ʻO ka bream, e like me ka mea a ka poʻe āpau e ʻike, no ka ʻohana o nā cyprinids (kopiinidae). I loko o kēia 'ohana nui - e pili ana i ʻelua a me ka hapa kau mau kaukani - ua helu' ia ka bream he subfamily o elts (Leuciscinae). ʻO nā hoahānau pili kokoke loa: nā maka-ʻili, bluebill, bream hiriwa, dace, rudd, roach, podust a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ʻike kaulana ʻole.

Hoʻopapa ākea ʻo Kouinid i ka honua holoʻokoʻa (ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia lākou ma ʻAmelika Hema wale nō), akā ʻaʻole ka palena o ka bream i waho aʻe o nā palena o ka Honua Mua. Ma aneane e noho nei ma kahi āpau i nā muliwai, nā loko a me nā wahi i ʻike ʻia o ke Komohana, Baltic, Keʻokeʻo (a Pechora), Aegean, ʻUle, Azov, Caspian a me nā kai ʻo Aral. I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i hele ka uaki o ka bream ma mua ma mua o nā mauna Ural, akā i ka makahiki 1950-1919. ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kahawai ʻo Ural, i loko o ke awāwa o Ob a me Irtysh, i loko o ka Yenisei, Lena a me ka pā Baikal-Angarsk.

Ma ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka Dnieper, Don a me Volga, ʻano ʻelua nā ʻāpana o ka bream - ka noho a me ka semi-aisle. Hoʻomaʻa ka hope i ka moana a me nā ʻuʻuku i lalo o ka muliwai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o kēia pae, i loko o Central Asia, he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, lōʻihi, Reed-bream.

E noho ana ka bream a hiki i 20 mau makahiki, hiki ke lōʻihi i ka 75-80 cm a me kahi ākea o ka 6-9 kg. ʻOi aku ka makemake iā Bream e noho lohi ma nā kahawai kahe, i loko o nā loko a me nā kahe. ʻO ka hapanui lākou e hānai ana i nā invertebrates haʻahaʻa (ulia manuahi, mollusks, ʻōpala, crustaceans), akā i ka manawa like hiki iā lākou ke hānai pono i ka zooplankton liʻiliʻi loa. Hiki i kekahi waha e hoʻihoʻi i ka bream e hoʻoili i ka meaʻai mai ka lepo a i ka hohonu o 5-10 cm.

Hoʻopilikia ka spawning i ka bream i kahi mahana wai o 12-14 kiʻekiʻe. I ka hema - mai ka lāʻApelila a hiki i kakahiaka o Iune, i ke kūkulu ʻākau - i Mei-Iune.

Nui kekahi iʻa ma Lūkini e like me like bream. I waena o lākou ʻo kāna mau hoahānau pili ponoʻī (ʻūnū, ʻulaʻula, ʻōpiopio, ʻoi aku ka nui) a me nā manu lele (black and white Amur bream).

Kamalani O Keaukaha (Abramis sapa)

Paipai ʻia ke kino ma mua o ka bream. He convex mānoʻomaʻo, waha ke kāohi, hapa haʻahaʻa. ʻAno hina ke kala. He hina nā kahunaka, ʻaʻohe uku - me nā kihi ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka pahu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka caudal fin elongated.

ʻO nā niho pharyngeal laina mua. Ke noho nei nā noho maʻamau i nā muliwai o ka ʻEleʻele a me Caspian Seas: nā kīlaha Danube (a hiki i Wina), ka Dniester, Prut, Bug, Dnieper, Don, Kuban, Volga, Kama, Vyatka, Urals. Ma mua i hālāwai ai ma Volga i kona palena kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Tvertsa, Lake Seliger), akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke nalo, inā ʻaʻole ia i nalo i kekahi, ʻaʻole i ka muliwai ʻo Moscow. E keokeo keʻokeʻo i ka muliwai. ʻO Volkhov a me ʻO ka Volkhov Bay o Lake Ladoga. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia me nā mele ma nā muliwai Vychegda a me Severnaya Dvina.

E hōʻea i nā makahiki 7-8 mau makahiki, lōʻihi 41 cm a me ke kaumaha 0.8 kg.

Gustera (Blicca bjoerkna)

Ke kiʻekiʻe ke kino, a me kahi pu kumu kupanaha. Kūʻai ikaika ʻia ka lua caudal, ʻo kona mau lobes he like me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo, nui iki ka maka. ʻO ka waha he oblique, hapalua-liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi. Aia ma hope o nā loina ventral he keel i uhi ʻole ʻia i nā pauna. Ma ke kua ma hope o ke poʻo, ʻaʻole i pili ka mau unahi mai nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, a ʻo ka puʻu ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me nā puka ʻoka ma ke poʻo o ke kua. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pale ma ke kua o ke poʻo i ka nui o ka bream. He mānoanoa nā pāpaʻi, paʻa a kūpono, mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao i luna a ʻaʻole e emi i ka nui. ʻAno hina ka poli, ʻo ka pectoral a me ka ventral ma ke kumu he ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā niho Pharyngeal ʻelua mau lālani.

Kahele nui ʻia i ʻEulopa ma ka hikina o ka Pyrenees a me ke komohana o nā Alps a me nā Balkans. Noho ʻo ia ma nā kahe a me nā kahe o nā ʻōpū o ke Komohana, Baltic, ʻ Blackleʻele, Azov a me Caspian moana. I ke kahakai ʻo Ke keʻokeʻo ke kai, ʻike ʻia ka bream i nā loko o nā kahawai kahawai ʻo Onega a me Northern Dvina, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā moʻolelo o ka Northern Dvina a me kāna mau kaʻi.

Loaʻa ʻaʻole ola ma mua o 15 mau makahiki, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 35 cm a me ka lehulehu o 1,2 kg.

Nā Lehua (Abramis ballerus)

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka bream. ʻO ka manawa pōkole loa ka caudal peduncle. Koi ikaika ʻia ka lua caudal; ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā mākaʻi. Ke kukui kaila maʻamau, maʻamau i ka pelagic: he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, kahi ʻāpana o ke kino polū a he uliuli, he keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā niho pharyngeal laina mua.

Noho ia ma ʻEulopa mai ka Rhine hikina a hiki i nā Urals. E hele ana ka mokuna ʻākau i ka ʻaoʻao o South Karelia, aia ma Syamozero a me nā loko ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōpū muliwai. Shui, a i Vodlozero pū kekahi. Ua helu ʻia nā mea hewa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Arkhangelsk (ke kīʻaha o ke kahawai ʻo Onega). Aia no ma Volkhov, Ilmen, ka aoao hema o Lake Ladoga, Neva, Narova, ma na aoao hema o Finland ame Sweden. Ma ka waihona ʻoga Volga, mai lalo aku a hiki i luna, ʻoi aku ka nui i nā waihona kō, a me ka nui loa i Rybinsk.

Loaʻa i nā makahiki 9-10 mau makahiki, lōʻihi 45 cm a me ke kaumaha 600 g.

ʻEleʻeleAmurhoʻōla(Megalobrama terminalis)

Kū ke kua ma hope o ke kua o ke poʻo i loko o ka puahiwi. ʻEleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kua, ʻaoʻao, ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana a pau. Pōʻeleʻele ka lā o nā maka. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo. Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha, paʻa. Ma hope o ka ventral fins keel, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me nā unahi. ʻO nā niho pharyngeal ʻekolu lālani. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pūpū he 150% i ka lōʻihi o ke kino.

Mahele: ʻo Asia Hikina, mai ka punahele ʻo Amur ma ka ʻākau a hiki i South China (Canton) ma ka hema. Ma luna ka Amur e piʻi i luna ʻo Blagoveshchensk, a hele i Novo-Ilyinovka. Aia ma Sungari, Ussuri a me ka Lake. Hanka. ʻIa pinepine ʻia ma ka emi ʻana o ka bream keʻokeʻo Amur.

E kipa i ka lōʻihi o 60 cm a me ka nui o 3 kg. Loaʻa ka ola i kahi liʻiliʻi o 10 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka iʻa koʻikoʻi loa, ma nā mea ʻenehana ʻoihana ka mea i ʻoi aku ia ʻoi aku ka ʻoi loa ma mua o nā mea kanu lau. Ua emi iki ka helu, i nā makahiki i hala ua emi loa kēia. Loko o ka wai Hele mai ʻo Hanka i kēia manawa wale nō. E like me nā mea i makaʻu ʻia, ka mea i kākau ʻia ma ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation. ʻO nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o nā helu he nui i hopu ʻia i nā kumu ahi i Kina a me kahi kahe ʻana o nā ʻike wai o ka Amur.

Amur keʻokeʻo fotsy (Parabramis pekinensis)

Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha, paʻa. Ma ka ʻōpū ʻaʻole kaʻoki keleahi mai nā pectoral fins a hiki i kahi kuʻuna. He ʻeleʻele-uliuli a ʻulaʻula paha ke kua, he kālā nā ʻaoʻao a me kona ʻōpū. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka heleʻana a me nā anal fins, dorsal a me caudal. ʻEleʻele nā ​​ʻaoʻao o nā hala āpau. ʻO nā niho pharyngeal ʻekolu lālani. Ekolu ʻāpana palani ʻa ʻekolu.

Nānā ʻia mai ka moku Amur ma ka ʻākau a hiki i South China (Shanghai, Hainan Island) i ka hema. Aia ma ka papu Amur i loaʻa iā ia i waena a i lalo haʻahaʻa; loaʻa ia ma Ussuri, Sungari a me Lake. Hanka. I ka makahiki 1950 Ua lawe ʻia i loko o nā wai wai o Central Āhi (nā basu Amu Darya a me Syr Darya) a me ʻEulopa.

E kipa i ka lōʻihi o 55 cm a me ka lehulehu o 4.1 kg. Noho a hiki i ka 15-16 makahiki.

ʻAʻau like ʻo Hustera a me nā mea lawehala

ʻO ka scavenger kahi ʻōpiopio bream ʻōpiopio, kekahi o nā mea i ʻike nui ʻia e nā lawaiʻa ʻē aʻe. Ka ʻohana o nā cyprinids. Pākuʻi ʻia ka kala kala i ka makahiki a me ka noho. I nā poʻe'ōpiopio, nui nā kala i ke kala-hina, me ke ʻano he gula ia. Mālama ʻia ka scavenger i loko o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i nā wahi nui i ka waiwai kō. Hōʻike pinepine ʻo ia i nā mea akamai a me ka akahele. ʻO ka hoʻoilo Scavengers i nā wahi hohonu ma kahi ma nā kahawai a me kekahi ʻaoʻao i ke kai.

Gustera

Gustera - ʻaʻole e like me ka scavenger i loko o kā mākou waiwai i ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ia wale nō kahi mea ninaninau o ka genus Blicca. Hoʻo ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, i nā ʻohana nui me nā poʻe like like. Hele maikaʻi a hoʻoikaika i ka maunu, ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana a puka i waho i nā pōpoki nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe e kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā hipa. He kala hina ka pāpaʻi.

ʻO nā ʻano o ia iʻa ua like like ʻole me kekahi i ke ʻano o ke kino, ʻāpana ʻoni, a ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā hale waihona puke like. No ia mea, i maʻa ʻole ka kuhihewa na wai, ʻo wai e nānā i kēlā me kēia iʻa i ka kikoʻī.

I ke wikiō hou, hōʻikeʻike ka angler i nā kamaʻilio ma waena o ka bream a me ka bream.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma ke kala a me ke ʻano fin

Kauhoa - He 8 canty a me 3 mau māmā ma nā dorsal fin, 20-24 branchy a me nā 3 māmā maʻalahi ma ka anal anal.

• Pau nā huʻu ʻulaʻula - ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona maopopo loa e pili ana i mua o kou alo, he male ʻole.
• ʻAi ʻole nā ​​kala kala ʻole

Pili - He pālua anal kuhi lōʻihi, ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ke alo o ka dorsal fin.

• Hoʻopiliʻeleʻele nā ​​poli hina hina i nā manawa.
• Ma kahi o 30 mau kukuna ma ka pae anal.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā husters a me nā scammers

ʻO Gustera a me nā mea ʻolua aia ka liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana o nā cyprinids, akā aia ka nui o nā mea like ʻole i loko o lākou, a ʻano maoli kekahi i kēlā me kēia i loko o kahi loiloi o waho.

Pono ʻoe e ʻike ʻaʻole e ulu ka bream ma mua o 35-36 cm me ke paona o 1,2 kilograms (ʻaʻohe oʻu loaʻa i kahi hopu ʻia), a hiki i ka bream ka 75-77 cm lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻana he nui a 6-7 kilos.

Akā e hilahila paha kahi mea kina mua i ka wī.

Nā peni

Me nā fins, aia kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻuha a ʻaʻole e hele ʻole ʻia me ka bream mai ka scavenger.

ʻAno ʻele ʻole a ʻulaʻula paha nā poli mau no nā ʻūhā, a hina hina a ʻeleʻele hoʻi no ka bream a i kahi ʻulu.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka huelo e hoʻopiʻi ma luna o ka lāʻau, a ma mua hoʻi o ke anal, ʻokoʻa i ka nui o nā ʻōwili. ʻO ka bream he nui o lākou.

Paele

Ma nā kākahi o kēia mau iʻa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa. No laila, i ka husters, nā kinipōpō o nā huluhulu ʻelua o nā ʻāpana a aia kahi aniani i waena o lākou.

A no ka scavenger (bream), ʻoi aku ka pōkole o luna ma mua o ka lalo a ʻo ke ʻokiʻoki hoʻi ma nā kihi ʻono kūpono.

ʻO kekahi hōʻailona hou e pehea e wehe ai i kahi hiʻona mai kahi scavenger ʻo nā niho pharyngeal. He nui nā niho husters i loko o 2 mau lālani. I ka like ʻana me ka bastard, aia wale nā ​​niho 5 i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao.