kino a hāpai i ko lākou paona me nā pani kīkī mua, ʻo ia ke kumu a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe.
Loaʻa nā Males i ka lehulehu o 200 kg a me 4 mau manawa ma mua o nā wahine. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā mokupuni subantarctic, me 95% o ka heluna o ka poʻe ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia.
Koi ʻōpū
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka leopona moana ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kino, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa ma Antarctica. ʻO ka paona o nā kāne, hiki i 300 kg, a ʻo nā wahine - 260-500 kg. He kūlike ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne ma 2.8-3.3 m, a ʻo nā wahine 2.9-3.8 m.
He mea ʻokoʻa loa ka meaʻai o nā leopold kai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kekahi holoholona i hiki iā lākou ke luku. ʻO ka papa ʻai ʻana o nā iʻa, squid, penguins, manu a me nā ʻīlio ʻōpiopio.
ʻAʻole loea nā loina moana i nā mea hoʻohana manuahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole mau ka lōʻihi o ke kahe lōʻihi loa i nā minuke 15, no laila e noho kokoke nā holoholona i ka wehe ʻana i ka wai, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoka i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi ma lalo o ka hau. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 40 km / h.
Palapala hōʻailona
Kuhi ʻia nā kohu crabeater ma mua o nā momi nunui o ka ʻāina. Pane ka poʻe ʻelemakule 200-300 kg a he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kahi kino ma kahi o 2.6 m. He mau holoholona hūnā wale ʻia kēia, akā naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke moe ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i ka manaʻo o kahi ʻohana pili. Hiki ke pilina maoli ma waena o nā makuahine a me kā lākou pēpē.
ʻAʻole lākou i ʻai i nā crabs, ʻoiai ko lākou inoa. ʻO kā lākou ʻai o ka 95% Antarctic krill, ʻo ke koena ua poʻi a me ka iʻa. He kūpono lākou no ka hopu ʻana i ka krill aloha i ko lākou mau niho, kahi e haku ai no ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻai mai ka wai.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana nā koholā crabeater i ka krill, ʻaʻole pono lākou e iho hohonu a lōʻihi. Kahi kahe e neʻe ai i kahi hohonu o 20-30 m, mau lōʻihi ma kahi o 11 mau minuke, akā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou ma ka hohonu o 430 m.
Ke Alohaha
ʻO nā ʻīlio moe momona a ka male e noho ana ma ka hau. ʻO ka paona o ka pākeke e loli ma waena o 400-450 kg, a ʻo ke lōʻihi o ke kino he 2.9 m (i nā kāne) a me 3.3 m (i nā wahine).
Pahu lākou i ka iʻa, nā iala a me nā invertebrates ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā kelima he momona maikaʻi loa nā male, hiki iā lākou ke iho i kahi hohonu o 600 mika a waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i 82 mau minuke.
Maikaʻi ka nui o ka lehulehu o kēia mau holoholona i helu ʻia, ʻoiai lākou e noho kokoke ana i ka Arctic Circle a ma ka hau hū.
ʻĀlima hema
ʻO nā ʻīlima elima hema ka nui loa o nā sila a pau e hōʻike ana i kahi moʻomeheu wahine. Ua kau ka paona o nā kāne ma waena o ka 1500-3700 kg, a me nā wahine - 350-800 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne he 4.5-5.8 m, a me nā wahine - 2.8 m.
ʻO ka papaʻai ka hapanui o ka squid, akā ʻo ka iʻa hoʻi kekahi (e pili ana i ka 75% squid a i ka iʻa 25%). ʻO Males, e like me kēia lula, ke hele hou i ke kūkulu hema, e alualu ana i kā lākou pio.
ʻElima kūlima hema - nā mea hoʻowalewale hoʻonā, e iho i ka hohonu o 300-500 m no 20-30 mau minuke. Loaʻa ʻia lākou ma Antartika, i lalo i ka hohonu hohonu.
Antarctic tern
ʻO Antartika tern kahi lālā maʻamau o ka ʻohana tern. He manu liʻiliʻi kēia he 31-38 cm lōʻihi, ke kau nei iā 95-120 g, a me nā ʻēheu o 66-77 cm. ʻO kona ʻāʻī he uliuli ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO ka palu hina a he keʻokeʻo paha ka pelulala, aia ka “cap” ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻo o nā ʻēheu o kēia tern he hina-ʻeleʻele.
ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa a me ka krill, ʻoi loa ke kū lākou i Antarctica. Ua ʻike ʻo Krachki i kā lākou pio mai ka lewa, a laila hoʻohemo ʻia ma hope o ka wai.
He cormorant honi kikowaena Antartika
ʻO ka cormorant puru-polima ka Antartika ka mea wale no ka ʻohana cormorant i loaʻa ma Antarctica. Noho lākou i ke kahawai ʻo South Antilles a me nā ʻoihana Antarctic, hohonu loa i ka hema. ʻO kēia mau cormorants e ka hiʻohiʻona maka ʻulaʻula a me kahi ulu melemele-melemele ma ke kumu o ka beak, ka mea i lilo nui nui a mālamalama i ka wā hana. ʻO ka momona o ke kino he 1.8-3.5 kg, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Ua loli ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 68 a 76 cm, a ʻo nā ʻēheu he 1.1 m.
Hoʻohana lākou i nā iʻa, e ʻohi pinepine nei i ka “pahele” o nā ʻumi a i ʻole mau haneli manu e komo mau ana i loko o ka wai a kōkua i kēlā me kēia iʻa. Hiki i kēia mau hānona ke hele i kahi hohonu o 116 m. I ka wā kauʻauʻau, paʻi ikaika lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu i ka kino a hoʻohana i ko lākou mau wāwae pūnaewele.
Ke keokeo
ʻO ka White Plover kekahi o nā ʻano ʻelua o ka ʻano ʻano Chionidae. ^ E Ha yM. Makemake ʻo ia i ka ʻāina hana i ka ʻāina. Ke hele nei, nods kona poʻo me he manu nunu lā. Hoʻololi ʻia ka paona kino mai 460 a 780 g, ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 34-41 cm, a me nā ʻēheu - 75-80 cm.
ʻAʻole ka wāwae keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, no laila e loaʻa ai kāna meaʻai ma ka ʻāina. He ʻomaʻomaʻo ia a nānā ʻia e ka kleptoparasitism (ʻaihue krill a me ka iʻa mai nā penguins, a ʻo kekahi manawa ʻai ʻai i nā hua a me nā moa). Hoʻomaʻaʻo ia i ka likoa me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā holoholona, a inā hiki, manu ʻole kanaka.
Pintado
ʻO ka manu nunu ʻo Cape no ka ʻohana petrel. ʻO kona kaupaona a hiki i 430 g, ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 39 cm, a ua loaʻa nā ʻēheu i ka 86 cm. ʻO ke kala o ka hulu o kēia manu, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻopau ka Cape Dove i ka krill, ka iʻa, ka cumi, ke kalaka a me ka pau ʻole o nā moku, inā inā. Ma ka maʻamau ʻo ka huki ʻana iā lākou ma luna o ka wai, akā i kekahi manawa nalo lākou.
Kālehu hau
He keʻokeʻo nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli a me nā maka. ʻO lākou ka nui o ka pigeon, a mahalo ʻia ʻo ia ka nani loa o nā manu Antarctic. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 30-40 cm, nā ʻēheu - 75-95 cm, a me ke paona - 240-460 g.
ʻAi lākou i ka krill a kokoke i nā kai i loaʻa i ka meaʻai. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma ke kahakai o Antartika, a me ʻoe e ʻike nei, pūnū mamao loa i ka waena o ka ʻāina (a hiki i 325 km mai ke kahakai), ma nā mauna e hoʻomaloka nei ma luna o ka hau.
E hui ʻia ke albatross
He albatross haehae ka manu me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi loa (mai 3.1 a 3,5 m). Hiki i kēia manu ke hana i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi no 10-20 mau lā, ma kahi mamao a hiki i 10,000 km, e hoʻohana ana i kekahi mau ikaika iki wale nō ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma kahi kūnana.
ʻO ke paona awelika mai 5.9 a 12.7 kg; ʻo nā kāne paha ma kahi o 20% ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā wahine. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 107 a 135 cm.
ʻO ke kumu o ke meaʻai he iʻa, squid a me crustaceans. Holo ka manu i ka pō ma luna o ka wai a i ʻole kahi i līlī. Hoʻopau ka ʻalepalo ʻana a me nā moku o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i kahi e waiho ai ka meaʻai. Kūpono maoli nō kēia no nā moku lawaiʻa e hoʻolei i ka iʻa ma luna.
Polina Skuas Hema
He manu nui nā manu polar skuas ma Hema. ʻO ka paona awelika o ke kāne ka 900-1600 g, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine. Ka lōʻihi awelika: 50-55 cm, a me nā ʻēheu 130-140 cm. ʻae lākou i ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina Antarctica a ʻano lahilahi i ka hema. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau manu ma ka South Pole.
Hoʻohana nui lākou i nā iʻa a me ka krill, ʻoiai ʻo nā hua penguin, nā ʻōpio a me nā kalima hoʻi hiki ke hoʻohui pū i ka meaʻai, e pili ana i ka noho. Kahi ʻia nā polu skuas i ka ʻaihue i nā iʻa manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoomaka o ke aniani
ʻO Antarctica ka ʻāina ma ka ʻaoʻao hema loa o ka honua. Ma ka kikoʻī, aia ka South Pole ma Antarctica. Ua puni ʻia ka ʻāina ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Komohana Hema. He ʻāina ʻo Antarctica kahi o 14,200,000 mau kilomita squareo 'o ka pākālua i ka nui o Australia.
98% o ka ʻāina Antarctica i uhi ʻia me ka hau, ʻo ka mānoanoa o kekahi ma kekahi mau wahi i hiki aku ai he 4.7 mau mile - no laila ua uhi ʻia ka ʻūhā ma nā wahi āpau koe wale nō ka ʻona. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wao nahele o Antarctica e ka mahana o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ikaika ka lā o ka lā a me ka maloʻo maikaʻi loa.
Aneane emi pau nā ʻāpana āpau i ke ʻano o ka hau a ua palena ʻia nā wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō, 300 mau mile mai ke kahakai. Aia i loko o kahi mau wahi, aia wale nō paha he 50 mm o ka ua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka mahana wela loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Honua e hoʻopaʻa wale ʻia ana ma Antarctica ma ke kahua ʻo Vostok Antarctic, aia ma Polar Plateau, ma -89.4 ° C. ʻOiai i loko o ia ʻano paʻakikī, aia nō ke ola, akā hiki nō ke pelemalelona.
Antartika - kahi kikoʻī
ʻAʻole loli ka mahana i loko o ka Hikina Hema i loko o ka makahiki - mau nō ka laulā ma waena o 1-2 ° C. I ke kauwela, uhi nā hau iā 4,000,000 mau kilomita mau kilomika o ka moana. ʻO ka papa hoʻomau o Antarctica i ka lōʻihi o 60 mau hola a i ka 240 kilomita ka laulā. ʻO ke kūleʻa ma kēia mau wahi he mau mile 500 500. ʻO ka lalo, kahi hui o ka pā, ka lapuwale a me ka gravel.
ʻO ke anuanu o ka papa nui o Antarctica ka maloʻo loa, akā ʻo ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka mokupuni a me nā mokulele subantarctic i ʻoi aku ka kūpono no ke ola, no laila aia nā pua i ka pua a hoʻomohala. Hiki i kēia mau wahi ke piʻi i ka ua o 900 mm o kēlā me kēia makahiki - i kekahi manawa he ua ma laila. ʻO ka peni kalima ke wahi wale nō ma Antarctica kahi i ke kauwela kauwela e piʻi aʻe ma luna o 0 ° C. ʻO ia no ka haʻahaʻa a me ka mahana i lilo i ka mokupuni nā subantarctic i home ma kahi ʻano holoholona like ʻole.
Kauna o ka antarctica
ʻO nā mea nui o nā holoholona Antarctic he extromophiles, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka maloʻo nui loa a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka uha ikaika loa o ka ʻāpana nui o nā ka ʻāina o ka konupepa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻalupulu e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāina ʻo Antarctic Peninsula a me nā mokulele subantarctic - he mau mahana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka wai o ke kai Hema, kahi e holoi ai i Antarctica, ka hapanui i uhi nui ʻia. ʻO nā wahi ākea he wahi paʻa mau loa no ke ola, ma ka kolamu wai a ma lalo.
ʻAʻole okoa nā ʻumi Antartika i pili i nā ʻāina ʻē. Hoʻopili nui ka ola ma nā ʻāina i nā kapakai kahakai. Kolo manuahi ka hae ma nā wahi like loa o ka ʻāina ʻo Antarctic Peninsula a me nā mokupuni subantarctic. Kai ka moana i ka home 10 ʻano o ka cetaceans. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka vertebrates Terrestrial, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia e ko lākou ʻokoʻa, e lawe i kā lākou nui. ʻO ka nui o nā mea hoʻohanohano o nā ʻano o nā ʻano heebrebrate e noho ana i loko o ke kai.
Ma Antarctica, ʻaʻole emi mai 235 mau holoholona hihiuʻO ka nui o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a nā kohola a me nā manu hoʻi i nā sna kai liʻiliʻi, nā kukama moana a me nā ʻōpala e noho ana i ka ʻōpala. Ua kūpono ka holoholona Antarctic i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wela wela, pinepine me nā mea hoʻonaninani kūlohelohe, a me nā ʻāpana o nā momona.
Kākoika
Koholā kai
p, paukiki 20,0,0,0,0 ->
p, ka mea pā 21,0,0,0,0 ->
Ke kohola maʻemaʻe maʻaneʻi
p, paukō he 22,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 23,0,0,0,0 ->
Sailau
p, ka mea pā 24,0,0,0,0 ->
p, he pāʻālua 25,0,0,0 ->
Finwal
p, ka mea pā 26,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 27,0,0,0,0 ->
Kahiāʻai Sperm
p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->
Kūpono hanohano
p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea huna 31,0,0,0,0 ->
Kahi lele Minke
p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->
p, mea ʻokiʻoki 33,0,0,0 ->
Kahi i ke kohola
p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 35,1,0,0,0 ->
Hoʻolaha nā poʻo momona i kū ai ke kala
p, paukiki 36,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->
Koloʻu
Antarctic tern
p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 39,0,0,0,0 ->
He cormorant honi kikowaena Antartika
p, paukena 40,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->
Ke keokeo
p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->
p, ka mea pā 43,0,0,0,0 ->
Pintado
p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->
Kālehu hau
p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->
E hui ʻia ke albatross
p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->
Polina Skuas Hema
p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->
Uila paila Hema
p, blockquote 52,0,0,1,0 ->
p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->
Wili a Wilson
p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->
p, he pāʻālua 55,0,0,0,0 ->
Nā Guillemot
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Hōʻea ʻole
Pikiu Emepera
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Aliʻi Pōhaku
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Penguin Subantarctic
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Adelie Penguin
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Penguin Pahu
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ʻO nā ʻelele ʻo Puanuanu
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Hoʻohālikelike
Kūpono loa ka fauna o Antarctica a hōʻike ʻia e nā lehulehu nui o nā kaola wai. ʻO ka mea hoʻohana pinepine ʻia o kēia ʻāina o kahi ʻāina. Aia nā ʻāpana elepani a me nā leopele moana i ke kai kahakai. ʻO ka helu o nā arthropods invertebrate ma kēia kuʻāina ʻo 67 wale nō nā ʻano o nā ʻoki a me 4 mau ʻano o nā makika.Ke hoʻoponopono nei nā holoholona āpau o kēia ʻāina i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ola no loko o ke ʻano ʻino. Nui nā mea huna o kēia ʻāina kūlima e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nei e nā ʻepekema.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona hihiu o Antarctica
Ma muli o ke kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka noho ʻana ma ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā holoholona hihiu. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he migratory, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kau anuanu ka manawa i neʻe ai, e neʻe lākou i kahi wahi mahana. ʻO ka honua ola e pili pū ana me ke kai ahi a he liʻiliʻi wale nō me ke kahakai. He hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ka poʻe holoʻokoʻa ma ʻaneʻi. Nui nā wai i ka plankton - kahi kai ʻai no ka cetaceans (kohola uliuli, finwal, sperm whale, killer whale), pinnipeds (anjing, nā kai ʻōpū, nā iʻa, nā manu.
Nā manu o antarctica
ʻO ka manu koʻikoʻi nui ma Antarctica, ka mea i pili pū me kēia ʻāina nui, ʻo ia ke penguin. Noho mai nei kekahi mau ʻano keu o kēia manu kani ma Antartika. ʻO ka ʻikepili nui loa o nā manu ma ka honua ka mea i hoʻomau ʻia ma ka emperor penguin. ua hiki i kona ulu ke hiki i 122 cm. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho i nā pali a me nā pōhaku, kahi lākou e noho ai i nā kolana nui.
Piha ka ʻaupikeka ka pualikoa ma Antartika, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ola maoli nei kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻāina o ka South Pole a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kahi ʻē aʻe.
Kuhi. 2. Pōʻeke Emperor.
Noho ke aliʻi ʻoki pū kekahi ma Antartika. He ʻano ʻano nui kēia nō kēia, akā ka mea i pālahalaha loa i ka nui o ka penguin emepera. ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe he 100 cm ka paona a 18 kg ka paona. Ma kahi o ka nui o kēia mau penguins, ka hoʻohanohano ʻia ka emoole penguin e kona ʻoluʻolu a me kona ʻano. ʻO ka meaʻai nui ka iʻa a me ka ʻumi.
ʻO nā penguin Subantarctic kahi noho noho o ka honua kūlohelohe o ka "ʻeleʻele maloʻo". ʻO kona inoa inoa ʻelua, ʻo ka popo popo. He mea maʻalahi kēia mau manu i nā ʻano ʻikua ʻē aʻe e ko lākou mauwi ʻoni-ʻulaʻula. I ka hoʻohui, ʻo ka papu pengu ka loa ʻoi loa i kahi kūpeʻe lōʻihi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā penguins ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka manu keleawe he manu manu nani ia e noho nei ma ka konohola. He manu keʻokeʻo kēia manu me kahi beak ʻeleʻele a me nā maka ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokumu ʻia i nā crustaceans, Antarctic krill, squid. E ʻoi aku ka makemake e hana i nā ness ma nā mauna kuahiwi.
ʻO kahi manu kila nui, he manu ia i kona helehelena ʻaʻole e like me ke kele meli. He hina nā hua o kona plusage, e hānai i ka iʻa, a i kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke huki i nā ʻikena.
I waena o nā manu, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka cormorant puru-eyed Antigctic, ke keʻokeʻo keokeo, ke ʻala albatross.
Nā holoholona ʻē aʻe
Kahiāila lau ka Antartika ma ka Moana Hema. He mau loko liʻiliʻi nona ia i nā meaʻai ʻaʻai no ka hapanui o nā momi, nā iʻa a me nā manu o Antarctica. ʻO kona lōʻihi he 6 cm, ke kaumaha - 2 g, a me ke manaʻolana i ke ola - a hiki i ka 6 makahiki.
Kuhi. 3. krill Antartika.
Ma Antarctica, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o nā pepeke manu ʻole. ʻO kēia ʻo Belgica Antarctica, kahi pepeke ʻeleʻele ia. Kōkua ke kala ʻili i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka wela, a pēlā e ola ai i nā wela sub-zero. ʻO ka mahana nui loa e hiki ai i ka inika ke kū i kahi -15 tikeri.
Hoʻokomo ʻia
ʻO ka invertebrates e hōʻike ʻia e nā arthropods (nā pepeke a me nā arachnids), rotifers, tardigrades (Acaruncus antarcticus) a me nā nematodes e noho i nā lepo. ʻO ka Antarctic zooplankton, ma mua o krill, kū a pololei ʻole paha, ke kumu o ka pāʻina meaʻai o nā ʻano he nui o ka iʻa, cetaceans, pūahi, nā alima, nā kolo a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. I nā loko wai wai o nā awelika o nā kaona o nā konika - "mau awāwa maloʻo" - aia kekahi mauʻōmaʻomaʻo oligotrophic i noho ʻia e nā algae uliuli-ʻula, nā pōpōpō, nā copepods (cyclops) a me daphnia.
ʻO ka fauna Antartika o nā arthropod, i ʻike ʻia nā mokupuni ʻo Antartika (hema o 60 ° S), ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o 130 mau ʻano: ka ʻehā (67 mau ʻano), ʻo Collembola (19), nā kika (37), nā kīnika (4), nā kiki (1), nā mika (2) . ^ E Ha yM. O kēia mau mea, he 54 nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Maxillofacial
M? Hulu o Collembole Kūkulu antarcticus Cryptopygus, noho ma waena o nā mosses a me nā lichens, kahi e hānai ai i ka detritus. Ka nānā ʻana Gressittacantha terranova loaʻa ma Victoria Land. I ka holoʻokoʻa, ma ka Antarctic, e noʻonoʻo ai i ka Antartika Peninsula (ma kona kahakai komohana, ʻO Friesea grisea, Kūkulu antarcticus, ʻO Tullbergia mediantarctica, Parisotoma octooculata, Archisotoma brucei) nā mokupuni ʻo AntartikaTullbergia antarctica, Tullbergia mixta) loaʻa iā 17 mau ʻano collembolas mai 13 genera o 4 ʻohana. ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o lākou he endemic kūloko. ʻO Friesea grisea ua loaʻa ma kahi o ka mokuahi Antartika Russian ma Molodezhnaya.
Iniseti
- Antartika Belgica - nā melemele manuahi ʻole kīlea mai ka ʻohana Chironomidae (detachment dipterous). Peninsula Antartika o Antartika (mai ke kai kai i 150 m, hema a 64 ° S). ʻO kēia mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo Antarctic i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻāina nui loa, ʻaʻole haʻalele i ka honua, nā holoholona o Antartika.
- ʻO ka antarcticus Glaciopsyllus - kekahi ʻohana lekiʻi mai ka ʻohana Ceratophyllidae e kīkēkē ana i nā pua ʻōlima ʻO nā huila huila Fulmarus (genus Stupid), ma luna o ka pahu hauPagodroma nivea) Ke kaʻaila Antarctic (Thalassoica antarctica), Cape Dove (Hoʻolaha pāpālua) a me nā pōpō o Wilson (Moana nui moana) .
Hona
ʻAʻohe kamaʻāina e noho nei i kēia manawa ma Antarctica. Eia nō naʻe, aia he nui o nā kikowaena noiʻi ma kahi o ka nui o nā mea noiʻi mai ka 1000 o ka hoʻoilo a hiki i ka 4000 i ke kauwela (aia ma kahi o 150 mau kānaka o Lūkini ma 7 mau kahua).
ʻO ka mea mua e hānau ʻia ma ka Antarctic hiki ke kapa ʻia [ hoakaka ] ʻO Norwegian Solveig Gunbjorg Jacobsen, i hānau ʻia ma ka noho ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku ʻo Gryutviken ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia ma 8 ʻOkakopa 1913.
ʻO ka mea i hānau mua ma ʻAle Antikaika ʻoi iho ka manaʻo o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻo Palma (Ianuali 7, 1978, ma ka hale polar "Esperanza").
Nā Dinosaur Antartika
ʻO ka dinosaur mua i loaʻa ma Antarctica i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1986: ankylosaurus Antarctopelta . ^ E Ha yM. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa kekahi mau mea kīʻaha o nā dinosaur, aia ka mea ma muli o ka mea e pili ana i ka 98% o ka aniani o Antarctica i lalo o ka hau. Ka hapanui paha ka hapa nui o nā foss. ʻO ia ke kumu no ka loaʻa ʻole o nā inoa ʻepekema o lākou. Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Ross, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau o Antarctica, ua loaʻa nā koena o nā ankylosaurs a me nā dinosaurs mai ka pūʻulu o gypsylophodontids Ma ka mokupuni o Vega, ua loaʻa ka dinosaur mai ka hui hadrosaur. I ka makahiki 1991, ma Antarctica, ma ka pali o ka mauna ʻo Kilpatrick, ua loaʻa nā koena o kahi prozavropod, a me ka aropod o kahi cryolophosaurus, he lōʻihi o ʻehiku mau ka loa a he crest kona poʻo. 20 cm ākea.
Uila paila Hema
ʻO ka petrel ʻōlepa hema he manu hopu ʻia mai ka ʻohana petrel. ʻO ko lākou paona he 5 kg a ʻo ke lōʻihi o ke kino he 87 cm.ʻO nā ʻēheu ka like mai ka 180 a 205 cm.
ʻO ka papa ʻai ʻana i nā kupapaʻu o nā kolo a me nā penguins, carrion, squid, krill, crustaceans, a me nā wahi mai ka waʻa a me nā waʻa lawaiʻa paha.
ʻO ka pinepine loa e loaʻa i kēia mau manu ma nā mokupuni Antartika a me subantarctic. E pili ana i ka ʻāina ākea ma nā mokupuni ʻo Falkland.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Launa o Antartika nona kona mōʻaukala ponoʻī. Ma nā wahi mamao aku, ʻo ka poʻe dinosaurs i noho ma ka ʻāina. Akā i kēia lā ʻaʻole loa nā inikini ma muli o ka makani anuanu.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻole pili ʻo Antarctica i kekahi mokuʻāina i ka honua. He pilikia ole ka honua kūlohelohe ma aneʻi! ʻAʻole hopohopo nā holoholona maʻa i ka poʻe, hopohopo no lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka weliweli mai ka mea nāna i ʻike wale i kēia ao kupaianaha i mau haneli mau makahiki i hala.
Nui Nā holoholona Antartika migratory - ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke noho i kahi ʻano ʻino. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻāina i nā wānana heʻe wāwae ʻehā ma luna. ʻO nā momi manu, nā pinnipeds, nā manu nui - ia Nā holoholona Antartika. Wikiō e hōʻike ana i ka pili ʻana o ke ola o ka poʻe noho a pau me ke kahakai o ka moana a me nā kīʻaha wai o ka ʻāina.
ʻO Zooplankton, ka mea waiwai i ka wai a puni ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka ʻai nui no ka poʻe noho no nā penguins, nā kamaʻāina kamaʻāina o Antarctica a i nā kohola.
Blue, a ʻulaʻula paha, aʻa (vomiting)
ʻO ka holoholona nui loa i kaupaona ʻia he awelika o 100-150 tons, lōʻihi ke kino a hiki i 35 mika. ʻO ke kumu kaupaona e pili ana i 16 ʻona. ʻAi nā kānaka aʻai i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, nā nui i ka wai kai kai. ʻO nā honu wale nō i kēlā lā, e ʻai i ka kohola i 4 miliona.
Ma ka puʻuwai o ka meaʻai - pinepine ka plankton. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana kānana i hoʻomakeʻa ʻia e nā papa whalebone e lūlū i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā kohola ʻulaʻula kekahi o nā cephalopods a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ke krillace, nā ʻiʻo nunui. Lawe ka ʻōpū o ke kohola i ka meaʻai a hiki i ka 2 tons.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo o ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū ma nā lōlio o ka ʻili, e ʻōlaʻi ana i ka wā e ʻaʻī ana i ka meaʻai me ka wai, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā ʻano hydrodynamic o ke kohola.
ʻOluʻolu, ʻāhā, nāwaliwali nā ʻōpū. Hoʻouka nui ka hoʻolohe a me ka pā. Ua mālama wale ʻia nā kohola. I kekahi manawa ma nā wahi waiwai i ka meaʻai, ʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu o nā kanaka nunui 3-4, akā hoʻomaikaʻi ka holoholona.
Hoʻololi ka hohonu hohonu i kahi 200-500 m me kahi diving pōkole. ʻO ka huakaʻi hele ke hele ma kahi o 35-45 km / h. He mea hiki ʻole i nā ʻenemi ke loaʻa i nā ʻenemi. Akā ua hōʻeha ʻia nā hōʻuluʻulu hipa o nā kohola makeʻe i nā kānaka pākahi.
Humpback Whale (Humpback)
ʻO ka hapa ka hapalua o ke kohola uliuli, akā ʻo kahi hana pilikino e hoʻoweliweli nui loa i nā mea kokoke i kahi holoholona hihiu. Hoʻokomo pū ʻo Gorbach i nā moku liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka paona o hoʻokahi kanaka e like me 35-45 tons.
Ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa no ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka ʻauʻau. Noho nā Humpbacks i nā pā, kahi i kūlike ai nā pūʻulu o 4-5 mau kanaka. Ke kala o nā holoholona mai ka eleele a me ke keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele ke kua, ʻōpū a me nā wahi keʻokeʻo. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Noho ka uola ma ka wai kahakai a he lau wale i ka moana i ka wā hele. E wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o Swimmer ma kahi o 30 km / h. Hoʻohana ka hohonu i ka 300 m ka hoʻohalike ʻana me ka ʻike ma ka ʻaoʻao ma kahi o ka holoholona e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka wai i ka wā e hanu nei i loko o kahi punawai a hiki i 3 m. Holo i luna o ka wai, nā wai uila, nā hiʻi wikiwiki, ke manaʻo nui e hana i nā pōpoki e noho ana ma kāna ʻili.
Hiki i ka koholā ke kīlei i ke koena o ka krill i kēlā me kēia lā
Seyval (ivas kohola)
Kahi kohola minke kahe a hiki i ka 17-20 m ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku a hiki i 30 tons. Heʻeleʻele ka hope, he ʻaoʻao i nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻula māmā, ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hapaha o ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona ke poʻo. ʻO ka papa meaʻai nui ka polock, cephalopods, nā mea nona ka maka aniani.
Ma hope o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ke kohola ʻulaʻula, ua lilo ka mea salvage no kekahi manawa i nā ʻano alakaʻi manuahi. Ano ua papaia i ka pale ana. Noho wale nā holoholona, i kekahi manawa he mau pūʻulu. Ma waena o nā kohola e hoʻomohala nei lākou i ka wikiwiki o ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 55 km / h, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke pakele mai nā pepehi koholā pepehi
Finwal
ʻO ka kohola ʻo ka lua nui loa, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ahulau. Noho nā momi i nā makahiki 90-95. Ma ke koholā ua 25 m ke lōʻihi a kaupaona a he 70 mau ʻona.ʻeleʻeleʻele ka ʻili, akā māmā ka ʻōpū. Ma ke kino, e like me nā mau kohola, he nui nā puʻu e hāʻawi nui ai i ka ʻāʻī e wehe i ka wā e hopu ai i ka waiwai pio.
Kūpono ka hopena o nā kaulike a hiki i 45 km / h, plunge a i 250 m, akā i kahi hohonu o nā manawa ʻaʻole he 15 mau minuke. Ua piʻi nā pūnāwai o lākou ma 6 m i ka wā i piʻi aku ai nā ʻīlio.
Noho ka loko i nā pūʻulu o 6-10 pākahi. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā meaʻai i ka nui o nā holoholona i loko. I loko o ka meaʻai, nā puaa, sardines, capelin, nā poloka. Puhi lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ka ahu a hoʻolō iā ia me ka wai. A hiki i ka 2 ʻona mau mea ola e hoʻopono ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Hele mai ka kamaʻilio ma waena o nā kohola me ke kōkua o nā leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Lohe ʻia lākou i kēlā me kēia haneli mau kilomita mamao.
Nā koholā i nā ʻāpana o ka hau a ka hau ma Antartika.
Pale kohola
Hōʻeha ka mamalia nunui i nā kānaka noho ʻole e hoʻowalewale ʻia me nā kaila hoʻokiʻoki ikaika: nā kohola, nā kaiāhi, nā kēhe hulu manu, a me nā kohola sperm. Kū mai ka inoa mai ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kahi kālā kiʻekiʻe me kahi kihi ʻihi a me kahi mea ʻokiʻoki.
ʻO nā ʻiole Carnivorous mai nā ʻohana he ʻokoʻa a ʻulaʻula a me keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā kua a me nā ʻaoʻao, a ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻūhā, ma ka ʻōpū o ke kaula, ma luna o nā maka he wahi keʻokeʻo. Pīwī ʻia ke poʻo mai luna mai, nā niho i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka haehae. I ka lōʻihi, hiki i nā kānaka 9-10 m.
ʻO ka laulā ka nui o nā kohola luku. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e pili ana i nā wahi o nā kuʻuna a me nā kohu huki. He mea ʻāʻule nui loa nā kohola pepehi kanaka. I kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ka pono o ka meaʻai a hiki i ka 150 kg. Ma ka huki manu, he mea waiwai nui lākou: huna lākou ma hope o nā alakaʻi, huli i nā lua a me nā pengu e hoʻolei iā lākou i loko o ka wai.
Ua hoʻouka ʻia nā holoholona nui e nā ʻohana āpau. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā kohola e kū aʻe i luna, a holo i nā kohola sperm. I kā lākou ʻohana, nā mea make ʻapo makeke aloha a mālama pono i nā ʻohana maʻi ʻole a i ʻole nā mākua.
Ke holo manu, kuhi ʻia nā koholā i kā lākou ʻele e hoʻopaʻa i ka iʻa
Nā kohola sperm
ʻO nā holoholona nui a hiki i 20 m, kahi e hana ai ke poʻo i ka hapakolu o ke kino. ʻO ka helehelena ʻokoʻa ʻaʻole e ʻae iā ʻoe e hilahila i ka pīpī sperm me kekahi mea'ē aʻe. Ma ke kaupaona ke aneane 50 tons. I waena o nā kohola pipi, ʻo ka pīpī sperm ka nui loa.
No ka waiwai, ka mea i ʻimi ʻia e echolocation, e piʻi a hala i 2 km. E ʻai ana i nā octopuses, iʻa, cumi. Aia a lōʻihi i ka hola a me ka hapa ma lalo o ka wai. He maikaʻi kāna hoʻolohe ʻana.
Noho nā kohola Sperm i nā ʻohana he nui o nā haneli. ʻAʻole lākou he ʻenemi, he wale nō nā koholā i make i nā holoholona ʻōpio a i nā wahine paha. Nui ʻinoʻino ka whale Sperm ma kahi kūlana paʻakikī. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ka wā i hoʻomau ai nā holoholona iʻa i nā lawaiʻa a me nā wahi a nā moku.
Palapala kū i kūlike
Kahi nā kohola nui me ka lae nui a me kahi beak conical. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i kahi hohonu i loko o ka wai a hiki iā lākou ke piʻi a hiki i 1 hola. Hana lākou i nā kani kani o nā cetaceans: kūpeʻe, kūmole. Ke kuʻi ʻana i ka huelo ma o ka wai e hoʻoili i nā hōʻailona i nā ʻohana.
Noho lākou i nā hipa o 5-6 pākahi, kahi e noho aliʻi ai nā kāne. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mea i hōʻea i 9 m, ke kaupaona maʻamau o 7-8 tons.ʻO ka hānai nui o ka bottlenose - cephalopods, squids, iʻa.
Nā kohu
Ua kamaʻilio ʻia ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Antarctica i ke kai anuanu. ʻO kahi papa o nā momona, nā lauoho palaka ma ke kino, e like me ka ʻili, e pale i nā holoholona. ʻAʻohe mau auricles i kēlā me kēia, akā ʻaʻole kuli nā kai, lohe maikaʻi ia i ka wai.
ʻO nā ʻōkala i kā lākou hana a me nā ʻano hana e like me ka pilina waena ma waena o ka ʻāina a me nā holoholona moana. ʻO nā peni, he mau membranes, he ʻokoʻa i ka palahala. A hānau lākou i kā lākou pēpē ma luna o ka ʻāina a aʻo e ʻauʻau!
Nā holoholona Antartika i ka kiʻi ka hopu pinepine ʻia i ka wā i puhi ai lākou i ka lā, moe ma kahakai a kolo paha i ka hau hau. Ma ka papa, e neʻe ka huki i nā hua, e huki i ke kino me nā pua. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, nā ʻosopa. Aia nā kohu i kekahi mau momi moʻo moana.
Kai Keaka
ʻO kekahi holoholona nui, a hiki i 5 m lōʻihi, ke kaupaona nei ʻo 2.5 mau māka ma ka muzzle aia kahi pānaʻi kupaianaha, e like me ka ʻeke o kahi elephant, kahi i hāʻawi ai i ka inoa i nā mamalia. Ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia i mea momona ma lalo o kona ʻili ma mua o ka ʻai. I ka wā o ka neʻe, lulu ke kino e like me ka jelly.
Nā mea maikaʻi - hoʻopau i ka 500 m no 20-30 mau minuke. ʻIke ʻia nā elepana o ke kai no nā pāʻani pili i ka maʻi ma kahi e hōʻino ʻia ai kekahi. ʻAi lākou i ka squid, udam, iʻa.
ʻO kahi hōʻailona Ross
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi holoholona. Pipi aku ʻo ia i nā wahi hiki ʻole ke mālama iā ia wale nō, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e hopohopo i nā kānaka, e ʻae ʻo ia i kahi mea kokoke iā ia. ʻO nā nui ma waena o nā hoahānau he mea maʻalahi loa: ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i 200 kg, lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana iā 2 m.
Nui nā laha ma ka ʻāʻī, kahi e huki ai ke poʻo i kona poʻo a lilo i huakaʻi i ke paepae puni. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻele o ke kapa o ka'āpana me kahi kala haʻahaʻa. Mālamua ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokani leo ka momona a me ke kakā. Hana i nā leo melodic. I loko o nā meaʻai, nā kopa, nā ʻōpala, nā cephalopods ʻē aʻe.
Pikiu Emepera
ʻO ka mea e mahalo nui ʻia i ka ʻohana penguin. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka manu e pili ana iā 120 cm, paʻu 40-45 kg. Pahuʻula pinepine ka kala o ke kua, a he keʻokeʻo ka umauma, ʻo ia kahi kala i loko o ka wai e kōkua ai i ka mask. Ma ka ʻāʻī a me nā pāpālina o ka hui pengu emperor, mau ʻeleʻele-ʻoniʻula. ʻAʻole lilo koke kēlā mau penguins nani. Hoʻopili mua ʻia nā pua ma ka hina a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻāhinahina.
Hōʻalo ka Penguins i nā pūʻulu, e hoʻouka ana i kahi kula o ka iʻa a hopu i nā mea āpau e hele mai i mua. ʻAi ʻia ka nui o ka ʻai nui i kahakai, ʻai ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka wai. I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, ua lanakila lākou ma waena o nā mamao nui, plunge a 500 m.
Pono e puhi ʻia ka pūnaewele dive, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu ke ʻike ma mua o ka lohe. ʻO ka holo huakaʻi hele e like me 3-6 km / h. Ma lalo o ka wai e hiki ke lilo ʻole i ka ea no 15 mau minuke.
Noho nā Penguins i nā kolone, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i ka 10,000 kanaka. Ua mahana lākou i nā pūʻulu pōkole, i loko e piʻi ai ke mahana a hoʻohui i 35 ° С me ke aniani o waho ma minima 20 ° С.
Hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā neʻe mau o nā ʻohana mai ka pihi o ka pūʻulu i waena o ia mea ʻaʻole i manuahi kekahi. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pelu he mau kohola pepehi kanaka, nā lepona moana. ʻOi a ʻaihue mau ʻāla a i nā skuas eʻa i nā hua manu mai nā manu.
Noho ʻo nā penguins Emperor i nā pōlio e ola i ka makani me ka makani
Aliʻi Pōhaku
He like ke helehelena me ka hoahānau imperial, akā iʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui, ʻōmaʻomaʻo loa ke kelepona. Ma ke poʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma ka umauma, ʻulaʻulaʻula o ka ʻāpana saturated. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. ʻEleʻele ka hope, ʻeleʻele. Kāleʻele nā miki. Hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā kākia paʻakikī, ma waena o nā pali i puhi ʻia e nā makani.
Adelie Penguins
ʻO ka nui o nā manu e 60-80 cm, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 6 kg. ʻEleʻele ʻili o luna, ka ʻōpū ʻōpū. ʻO ka puni ʻana o ka maka he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohui nā kolana i nā hapalua miliona miliona manu.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā penguins ka mea i nānā i ka ʻāʻelemakule, hoʻomākeo, ʻekumele. Kēia maopopo kēia i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻuʻuku, i ka wā e aihue mau ai nā kumu poʻomanaʻo e nā hoalauna. Piha ka ʻōlehu manu. ʻAʻole e like me nā hoahānau pili hilahila o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo Adele ka manu lele gullible. I ka naʻau o ka meaʻai he krill. E piʻi a hiki i 2 kg o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻIke mau ʻo Adélie penguins i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wahi huna like a me ka hoa like
Kealiʻi Kahua (Penguin Dandy)
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka inoa i ke ʻano he nui o nā hulu ʻulaʻula ma luna o ke poʻo ma luna o nā maka. E maʻalahi ka crest e hōʻike i ka dandy. ʻO ka ulu lāʻau e like me 70-80 cm.ʻO nā kolone e hōʻiliʻili a hiki i 60,000 mau kanaka.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo a nā kūloʻā a me nā kūlohelohe e kōkua i ke kamaʻilio. Noho ʻo Penguin dandy ma Antartika, kahi i loaʻa ai ka wai.
Kenela hake
ʻO kahi mea e lele lele nei e hānai ana ʻaʻole wale me ka iʻa, akā pū kekahi me nā penguins. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hōʻole i ke kalai inā ʻike ʻo ia i nā kalapu o nā silaono a i ʻole nā momi ʻē aʻe. Koho ma nā mokupuni ʻo Antartika.
ʻO nā eheu nui o nā manu slate-hina, kokoke i 3 m, e hoʻohoka ana i nā huakaʻi ikaika. Loaʻa kā lākou ʻike i kā lākou wahi kama'āina no nā mau mile he mau tausani! ʻIke lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika o ka makani a hiki iā lākou ke lele ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
Ua kapa aku nā poʻe mākaʻi i nā manu "stinkers" no kahi ʻono maikaʻi ʻole, kahi ʻano ka pale mai ka ʻenemi. ʻO kekahi pēpē i loko o kahi pūnana e hiki ai ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi pahu wai o ka wai me ka ʻehā pungent inā manaʻo he pōpilikia. ʻO ka ikaika, hoʻonāukiuki, hōʻike ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou mai ka hānau ʻana.
Albatrosses
Nā manu manu nunui me nā ʻēheu o 4 m, ke lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 130 cm. Ma ka mokulele, ua like lākou me nā pua ākea. E hauʻoli nui i nā mea like ʻole: ka lewa a me ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina ka neʻe ʻole ʻana lākou a huki, a neʻe ka nalu mai ka wāwae aku a i ʻole ka pōpō. ʻIke ʻia lākou e nā poʻe holo moku e like me nā moku e holo pū ana - aia kekahi mea e hānai iā lākou iho mai ka ʻōpala.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Albatrosses he mau kau hele mau loa no ka mea ʻimi lākou i nā moʻolelo o ke kai, e ʻimi ana i ka waiwai. Hiki iā lākou ke holo i nā iʻa no ka hohonu o ka m 5 m.ʻa lākou i pīhoihoi ma nā mokupuni. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā kāne no ke ola, a he lōʻihi lākou, a hiki i ka 50 makahiki.
Skuas Nui
Manuahi Antarctic, pili i kahi seagull. ʻO ke anhi ka lōʻihi a 40 cm ka lōʻihi e lele maikaʻi ana, mākaukau e wikiwiki a e hoʻolei ana i ka holo. Hiki iā ia ke lulu i ka wahi, ke lele nei i nā eheu, huli koke, wikiwiki i ka mea pio.
Ua neʻe maikaʻi ʻia i ka ʻili. ʻO nā hānai i nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā moa ʻē aʻe, nā holoholona, ʻaʻole i pale i ka ʻōpala. ʻO Robbery, lawe i nā iʻa mai nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wikiwiki hoʻi. He ʻoluʻolu a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka pae haʻahaʻa.
Loaʻa nā ʻēheu Skua i ka 140 cm
Wili a Wilson
ʻO kahi manu ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kai lawehala no ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona lele. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i 15-19 cm, nā ʻēheu a hiki i ke 40 cm. ʻO ko lākou huli, wikiwiki i ka lewa i ka lewa, he kīwaha, ʻōlelo māmā
I kekahi manawa makemake lākou e noho i luna o ka wai, e ʻani ana me nā wāwae lōʻihi ma ka ʻihi. ʻO nā manamana lima e like me ka pili ʻana me ka membrane melemele. No lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā mea liʻiliʻi, nāu diving, i ka 15-20 cm He ʻākoakoa lākou i nā kolana ma luna o nā pōhaku, e pili ana ma laila.
Ua maopopo nā mea a pau nā holoholona e noho ana ma Antarctica, - Hiki i ka mea ikaika wale ke noho ma ka konenika me nā permafrost a me nā bask ma ke kai hemo. ʻO ka honua kūlohelohe e hōʻalo nei i ka nāwaliwali.
Akā ʻike pono nā mea kupanaha he nui nā holoholona i loko o kā lākou mau ʻano he aloha a mālama pono i nā ʻohana. Hoʻohui like lākou i ka ʻaoʻao waho. ʻO kā lākou mea aloha wale nō a me nā kula nui he lākou e mālama i ke ola ma ka Aniani a me ka hoʻohilahila.
Penguin Subantarctic
ʻO ke kalua ʻo Subantarctic, ʻo ia hoʻi i kapa ʻia he pēpake papuan. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia e kona ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ākea e holo ana ma luna o kona poʻo a me kona kaho ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa kēia ʻano holoholona i nā wāwae ʻehā, a ʻo kahi huelo lōʻihi ʻoi aku ka nani i waena o nā penguins āpau.
Pihi ka popo papani i ke kiʻekiʻe o 51 a 90 cm, e hoʻonoho iā lākou i ke kolu o ka nui penguin nui, ma hope o nā ʻano nui he nui: emperor and King penguins. He koʻikoʻi ka paona ʻo 8 mau kekona, ma mua o ka molting, a me ke kaupaona haʻahaʻa ma kahi o 4.9 kg, ma mua o ka moe ʻana. I nā wahine, ke kaupaona ka paona mai 4.5 a 8.2 kg. ʻO kēia ʻano ka wikiwiki loa ma lalo o ka wai, e hoʻomohala ana i kahi wikiwiki a hiki i 36 km / h. Hoʻohui maikaʻi loa lākou ma nā kūlana kiki koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻohana nui nā kahu kime subantarctic i nā crustaceans, a ʻo ka iʻa he iwakālua wale nō o 15% o ka meaʻai.
Antartika krill
He kuʻāina ʻo Antartika krill i ke kauoha Euphausian, ka mea maʻamau i nā wai Antartika o ka Moana Hema. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kēia e noho ana ma nā pūʻulu nui, i kekahi manawa i ke kaulike o 10,000-30000 kanaka hoʻokahi no ka pākeke kubita. Hoʻohana ʻo Krill i ka phytoplankton. Hoʻoulu ia i 6 cm ka lōʻihi, kaupaona a hiki i 2 g, a hiki ke ola no nā makahiki ʻeono. ʻO Krill kekahi o nā mea nui i ka ʻĀkoʻenehana o Antarctica a, ma ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hakahaka, ʻo ia paha nā holoholona nui o nā holoholona ma ka honua (he 500 miliona mau tons, ka mea e pili ana i ka 300-400 trillion kanaka).
Antartika Belgica
ʻO Belarica antarctica ka inoa Latin no ka mau manu manuahi lele ʻole e lele i ka hopena ma Antarctica. ʻO kona lōʻihi a 2-6 mm.
He ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele kēia pepeke, no ka mea ua hiki ke komo i ka wela no ke ola ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi pū i nā hoʻololi i ka hoʻonaninani a me ka pH, a ola me ke ʻole oxygen no 2-4 mau pule. Ma nā haʻahaʻa ma lalo - 15 ° C, make a Belgica antarctica.
