Kūleʻa kikowaena kikowaena. Moku ʻo ka ekiu, mai ka Moana Pakipika a hiki i ka Hikina a hiki i ke Kaiʻāʻā Atlantika, aia kahi wahi ākea ākea a malū a mahana. Ke neʻe nei ʻoe i ka ʻākau a i ka hema o ke eku ʻakaula, e emi ana ka ua. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mākaʻāina ma luna o ka ʻānela ma luna o ka Honua. Aia ka hapa nui ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina nui, ma ka ʻākau komohana o Brazil i ka Amazon, a me ke kahakai kahiki o ʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e nā ʻoluʻolu mahana i ke kahakai hikina o ka ʻEleulena, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomaha. Ma ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hema, aia nā papu, e kahe ana ʻo nā ʻulu ʻūlū mai loko mai o ke kai, e hākaʻi ana i ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina me nā ʻōlapa mauna Andes. Ua hāʻule nā ​​mauna i ka ua, kahi i hāʻule i ke ʻano o nā ua equatorial kaumaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ua ma mua o 3000 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia nō ke ana o ka ea pae makahiki ma + 20 ° C - + 25 ° C, no laila e wela mau ia ma ʻaneʻi.

Hoʻopau i ka hana ma kahi kumuhana like

Kāwaha haʻahaʻa Subequatorial. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO luna a ma lalo iho o ke kāʻei o ka equatorial ma ʻAmelika Hema o ke kāʻei subequatorial. Aia ka ʻ climatelelo kūlia i ka manawa like i nā hemispheres ʻelua o ka Honua - ka Hema a me ʻĀkau. Ma ka palena me ka palena o ka mea e hoʻohula ana, ma muli o ke kokoke ʻana i ke kai, he nui ka ua nui i hāʻule (ʻo 2000 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki). Aia pū kekahi ma kēia wahi, ulu nā alternator-moist equatorial ulu. Ma ka hohonu o ka ʻāina, ka nūhou o ka mokulā, me ka emi iki o ka ua (mai ka 500 a hiki i 1000 mm i ka makahiki). Ma ka ʻāina ʻōiwi e hoʻomaka ana ka savannah.

Hōʻike nā Savannahs i loko o ke kāʻei subequatorial e ka mahana kiʻekiʻe i kekahi mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ka subequatorial i ke anilua i ka makahiki i kahi maloʻo a me ka ua. ʻOi aku kahi mamao mai ka hoʻohālikelike, emi ka ua. Ua uhi ʻia nā Savannahs me nā mea kanu ʻino. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano ʻona ma nā kahawai o ke kai hoʻoilo, ma ke kahawai ʻo Orinoco, ma nā pāpū ʻo Brazil, a ma nā ʻāpana komohana o ʻEkuador. Hoʻolaha mai nā kūlana mai + 18 ° C a + 24 ° C i ka hoʻoilo a mai + 20 ° C a + 25 ° C i ke kauwela. Ua uhi ʻia nā Savannahs me nā mea kanu ʻino.

Kuhi 1. nā Savannah o ʻAmelika Hema. Aʻoaʻo24 - ke hoʻololi pūnaewele no ka hana o nā haumāna

Kūʻai kai hoʻokele. Aia iā ʻAmelika Hema, aia ka ʻaoʻao o ka mokulele i ka hema o ka subequatorial a he mau ʻokoʻa nō nā kūlana climatic mai nā wahi o ʻAmelika a me ʻApelika. Ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā haʻanina mahana, palupalu kēia wahi a ke kī ʻole nei i ka holomua o nā wao nahele, ʻoiai e maloʻo loa ana nā ʻōkū anu kai maloʻo ma ʻaneʻi a puni ka makahiki. ʻO ka waonahele ʻo Atacama e kū ana i ke komohana. ʻO ke kauwela, hiki ke piʻi i ke anuanu ma luna o 25 ° C, a ma ka hoʻoilo ka huakaʻi mai 8 ° C a 20 ° C.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaila māla i nā ʻāpana ʻekolu:

Aia kahi ākea o ka māhele kaiāulu ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana, a ua pālahalaha ia ma ke kahakai, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina ka palena e ka Andes.

Aia ma laila kahi kahi o ka wao nahele ʻona loa i Atacama, kahi i ʻike ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka pā aniani i kēia pae ʻāpana. ʻO ka mauna Andes e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wao nahele mai nā lewa hau he nui.

Noho ka ʻāina o ka ʻininiki ma nā kikowaena waena a kokoke i ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hema. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina lawena ma nā ʻaoʻao o Andes, ʻo ka nui o ka ua ma ʻaneʻi he 1000 mm o kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā māhele komohana. E hāmama ʻia kēia mea e ka lewa ea lewa mai ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika, ʻaʻole paʻa ka Andes i ke ala.

Ma ka ʻāpana o ka māhele hikina he mau ʻāina i ulu ʻole ʻia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ua i loaʻa ma mua o 1000 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻomaka ʻia ke ʻano o nā lāʻau evergreen i ka manawa pau.

Kūʻai haʻahaʻa Subtropical. Aia ma ʻAmelika Hema, aia ke kaona subtropical ma lalo o nā wahi kuʻuna a me kona wahi i ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi. Nui nā ʻeke ʻeke ma aneʻi, kahi i hoʻopilikia ai i ke anuanu a ma ke kūkulu hema e maloʻo loa ai. Eia ka ʻoluʻolu o ka ea, ʻo ka nui o nā pulu he 250-500 mm wale nō i ka makahiki. Noho ʻia ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, i ka hohonu o nā waona o nā konika a ʻike ʻia nā semi-deserto. Eia nō naʻe ma ke komohana, ʻaʻole e piʻi kokoke nā wai anuanu me ke kapakai, no laila e hāʻule nui ka ua ma ʻaneʻi, e ulu mai ana ka nahele evergreen. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohālikelike mai nā pae mai + 8 ° C a + 24 ° C, a me ke kauwela hiki iā ia ke hāʻule i 0 ° C.

Ke kaʻina ʻōpiopio. Noho ka kāʻei i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻElepa. ʻO kēia mau nāhelehele nui, i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o Falkland, Western, Peruvian cold cold Massses. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ua (ma lalo o 250 mm no ka makahiki). Ma ke komohana, ua emi iki ka hopena o nā makani o nā anuanu no laila, no laila, ua hāʻule ka ua ma ʻaneʻi. Ma ka ʻāina o ka Hema Hemolele, aneane ʻike ʻole ke kaona. Ma muli o ka mana o ka Antarctic, he haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana o ka ea ma kēia wahi. I ka hoʻoilo, piʻi i ka + 20 ° C, i ke kauwela ua hāʻule i lalo o 0 ° C.

E pili ana i nā mea pili i ke anana o ʻAmelika Hema

Pilikia nā ʻano o ka ʻāina o nā kaila i ʻekolu mau mea nui.

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka mea nui o ka ʻōpū kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻāhu kiʻekiʻe subtropical ma luna o ke Komohana Hema a me ka Pakipika o South Pacific, kahi e hilinaʻi nei ka makani. Ke kahe nui nei ke koʻikoʻi o ka Atlantika Hema a me ka Pākīkika Hema i ke ʻano o nā anticyclones semi-mau (nā kikowaena o ka pehu nui o ka neʻe ʻana a puni ka makani. ʻO ka ʻāpana hikina o ka ʻĀinapuni o ka Pākīpika Hema e pā ana i ke anana o ka hapa nui o ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, e hōʻemi ana i ka lewa o ka ea, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka ua liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ke kumu ʻelua, ʻo ia ka hele ʻana o nā wai anuanu ma ke ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Pae, kahi paʻa e kū pono ana ke ea a me ka ua. Ma ka kahakai ʻo Atlantika, ua lanakila nā wai mahana.

ʻO ke kumu ʻekolu ke kumu ʻo Andes Mountains e lawelawe ai i ka pae ʻana o ka pulupulu launa i ka ʻāpana hema o ka ʻEleka.

Kāwili subequatorial

Aia ka whitiki subequatorial ma luna a ma lalo o ke kūlike e kū pono ana, aia ma ke kūkulu hema a me nā ʻākau ʻākau o ka Honua. ʻO ka hohonu o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka palena me ke kāʻei o ka equatorial, hāʻule ka ua i ka 2000 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ma kahi e ulu ai nā ulu ʻōuli-ulu. I ka hoʻoilo kūʻai kontinental, liʻiliʻi a hōʻemi i lalo: 500-1000 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma kēia wahi e hoʻomaka ai i ka savannah. Ua hāʻule ka ua i ka mahina o Iune-ʻAukake ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina nui, a ma ke kūkulu hema - i Dekemapa-Pepeluali. Hoʻomaka ka manawa anuanu i nā manawa he nui o ka makahiki, e kau ʻia ana ma kahi mamao mai ka equator.

p, ka mea pā 3,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 4,1,0,0,0 ->

Kāʻei kūloko

Ma ka hema o ka subequatorial e waiho ana i ka ʻūleapū i ʻAmelika Hema. He ʻokoʻa nā kūlana i pili i ke ala ma aneʻi i nā ʻōpala o Ausetalia a me ʻAmelika. Aia kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā kulu ʻoluʻolu, nāna e hoʻopili i ka holoi ʻana i ke kāʻei i ke kaona a pale i ke ʻano o nā pā nui, aia ma ke komohana ʻo ka waonaʻo Atakama me kahi ʻano kūlohelohe kūʻokoʻa, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka ea ʻōpū. Noho ka ʻāpana ʻāina o ka lewa hulina i loko o ka wahi waena o ka ʻElepa. Eia, ma kahi o 1000 mm o ka ua e hāʻule ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a aia nā savannah. Ma ka hikina hiki i nā nāhelehe i nā ʻuluʻū me nā ua nui. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela ma waena o +25 degere, a me ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo mai +8 a +20.

p, ka mea i hōʻea ʻia,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻāina

ʻO ʻAmelika Hema ke kūleʻa nui loa ma ka honua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā wai o loko o ka ʻāina i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka nui o ka ua ʻana o ka ea o ke kō, ua waiwai nui ʻia i ka Amazon Delta. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā kaila ma kahi o ke kāʻei kaulike.

E pili ana kēia mau kumu i ka hoʻopilikia kulana:

• ʻano hiʻohiʻona
• Pūhū ʻā ʻana
• moana wai.

Aia ka ʻāina ʻāina ma ʻeono mau wahi honua, he wehewehe pōkole e hōʻike ʻia ana i ka papa a me nā climatograms.

ʻO ke kāʻei

ʻO kekahi wahi ākea maʻAmelika Hema ʻo ka subtropical zone ma lalo o nā wahi ʻokoʻa. Kēlā he anuanu ka lewa a hoʻomaka i nā ʻanuʻu. ʻO ka nui o ka ua ma ka makahiki he 250-500 mm. Ma ke komohana, hāʻule ka ua nui a paʻa nā ulu lāʻau evergreen. I Ianuali, ua hiki ke mahana i ka +24 tikelī, a i Iulai, hiki i nā hōʻailona ma lalo o 0.

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 6.0,0,1,0 ->

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hema loa o ka'āina i uhi ʻia e ka wahi mahana e ʻā. Ma aneʻa kahi helu nui o nā wīwī mai loko mai o ka mana o nā manawa anuanu. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka 250m ma ka makahiki. He haʻahaʻa mau ka mahana i kēia wahi. I Ianuali, ua piʻi ka nui o ka helu kiʻekiʻe ma +20, a ma Iulai ka hāʻule o ka mahana ma lalo 0.

p, ka mea pā 7,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,1 ->

Hoʻonohonoho hou ke kūlana o ʻAmelika Hema. Aia ka kontinima i mau kahima climatic, akā ua ʻokoʻa nā kūlana i nā ʻina like ʻole ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Penei kahi hoʻohālikelike, eia nā wao nahele ʻaʻole i kū i ke kō, akā, i loko o ke aniani.

Equatorial belt belt

I ke kūlana o ke kāʻei o ka equatorial, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi anuanu ikaika a ʻoluʻolu loa. ʻO ka nui o ka ua i ka 5000 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, hiki i kahi kokoke o 100%, aia no ia mau mea:

• mahana ʻokoʻa
• hoihoi i ka ʻāina kai nui - nā papu i loaʻa ma ka hikina i hiki i nā nalu ʻeleʻele e hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi i uka, kahi a lākou e moe ai i kahi kokoke o nā ʻāpana o Andes a hāʻule i loko o ka ʻano o ka ua anu.

Iloko i kēia makahiki, e ulu ke anuanu i ka wahi ma kēia ʻāina, a ʻaʻole hāʻule ka mahana o ka ea ma lalo o 20-25C.

Ma ka palena o ke kāʻei o ka ʻenekia kūloko o ʻAmelika Hema, aia kahi kūlohelohe kūʻokoʻa - kūlohelohe nā ʻulu a i ʻole selva. Kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu maikaʻi e noho ana i kahi wahi kupanaha ʻo "kaʻu o ka Honua", no ka mea, ua hua a nui nā oxygen.

Kuhi. 2. nā ululāʻau Selva

Kūʻai ʻona

Aia ke kihi o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina i loko o kahi ʻāpana pakanā. Kokoke ʻia o kona ʻāina a puni e nā wao, ʻaʻole like ia me ke ʻano o ia. Eia naʻe, ke kīpilikia ʻia nei e ka ikaika ikaika o nā ʻeleʻele, e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka ʻāina āpau mai nā lewa hau piha.

ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana o ka pulu ma ka ʻāina ma muli o ka mana o ka Arctic: i ke kauwela ʻaʻole heʻoi aku i ka 20C, a ma ka hoʻoilo he hāʻule nō ia i 0C a haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka uila heʻuʻuku loa - ma mua o 250 mm. i ka makahiki.

He wahi i kahi o ʻAmelika Hema

ʻO ka ʻElepa, e kū ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kahakai komohana, ua holoi ʻia e ka Pākīpika a me Atlantika moana.

He kahakai iki a ka palena liʻiliʻi me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mokupuni e kūʻē ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina nui.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo ʻAmelika Hema ka nui ma nā'āina, akā he nui nā ʻano kūlohelohe, kahi e pili pū ana me kahi pepa i lōʻihi aku mai ke kūkulu hema.

ʻO Geology a me kahi hōʻoluʻolu o ka ʻāina nui

Kūkulu ʻia ke kuʻina ma luna o ka ʻenehana Hema ʻAmelika Hema a me nā kāʻei mauna Andean.

Noho ka ʻenehana kahiko i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina nui - kāna ʻāpana a me nā ʻaoʻao hikina. No laila, ma ʻAmelika Hema, e pālahalaha kahi mea pālahalaha me nā papa liʻiliʻi, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka kahua kahua i ka heʻe.

Ma ke kūkulu hema e loaʻa ai i kahi ʻoiʻo Patagonian liʻiliʻi ʻōpio a liʻiliʻi hoʻi.

Aia ke komohana o ka ʻāina i ka ʻaoʻao o Andes kiʻekiʻe - ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa i kū ʻia ma ke kahe o ke kai moana a me ka ʻāina i ka wā o nā dinosaurs. ʻO kēia nā mauna ʻōpio kahi e hoʻokau nei nā kaʻina tectonic a ke holo nei nā lua pele.

Nā Waihona Leo o ʻAmelika Hema

ʻO ka Andes ka papahana mauna lōʻihi loa loa ma ka honua, aia mai ka hema a hiki i ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā mauna ma mua o 9000 km. A ʻo ka laulā o ka Cordillera ma nā wahi ma mua o 700 km. Eia kekahi o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa - Aconcagua, aneane 7,000 m ke kiʻekiʻe.

Ma nā Andes, nui nā kelepona he nui nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, e hui pū ana i nā flora a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia wale nō kahi wahi i ka ʻāina o nā konikeri i loaʻa.

Pono! He kuʻuna ka mauna gilea ke ʻano kahi anuanu ka makani me nā makani ikaika, a ʻo nā lāʻau i loaʻa i nā pua nani.

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana aʻe i ka mauna, ʻo ka ʻilihune ka pua e:

• 1500 m - kahelehele o nā 'āina kūlike o ka ʻulala.
• mai 2800 m - kahi kūpono i kahiʻeha, hoʻāla ʻia e nā manu momona, conifers, bamboos, hinnas, cocas a me nā lāʻau like-lāʻau,
• mai 3800 m - aia nā mauna mauna haʻahaʻa.
• mai 4500 m - mauʻu hae alpine.

Ma luna o 5000 m ke hoʻomaka ʻana i ka pae o nā makika mau. Ma nā ʻāina Andes, loaʻa kahi kolana, ʻo ka Mīʻeli o ka Puke Andes National, kahi e kū ana mai 2,500 a 6,768 m.

ʻO ka nui o ka ua i nā kiʻekiʻe ma ke kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i lalo mai lalo. No laila, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1000 a me nā maumū mai 24 a 26 mau kekona Celsius wela, ʻike mau ʻia ka 3000 mm o ka ua nui. A me nā ʻāpana alpine, kahi e mālama ai ka mahana i ka 4-8 degere, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ko lākou helu ma mua o 1000 mm.

ʻO nā wahi kūlohelohe o ʻAmelika Hema a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona

Hoʻokomo ʻo ʻAmelika Hema i nā ʻalima elima climatic i hoʻokahi manawa - equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate.

Kahi maoli ʻia kona ʻano, ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o nā holoholona endemic. He ʻokoʻa kekahi o nā zona i kēlā me kēia, no laila e hāʻawi ʻia kā lākou wehewehe wehewehe ʻōlelo i nā papa.

Moist Equatorial Forests (Selva)

Noho ʻo Selva i kahi ʻāpana nui o nā pāpū ʻo Amazonian, akā naʻe, hiki ʻole nā ​​ʻāina ākea - ke ulu nui nei nā mea kanu, e komo pū ana nā ferns, nā hindu a me nā ceibu.

Eia kekahi, i ka ululāʻau o ka Amazon, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau a pau e nā māla paʻakikī, ka hana ʻana i ka pā hiki ʻole. ʻO ka fauna ma nā ululāʻau kūlike ka mea ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO Jaguars, mau haneli mau ʻano o nā pupu manu, nā ʻumi kau he nui o nā mea monkey a me nā kaukani he mau tausani i noho i kēlā me kēia kihi o ka nahele. A ʻo kekahi o ka mea e weliweli loa he crocodiles a me anacondas, a me piranhas Amazonian. ʻO ka honua manu o ka Amazon kahi momona loa o ka lewa. Ke ola nei ʻo Toucans, nā polikona, nā hummingbirds, a me nā mea kani.

Nui! Ma ʻAmelika Hema, nui nā pōpoki lohi, ola a me nā baki. A hiki ke anaconda i ka lōʻihi ma mua o 5 m me ka paona o 100 kg.

I nā kalalā o ka equatorial he wela loa a he maʻa, a ʻo nā ʻeleʻele maʻa ka nui o ka melemele. Nui nā mea kanu maikaʻi: nā orchids, melon tree, euphorbia, aila lāʻau.

Nga nahele lāʻau

Aia ma nā subtropics o ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka Chile loa. Hōʻalo ka anuanu wela a me ke kauwela maloʻo maanei, akā i ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻomaka ana ka ua i ka ua a hiki i ka 600 mm i ka makahiki. ʻO nā lāʻau o nā ulu lāʻau palalalililua nā lau paʻilima, nā lau maloʻo ka ʻike ʻole ʻole i ka lepo. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka umauma no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ka hapa ʻana ma nā nisa.

Kūkulu kūlohelohe

Aia kēia wahi ma ke kihi o nā ululāʻau kaiāulu, e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina o ka ʻāina nui a me ke kahakai o ka moana ʻAmelika ma ka ʻaoʻao waena.

ʻO Subequatorial a me ʻōuli

ʻ Yellowʻeleʻele a me ke Honua

Kahuna, Araucaria, Ceiba, Lela Paau

Hoʻohālike ia i ke kahe o nā lau e like me ke kūleʻa e hoʻohālikelike, akā ua ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā ululāʻau hoʻololi-hoʻololi ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano i ke anuanu, hele ʻia nā kumulāʻau, nā ʻāpana o lalo o ka nahele i nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. Aia i ka lepo nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i holoi ʻia e nā ua maʻamau.

Nā wai ahi a me ka ulu lāʻau māmā (Llanos)

Aia i loko o nā wahi subequatorial a me tropika o ka ʻāina, ua noho lākou i kahi ʻāpana nui o nā kula kiʻekiʻe o Brazil, ʻo Orinoc Lowlands a me nā Guiana Highlands. Ua hoʻopiha nui ʻia nā wai o Llanos i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Loaʻa nā lāʻau lāʻau pāma a me ka pala manuahi i nui ma aneʻi. Akā ma ka papu o ka mākele i ʻike ʻia he kumu palupā, he pāma wī. He ʻulaʻula ka nui o nā ʻāina, akā ʻokoʻa ka honua holoholona. ʻO nā mea wānana e like me nā Cougars a me nā jaguars, a me nā mea kanu puaʻa, a me nā mea ʻai manu, e noho nei nā kahu ʻai ma ʻaneʻi.

Nā kuahu ahi a me nā kumu lāʻau

ʻO ka waena a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka ʻāina nui a ʻoi aku ka waiwai o nā flora a me nā holoholona. Eia he nui nā savannah a me nā kumu lāʻau.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻāpana ka māhele i:

llanos - nā savannas me nā lau kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa ana i nā wahi pāpū o ka muliwai Orinoco,

ʻO Campos Serrados - nā kukui māmā me nā mauʻu, nā lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau;

campos limpos - nā mea ola wale nō grassy,

kikino - savannas me nā mākeke ulu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau.

Tropical a me subtropical

Kebracho, cashew, chaparro, cereal a me nā mea kanu, cacti, agaves, Mauritius palm

ʻO nā ʻelele o ka genus ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, nā milika ʻAmelika Hema, Ostrich Nandu, armadillos, rodents, nāhe nui, nā lizards

He ʻano nui ka ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o kēia wahi, no laila ua kanu pono ʻia ka kofe, ka ʻeke, a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā māla waiwai nui i ka lau nahele.

ʻO Pihi a i ʻole he ʻihi

Hoʻopau piha ia La Plata Lowland. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻanuʻu i nā lepo momona ʻulaʻula-uliuli, kahi e ulu ai nā mauʻu i nā nui nui. ʻAi pinepine ka kahu o nā holoholona ma kahi hāhā, a ulu mai ka mahiʻai i kēia mau wahi i ka palaoa. I waena o ka poʻe noho: nā ʻukena, nā pipi, nā kāreka, ka nui rodents. Loaʻa ka mauʻu puaʻa a me nā ʻihi i nā helu he nui i loko o nā anuʻu, e ulu ana kokoke i nā kino wai.

Kūpono loa a me nā semi-koraha

ʻO ka wao nahele ka ʻāina ākea o ʻAmelika Hema, aia i ka paina a me ke subtropical zone. ʻAʻole nui ka loiloi ma aneʻi, ma kekahi mau wahi i hala ʻole ai nā makahiki. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ola i loko. Cacti, maloʻo nā mea i loaʻa i nā wahi. I waena o nā holoholona, ​​ʻo nā mea maʻamau maʻamau ka chinchillas, me nā bea pīhoihoi a me nā condors.

Loaʻa ka mau wao ma ka hema. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana - i mua o ka Andes, ʻo Atacama kēia, a ma ka hikina - ʻo Monte a me ka wao Patagonian, e huli ana i kahi semi-wao.

Patagonia

ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ua i hāʻule ma aneʻi - a hiki i 200-600 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia nā mea nui a me nā kumu hina a me ka hina hina. Hōʻoluʻolu ke anuanu a subtropical, maʻalahi a maloʻo. Hoʻohui ʻokoʻa ka honua holoholona holoholona o nā semi-deserto ma mua o nā wao nahele. ʻO Armadillos, nutria, a me kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma aneʻi.

Hōʻike ʻia nā mea kanu o Patagonia e nā lāʻau lāʻau evergreen a me nā cereal maloʻo, aia ma nā wahi kahi i hoʻomohala nui. Aia pū kekahi mau wai wai ma ka semi-deserto, ke ola kokoke kahi i ʻoi aku ka ikaika.

ʻO ke ʻano kupaianaha o ʻAmelika Hema, i ʻike ʻia no ka nui o nā nahele Amazonian me kona mauʻu ʻalāʻau nui, nā ʻapu nui a me nā anacondas kaʻao, he manuahi maoli no nā coniferous, hui ʻia a me ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka tundra me ka wao o Arctic i aneʻi ma aneʻi. SA ʻo ka ʻāina nui loa ma ka lewa, akā ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia aʻoi aku. Hoʻohūnā mau nā kiʻekiʻe o nā Andes a me nā pale ākea o ka Amazon i nā mea huna.

Flora a me nā manu o ka ʻāina nui

Loaʻa ka pua flora a me nā manu o ʻAmelika Hema e ka like a me ka hiki ʻana o kahi nui hopena pili (Kumu). ʻO kēia ma muli o ka laulā o ka konupuu a hoʻokaʻawale loa ia mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻohana a pau e kū pono ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema. nā mea kanu endemic: cactus, lio-draw, nasturtium, bromilium. I waena o holoholona hihiu nā kahe ʻelele lehulehu nosed, ʻAmelika, mea anteater, armadillos, vulture, ʻelima mau ʻano o ka hummingbirds, ʻOnda ostriches, toucans, he nui nā ʻano heʻu, nā reptile, nā iʻa a me nā mea ʻino.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻona kūlohelohe i pili pinepine i nā zalima climatic a me nā wahi (see Fig. 1). ʻO ke kaʻe, ke kūlana o ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā konenika i ka hōʻai a me ka hiki ʻana o ke kāʻei o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe he mana nui o ka zonality.

Kuhi. 1. Ka Palena o nā wahi kūlohelohe

Ma mua o kou hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona o kekahi mau wahi kūlohelohe o ʻAmelika Hema, e hana i kahi noiʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka pakuhi.

Pehea nā wahi kūlohelohe ma nā ʻāina? ʻO wai e noho ana i kahi nui loa? Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai nā zoning ma ʻAmelika Hema?

Selva

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāina nui ka wai no ka nui o nā kahe e kūleo ʻona piha e ulu ana ma luna o nā lepo ferralitic ʻulaʻula. Kāhea iā lākou ma aneʻi - selva, i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Pokukala ʻo "ka nahele".

Ua maloʻo Selva ma mua o nā ululāʻau ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā ʻano holoholona. Ke ulu nei nā lāʻau e like me selba ma aneʻi, e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 80 mika. Aia kekahi ʻano like me nā lāʻau palma, nā melona, ​​nā lau, hevea, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā kumu waina. Nui nā pua honu pua i ka nahele. Hāʻawi ka nui o nā lāʻau selva i nā lāʻau koʻikoʻi wale nō, akā ʻo nā huaʻai, nā wai, ka ʻili no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻOi loa ka waiwai o ka fauna o Selva. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia nā holoholona he nui i ke ola ma nā lāʻau. ʻO ia kahi mau maka, nā maka manamana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO nā baki a me nā mea ʻai e noho ai ma nā lāʻau, aia nā mea nui he nui, e pili ana i ka nahesa nui loa ma ka Honua - ka anaconda (ʻike Fig. 2).

Ola i ka ola - tapir a me nā mea nui loa ma ka Honua - ka capybara capybara ma ke kaupaona ʻana he kanalima kilograms. He liʻiliʻi nā mea hoʻoneʻe, ma waena o ka mea i kaulana loa ka jaguar. He waiwai nō ka honua o ka manu: nā hummingbirds liʻiliʻi e hānai ana i nā nectar o nā pua, nā ʻōpala, nā toucans a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ka nui o nā kukū like ʻole, nā pēpē a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe. Ma ka pae lalo o ka nahele a i ka lepo, aia nā mea he nui, he nui ka mea e alakaʻi ai i kahi nohona predatory. ʻO kekahi o nā popo i piʻi i 3 mau kenimika o ka lōʻihi.

Llanos

Aia nā ʻāpana savannahs, nā wahi nahele a me nā mea kanu lāʻau i ka nui o ka subequatorial a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao i nā ʻāpana climatic tropical. Noho ʻo Savannahs ma ka Orinok Lowland, kahi i kāhea ʻia ai lākou llanos (ike i ke Epea 3).

Ma nā savannas o ka hemisegle kūkulu hema, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu. Ma loko o ke kikowaena o ka ʻāina ma kahi nui, kahi maloʻo a wela hoʻi no nā mahina he nui, kumulāi nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia e nā mea kanu a me nā mea ulu lāʻau.

I waena o lākou, ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa ka kebraccio, nona ka ʻōpala i loaʻa nā tannins e pono ai ke kāhiko ʻana i ka ʻili.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaila Aferika, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka fauna o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā kahu manu liʻiliʻi, nā puaʻa hihiu - nā mea hānai manu, nā armadillos me kahi mea manu mai nā pale pale horny, anteaters, a me nā manu - kahi manu nūniki e noho ana ma aneʻi.

Pampa

ʻO Pampa - kahi e ulu i nā wahi pae ʻākau o nā ʻaoʻao o ʻAmelika Hema, kokoke i ka waha o ka Rio Plata, a ma Argentina wale nō me Uruguay (e ʻike i ka Fig 4). Ma ke komohana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pampas e ka Andes, ma ka hikina i ka ʻĀina Atlantika.

I loko o kahi aniani nā subtropical aniani, ulu nui, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana.

ʻO ka mea kanu o nā ʻāpana wāwae, he mauhelehele, ma waena o nā mauʻu hulu, ka mileteu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No nā wahi ākea o nā pampa, hele a wikiwiki ka holoholona wikiwiki, ʻano holoʻai ʻo Pampassian, ʻokiʻoki Pale, llamas.

Ke hoʻololi nei i ke ʻano o ka ʻāina i ka kanaka

Hoʻomaka ka hopena o ke kanaka ma ka ʻaoʻao o ʻAmelika Hema inā ʻo ka heluna o nā kamaʻāina, e hana ana i ka mahiʻai, a puhi i nā wahi lāʻau no kēia kumu, kaomi ʻana i nā ʻōpū. ʻAʻole naʻe i like ka nui o kēia mau loli i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mea i kū mai me ka hiki ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa ma ka ʻāina.

Ke uhuki ʻana, hanaʻino, hōʻiliʻili, ka ulu ʻana o nā mea hou i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, i alakaʻi ʻia i nā loli nui i nā mahele kūlohelohe.

ʻO kahi laʻana, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi kahi o ka pampa e ʻohi a hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Ua piha ka ʻai ma nā lau.

Ua nalowale ʻo Pampa kona helehelena maoli. Ua hoʻololi ʻia i mau māla o ka palaoa a me ka palaoa, nā peni no ka ʻohi palaoa. ʻO nā mea waiwai nui loa o ka ʻĀpela - nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma ka hikina o ka Plateau ʻo Brazil. Ma ka pūnaewele o nā ulu lāʻau a me nā savannah, ua lōʻihi nā mea kanu o nā lāʻau kīkī i lawe mai mai ʻApelika mai, a me nā māla cocoa e ulu ana nā holoholona hihiu ma nā ululāʻau o Amazon.

Ua luku koke ʻia nā nā nahele o ka Amazon. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana o ke ala nui ʻo Transamazon (5,000 km) ua wehe i ke ala i nā selva (ʻike kiʻi Fig. 5).

Kuhi. 5. Ka hana ʻana o ke ala nui ʻo Transamazon

I nā kumukūʻai o kēia manawa, ʻike nā kānakaʻepekema i kahi koke e nalowale loa kēia mau nahele. Akā hāʻawi nā ulu lāʻau o Amazon i ka lewa i ka nui o ka oxygen, he nui nā nui o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.

Kuhiwuhi

Heluhelu 26 26 (pp. 84 - 85). Pane i nā nīnau:

· Kuhi i ka hopena o ʻAmelika Hema. Pehea mākou e wehewehe ai i kā lākou helu nui?

· Aia ma nā wahi kūlohelohe kahi e noho ana i luna?

Hōʻike Pūnaewele

Maino wau

1. Ka Palapala Aina. Honua a me nā kānaka. Pauku 7: He puke mo ka hoʻonaʻauao ākea. haumana / A.P. Kuznetsov, L.E. Saveliev, V.P. Dronov, he ʻano "Spheres". - M.: ʻOihana, 2011.

2. Hoohui. Honua a me nā kānaka. Pauku 7: Atlas. Series "Spheres".

Hoʻohui

1. N.A. Maximov. Ma hope o nā ʻaoʻao o ka palapala palapala kiko. - M .: E aʻo.

Palapala palapala no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka Hui Hoʻonaʻauao Kūlana Mokuʻāina

1. Nā loʻi. Hoikehonua. Helu 6-10: He mau palapala aʻo-methodical manual / A.A. Letyagin. - M .: LLC "Kahumlima" KRPA "Honu": Astrel, AST, 2001. - 284 p.

2. He puke ʻolelo ma ke aniani. Nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo a me nā hana kūpono i ka māhele ʻāina / I. A. Rodionova. - M.: Moscow Lyceum, 1996 .-- 48 p.

3. Hoohui. Nā pane i nā nīnau. Pākuʻi waha, ʻike ʻona a me nā hana hana / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Puka i ka hale "Examination", 2003. - 160 p.

4. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo Thematic e hoʻomākaukau no ka hōʻoia hope a me ka hōʻike. Hoikehonua. - M.: Balass, ed. Hale ʻO RAO, 2005. - 160 p.

Nā Manaʻo Pūnaewele Pūnaewele

1. Ke Kahiāulu Pūnaewele Russian.

2. ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao Lūkia (Source).

3. He haʻawina ma ke kahawai (Source).

4. Hōʻike pūnaewele (Pūnaewele).

5. Encyclopedia a puni ka honua (Source).

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi hewa a i ʻole kahi laha i haki ʻia, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike iā mākou - e hana i kāu hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana.