I Zimbabwe i 2008, ua pāpā nā luna aupuni i ka hana ʻana iā IT i loko o ka kaila. He aha nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua i kahuli ʻia e DO IT?
A ʻo ka pane: Kālo kālā. Ma 2008, aia kahi hyperinflation ma Zimbabwe. No 1 billion o Kālā Zimbabwe he hiki ʻole ke kūʻai aku i ka pepa i loko, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ke hoʻopau me ke kālā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i makemake ka mokuʻāina i kēia ʻano i ke kālā o ke aupuni
KAHIKO ALOHA HOU
Ua lohe nā mea kūʻai Pukiki i nā pōhaku nui "hale" mai nā poʻe ʻAmelika e hōʻea ana i ke kahakai e kūʻai aku i nā ukana mai ka mokulele. Akā i ka makahiki 19 ua ʻike hope loa ka poʻe ʻEulopa i nā hale pohihihi. Wahi a kekahi mau kumu, ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia e nā mea huakaʻi hele a me ka lawaiʻa kālele ʻo Adam Rendere, akā ʻo ka ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻike ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Karl Mauch.
Ua lohe pinepine ʻia kēia ʻepekema mai ka ʻAmelika e pili ana i nā papa kiʻi gigant i nā wahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻākau o ka muliwai Limpopo. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike i ka manawa a ma o lākou i kūkulu ʻia ai, a ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema Kelemania e hele i kahi huakaʻi hele a hele a hiki i nā wahi ʻino.
Ma 1867, loaʻa ʻo Mauh i kahi ʻāina kahiko a ʻike i kahi paʻakikī o nā hale, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Big Zimbabwe (ma ka ʻōlelo a ka ʻohana Shona kūloko, ʻo "ka ʻōlelo" Zimbabwe "ka inoa" hale pōhaku "). Ua haʻalulu ka ʻepekema kanaka i kāna ʻike. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia, kahi i ʻike ʻia ma mua o kona mau maka, ua hahau ʻo ia i ka mea noiʻi me kona nui a me ka pae ʻano maʻamau.
He pā pōhaku kūpono me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 250 mika, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 10 mau mika a me ka laulā ma ke kumu a hiki i 5 mau mika a puni ka noho kahiko ʻana, kahi i kipa ʻia ai ka wahi i noho ai ke aliʻi o kēia ʻāina kahiko.
Ua kapa ʻia kēia papa mana ʻo ka luakini, a i ʻole hale Elliptical. Hiki i ke komo i loko o ka pā i paʻa ʻia e ka pā ma o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ʻekolu. Kūkulu ʻia nā hale āpau e kahi masonry maloʻo, i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia ai nā pōhaku ma luna o kēlā me kēia me ka haki ʻole. Ma 800 mau mika ʻākau o ke kūlanakauhale paʻa i ka puʻu, ma luna pono o kahi puʻu granite, ʻo ia kahi o ka puʻukū o kekahi hale hou, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pā hale pōhaku, a ʻo ka Acropolis.
ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻo Mauh ma waena o nā wahi e waiho ʻia ai nā mea pili i ka moʻomeheu kūloko, ʻaʻole naʻe nō ia i hiki i ka poʻe ʻApelika ke kūkulu i kālai kiʻi hale o Zimbabwe. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, kūkulu nā ʻohana kūloko i ko lākou mau hale a me nā kūkulu ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i ka pālolo, ka lāʻau a me ka mauʻu maloʻo, no laila ke nānā pono ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pōhaku me nā mea hale.
I KE KĀLIE O KA MEA KAHI
No laila, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Mauh i kūkulu ʻia ʻo Greater Zimbabwe e nā ʻAmelika, akā e ka poʻe keʻokeʻo ka poʻe i kipa i kēia mau ʻāpana i nā wā kahiko. Wahi a kona kuhihewa, hiki i ke aliʻi mōʻī ʻo Solomona a me ka Mōʻīwahine i Sheba ke komo i ka kūkulu ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā hale pōhaku, a ʻo kēia wahi ponoʻole ʻo ʻOphir, ka ʻāina gula gula.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo nō ke kanaka ʻepekema i kāna manaʻo i kona ʻike ʻana i ka nū o kekahi o nā puka i ka lāʻau kedera. Hiki ke lawe ʻia mai ia mai Lebanona mai, a ʻo ke aliʻi ʻo Solomona ka mea i hoʻohana i ka lāʻau kedera i ka hana ʻana o kona mau hale aliʻi.
I ka hopena, hele mai ʻo Karl Mauh i ka mōʻī o ka mōʻī o Sheba ʻo ia ka haku wahine o Zimbabwe. ʻO kēlā hopena hoʻonā i ka ʻepekema nei i alakaʻi i nā hopena pōʻino. Hoʻomaka nui nā mea malihini e hele nei i ka wao o ka poʻe kahiko, ka mea i moʻo e loaʻa ka waihona kālā o ka Mōʻīwahine o Sheba, no ka mea, aia kahi mea kahiko gula ma kahi o ka pa. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia inā loaʻa ʻole kekahi i ʻike i nā waiwai, akā he nui ka hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kahiko, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka paʻakikī o ka noiʻi ʻana o nā mea kāhiko.
Nā kuhi ʻo Mauch i ka makahiki 1905 i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e ka mea noiʻi Pelekane ʻo David Randall-Maciver. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā hana hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa ma Greater Zimbabwe a ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole i kahiko loa nā hale a kūkulu ʻia i loko mai ka manawa mai 11 a hiki i ka 15th o nā kenekulia.
Ke hoʻohuli ʻia ua hiki i nā ʻAmelika maoli ke kūkulu maikaʻi iā Big Zimbabwe. ʻO ka hele nui ʻana i ka nahu kahiko, he mea paʻakikī loa ia, no laila ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena e hiki mai ana ma kēia mau wahi i ka makahiki 1929 wale nō. Ua alakaʻi ʻia e ka wahine aliʻi wahine Pelekane ʻo Gertrude Caton-Thompson, ʻo kāna hui i hoʻohui wale i nā wahine.
I kēlā manawa, ua hana mua nā mea lawaiʻa i ka hōʻino i ka mea paʻakikī i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Caton-Thompson e hoʻomaka i ka hana me nā ʻimi no nā hale i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻoholo kekahi kanaka noiʻi e hoʻohana i kahi mokulele no kāna mau hulina. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia e ʻae ma luna o kahi kaʻa ʻahiwi, lawe ʻo ia iā ia me ka pailele i ka lewa a loaʻa kahi ʻano hana pōhaku ʻē aʻe ma kahi mamao mai ka pā paʻa.
Ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana, ua hōʻoia ikaika ʻo Cato-Thompson i nā hopena o Ren-dall-Makiver e pili ana i ka manawa hana o Greater Zimbabwe. Eia kekahi, hoʻopiʻi paʻa ʻo ia ʻo ka paʻakikī o nā hale, ʻaʻohe kānalua, ua kūkulu ʻia e nā ʻApelika uliuli.
ʻO AFRICAN STONEHENGE?
Ua aʻo pinepine nā ʻepekema i Greater Zimbabwe no hoʻokahi haneli a me ka hapa, akā naʻe, no kēlā manawa lōʻihi, ua hoʻokele ʻo Greater Zimbabwe e mālama i nā mea huna hou. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea i pale ai kāna poʻe hana iā lākou iho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana pale ikaika ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole maopopo nā mea āpau me ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka o kā lākou kūkulu.
No ka laʻana, ma lalo o ka paia o ka hale o Elliptical, ʻike ʻia nā koena o ka papa wai wai i kēlā lā mai ka manawa ma waena o 591 (hoʻohui ʻia a i ʻole liʻiliʻi ʻia paha 120 makahiki) a me 702 AD. e. (hoʻohui a emi i nā makahiki 92). Malia paha ua kūkulu ʻia ka paia ma luna o kahi kumu kahiko.
I ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ai, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kekahi mau helu manu i hana ʻia no ka steatite (sabon), ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomana nā kānaka kahiko o Greater Zimbabwe i nā akua like manu. Aia paha he mea pohihihi loa o Greater Zimbabwe, ka hale conical ma ka paia o ka hale o Elliptical, i pili pū kekahi me kēia hoʻomana. Aia kona kiʻekiʻe i ka 10 mau mika, a ʻo 17 ka mika o ke kumu.
Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo ia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini melemele maloʻo a ʻano like hoʻi i nā hale moʻi o nā ʻāpana kūloko, akā ʻaʻohe o ka hale kiaʻi, ʻaʻohe kīpili, ʻaʻohe alapine. Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, he hoʻokolohua pono ʻole nā kumu o kēia hale no nā poʻe ʻike archaeologists.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi ʻano kupanaha loa o Richard Wade mai ka Nkwe Ridge Observatory, e like me ia ka Hale Hōʻike ʻia (Elliptical Building) i ka manawa like like me ka Stonehenge kaulana. ʻO nā pā pōhaku, kahi hale kiaʻi pohihihi, nā monolith like ʻole - ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea e nānā ai i ka lā, Moon, nā planeta a me nā hōkū. Pela anei? Hiki i ka pane ke hāʻawi i ka noiʻi hou aʻe.
KAHANA I KA MANAWA NUI
I kēia manawa, kānalua kekahi poʻe ʻepekema i kūkulu ʻia e ko ʻAmelika ʻApana. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, i ka makahiki ʻumikumamāhā, ua ʻike kēia aupuni o ʻApelika i kāna mau lā a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Lākana ma ia wahi.
ʻO ka lehulehu o ia mau mea ma kahi o 18 tausani mau kānaka. ʻO ʻAinekinilana ke poʻo nui o ke aupuni nunui e ʻalihi aku ana i nā mau kaukani mau mile, a ua lawe pū ʻia he mau haneli, a he mau paha mau ʻohana.
ʻOiai ka hana ʻana o nā mines i ke aupuni a me ka mina gula, ʻo ka waiwai nui o nā mea noho. Hāʻawi ʻia ke gula a me ka palaoa liʻiliʻi mai Zimbabwe i kahakai hikina o ʻApelika, kahi i loaʻa ai nā awa i kēlā manawa, a me kā lākou kōkua, kākoʻo ʻia ke kālepa me Arabia, India a me ka Far East. ʻO ka mea ʻoi loa he pili me Zimbabwe me ko ka honua o waho e hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻikepili i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe Arapi a me Persian.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei ʻo Greater Zimbabwe ke kikowaena o ka mining: ma nā wahi mamao mai ka paʻakikī o nā hana pōhaku, ua ʻike ʻia nā hana he nui. Wahi a kekahi mau loea, ua noho ke aupuni Aferika a hiki i 1750, a laila hāʻule i ka pala.
He mea kūpono ia e ʻike ai no ko ʻAmelika, he moku maoli maoli ʻo ʻAmelika. No ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kēia kahua archaeological, Southern Rhodesia, nona kāna wahi i loaʻa ai, ua hoʻololi hou ʻia i Zimbabwe i 1980.
- 1878 manaʻo
ʻO ke kumu o ke kanaka i hana ʻia no ka hoʻoluhi
Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kanaka, ua hoʻoikaika mākou i wehewehe i ko mākou kumu a pane i ka nīnau kumu mua: mai hea mākou? Ma nā moʻomeheu mamao āpau i pālahalaha ʻia a puni ka honua, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa ka moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo o nā kumu kumu, e like me ka moʻomeheu kahi i puka ai.
I ka wā ma hope aku nei, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻepekema a me ka manaʻo o ka ʻōhumu, kā nā ʻepekema hoʻākāka e wehewehe i ka nīnau like ʻole o ka wā i hoʻopulapula ʻia iā mākou mai ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka ʻike pilikino i loko o kā mākou mau pale, akā ʻaʻole nō naʻe he pane kūpono loa i kēia nīnau.
Eia nō naʻe nā manaʻo e ʻike ʻole ai ka poʻe i kahi kūloko a ua lawe ʻia ʻia mai ka Honua mai kahi honua aku.
ʻO ka manaʻo, ʻaʻole ko mākou kumu i kēia honua me ke ʻano o ka pae a me ka mea, ʻaʻole paha mākou he huahana o ka ulu ʻana o kēia honua, akā ua lilo nā malihini no nā kumu ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa ma ka papaha honua. ana paha i mau haneli he mau kaukani paha i ʻoi aku ka hapaʻumi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma hope o ka wā i hoʻohaki ʻia ai mākou me nā mea mua aʻe, e like me Neanderthals, e lilo i nā mea hanohano i kēia lā.
E hoʻokokoke paha kēia i nā mea he nui, akā nui nā mea ʻepekema kaulana e kākoʻo i kēia ʻano.
A he nui nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa a mākou, ʻoiai he ʻano pili, ʻaʻole i pili i kēia wahi. ʻO ke kumu mua a me ke kumu nui o kēia ka poʻe mākou ʻaʻole like i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma kēia Honua e pili ana i ka naʻauao a me nā ʻike noʻonoʻo.
ʻAʻohe holoholona ʻē aʻe ke hoʻokokoke kokoke i ko mākou hiki ke noʻonoʻo, hoʻokūkū, hana i kā ka politika, hana a ka hana a me nā mele, a i ʻole holomua i ka ʻenehana i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa kūpono loa kēia, akā, ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia wale nō, a hōʻike ke kanaka i nā ʻano he nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona physiological e hōʻoia nei ʻaʻole mākou i like me ka ʻāpono a kūpono i kēia honua e like me ka mea e noʻonoʻo ai kā mākou mea e hana nei.
He papa inoa lōʻihi loa o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o mākou a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe ma kēia honua, e hōʻailona iā mākou e like me ka maʻi o ka honua a me ka honua.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i kēia mau hōʻokoʻa i ka wā mua o ko mākou ola. He mau pilikia nui a me ka ʻeha a ka wahine i ka wā hānau keiki i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke aupuni holoholona, me ka hānau ʻia ʻana i waena o nā holoholona kūlohelohe a ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoiai nā kānaka e pono ke kākoʻo a make paha i ka wā hānau. e paʻa ana i kēia lā.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, pili kēia me ke poʻo nui o nā pēpē o ke kanaka, akā no ke aha lā, pono paha, inā he ʻano maʻamau kēia o ka ulu ʻana? Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ma hope o kahi wā liʻiliʻi o ka manawa hāpai, hele mākou i kahi kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana, a maikaʻi ʻole nā keiki a kānaka i nā makahiki he nui ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, kahi mamao loa mai ke ʻano maʻamau.
I ka hopena, ke ulu a ulu ka poʻe, hōʻike nā kānaka he nui no ke ʻano maʻamau i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā mea ʻē aʻe o kēia honua. ʻOi aku mākou i ka maʻi maʻamau a me nā kūlana, e like me ka mauka hū, nā maʻi āpau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
A aia nō ko mākou nāwaliwali maʻamau no ka Lā, ʻo mākou kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i ʻeha mai ka lā a i kā mākou e hana ai, ʻoiai ua "ulu mākou" i ʻike ʻole i ka lauoho kino, a i mākou i kahi hoʻohui, ʻo mākou kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi e pono ai e hōʻino i ko lākou mau maka i ka wā e puiʻaka ka lā.
ʻO ka nui o nā leʻaleʻa e hiki ai iā mākou ke lohe i ke kala ʻana nō hoʻi i ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, ʻo kā mākou ʻano o ka ʻala. Hoʻopilikia hou ke kanaka i nā pilikia i hope, ʻo ia ka hopena o nā holi like ʻole ma waena o kā mākou home a me ka Honua, a ʻoiai ke kino maoli ko mākou kino i ka lā 25-hola ma mua o 24, a ua nui nā mea o mākou e moe a hiamoe. manaʻo o ka hopohopo no kēia.
Eia nō kekahi, ʻaʻole mākou e makemake i ka ʻai maka, ʻaʻole like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, i ulu me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kino o ke kino, ke kū pololei nei, ʻaʻole me ka puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo kā mākou nui nui o ka "ʻōpala" ʻO DNA "ma ke ʻano he mau kānaka maoli mākou.
ʻOkoʻa mākou ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano he nui mai kekahi mau holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ka honua. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole kūpono ko mākou mau kino no kēia kaiapili, inā ua ulu maoli mākou i ʻehā miliona mau makahiki, a laila ʻaʻole mākou i holomua ma nā wahi a pau.
ʻAʻole ulu ke kanaka i kēia ʻano ola o kēia mau ola (mau mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe), akā ua uluola ma kahi ʻē a ua neʻe ʻia i ka honua ma waena o 60,000 a me 200,000 mau makahiki i hala.
Eia naʻe, inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia mau mea, no ke aha mākou e noho nei maanei?
ʻO kekahi manaʻo ka pilina honua ka ʻae i nā poʻe pio i hiki ʻole ke hoʻohui i loko o ko lākou nohona maʻamau.
E hiki ai i kā mākou mau kūpuna ke kipaku ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, a ma hope ia i poina ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻano ʻano ʻāpana e hoʻoili i nā mea a mākou i kēia manawa ma lalo o ka inoa "ʻano kanaka."
He aha ko mākou hewa i ka hewa? ʻO kekahi o nā kumu no kēia ʻano mea he ʻano ʻano lahilahi mākou - a eia mākou maanei a hiki i ko mākou aʻo ʻana e hana. "
I kekahi manawa ʻē paha kekahi ʻano kahuli a lilo lākou i akua i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ko mākou mau kūpuna. ʻOiaʻiʻo, nā UFO e ʻike nei i nā poʻe he nui i kēia lā i mau kūpuna maoli no mākou, e nānā ana i kā mākou holomua hoʻoponopono ʻana.
ʻO kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka asteroid kahiko i wāwahi i ko mākou honua home, a holo aku mākou i ʻaneʻi, no nā makahiki he poina e pili ana i ko mākou kumu maoli, a ʻo mākou nā Martians i holo aku ʻaneʻi mai ka honua make e make nei. ʻO nā poʻe kolone momona kahi i poina iā lākou i ko lākou wā i hala.
Ua pae ʻia mākou i ʻaneʻi no kekahi hoʻokolohua lōʻihi, ʻano hoʻolilo iā mākou i nā puaʻa guinea intergalactic.
ʻO ke kumu nui loa, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hele mai mākou mai ʻaneʻi.
Ua hele mai mākou i ka Honua a i ʻole i hoʻopihapiha maoli ʻia, i ʻole me kekahi hybridization, ma nā loli kūlohelohe i hana ʻia i nā poʻe kolone mua i ke ala i Honua, i mea e hōʻoia pono ai ka hoʻololi mua ʻana i nā kūlana o ka hale hou.