Nā Papa Manaʻo
E like me nā moles, ʻoi aku ka kokoke loa i ka maka, a i ka hoʻoilo, kū ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, voles mahina a me nā kiʻi wao nahele, nā kānaka maʻamau o nā māla a me nā māla, hoʻonohonoho i ko lākou ala. Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ʻōiwi i nā kauwela mahana, e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia lākou i ka nui a hōʻino ʻia i nā lāʻau ʻōpala.
Vole Kiʻi (Vole)
Palapala Latin: Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779)
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema
Aupuni: Nā holoholona
Kuhi: Nā Chordates
Kūkulu: Vertebrates
Kākau: Nā Mamali
Hoʻopili: Placental
Kauoha: Rodents
Kāohi: Hamster
ʻAno: Keʻe Kahi Uila
ʻAno: Vole maʻamau
E like me nā moles, ʻo nā kiʻīi ʻai e nalo ai i nā lua hohonu, kahiʻokoʻa wale nō i ka mol, ka papa i ka ejection o ka ʻāina mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka vole. ʻO ka punawai ka ʻeleʻele iho a me ka maʻalahi o ka ʻaoʻao. He nui nā komo komo a me ka puka ʻana o Nora, kekahi mau keʻena huna, kahi e hoʻopili ai nā puʻu i nā waiwai a me nā pua. Hiki i nā hōʻeha ke hiki i ka 25 mau mika ka lōʻihi a aia i ka hohonu o 5-35 cm. Hoʻolā wikiwiki lākou: e hānai ana kahi kīhāpai i ʻewalu litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻelima a ʻeono kūmaha kēlā me kēia. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu pākahi, inā ma ka lā Mei 5 mau huina o nā voles e noho ana ma luna o kahi hectary o kahi ʻāina a i ʻole ka ʻāina paʻa, a laila ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa e loaʻa ana he 8.5 tausani mau kānaka e ka ʻōʻohi.
I ka lā, hoʻopau ka kiʻi i ka manawa ma lalo, a i ka pō e hoʻomaka ai ka hana. ʻAʻole e like me ka molala, kahi vole he rodent a ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu. Kūleʻa nā niho o nā lua, no laila pono lākou e hoʻohui mau iā lākou, ka ʻōhū ʻana i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, nā pōpoki, nā waiū a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu. No laila i kēlā me kēia lā ke ʻai lākou i kahi nui o ka hānai i kūpono loa i ke kaumaha o ko lākou kino. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomau ka voles i kaʻai a no laila e ʻai pinepine i ka ʻili i lalo o nā lāʻau.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōpio ma nā ʻōmole hina maʻamau i ke kala a loaʻa ke kāʻei pokole. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ke ʻole o kahi huelo he 12 cm, hina ka ʻōpū, a he ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka hope.
Ma nā ua e hoʻoheheʻe nui paha a i nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo paha ke alakaʻi pinepine nei i ka make nui o ka voles. Hoʻololi ka wai i loko o nā lua a me nā kiʻi, hoʻohemo ʻole i ka pale a make ka malu.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka nui o nā ʻiole ma ko lākou mau ʻenemi maoli, ma mua o nā manu manuʻai. ʻAi ʻo Owl i nā hōʻokoʻa 1000-1200 i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā Foxes, nā martens, nā ʻeke pipi e hānai pono i nā isika. Hoʻopau ʻo Ferret i kēlā me kēia lā ma kahi o 10-12 voles. Hoʻokomo ʻo Weasel me kona kino ʻūlū loa i nā lua a ʻai i nā cubs.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻohiwahiwa e hoʻopili i nā puʻupuʻu ʻelua: ʻōpuhi-hōʻike mai a luku koke ʻia.
ʻO ka hana mua e hana i ka hana ʻana i kahi lāʻau mai nā mea kanu ʻaʻole makemake i ka mea ʻala - ke ʻokeʻo, ke aʻa ʻeleʻele, a me nā māka waiwai emepela.
ʻO ka hana ʻelua, ʻo nā mea me nā ʻala ʻole ʻole e hoʻāla ʻia a paʻa ʻia i nā minks a hele lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. No kēia pahuhopu, kūpono nā lālā ʻōpala a me thuja, nā lau wōnati, nā ʻōpala kākela. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka infusion o ka elderberry a ninini i loko o ka mink: 1 kg o nā lau elderberry hou i infused no ʻelua mau pule i 10 mau wai ka wai a hoʻohana ʻole me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Aia kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e paʻi i nā kiʻina lāʻau mai nā lua: hoʻomāʻoki i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka hulu hulu a i ʻole nā lole me ka wai ammonia a i ʻole kerosene, e kāʻī iā ia i loko o ka wahī o ka pepa me kahi wehe liʻiliʻi no ka puka ʻana o nā mana. Kuhi ʻia kēlā mau "sweets" i loko o nā moʻo i ʻike ʻia.
Hiki iā ʻoe, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, e nānā i nā mea ʻala maikaʻi loa, akā ʻaʻole e poina e pili ana i ka palekana o ka lepo, nā mea kanu a me nā kānaka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolei i nā ʻili ʻoiʻu i nā lua o ka kiʻi, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻili o ka holoholona, e hōʻuluʻolu i kona ola.
Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, ʻaʻole makemake nā kamaʻāina ma lalo o nā leo kani ʻino a me ka haʻalulu ʻana i ka lepo. Hoʻopau ka hoʻowalewale a lulu me nā haʻalulu o ke kuʻikahi, a hoʻāʻo lākou e hele i kahi kū mālie. Kani kekahi poʻe i loko o nā hue ma loko o kahi mokuʻāina ākea a i ka manawa anuanu ka mea e kani ai nā hue. ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe ʻo ka ʻeli ʻana i nā polu liʻiliʻi i loko o ka māla a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou, no ka laʻana, he pāpaʻi alumini a i kapa ʻia nā "mele aloha" (nā ʻākā hikina).
A ʻo ke ʻano ka holomua o ka hakakā he mau pahele. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i nā isika (rodents) ka mea hoihoi nui i ka ʻaina ʻole, akā i nā nati, ka sela a me ka ʻai.
ʻAʻole makemake nā poʻe noho o ka wahi haʻalulu (nā kiole a me nā moles) i nā haʻalulu o ka lepo a ʻo nā kani e kūheʻe i ka honua. Hoʻokuʻu kēia i ka maluhia iā lākou, a hoʻāʻo lākou e hele i kahi wahi palekana. Manaʻo nā māla hānai i ka eli ʻana o nā hue ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā moena, e ʻalo ana iā lākou a kahili ʻo ka ʻāʻī ma luna o ka ʻāina. Ma ka makani ikaika lākou i hana kani i nā kani kūʻī. Ua ʻoluʻolu nui ka poʻe i hoʻāʻo i kēia ala: ʻaʻohe moliki a iole wale paha ma nā moena me nā hue.
No nā poʻe olakino, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia ʻano: lāʻau i kahi lāʻau i ka lepo, kau i ka paila keleawe ma luna o ka hā o luna a me ka hamo i nā manawa pinepine i ka lā. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i nā pilikia ʻelua: e makaʻu aku i nā kiʻi a i ka manawa like e hōʻike i ko lākou huhū.
He kahiko nō hoʻi ʻo nā ʻano kahiko, ʻoi aku ka hana maile a me nā hana kuʻuna. Ua kāwili ʻia ka pulupulu wikiwiki me ka nui o ke kō a me nā mea i pālahalaha ʻia i nā hale o nā pōpoki. I loko o ka ʻōpū, ka lime, e hoʻonā a me ka wai momona, hoʻoulu a hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o nā aila, kahi e hiki ai i ka make o ka holoholona.
ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe ʻo ia e hoʻohui i kekahi mau minuke o ka aila melemeka i kahi hui ʻana o ka nui o ka gypsum a me ka palaoa a kāwī i nā pōpō liʻiliʻi mai ia. Hoʻokahi i loko o ka ʻōpū, paʻakikī nā gypsum i ka make o nā kiʻi.
ʻO nā māla ʻike e nāwaliwali nā poli no ka aila melemoleka, hāʻawi ʻia e kūkulu i nā ʻano pailima maikaʻi, akā maikaʻi. Pono ka ʻāʻī o ke ʻili e hiki ai i ke kaila ke komo i loko. E ninini ʻia kahi ʻaila kulu liʻiliʻi i ka pahu o ka ʻeke, ua ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo a ʻo ke ʻāʻī i ka pae like me ia. ʻO ka vole, ka mea i honi ʻia e ka ʻoni o ka aila, komo i loko o ka pahu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele.
ʻO nā kiʻina mahina - ma ka maka mua, he mau rodors inconspicuous maʻamau kēia me kahi huelo a no nā pā maka hili. Eia naʻe, nā haʻawina o ka voles hauʻoli wale nō i ka manaʻo o nā ʻepekema. I kēia mau miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa kēia mau mea e pili ana i nā 60 subspecies a me nā ʻano o nā kiʻina pālala, a ma kahi ʻenehana, he wikiwiki nui loa kēia. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi loea ke wehe wehe i nā voles āpau; hiki ke hana ʻia kēia, akā ke hoʻohana wale nei i nā ʻano loiloi genetic. Hiki i nā holoholona iā lākou ke kahakaha like kekahi me kekahi a ʻaʻole e aloha i nā poʻe no kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe.
No nā mea ʻepekema, ʻike hewa ʻole ka vole genome - ka nui o ka ʻike hoʻoilina ma loko o nā chromosomes sex (ʻoi aku ka lapuwale wale nō!), A ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻano genetic. ʻO ka huina o nā chromosome ʻokoʻa mai 17 a 64, ʻo kā lākou hoʻonohonoho i nā kāne a me nā wahine i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a ʻokoʻa paha. Me kēia mau mea a pau, he pūʻali mano nā pua nā hua o nā mahina. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hemahema interspecific, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia me ka mana o ka ʻike ʻole ʻole o kekahi i kekahi. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo kēia hilahila hiki ke hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻōiwi, ʻoiai, ma ka Honua, ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hiki ke hoʻohanohano i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolālā - 60 mau lālā ma hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua loaʻa i nā gole vole ka waiwai kūʻokoʻa o ka "hoʻoliʻi pilikino". Maanei e pono ai e wehewehe: i nā holoholona holoholona aiai nā papa o ka ʻenehana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mitochondria, kahi i hana ai ka kāpili ʻana o ka ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid) - kākoʻo ia i nā hana intracellular paʻakikī. ʻO ka mitochondria pono a me ke kūkulu kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i loaʻa iā lākou iho DNA, a me ka membrane, loaʻa iā lākou kahi pūnaehana ponoʻī no ka hana ʻana i nā protein. ʻAʻole i komo mai ka Mitochondrial DNA i ka ʻike pili hoʻoilina a ua "hoʻomaha" ia. A ma nā kiʻina kula, nā ʻāpana DNA mai ka mitochondria e hiki i loko o ka nucleus cell ke hoʻohui a komo i loko o ka genome.
Ke kūʻai nui nei nā ʻoihana nunui o ka honua i ke kālā no ka hana ʻana o ka genes, a loaʻa pinepine naʻe lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huaʻehā. Ua aʻo nā kiʻo Tiny i kēia hana no lākou iho. Inā i ʻōlelo ʻia nā kānaka me ia mau mana, a laila ua hala ka nui o nā maʻi hoʻohele. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia wahi a, malia, e kōkua kēia mau rodents i mea e lanakila ai i nā maʻi nui.
Vole, voles (Arvicolinae a Microtinae) - kahi subfamily o nā rodents i loko o ka ʻohana hamster. Pākuʻi ʻia nā voles, pestles, mole voles, lemmings a muskrats.
ʻO nā subfamila he 7 mau ʻohana, 26 genera a me 143 mau ʻano:
Kūkākuhila ʻia ʻo Arvicolinae
• ʻO Tribe Arvicolini
Ka wai wai, Kaʻu Waiwai (Arvicola)
ʻO Longclaw a me Bedford Voles (Proedromys)
Pestles Kōpaʻa (Eolagurus)
Westwood Pestle (Lemmiscus curtatus)
Nā Kino ʻAkahi (Microtus)
Hui Kahakaha (Chionomys)
ʻAkii Holo (Lagurus)
Blanfordimys
Nā Volny
• Tribe Ondatrini
Muskrat, musk rat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Kauku Myodini
Kashmiri Voles (Hyperacrius)
Nā Pohaku Papa (Alticola)
Nā Kauka Hana, Red Voles (Myodes)
Hālian Hema (Eothenomys)
Arborimus
Piʻumi
Dinaromys
• ʻO Tret Prometheomyini
Prometheus Voles (Prometheomys)
• ʻO Tribe Ellobiini
Aloha Oe (Ellobius)
• Tribe Lemmini - Lemmings
Rawa lemū (Synaptomys)
Nā Lemu (Lemmus)
Nā Lime Hema (Myopus)
• Nā Tribe Neofibrini
Hoʻokani Florida (Neofiber)
• ʻO Tribe Dicrostonychini
Hoofed Lemmings (Dicrostonyx)
ʻO nā rodents liʻiliʻi like-mouse me ke kino lōʻihi 7-36 cm nona nā voles .. ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke kahe ma mua o ke kino - 5-29.5 cm. ʻO nā pāpaona mai 15 g a 1.8 kg. ʻO waho, like lākou i nā kiʻi a me nā mea lālani paha, akā i ka hapa nui he mau ʻokoʻa ia mai o lākou me kahi puʻupuʻu lohi, nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me ka huelo. ʻO ka kala o ka ʻāpana o ke kala maʻamau - hina a ʻulaʻula paha. Nā niho molar i ka hapanui o nā aʻa me nā aʻa, e ulu mau ana, e liʻiliʻi me nā aʻa (ma ka hūnā) Keeth 16.
Ua hoʻololi ka lua o nā mol a me Kashmiri i ke ala o ke ola. ʻO nā voles kekahi (muskrats, nā kiʻi wai), ke ʻano like me ka nui o ke kino nui, alakaʻi i kahi ʻano semi-aquatic.
Ma loko o nā konikina a me nā mokupuni he nui o ka ʻākau ʻĀkau. Ua pau nā palena hema o ka palena ma ʻApelika ʻArika (Libya), ka Middle East, ka ʻĀkau o India, ma ke komohana hema o Kina, ʻo Taiwan, ka Kepani a me nā ʻAlela Komana, ma ʻAmelika Hopu e loaʻa ai lākou ma mua o Guatemala. Ma ke kuahiwi e piʻi ai i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu. Loaʻa ka nui o nā ʻano nui a me nā helu nui i nā wahi ākea o ka pae nanā. Noho pinepine i nā kolone nui. Kahi nā wahi o luna o nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai, a hoʻolilo kekahi mau mea i nā lāʻau o ka ʻai. ʻO ke ola āpau a puni ka makahiki, ʻaʻole e hāʻule i ka wā hānau no ka hoʻoilo. Kūʻai maikaʻi loa, lawe mai i hoʻokahi makahiki mai 1 a 7 mau litters ka nui (ma ka awelika) 3-7 cubs. I kekahi mau holoholona (muskrat, vole Microtus ochrogaster), komo pū nā kāne i ka mālama o ka hua. ʻO ka holo wela o ka wela o ka makahiki, he mau ʻano nō hoʻi kekahi i ka hoʻoilo, ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. Noho ka wahine hāpai 16-30 mau lā. E lilo i poʻe ʻōpio kūʻokoʻa i nā lā 8-35 a hiki koke i ka wā ʻōpiopio. Ma muli o ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka reproduction, ʻo ka nui o ka voles e kau i nā kuhi o nā kuʻuna i nā makahiki. ʻO ka manaʻolana i ke ola ma ke ʻano he mau mahina a hiki i 1-2 mau makahiki. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau kaʻa e holo mai ka ʻĀkau nui o nā troche e ʻākau, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka ʻai nui no lākou.
ʻO nā mau lua he nui nā maʻi huaʻai a me nā mea lawe kūlohelohe o tularemia, leptospirosis a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā skins o nā ʻano nui (muskrats) i mau mea ʻona popoki. Ma muli o ka nui o ka nui a me kona huki ʻana o ka cyclic i nā makahiki, ua loaʻa ka hopena o ka vole i ka nui o nā kānaka predator, no ka laʻana, ka ʻula ʻokeo a me ka lynx o Kanada.
Kahi ʻia nā ʻano o nā mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka International Red Book, me ka "critically endangered" (Critically Endangered):
• Lemming Vinogradov (Dicrostonyx vinogradovi),
• Evoron vole (Microtus evoronensis),
• ʻO Muy vole (Microtus mujanensis),
"hoʻoweliweli":
• Alai mole vole (Ellobius alaicus),
• Ke vole Baluhistan (Microtus kermanensis),
like me ka Vulnerable:
• Central Kashmiri vole (Alticola montosa),
• Ke vole Mekiko (Microtus mexicanus),
• Kōlia Taiwanese (Volemys kikuchii),
• Kāpau ʻApika Iapana (Myodes andersoni)
like "kokoke iā ʻoe"
• Ke kulu lau nahele (Myopus schisticolor).
188300, Leningrad faritra, kūlanakauhale
ʻO Gatchina, Krasnoarmeyskiy prospekt, 1,
tel. (81371) 215-09
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pā kihele kahua
He nui nā ʻano ʻāpana kula. Ma waena o kona mau hoahānau pili.
- ka laulā - maʻamau ka maʻamau maʻamau,
- ʻulaʻula - ka mea noho o nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ʻAsia,
- nā nahele, ke makemake nei i nā ʻāpana alas-steppe nā kaona o Eurasian a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika,
- malalo o lalo - he kamaʻilio o kamaʻilio kūloko a me nā wahi kūluna i ke ākea.
ʻOiai ka ʻokoʻa ʻana, nā ʻāpana āpau i ke ʻano o ka puʻu, i ka ʻohana o nā hamsters, ke ʻano o nā rodents a me ka papa o nā mammals.
ʻIke kīleʻaleʻa
ʻO nā ʻōiwi āpau o ka lua o nā puʻu elongated he mau ʻāʻī elongated poʻo, ʻeleʻele beʻeleʻele (ʻeleʻele a i ʻole he brown), nā pepeiao i ka pepeiao a me kahi lā lōʻihi. ʻO kēia kahi rodent minient me ka lōʻihi o 13 cm, e lōʻihi a hiki i 10 cm, ʻaʻole helu i ka huelo. ʻO ke kaumaha e pili ana i 15 g. ^ E Ha yM. Ma nā pāpālina kiʻekiʻe, nā lapalapa me nā pterygoid nā pōpoki, e like me he mau polapona lākou ma nā pāpālina. He liʻiliʻi ka wāwae, a me ka wāwae o kahi 1,5 - 2 cm. ʻAkole nā peʻa, nuku mai ka eli mau ʻana.
ʻO ka huluhulu o ka holoholona ma hope o ka pena i kahi ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻohe ona palalupula, akā palupalu, pōkole, i loko o nā poʻe kahiko a hali ia i "nā moʻo ikaika", e like me ka hedgehog. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka voles he lei maka ʻeleʻele ma ka kuʻekuʻe. Ma ka ʻōpū, hina ke kapa o ka peʻa.
He hoihoi kēia! Hoʻopili ka kala kala i ka makahiki o ke kiʻi. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā mea hoʻonani ma mua o ko lākou mau ʻōpio, a ʻo nā lauoho hina paha i loaʻa i waena o nā lauoho.
ʻO waho, ʻaʻole kūʻokoʻa ka vole kāne i ka wahine. I hiki ʻole e hilahila i nā kiʻo pāʻai me kāna brownie pili, mālama pono i ko lākou ʻokoʻa.
Kiʻi home | Wāhi pale |
---|---|
ʻEkole, a hiki i 10 cm | ʻOi aku ka piʻo nui loa, a hiki i 13 cm |
He ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ke kua o hope | ʻO Keula ma kahi kaula i waenakonu |
ʻAno keokeo ʻo Abdomen | Hoʻopili mālamalama māmā |
Kālā paʻa | Palapala peni |
Nui nā pepeiao, ākea | He liʻiliʻi ka pepeiao, liʻiliʻi |
Hōʻalo i ke 60% o ke kino | Hōʻalo i 70% o ke kino |
Noho maikaʻi paha nā ʻiʻo kula i ka hale a i ka māla, a ʻo nā hale hale i ka hihiu.
Manaʻo Vole
Ua like nā kiʻo like me nā molika liʻiliʻi ma ke ala o ke ola: ʻeli lākou i nā ʻuʻuku i kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao o ka honua a neʻe aku ma waena o lākou. Ke ʻeli ʻana, e kiola nā kahe a ka ʻaoʻao ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao, no laila e pālahalaha nui ka ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao, a ʻo ka "puka" mai ia mai, ʻaʻole e like me ka mole, akā mai ka ʻaoʻao mai. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i lalo o ka uhi ʻana o ka hoʻoilo.
Nui! ʻAʻole ola ka ʻōpiopio i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai i ke anuanu ka mea e pono ai lākou e neʻe ikaika a huli i nā meaʻai. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana nā kiʻi i nā lāʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ke kauwela i nā huki-pantries.
Noho lākou i loko o nā minks a i ʻole nā wahi e pono ai: ma lalo o nā lālā, nā ʻōpala o nā mauʻu, i nā kohe, etc. Inā kūkulu ka ʻaka i kona lua, e hoʻomāhuahua a nui hoʻi ia. Ma ka hohonu o ka 5 a hiki i ka 35 cm aia kahi labyrinth mai 4 a 25 25 m ka lōʻihi o nā lumi mālama a me kahi pānaʻi, me kekahi mau puka pōpilikia, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi wai inu.
I ke ao, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā mea ʻoi kula e hūnā i lalo o ka ʻāina a me ka hiamoe, a ma ke ao ua lilo lākou i ka hana. ^ E Ha yM. Kolo lākou i ka ʻili a ʻimi i ka meaʻai, ʻikupeke a kokoke nā mea āpau e hālāwai ai ma ke ala: nā mea kanu, nā pua pua, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻoki ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau. I ka huli ʻana o ka hānai kūpono, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā neʻe maoli.
Holo holo maikaʻi ka holo ʻana, e neʻe ana me ka hana "jump". ʻIke lākou i ka ʻaʻe ʻana, akā makemake lākou e pale aku. Noho pinepine ma nā koloni, pinepine ma ka nui: 1 a ʻoi aku paha nā hoahānau wahine a ʻoi pū kekahi mau hanauna o kā lākou mamo.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Hiki ke loaʻa kēia rodent i aneane a puni ka honua, koe wale no nā kihi ʻae loa:
- ma ka mokupuni o ʻEulopa, e komo pū ana me Finlandia a me Denemaka,
- i Siberia a me na Urals,
- i nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka nahele o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (i nā palena o Guatemala),
- loaʻa iā lākou ma Asia - China, Mongolia, Taiwan,
- mai ke kūkulu hema, ʻokoʻa ʻia ka pae o Libya (ʻĀpana ʻAmelika) a me ʻAmelika ʻākau,
ʻOiai ka inoa, ʻike pinepine nā voles i waena o ka mahina. Maikaʻi ka nui o nā mauhelehele no lākou, no laila ua koho lākou i nā nahele, nā kipa lāʻau, nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a me nā wahi e kokoke ana i kahi noho kanaka: nā hale kuʻi, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hakahaka, nā hale kūpono i loko o ka māla a me ka māla lāʻau. Hiki i nā ʻōpiopio ke piʻi i loko o ka hale a noho ma lalo o ka hale, ma lalo o ka hū ʻana o ka paia, i loko o ke hāliʻi, i loko o ka papana insulation.
He hoihoi kēia! Inā maloō ka ʻōpala, a ʻaʻole kahi mākiki akamai e hana i ka lua, akā e kanu nō ia i ka pūhaka pōpō o ka mauʻu, kahi e kau ai ma kahi lālā kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu lāʻau.
ʻO nā wai nui, i nā wā o ka wā lōʻihi, nā kulu hoʻoilo, nā wai nui o nā holoholona i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai, a nui ka make ʻana.
ʻO ka kiʻina pālona
ʻO ka Vole kahi mea kanu koʻikoʻi. No ka mea ia no ka ʻohana hamster, ulu kona mau niho i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, no laila hāʻawi ka manikina i kā lākou hoʻokō mau. E wehewehe kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kiʻi ua hoʻokuʻi mau i kekahi mea. I loko o ka lā, e ʻai kahi pāʻai i ka nui o nā meaʻai e like me kona kau pono.
E ʻai ana ka kiʻo i nā mea āpau e hiki ai ke loaʻa mai nā mea kanu:
- nā mea kanu a me kā lākou hua,
- nā huaʻala
- ʻāleʻa, me nā cones,
- palaoa
- nā mea kanu, nā aʻa, nā ʻōpala, nā hua kanu,
- nā pua a me nā pua o nā mea ʻala,
- ʻōpili palā o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpiopio.
ʻO nā pahu hoʻoilo i nā kāʻei o nā kahe mahinaʻai hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o 3 kg.
Pahu a keiki
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela wela a hiki i ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, voles pinepine i ka ulu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ke kiʻī ma ka lā 21-23 mau lā. I ka wā holo, hiki i ka wahine ke hāʻawi aku i nā 8 litters, ma mua o 3-4, i kēlā me kēia mea e lawe ai i nā 5-6 mau kekaki. ʻO ke kumu kēia, inā i ka wā 5 i ʻelua mau pōkole o ka voles i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka pūnaewele, ma ka hopena o ke kauwela ua hiki i ka nui o nā ʻiole ke hōʻea i 8-9 mano.
Ke hānau maoli nei nā ʻōpio, ua makapō nā maka. Akā, ʻo kā lākou hoʻomohala wikiwiki loa.
- hū ʻia ka ʻike ma ka lā 12-14,
- ma hope o 20 mau lā e hiki iā lākou ke ola me ka ʻole o ka makuahine.
- ma hope o 3 mau mahina a hiki i mua ke hiki iā lākou ke hānau keiki.
He hoihoi kēia! Aia nā hihia i ka wā e lilo ai nā wahine wahine i ka lā 13 o ko lākou ola a lawe mai i nā keiki ola i ka lā 33 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Ma muli o ka uluʻana o ke ʻano i nā isika ua nui nā ʻenemi e palena i ko lākou heluna. ʻO ka mea nui o ka lawaiʻa vole manu he manu manu no ka ʻai: nā manu, nā haole, nā kāne, a me nā mea hel i nui ka ʻai ʻana ma mua o 1000 mau māka i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No kekahi mau holoholona - nā alopeke, nā mea ulana, nā martens, nā trochees - nā kiʻi ka kumu nui, kokoke loa i ka meaʻai. E hopu ʻia kahi ferret a ʻai i nā lālani 10-12 i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻopilikia aku ka weasel no nā rodents no ka mea he pāʻai a me ka pānaʻi ʻia, ka mea maʻalahi ke komo i loko o nā ʻuʻuku a ʻai i nā pipi ma laila. ʻO kahi hedgehog, nahesa a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hauʻoli kekahi pōpoki i kahi vole.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻOkoʻa loa nā kiʻi Vole. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kānakaʻepekema aia ma mua o 60 mau ʻano a me nā subspecies. I waho, he paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou; wale nō ke ʻano o nā loiloi gen ke kūpono no ka ʻike.
He hoihoi kēia! Hōʻalo maikaʻi lākou iā lākou iho i kekahi mau ʻohana mai kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe a mai aloha ʻole me lākou. Pehea lākou e wehewehe ai i nā ʻokoʻa interspecific ʻaʻole i wehewehe.
ʻO ke ʻano kuʻina ʻepekema ka vole kiʻiona: ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā ʻano a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā chromosome moena. ʻO ka nui o nā chromosome mai 17 a 64, a i loko o nā kāne a me nā wahine i laua a he hoʻokahi a ʻokoʻa paha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻano hilinaʻi. I loko o kahi litter, nā pōpoki āpau he clones genetic.
ʻO kekahi ʻano waiwai ʻokoʻa o ka heluna o nā kiʻina kīwaha ʻo ia ka "hoʻoliʻi-a" pono i nā huaʻina i loko o ke kinipona mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke kelepona (mitochondria). I kēia manawa, ua hakakā nui ka ʻepekema a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana gen i nā kānaka, ʻoiai ma ka voles ua hana ʻo ia no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana wale nō no nā poʻe ʻepekema he puna pīpī holomua i loko o ka pākēlē o ka pākeke i nā makahiki miliona i hala.
ʻOiai he holoholona koʻikoʻi ka ʻiole, ʻo ia ka mea nui e hilinaʻi nei i ka makahiki a me ka wā.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaopopo mākou he lūlū o ka ulu a me ka "demographic hole" i loko o nā volhe e hoʻololi hou ʻia ma kahi o 3-5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona ma ka heluna kanaka ka mea ma kahi o 2000 mau kiʻi ma ka 1 hectare o ka ʻāpana, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa - 100 holoholona i kēlā hectare. ʻO ka ʻohana rodent, ma kahi o nā kiʻi, loaʻa i nā lemmings a me nā muskrats.
Nā kipa o nā māla, nā māla a me nā māla lāʻau
I nā makahiki he ikaika loa ka hana ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ka pōʻino o ka mea a ka vole i nā mea kanu.
- gawa o lalo lalo papa, kahi e make ai ka mea kanu i ke kumuwaʻo,
- hao i nā hua a me nā melons,
- koi nā hua ʻala a me nā hua,
- e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau.
ʻAi nā ʻōpiopio i nā huahana mahiʻai o nā mea kanu ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻāina, akā nō hoʻi i nā mea i waiho ai, ma nā hale kiʻekiʻe, i nā pakanā a me nā waihona.
Nui! ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo ua paʻa ka ʻohana o nā puʻu i kāu pūnaewele: ʻo ke kolone ka ʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo "runway" - nā koena i waiho ʻia ma ka papa mai ka ʻeli ʻana i nā ala waena o lalo.
Nā mea ʻona kupaianaha
Hiki i ka kiʻina kula nui ke lilo i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi nui, ka nui o nā mea kumu kumu i hiki ai ke hoʻopiʻi i ka make o nā kānaka. ʻO nā holoholona nani a me ke kalaʻole, maʻa mau i ka nui, hiki i ke kumu:
- typhoid
- leptospirosis,
- tularemia
- nā maʻi ʻāpana erysipelas
- toxoplasmosis,
- salmonellosis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe
Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike kaulana me kā lākou hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūlohelohe maoli o ka maʻi i ka wahi o Transcaucasian.
Pehea e hana ai me kahi vole
Ma muli o ka pilikia o ka mahiʻai, a ma ke olakino a me ke ola ʻana, pono kekahi e ʻimi e kaupalena i ka nui o nā pālima. No kēia, ua kau ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka hakakā:
- prophylactic passive - ke kaomi ʻana i nā kahe mai nā wahi e noho ai ka poʻe a me nā ʻoihana mahiai.
- kūlike - nā hana i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka luku koke ʻana i nā rodents.
Hoʻokomo mākou i nā kahe mahinaʻai
I loko o kēia kiko o ke kau ʻana, he mea kūpono e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu no ke kanu ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, ʻaʻole like ka haki o nā moʻo. I waena o lākou - ke kāleka, ka aʻa ʻeleʻele, calendula, mint, wormwood, tansy a me nā mea kanu ikaika a me nā hua hou. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻole nā mea kanu iā lākou iho, akā, he ʻaila koʻikoʻi, e waiho i nā ʻāpana o ka hulu hipa i pulu ʻia i loko o lākou e kokoke ana i kahi e kuhi ʻia ai nā wahi mau kiʻi. I kekahi manawa, lilo ka ammonia, hoʻohana ʻia no ka waihona like. Hōʻalo i nā hiʻona spilled.
ʻO kahi koho pilikino ʻē aʻe o ka makaʻu ʻana i ka mīkini a i ʻole nā mea uila wili e hana ai i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka mauʻu ka noho ʻana ma kahi o ka hana. Hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai aku ma nā hale kūʻai. ʻO kahi ʻano "home" kahi kīlaha he pahu wīwī i ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻowalewale ʻia i loko o ka aniani. ʻO nā paʻi ma nā polima ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pā o ka pā a me ka "mele aloha" a kau ʻia ma luna o nā kumulāʻau (e hoʻokani ana i nā lāʻau a i ʻole paha) e hana like. He mea ʻole ka noho o nā ʻiole i ka pae a me ka hale, ʻo ia ka "hoʻomāhala" i ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli - ʻo ka ʻinā.
Vole luku
"I ke kaua" maikaʻi nā mea a pau. Inā hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka huaʻai a me nā ʻāina ʻāina me ka hōʻeha ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia nā hana koʻikoʻi. Hāʻawi ka mea kaua i ka hana kuʻuna a me nā ʻoihana hana i kēia mau koho aʻe no ka hakakā ʻana i nā voles ʻaʻole no ke ola, akā no ka make.
- "Plombus plaster" - kāwili ʻia i ka palaoa palaoa me ka lime a i ʻole gypsum. E make ana kekahi kaona koʻikoʻi mai kēlā maunu mai ka koko i loko o ka ʻōpū.
- Na pua Poile - i nā hale kūʻai ulu hiki ke kūʻai iā ʻoe i nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka mea hao ma ke ʻano o nā papa ʻaina a māla paha. Ke hoʻomoe nei, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe iā lākou me kou mau lima ou, inā ʻaʻole e paʻi ʻia nā kiʻi akamai iā lākou. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano pōmole ua hopena i ka hopena, a ua hoʻokō nā lāʻau hoʻomākiu e hoʻopu i ko lākou mau hoa kū.
Nui! ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano inā hiki i ka pōpoki a ʻīlio paha ke leʻaleʻa ma nā ʻiole make - hiki ke make i ka ola o kahi holoholona.
- Nā mea luku kino nā ʻano o nā mousetraps āpau. ʻAʻole kūleʻa inā nui ka nui o ka ʻiole.
- Nā ʻalo - hele mai nā mea mahiʻai me nā koho like ʻole, mai kahi kau i kau ai ma luna o ka moni i hāʻule i ka kiʻi, ke waiho ʻia ma lalo nei, i kahi māhu i kanu ʻia i ka lepo me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻaila lā. ʻAi ʻia nā paepae mākaukau no ke kūʻai aku. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe, he papa me kahi kohu kūikawā i hoʻopili ʻia, e hoʻopili ai ka ʻiole.
Wahi a ka waiwai i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ka kuke kuʻuna, akā nā nīnū, ke kīkī, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo, ka berena me ka ʻaila ʻaila e nani i ka puʻupuʻu no ka voles. ʻO kekahi manawa maikaʻi ʻole e pili pū ana me nā hana hoʻopaʻi āpau ʻo ia ka pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine a hoʻoiho i nā moʻo make.
No ke aha hikiʻole ke hoʻopau loa i ka voles
E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka honua honua, noho nā voles i ko lākou wahi i ka nological kaila. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua nahele, ua palena lākou i ka ulu ʻana o ka uhi i nā lau nahele, ka mea e pale ai i nā kumulāʻau i ka wā ʻole i ka mālamalama, a laila mālama lākou i nā ulu lāʻau. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ʻo kā lākou kuleana i ke kaulahao meaʻai he mea nui loa no ka nui o nā manu o ka mea honu a me nā holoholona hānai. I loko o ia mau makahiki he liʻiliʻi na nā kaika, ka nui o nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻeke a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana i nā voles, a emi mai kekahi mau ʻano o ka lua pele a hopohopo a pale ʻia:
- Eurona
- Muisky
- Baluchistan,
- mexican
- ʻĀpana Kepani
- Taiwanese
- Central Kashmir.
Nā hana kūpono
No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻehā ʻana o ka noho ʻana i kāu pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe:
- i pōloʻi paha he ʻīlio
- mai kiola aku i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻiole, kaomi nui,
- ʻaʻole e ʻae ʻia ka littering o ka pūnaewele me ka papaʻa ʻana i nā waihona ma ke ahi, nā wahie, nā mea pono ʻole, a me nā mea pono.
- ka hūnā ʻana i ka honua, me ka luku ʻana i nā "grooves" o nā kiʻina.
- ka manawa kūpono e pani i nā lālā ʻokiʻoki, nā lau, nā lau a me nā lau lāʻau ʻē aʻe.
No ke kūleʻa i nā lua, pono ke noi ʻia kahi ala hoʻohui e hoʻohui i ka pale ʻana, hana i kahi kūlohelohe ʻole no nā rodents a me ka luku kino ʻana.
Kiole Vole: wehewehe
ʻO kahi kiʻomua vole he pūpono ia e ʻokoʻa ʻole i nā nui nui mai kona mau hoahānau. E ulu ana kēia mau mea ola i 130 mm ka lōʻihi, aʻo 70% o kēlā me kēia hiʻu. ʻAʻole ʻino nā maka maka nui a ka holoholona a he muzzle kuhikuhi ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pepeiao o ka holoholona i ke poʻo a kani i mua. ʻOiai ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka rodent ke hōʻeha i ka nui o ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka kiʻi i ka lole palaka, paʻakikī, nona ka beige, hina a ʻulaʻula paha, hilinaʻi i ka noho maʻamau. Ma ke kua ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi kaila ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lōʻihi, a me ka hapa lalo o ka ʻōpū e paʻi ʻia. Kūpaʻa ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka rodent i ka makahiki: he ʻeleʻele a me ke kino ʻōpiopio ke ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio he pālahalaha iki aku, a ʻo ka poʻe kahiko ke ʻokoʻa i kahi pale beige, me ka waiho ʻia o nā lauoho hina.
Ua kī ʻia kēia pōpoki ma ʻEulopa, ma Kina, Taiwan, a me Mongolia. ʻOiaiʻo kona inoa - he kīla mahina, ʻaʻole makemake ka mea hana e noho ai i ka mahina, akā koho i nā wahi i kau ʻia ma nā kihi lāʻau me ka nui o ka mauʻu. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke koho i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hale kuʻuna a me nā wahi noho. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hoʻoilo, e neʻe ka kiʻala ma nā wahi i mālama ʻia e ka mauʻu, ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Hiki iā lākou ke kali i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā lua i ʻoka ʻole. I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke ʻeli i nā lua no lākou iho, a hiki i 4 mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi o nā puka i waho e alakaʻi mau i kahi kōpana. Eia kekahi, aia kahi wahi no kahi pā, ʻo ka mea no nā lako meaʻai. Loaʻa lākou ma kahi hohonu o 1 mika. Kūkulu kahi koho ʻoihana i nā wahi me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano e pili ana i nā wahi marshy.
He momona loa ka rodent. Lawe ʻia ka hoʻoponopono hou mai ka puna a i ka hopena o ka hopena. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki i ka holoholona ke alakaʻi i nā pilala he 4, me ka helu o nā ʻiole a hiki i ka 4 a i ʻole 5. No laila, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi maʻi. I ia wā, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka pulehu e pua.
Maikaʻi iki he rodent mai kona mau hoahānau he maʻalahi, e like me nā ʻano o nā hōʻailona ʻano. Ma ke ʻano he:
- Loaʻa i kēia holoholona holoholona kahi paina ka lōʻihi loa i kona kua.
- ʻO nā kiʻiona Vole liʻiliʻi ka nui.
- ʻO nā ʻōlapa, ma ka helehelena, like like me nā hamaur Daurian, akā he lōʻihi ʻoi aku ia.
- Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Vole i ka lōʻihi o ke anilike ma kahi o 100 lā.
- Hiki i nā kiole ke kū i loko o nā lumi i mālama ai ka hua.
- I ka hopena, makemake nui nā ʻiole vole i nā wahi ʻeke no kā lākou ola.
Hoʻomaopopo! E like me ke kānāwai, ua hoʻoikaika nā rodents i ka pōʻeleʻele, akā i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻomaha i ka wā o ka lā. ʻAʻole hānau kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻoilo, no laila pono lākou e ʻai mau i kahi mea.
ʻO nā kumu no ka helehelena
E neʻe mau kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Ma ka hale ʻaina a māla paha hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa mau i kahi mea e loaʻa ai mai nā kālā. Hiki ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai nā lā wale nō ke kauwela, ke ulu ia e ka mea nona, akā, no ka hoʻoilo hoʻi, ke kūʻai aku nei ka mea nona ka huahana nā meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo. No laila, inā he maloʻo, nā lumi mālama, nā hale inu, nā cellars, a me nā mea i lilo i mea nani loa.Ai ka mea, hiki i kahi vole ke komo i loko o ka noho o kahi kanaka. E ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i loko o ka lumi kuke, kahi hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ka ʻai a me ka wai. Komo ʻo ia i ka hale ma loko o nā ʻapu ʻē aʻe i ka papahele, ma o nā puka hāmama a me nā puka, inā ʻaʻohe mea paʻa iā ia.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana ua puka ʻia kekahi kiʻi i ka hale ʻaʻole paʻakikī. Hāʻawi ʻia kona hele ʻana i kahi ʻala "mouse" kaulana, me ka ʻae ʻana ma ka papahele a i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o nā koena o ka hana koʻikoʻi o kēia holoholona. Ma ka māla, ʻaʻole paʻakikī a hoʻoholo i ke alo o kahi vole e ka heleʻana o nā minks. Eia kekahi, hopu mau lākou i kekahi mea. ʻO kēia no ka ulu ʻana o nā niho o kahi rodent i ke ola holoʻokoʻa a pono e ʻāʻū ʻia. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai nā kiole i ka ʻala o nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole, a me nā hua hua lāʻau, e hōʻoli i ka nui o nā mea kanu lāʻau.
Hōʻalo i nā kānaka
Nui loa kēia koʻokoʻo ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka mauhe, no laila maikaʻi loa ia no ka mahiʻai. Ua hao lakou i ka mea ai i ke kula, aole i ohiia ia, a ma kahi o na hale kamala, a me nā hale ʻē aʻe kahi e waiho ai nā meaʻai. Ke makemake lākou i ka ʻai, akā makemake mau lākou i ka ʻai, ʻai lākou i ka palaoa, ʻomaila, nā ʻāhuʻula o ka la, kāpeti, kāloti, beets, etc.
I ka wā e komo ai lākou i ka puʻupuʻu, hiki iā lākou ke luku i nā lāʻau a pau, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hao wale e hao wale ai a hiki ʻole ke ʻai ʻia kekahi kanaka i ia mau huahana. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, neʻe ka mea kino i kahi ma kahi e hoʻomaka ai e ʻai i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia, e hōʻeha ana i ka pōʻino i ka hua i ʻike ʻole ʻia. No laila, inā ʻike ʻia kekahi kiʻi vole ma luna o ka pūnaewele, pono ia e hana koke i nā hana e luku ai a peʻa paha.Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia rodent e hoʻohuli koke.
Pehea e hana ai me nā kiʻī puki
I mea e loaʻa ai kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka hakakā ʻana me ke kolikāla, pono e alakaʻi ʻia kekahi o nā kumu. Ma ke ʻano he:
- Pono ia e hoʻohana i nā kaʻina pale e pale ai i ka nānā ʻana o nā rodents i loko o kahi hale ʻāina a i ʻole kahi hale pilikino.
- ʻAʻole loa e lilo i ka make loa e hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana kino inā he nui nā pōpilikia ma luna o ka pūnaewele.
I nā makahiki o ke kenekulia, ua piʻi mai ka poʻe me kahi ton o ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā pōpoki. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia 3 mau ala nui e hoʻokele i nā rodents:
- Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hana kuʻemaka e pili ana i ka nohona a maikaʻi ʻole i nā kānaka.
- Ke hoʻoikaika kino kino o ka hakakā ʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano āpau, nā mousetraps, mau mea hoʻohālikelike, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- Hoʻokumu i nā mea kemikela, ma ke ʻano o nā mea ʻaha, nā aerosols, decoys, etc. A me nā mea hoʻomake lāʻau kemika e hana maikaʻi lākou i kā lākou hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka pōloli, akā ʻaʻole lākou palekana i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona.
Ke koho nei i kekahi ala a i ʻole kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e haʻalele ai i kēia mau holoholona makana, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke ʻano o nā hakakā. ʻO kēia ke ala wale no e wehe ai i nā rodents a ʻaʻole hōʻino i kou olakino, me ka hua e hiki mai ana.
ʻO nā hopena palekana
Kupanaha paha, akā aia kahi kanaka, aia nā mauona. No laila, ua loaʻa ka poʻe i kahi ʻimi i hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai o kahi ʻano kūlike. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi kanaka, ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokolokolo a me ka hala, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea kanu i haʻalele ʻia a hoʻomaka e hoʻomākaukau i nā infusions a me nā decoction e pili ana iā lākou, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau mea hou a maloʻo paha. No laila, hoʻomaka i ka hakakā me nā isika, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomo o ka kemika i kahi hihia koʻikoʻi, me ka hōʻike maoli ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā mea kūlohelohe.
Nā ʻāpana ʻana mai nā kānaka i nā kiʻina kula.
- ʻO ka palaoa palaoa a me ka lime ka mea i lawe ʻia i loko o nā kumukūʻai like, a me kahi pōkole o ka paʻakai. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili pū nā mea kanu a pau a kāwili pū. Hōʻike ʻia ka bait ma nā pahu liʻiliʻi a kau ʻia i kahi e makemake ai nā rodents e ʻike. Ma hope o ka maunu, pono ʻoe e kau i ka wai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e holo ka hana ola. Ke ʻai ka ʻai, e inu koke ia i ka wai, e hoʻōla i ka lime. ʻO ka hopena, hana ke koko i ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona, ke alakaʻi nei i ka make.
- I ke kauwela, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kekahi mau mea kanu, e like me ka ʻala, ka mint, ledum, tansy, etc.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pua honu i loko o nā pahu i loko o ka lumi kuke, i loko o nā hale inu, nā ʻikena a me nā keʻena kahi e hiki ai i kēia mau holoholona ke mālama. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pou o nā ʻano lāʻau like me ka puni o ka hale holoʻokoʻa o ka hale, a ua pili ʻia nō hoʻi me nā lāʻau hua.
- Inā ʻaʻohe mau mea kanu, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā aila kūpono o kēia mau mea kanu. ^ E Ha yM. Inā hoʻomake ʻoe i ka ʻaila ʻaʻole ma kahi nui o ka ʻāpana a waiho iā lākou i nā wahi o ka ʻāpana loa o ka koʻokoʻo, a laila ma kēia mau wahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā aila ʻalā o nā kumulāʻau koniferous, nā hua citrus, a me nā aila ʻoni ʻili.
Ke ʻano kino o ka hakakā
ʻO ka hapa nui ka makemake o ka poʻe e hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana he nui e kāohi ai i nā voles. I ka manawa like, pono ʻoe e kū mau, i kēlā me kēia kakahiaka, e kāpae i nā koʻikoʻi make. Nui nā hana hoʻonaʻauao kanaka e mālama i ke ola o kēia mau holoholona, akā eia ʻoe pono ʻoe e mākaukau no ka ʻike e hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia nā kiʻi e lawe hou i ka hua. I kekahi hihia, e ʻike ʻia lākou me nā hoalauna no ka maopopo.
Maikaʻi maikaʻi nā pahele i hana ʻia, me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana. Nā loea home:
- Kau ka pa. He kūpono ka lula ʻānela, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lem kūikawā, kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia no kēia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā mea i hoʻohālikelike i nā rodents me kā lākou momona. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻonohonohoʻana e komo pū me kahi meaʻawa. No ka hana ʻana i kahi pahele, pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe a kau i ka hoʻopili me nā ʻāpana a hiki i ka 5 cm ākea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kau ʻana i kahi mau ma waena o ka pahele (pono), e hana hou i ka pahele.
- ʻO Mousetrap mai kahi. ^ E Ha yM. Ua lawe ʻia he pahu lita mahe a hāʻule ka bait ma lalo. Ua uhi ʻia nā paia o ka pahu i kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka pata. Pono e hoʻokomo i ka pahu pahu i hiki ai ke maʻalahi i ka rodent i loko o ka pahu. Inā e kū nei ka maʻi, a laila hiki ʻole ka pōpī ke puka i waho.