(Ua kākau ʻia ka moʻolelo e Lyubarsky G. Yu.)

Relia embia (Haploembia solieri Rambur)

Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻanoʻano ma ka ʻano he Haploembia - H. solieri. Relia embia - he ʻano thermophilic, loaʻa ia ma nā wahi nui o ka Hikina. Ma USSR, he maʻamau maʻamau i ka Caucasus a me Crimea. Ua like ʻo Embias e like me nā mea iniseti. He kino elongated, palupalu, hina hina nā poʻo nui i alakaʻi ʻia i luna, kahi iʻike ai nā maka liʻiliʻi a me nā tendrils. ʻO nā kāne wale nō kekahi, ʻelua kāne o lāua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka embryo relic ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.2 cm. Hiki iā Embi i ke hoʻoponopono hou (hoʻihoʻi) i nā wāwae hūnā. ʻO nā embryos i hopu ʻia no ka hōʻohi ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili a he paʻakikī iā lākou ke hoʻoholo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e hoʻonui i ka nānā ʻana i kēia pūʻulu o nā pepeke. Akā inā e nānā pono ʻole. Ua hele kekahi. I ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka embryos ma ka Honua. ʻO ke kūlana o ke kīʻaha ma ka ʻōhina pepeke ua lōʻihi. ʻO ka manawa wale nō i hiki ai ke hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻohana noli he mau ʻohana pili i nā pua, nā ʻāpana a me nā mea inikua e like me nā ipo a me nā zoopters, i ʻike nui ʻia e ka hapa nui o ka poʻe. ʻO ka mea, ua lōʻihi ke ola o ka emboli i ka ola i loko o ka litter, i nā lāʻau hōʻino, a me nā mea he hopena, loaʻa iā lākou ke ʻano elongated e pili ana no ka piʻi ʻana i nā ana paʻa. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mākaukau loa o ka emi, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana mua o ka tarsus mua, aia i nā kelepona kikowaena kūikawā e hiki ai ke hoʻokahe i kahi siliki. ʻO nā kelaka siliki ka maʻamau maʻamau i nā iniseti like ʻole, akā aia wale nō i ka embi ua loaʻa lākou i nā wāwae. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā punaewele spider, me nā nui he nui, e like me nā pūnaewele spider a i ʻole nā ​​fungi fungi, ua kūkulu ʻia mai kēia siliki embryo. Hōʻalo kēia mau kaila ma ka lepo, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma lalo o ka ʻili o nā lāʻau mae ʻole a paʻa wale kekahi manawa ma nā wahi i hūnā ʻia a malū nāu. Ma kēia mau neʻe ʻana, hoʻopau ka embryos i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa e holo ana i nā koikoo-kālā kālā o ko lākou hale nui a ākea loa, e puka mai ana i ka honua i ka pō. Nui nā mea ʻokoʻa ma nā wahiʻeleʻele. I loko o lākou i nā millipedes ʻano liʻiliʻi, semeti, nā pīni ʻōpio liʻiliʻi hoʻi e hūnā. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale holoʻokoʻa kekahi hale piha. Noho ʻo Embi ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki a ma kēia manawa ke mālama nei lākou e ulu a ulu i keiki. No laila, ʻo ka hanauna kahiko, kāna hua, a me nā hua ʻōpiopio, ʻaʻole like ka ʻokoʻa i ka nānā ʻana mai nā pākeke, hui pū me nā lime spider lōʻihi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili pū kekahi mau hakakā: aia nā hihia o ka cannibalism inā, i ka wā mālama, ua nui ka male, ʻoi aku nā kāne, e ʻai ʻai i nā ʻōpū. ʻO Embi i nā holoholona semi-koloni. ʻAʻole lākou wale e hoʻokokoke pū nei, akā hoʻonohonoho nō hoʻi i nā lāʻau o nā meaʻai ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ala. ʻO ke ala, i loaʻa paha kekahi ʻano pilina kūikawā me nā lālā o ko lākou ʻohana. He aha nā kānāwai e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilina?

ʻAʻole pau i nā mea huna o ke kūlanakauhale cobweb a me nā mea e noho ana. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i aʻo pono ʻia kāna mau hana. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokumu ʻia he microclimate kūikawā i loko o nā wahi i cobwebby - mahana, pālahalaha, nā mea e like me ka nui. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka holo. ʻO Embias kekahi mau mea hanohano. Holo koke lākou i nā ʻnē, e hoʻopili ana i nā cobwebs me nā pakaua a me nā mea e like me nā ʻano puʻupuʻu e kū ana ma nā wāwae ʻehā. He lāʻau kūikawā hoʻi ka holo ʻana o Embium. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki a holo a i hope paha: hōʻike ʻia ko lākou mau wāwae a he maʻalahi ka hana o nā neʻe i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Me kēia holo "hoʻihoʻi", ʻo nā kūkaʻe i ka hope o ka ʻōpū e lawelawe i ka antennae - ʻike lākou i ke ʻano o ke ala ma mua o lākou, e huli a lele ana a puni nā pilikia i hālāwai ai.

Hoʻohana ʻo Embi i ka hiapo ʻana i nā hua kanu manu, akā i kekahi manawa ua wānana ʻia, nā ka wā e haki koke i nā ʻano ʻōiwi liʻiliʻi e like me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, nā pū waʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea piʻa. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he emie relic, no ka laʻana, i ka Crimea, ma lalo o nā pōhaku ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, i hoʻomā ʻia ai e ka lā, nā kahawai o nā kahaha shale i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu. Maanei, ma ka palena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia ʻano, i.e., ma ka maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi loa, ua nalowale nā ​​keiki kāne i ka male a hoʻololi i ka parthenogenetic, i.e. wahine hānai. A ma ka embia ma awāwa o Roma, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke nānā maka i ka hema o ka palena ʻākau o ka ʻāina, aia nā kāne a pau. I ka pūnāwai, e waiho ana nā hua kanu i nā huaʻai i ko lākou ala silika, kahi e puka koke ai nā hua pua brownish-keʻokeʻo, i hiki i Mei ke ʻano ʻōpōpō. I nā hōʻaina maikaʻi ʻole - maloʻo a maloʻo loa paha ka lilo - ua noho kaʻawale nā ​​embryos, e waiho ana i nā poho lepo i ka hohonu o 1-1,5 m a kāpae nei i kūkulu i nā kiʻi spider.

Nā hiʻohiʻona Moronae

Nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi (10-14 mm) mau pūpū manu ʻole me ka loli piha. ʻO ke kino ke cylindrical, elongated. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka waha o nā waha, ua wāwae nā wāwae, ma ke kao ʻakaʻaka mua o nā forelegs, ua kau ʻia nā kipi wili. Hoʻopau ke kino me nā halepule lōʻihi, ka mea e hana ai i ka hana o ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka iniseti i ʻōnaʻi.

Kahele

Kālaha ka relic embia i ka ʻāina Mediterranean (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italia, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, France, Yugoslavia), me nā Mokuna Canary, Corsica, Madeira, Sardinia. Ka papahele pū ka: Crimea, Rūia (ʻĀpana Caucasus). ʻAmelika (Egypt, Morocco), Mexico, USA (Arizona, Kaleponi, Oregon, Texas, Utah).

Hōʻike Embium

I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o nā ʻano holoholona, ​​ʻoiai ka mea maʻamau e hoʻomaka nei, hoʻomaka lākou i ka hana koʻikoʻi me ia. Ke ulu nui nei ka hoihoi i nā embroideries a ke piʻi mai nei ka ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana iā lākou. ʻAʻole i ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka wā i kū ʻia ai nā embryo ma ka honua, he manaʻo ia hiki ke hiki i kēia mea ma kahi o 300 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Eia kekahi, no ka manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoholo i ke kūlana o ka embi ma ka ʻauhau o nā pepeke. ʻO ka manawa wale nō ia i ʻike ʻia, he poʻe hoahānau mamao lākou na ka mīkini pepeiao a me nā maʻa. Loaʻa lākou i kahi kino elongated elongated, kahi e hōʻike ai ua hana like kēia mau pepeke i ke ola i nā lāʻau pohō a me ka mea kanu lāʻau.

Relic embi - nā mea aneʻi honua.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau mea hihiu he palipiki vesicular mua māhele ma ka wāwae mua. Loaʻa kēia māhele i kahi nui nui o nā kelima e hana ai i ka siliki. Loaʻa nā gali like like i ka nui o nā pepeke, akā aia wale nō i ka embi ua aia lākou i nā wāwae. ʻO nā pūnaewele spider me ka nui o nā lua keleawe i hana ʻia mai ka siliki embryo. Hoʻohālikelike kēia pūnaewele me ka popo hāleʻa a i ʻole ka punaewele. Aia kēlā mau kuʻala ma kahi o ka lepo, ma lalo o nā lāʻau mae ʻole, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma nā wahi lulu.

Hoʻolālā Empusa

Hoʻopili ʻia ka empus - kahi ʻelele o ke kauoha o nā mantis. He ʻano hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe: ke poʻo kuʻikii loa me nā maka nui, e hāʻawi ana i ka mea ʻona i kahi nānā hewa. He kime liʻiliʻi nā tendrils liʻiliʻi (i ka kāne ke hulu manu) a me nā pū. Ma hope o ke poʻo ka umauma lōʻihi me nā wāwae lōʻihi. Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo ka ʻae a me nā ʻēheu luna ʻāheu o nā ʻalopelo - ākea, pūnaewele a me ka hoʻomaha mau ʻana e ka mea aloha. I ka pōkole, kahi ʻano huhū weliweli, mākaukau nui e kūkaʻi koko.

ʻO ka Striped empusa kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻAmelika e noho ana i ka Semana Balkan, ka mokupuni o Crete, Asia Minor, Suria, Aikupito. Noho ia ma ke kūkulu hema o Crimea, ma nā ʻalāʻau a me nā kaʻe lāʻau. He paʻakikī loa e nānā, ʻoiai ke kala ʻia ʻo ia i ke kala o nā mea ulu.

ʻO Empusa, e like me nā ʻelele āpau o kāna ʻano, he predator. No nā hola, hiki iā ia ke noho ma kahi e hoʻohālua a nānā i kekahi pepeke inattent. I ka pili ʻana o ka mea hoʻowalewale kokoke i ka lawa, hoʻomaka ka mana o ka empusa i ka hana. Ke hele mālie nei a mālie, hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i ka mea pio, hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi i kona mau wāwae lōʻihi. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Frozen no ka ʻāpana ʻelua, kākā ʻo ia, loiloi i ka mamao, a hoʻokuʻu koke aku i kona wāwae "trap" wāwae. Ua haʻalele kekahi kanaka ʻaneʻaka i kēia hoʻomake anuhe. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomanaʻo iki ka empusa i ka pōpoki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leopadi i ka hopu.

The empusa wing

Hoʻonui pinepine nā Empuses i ke kauwela kauwela. I loko o kēia manawa, waiho ka wahine i nā hua he 100-300 i loko o kahi pākopu kūikawā mai ka puka nui o ka palaka kōkā. Ke kau nei ʻo ia mai nā mauʻu mauʻu a me nā lālā palalā, a puka mai ke aniani mai ia kauwela. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻai lākou i nā aphids a me nā lau lele, a i ka wā e ulu ai, hewa hewa lākou i nā lele, cicadas, butterflies a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa.

ʻO nā ʻano pule āpau, a inā ʻaʻole poina e poina iā ʻoe, nona nā empus a lākou. Ma ka manawa o ka molt hope, hoʻonui ka larva i ka nui ma o 20 mau manawa! Hoʻohana nā Empus i ka wā he pākeke a i ʻole kahi larva e hana nei i ka pae hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

I ka hoʻoilo, pau ka ʻai ʻana, ʻaʻole oki ke kaʻina hana a pau. Ua aneane make. I kēia moku'āina, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mea insekert e ola i ke anuanu a wela nui, nā umu a me nā manawa wela i kekahi mau wahi o kāna nohona

Mea ʻai make

Ma kahi o 2000 mau pīpī pili nā ʻohana o nā mea make. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā wahi a pau o ka honua, ke kaawale ʻole wale nō ʻo Australia.

ʻO ka poʻe make ʻeleʻele, i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā pōkole cadaveric a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻeli kupapau, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā wāwae mua a me nā ʻāpana kelepona. Aia he mau kino oval ko kēia mau ʻōlima, he poʻo tapatahi a me ka elytra, ua uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻouka nui i waena o nā mea make-e ʻai - ka manaʻo o ka ʻohu. Mahalo i kēia, hiki i ka pīpī ke hele kahi ma kahi mamao loa ke hiki ke honi i nā momona (nā ʻano lāʻau a pau loa). Maanei ʻo ia e noho ai, ʻai a waiho i kāna mau testicles.

ʻO ke kanaka make, ke lawe ʻoe i ka lima, e hoʻokuʻu i ka wai mai ka waha a me ka anus, mai ka ʻāʻī o kahi a nā mea i nalowale loa ai mai ka makemake e hoʻomau i ka kamaʻilio pū me ia, a nalowale ka manu a me ka holoholona paha kekahi makemake gastronomic i kēia pahu.

Kuhi i kēia mau ʻōlani i ko lākou inoa. He poʻe kālai maoli lākou. Inā ʻai nā mea inikua i kahi kaleka, a laila pili ʻole kēia pōpoki i ka holoholona make. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna mea pio, ʻo ia ka mea mua, ʻaʻole me ka dexterous, palupalu lohi, hoʻomaka e ʻeliʻeli i ka honua. Hoʻopau ke kino make ma lalo o kona paona i nā hohonu hohonu a hiki i ka hopena, ʻaʻole e pau kou kanu ʻia. Eia kekahi, inā ʻaʻole ka holoholona make i ka lepo, akā, e ʻōlelo ʻoe, ma kahi lāʻau o ka lāʻau make a i ʻole kahi nū, e hōʻike nā mea pīhoihoi i nā hana koa maoli, akā e hila lākou iā ia i ka lepo a kanu iā ia.

Aia kekahi moʻolelo e pili ana i ka paʻina o nā poʻe. Wahi a kekahi, ua hoʻopuka ka ʻepekema kahi kanaka koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka papa ʻalani, a me kahi pūlau ma luna o kahi lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lepo. Kūkulu ʻia nā Beetles mai kēia predicament. Piʻipiʻe lākou i ka lāʻau, a i ka wā i hāʻule ai, kumakaia lākou i ke kino i ka honua. Ua hoʻopau ʻo Keone Lūkini ʻo Jean Fabre i kēia moʻo. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua he nui a hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻole i ka mea pena kāwili ʻia ka mea i like me ia, akā he nui nō ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka "ʻono" ʻano nui o kēia puhi manu.

Ke kanu ʻia ka mea pio, e waiho ka wīwī i ka hua ʻehā ma luna a ke kali nei no ka wā e puka mai ai ka palaka.

He keʻokeʻo ke kapa o ka digger digger's, a he kapa ʻole I ke ʻano kino, hoʻohālikelike me kahi larva ʻōpū lepo. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻū ikaika ikaika a me nā wāwae hope. Haʻalele ka larva kanaka makua i ke ana kahi i hānau ai a lepo ʻo ia i ka lepo. Ke hana nei i nā wāwae a i hope hoʻi, hoʻolālā ʻo ia i kahi lua liʻiliʻi nona iho, ma kahi mau he ʻumi ma hope mai ua lilo ia i chrysalis.

Nā hiʻohiʻona biology

Noho ia ka biotopes maloʻo me kahi uhi uhi sparse (a hiki i ka 600 m ma mua o ke kai), he ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻano loina sub-Mediterranean. Noho ia i nā kolone liʻiliʻi i loko o nā kaila spider ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i ka litter, a me nā poho lepo. Wahi a nā hōʻike, ʻo ka nui o Crimea he parthenogenetic. I loko o ka makahiki e hāʻawi ia i hoʻokahi hanauna. Lays huaʻai (a he 30) i Mei a i kauwela paha. I Iulai, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea kekeʻe i waho o nā hale mālama. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, e hele i loko o ka lepo (i ka hohonu o 1.5 m), a a i ka lua o ka ʻohi o ka ʻohiʻohi, e piʻi hou ana ka ʻōpū ma luna o ka papa. ʻO nā pākeke a me nā nymphs overwinter. Meaʻai - nā mea kanu kanu, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi. He nui a kūpaʻa ka helu - a hiki i ka 105 mau kanaka no ka 5 dm2 o ka papa honua.

Embium ke ʻano

Pau ko lākou ola a pau kēia mau inika no ka neʻe o ka papa ma lalo o ka papa. Hoʻohālikelike nā hale mālama Embi i nā kūlanakauhale maoli kahi, i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā mea nona nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, hiki nō hoʻi ke ola, no ka laʻana, nā ʻalā, nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi a me ka millipedes.

ʻAʻole noho lōʻihi ʻo Embi - he hoʻokahi wale nō makahiki.

Loaʻa i ka ʻōpiopio ke ola ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, kahi a lākou e ulu ai a ulu a hua mai nā hua. Ma nā pūnaewele spider, ʻelua ka wā kahiko a me ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, a me nā ʻōpio e like me nā pepeke pākeke. Akā, i kekahi manawa he pākeke, a nui hoʻi nā kāne, e hoʻouka i ka larvae.

ʻAʻole ʻike nui nā ʻepekema i ka emie. ʻAʻole maopopo mai ke kumu a kēia mau mea ʻino e noho ai i nā ʻohana nui a no ke aha lākou e kūkulu ai i nā kūlanakauhale nui. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ia na ke aloha i ka pūnaewele, ua hana ʻia kahi microclimate kūikawā - nā ʻulaʻula a me nā mahana, kahi kūpono loa no ka embi. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka holo ʻana a puni ka pūnaewele, a ʻo ka embryos e neʻe ikaika me ka ikaika. Ma keʻano laulā, he nui nā nalo manu nāu. Hiki iā lākou ke pāʻani i mua a i hope hoʻi i ka briskly. Mālama ʻia kēia e ka hoʻolālā kūikawā o nā wāwae, hiki ke neʻe i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua me ke kaulike like. Ke holo ana ka embia i hope, ʻike ka puka i ke kaʻe o ka ʻōpū ma mua o ia, no laila hiki ke pale aku i nā kolo me nā pilikia like ʻole.

E hānai i nā embryos i nā mea kanu, akā hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea hihiu.

ʻO ka papa ʻai o nā embies ka mea nui o ka mea kanu palaʻa, akā i kekahi manawa ke pōʻino lākou i nā pepeke liʻiliʻi.

I ka pūnāwai, ua kau nā wahine i nā testicles i nā paukū, e puka mai ana nā ulia brownish-keʻokeʻo. I ka Mei, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nei lākou i loko o nā mea inikua pākeke.

Aia ka relic embi i loko o ka Caucasus a me Crimea, ma ka hoʻohui, noho lākou ma nā ʻāina pili.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.