Na kahiki kuikahi (lat. Heterocephalus glaber) - kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma ʻAmelika hikina, i nā semi-deses a me nā pāpū maloʻo o ʻAsia, Kenya a me Somalia. ʻO kahi holoholona kupaianaha nāna i hōʻiliʻili i nā mana o ka physiological kūʻokoʻa i kahi mamalia, a me ka ʻoi ana i loko o kāna ʻoihana kaiāulu, e kūʻokoʻa loa no nā ʻelele o ke aupuni holoholona.
Kaukaʻi ʻana o ka ʻiole molole mau
ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi mea ʻala aole o na mea maikai loa. He like paha ka holoholona i kahi o nā kahe hou a i ʻole nā molole a me nā molole.
ʻO ka peʻe pinkish-hina o ka excavator ʻaʻole ma kahi lauoho. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā vibrissae (lōʻihi nā lauoho) e kōkua ana i ke alima makapō i ka holo ʻana i lalo o nā kaohi ʻāina, akā ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi o lākou.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻiole ʻo kaole mole ma mua o 10 cm, e waiho ana i kahi huelo liʻiliʻi 3-4 cm. ʻO ka laulā o ke kino ma ka pae o 35 - 40 g. Ua aneane ʻelua a me ke koʻikoʻi ka rodent wahine - ma kahi o 60-70 gr.
Hoʻohui ʻia ke ʻano kino i ke ʻano lalo o ke ʻano holoholona. Na kahiki kuikahi neʻe ma luna o nā wāwae ʻehā pōkole, ma waena o nā manamana lima o nā lauoho ulu e ulu ana, e kōkua ana i ka holoholona i ʻeli ai i ka lepo.
ʻO nā maka liʻiliʻi me nā ʻike liʻiliʻi a me nā koina liʻiliʻi e hōʻike pū ana i ka holoholona ma lalo o ka holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoluʻolu ka ʻano o ka ʻili o ka holoholona a hoʻokaʻawale maoli ʻia - loaʻa i ka ʻulaʻā o ka olfactory ka mea ʻona, ʻo ka manaʻo hou aʻe o ka honi i ka wā e pono ai ka poʻe i ʻike i ko lākou pili i ke kūlana. He wahi koʻikoʻi kēia, ʻoiai ka mea ola o kahi holoholona lalo i ke alakaʻi ʻana i kona kūlana.
Hoʻoulu ʻia nā niho mua ʻelua e ulu ana mai ka ʻāʻī luna ma luna o ke ʻala ʻala no ka holoholona. Hū nui nā niho i mua, e ʻae i ka lehelehe e pani i ka waha e paʻa loa i ka inglin o ka honua.
ʻGerslelo hilahila nā holoholona i ke anuanu
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka ʻiole molole mau
He mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa i ka mamalia i hiki ke hoʻokūkū me ka kiʻole molole i ʻike ʻia e ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā hana o nā waihona ola.
- -Ke koko. ^ E Ha yM. E like me nā reptile a me nā reptile, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea pākela i ka mahana a puni. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, noho wale nā holoholona i ʻAmelika wela, kahi kahi o ka manawa o ka honua i kahi hohonu o ka ʻelua mau māka ʻaʻole hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hypothermia o ka holoholona. ʻO nā holoholona hoʻoikaika e hoʻopau i ka hana ma ka pō. Hōʻemi ka wela i kēia manawa, no laila, hiamoe like ka mau kiole a me nā lālani, ke hoʻopili pū kekahi i kekahi.
- ʻO ka hemahema o ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea e hoʻouna ai i kahi hōʻailona o ke ʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokoe kūlohelohe ua haki wale ʻia i ka excavator. ʻAʻole ʻike ka holoholona i ka ʻeha i ka wā o ka hōʻoki ʻana, ke kakili, a hiki i ka wā i ʻike ʻia i ka waikawa i ka ʻili.
- ʻO ka hiki ke noho ma nā kūlana o ka nele o ka oxygen. ^ E Ha yM. Kālili ʻia nā kaila i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i nā keri hana a ka hohonu ma lalo o ka hohonu. Nā ʻōkōlani wahine ʻōpiopio Hoʻopau i nā kūlana o ka nele o ka oxygen. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā nui o nā nīnika ʻulaʻula i loko o nā holoholona i lalo o ka holoholona, e mea maʻalahi iā ia ke komo i nā oxygen a pau i ka labyrinth. ʻāleʻa molole kahe he haʻahaʻa loa ka ea. I ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka pololi oxygen, hiki i ka holoholona ke hala aku i ka hapalua hola, ʻaʻole kēia alakaʻi i ka hana lolo ʻole i ka make a me ka make o nā pūleʻa o kahi ʻeliʻu liʻiliʻi.
Ke lilo ka oxygen i nui a hoʻihoʻi ka holoholona i kāna ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hoʻihoʻi ka hana āpau a pau i ka lolo me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino.
Hiki i kahi ʻōliki moloka ke hana me ka ʻole o ka oxygen no kahi mau minuke 30. ʻaʻole hōʻino i ke olakino
- Kahu ʻia ke kino mai nā ʻokiʻoki a me nā maʻi. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa, ʻimi mau nā poʻe ʻepekema i nā kākō kahu. Ua hiki i ka ʻike ke kumu o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka maʻi kanikele he ʻano hyaluronic maʻamau i loaʻa i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona, E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka hana o kēia waikawa ke hoʻemi ʻana i ka hiolo ʻana i ka ʻai microbial, me ka mālama pū hoʻi i ka elasticity o ka ʻili a hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻoliʻemi wai. No laila, i nā kiole mole, hoʻāʻo ka paʻakai i ka momona mololi, e like ʻole me kā mākou - ke kaupaona haʻahaʻa.
Hōʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o kēia hoʻololi e pili ana me ka pono e hoʻonui i ka elasticity o ka ʻili a me nā elastity o nā maʻi a nā holoholona i hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i lalo i nā hakahaka i lalo o kā lākou labyrinth i lalo.
- ʻO ka hiki ke ola mau loa ʻōpio. Toʻaneʻa e ʻike nā mea āpau i ke kumu o ka hiki ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino. ʻO kēia no nā radical manuahi e hele mai ana i ka wā o ka hoʻonā o ka oxygen, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale i ka membrane o nā aʻehā a me DNA. Eia naʻe, mālama ʻia kahi holoholona kūikawā mai kēia mau hopena maikaʻi. Noho mālie kāna mau ʻōhua i nā hana hoʻoiho no hoʻokahi mau makahiki.
- ʻO ka hiki ke hana me ka wai ʻole. No ke ola holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole inu nā hakahaka kōkeke i hoʻokahi pākahi o ka wai! Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi lākou me ka umu nāʻu a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā meaʻai.
- Hiki i ke neʻe i kekahi wahi. Eia hoʻi e hoʻoneʻe ʻia e kēia kaha ma ka nohona pae lalo. ʻO nā wahī liʻiliʻi nā holoholona i ʻeli a paʻa loa ka paʻakikī e huli i loko o lākou. No laila, hiki i ka hiki ke neʻe i mua a huli i loko o ia mau ʻano ke hoʻohuli wale ʻia nei.
Nā pili pili
Hoʻopili ka ʻohana digger ʻelima mau ʻano he ʻumikumamāono. Loaʻa lākou a pau ma Sub-Saharan Africa. ʻO ka mea pili pili loa o ka kaoleole kaole e pili ana i ka mole ʻo Cape.
Noho ka ʻiole ʻohe mau lālani noho i nā savannahs a me semi-deses o Somalia. Aia ia i ka aʻa a me ka wai o nā mea kanu, ʻelua manu a mālama.
ʻO kekahi manawa ka ʻai ʻo ka lālani molelole i hapa wale i kekahi hapa o ka puna wai i loaʻa a hoʻopiha i ka lua i loko o ka ʻāina i ulu ka ʻuala, no laila e hāʻawi ka holoholona i ka ʻai no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Loaʻa i ka mea ʻoka hilahila nā pono wai āpau mai nā mea kanu, no laila hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o ka inu. ʻAʻohe lehelehe waki a ka lālani huna. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā koina, nā aʻa e kū i mua a i hope paha o nā molars, ka mea i kūkulu ai i nā ʻāpana o nā kuʻuna o luna.
I mea e pale ʻole ai i ke one me ka wehe ʻana i ka nostrils, hoʻomalu ʻia lākou mai luna mai e ka hoʻopuni ʻili, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "lip hūpeke". Ke hele lohi loa ka metabolism o kēia holoholona, kahi mea e welo nei i ka haʻahaʻa o ka haʻahaʻa o kona kino, aia wale nō i ka 30-35 ° C. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka holoholona holoholona i ka meaʻai ma mua o nā mammals o ka pā like.
ʻ lifestylelelo ola kaila
ʻAʻole ia he corny social social life of under under rodents. Noho ola nā mea ʻili ma na kumu o ke anthill - e na kolone ma kahi e noho alii ai ka matriarchy. ʻO ka Mōʻīwahine wale nō ka wahine e kū pono i ka hua.
Ke kōkua nei ka poʻe i koe o ke koloni (a ʻo ko lākou helu he ʻelua haneli) e kahele i nā kuleana ma waena o lākou iho - ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ke ahonui a me nā mea e hānai ana i nā snoopers mai ka ʻenemi wale ʻana o nā mea ʻala, a nā ʻuʻuku a me nā mea liʻiliʻi e mālama i ka wā ʻōpiopio a ʻimi lākou i ka ʻai.
Hoʻopili nā wahi ma lalo o nā kākela hana ʻole, ka laina o ka laina lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea hana, i alakaʻi ʻia e nā niho ikaika, hana i ke ala, ma ka hele ʻana i ka honua i kekahi ma hope, a pēlā aku i loko o kahi kaulahao, a hiki i ka honua i kiola ʻia aku e ka holoholona hope. I hoʻokahi makahiki, lawe a kahi kolana kēia i nā ʻekolu mau lepo.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻāina ma kahi hohonu o ʻelua mau mika a hiki ke lōʻihi o ʻelima mau mile. E like me nā popo nā lālā o nā mea ʻala ʻapo e hoʻopihapiha i nā labyrinths me ka pantry no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā lumi no ka ulu ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio, nā wahi hoʻokaʻawale i nā mōʻīwahine.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā mea kikoʻī he manawa kikoʻī no ka hana hānai. E hoʻohālikelike ka mōʻī wahine i nā keiki ma kēlā me kēia he 10 mau pule. Noho ke kiaʻi ma kahi o 70 mau lā. I ka litter o nā wahine, ʻo ka helu palapala o nā cubs no nā mammals ka 15 mai ka 27.
He ʻumikumamālua nā ʻōpio a ka wahine, akā ʻaʻole kēia he mea pilikia i ka waiū o nā pēpē a pau. Hōʻulu ka mōʻī wahine iā lākou ma kahi mahina. Ma hope o kēia manawa, lilo ka mea pākiki i kahi limahana hana a hui pū me nā ʻohana makua.
ʻO nā lālani molole kahe i ʻike ʻia i ka wā ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā, ʻo ka mōʻīwahine i ʻae ʻia e mare a hānai i hua. No ka hōʻole ʻole, hiki i kahi autocrat palu ke hōʻeha nui i kahi lālā kolone hewa, a hiki i ka make ʻana o kahi holoholona.
Ehia mau ʻuehue e noho nei? ʻAʻole e like me nā hoalauna a me nā kiʻi, ʻike pono ʻia ka mea ʻeli lohi ma lalo. I ka awelika, ola ka holoholona i ka 26-28 mau makahiki, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka ʻōpio o ke kino a me ka hiki ke pena hou ma ke ala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonui
ʻO ka Offspring i loko o ka kolone e lawe wale i ka mōʻī wahine wahine. Ua hānai ʻo ia me kekahi mau kāne momona, a e mau ana kā lākou pilina no nā makahiki he nui. Noho ke kiaʻi ma kahi o 70 mau lā. Hiki i ka mōʻīwahine ke lawe i kahi litter hou i kēlā me kēia lā 80 mau makahiki, ma kahi makahiki he 5 mau litters. Ma kahi o kahi pēpē ma mua o 2 g. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā cubes ma loko o ka litter a ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea āpau o kēia pā nui. Ma waena o 12 a 27 (ka nui o ka nui o nā mammals), ʻoiai he 12 mau ʻōpio a ka wahine. Ua hoʻokū ʻia nā haʻawina e nā zoologists ʻAmelika mai ke Kulanui ʻo Cornell, ʻo ka nui o ka waiū i ka wahine e ʻae ai nā pipi e hānai aku. No laila, i nā lālani molole mau lālani, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka launa ʻana ma ka wā ʻōpio. Ua hānai ka mōʻī wahine i nā cubs no 4 wiki, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻololi i ka meaʻai paʻa i nā makahiki 2 mau pule. ʻAi ʻia nā kerubima i nā poli, kahi mea i hūnā ʻia e nā mea hana, no laila loaʻa lākou i ka flora bacterial pono no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā meaʻai kanu.
Hoʻomaka ka poʻe hana ʻōpio i nā hana o nā limahana i nā makahiki he 3-4. Hiki i ka physiologically kūlohelohe, lilo lākou i ka makahiki 1 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ola ʻana o nā kiole molekole ka wili i ʻike ʻole ʻia no nā keiki liʻiliʻi: i ka noho pio ʻana ua ola a hiki i 26 mau makahiki. Noho ka noho aliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi o 13-18 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole maopopo ʻia nā mea hana e kākoʻo ana i ke ola kiʻekiʻe ʻoi loa.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Hōʻailona: Naked Digger
ʻO ka mauhe ʻōmole ʻākeʻake ka kuleana i ka ʻohana o nā mea mau heihei. ʻO kēia ʻohana līlika e pili ana i nā moʻomeheu Aferika o nā keiki manu, ua ʻike ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema 6 ʻano genera a me 22 mau ʻano o nā kāwili mai lākou. Ke hele nei i loko o ka mōʻaukala, pono e ʻike ʻia ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻohana koʻikoʻi rodents mai ka manawa Neogene mai, a i kēlā manawa manawa, ua noho ʻo kēia ʻano rodents ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia, ma kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai.
No ka manawa mua, ʻike ʻia kekahi kahe mole ʻole ʻole i ka kenekulia 19 a ka ʻenekema kūlohelohe Kelemane ʻo Ruppel, ka mea i loaʻa me ka lāʻau koʻikoʻi a kuhi hewa i kahi kiʻo maʻi i nalowale i ka lauoho ma muli o kahi maʻi. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻohe nānā kūikawā i ka mea ʻili, ua aʻo kekahi poʻe ʻepekema wale nō i ko lākou ʻano ʻano kaila ʻokoʻa. I ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻenehana no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka code genetic, ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi mau hiʻohiʻona he nui o kēia mau mea kūlima.
Wikiō: Kaʻi Pūnaewele
Ka mea, ʻaʻole kolo ko nā lālani molole mau i nā makahiki me ke ʻano o ka makahiki, ke kū nei ka ikaika a me ke olakino. ʻO ka iwi o kā lākou iwi iwi e haki, paʻa ka naʻau, hana pono ʻole kā lākou hana. ʻO ke kahaha, ua mau nā ʻano ola a pau, ʻaʻole me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wā e ulu ai lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā poli ʻohe mau lālani he ʻeono mau manawa ma mua o ka nui o ke ola i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ke ʻano o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ke noho nei nā rodents mai 2 a 5 mau makahiki, a he eli hiki ke ola i kahi 30 (a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi), me ka ʻole o ka ʻōpua.
Ke noi nei i kēia mau mea ʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema he nui o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano i loaʻa i nā excavator, a ʻo ia hoʻi:
- insensitivity iā ʻeha
- hopohopo a kūʻē i ka waikawa (ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka wela a me ka lākana i ke ahi),
- -ke koko
- ka loaʻa ʻana o ka make nui (ole i loaʻa ʻole mai ke kanesa, hōʻeha ka naʻau, nā hōʻeha, ka maʻi maʻi maʻi āpau, etc.),
- hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o ka oxygen like no 20 mau minuke,
- ke ola lōʻihi no nā rodents.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻekepili kahawai ma lalo o ka hale
He liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻiole kahe, ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma kahi o 12 cm, a ʻo ka laulā mai 30 ka 60 grama. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, hiki ke kaupaona i ka hapalua like he nui a ko lākou mau haku. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ke ʻano o ke kiko o ka excavator, ke poʻo nui o ke poʻo o kahi rodent nui, a ʻo ka lima ʻōpū pōkole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka nānā wale ʻia ke kani kino o ka mole, eia nō naʻe ka lauoho o ka lauoho ua lulu ʻia i loko o kona kino, akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā papaka.
Mahalo i ka ʻili i nā ʻili, ʻili ʻia nā mea kipa ma nā wahi paʻa, e like me ka mea e oloka ai ka poʻe rodents i loko o ko lākou kino i ka wā e hana ai i ka U-huli. ʻO nā mea kākāki he mau mea hoʻonani like-chisel e kū nei ma waho o ka waha, i waho, i kā lākou mau holoholona i kālai ʻia, e like me nā mea kākāʻulu. ʻO nā mea hoihoi mai ka waha o ka honua i pale ʻia e kā lākou mau kāpili ma kahi o nā mea i loaʻa. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ikaika loa ka iwi ākea o nā loiloi he nui ʻia ka nui o ka iwi uaua.
He makapō nā poʻe huluhulu, he liʻiliʻi loa ko lākou mau maka (0,5 mm) a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā kukui o ka mālamalama a me ka pouli. Hiki iā lākou ke hele i ka lewa me ke kōkua o vibrissae, ʻaʻole i loaʻa wale i ka wahi o ka muzzle, akā pū nō hoʻi i loko o ke kino, e hana kēia mau lauoho koʻikoʻi e like me nā hui tactile. ʻOiai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā ʻilikina o kēia mau rodents (he ʻano ʻili kino kēlā), ke hoʻolohe maikaʻi nei lākou, ke kāhea nei i nā leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Maikaʻi maikaʻi loa ka ʻano o nā mea ʻimiʻaka. Ka laulā, ka ʻili paʻa i ka ʻili o ke kino o ka excavator ma ka ulaula i loko o ke kala a ʻohi ʻia ia me nā wrinkles.
Aia i hea ka noho ʻana o ka ʻiole lālani?
Kiʻi kiʻi: Rodent ʻili ʻili
Noho ka poʻe hoʻāliʻi āpau ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika wela, ʻo ia hoʻi, kona ʻaoʻao hikina, e aloha ana i nā wahi hema ma ka wao nahele ʻo Sahara. ʻO nā lālani mau kaole o nā lālani, aia ka ʻike pinepine loa i ka ʻāina savannah a me semi-wao ma Somalia. Eia nō hoʻi, noho nā poʻe hulahula me Kenya a me ʻAitiopa, e noho ana i nā wahi ʻino o nā ʻalā arid kahe a me nā semi-deses. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka manawa i noho ai ka poʻe ʻalekona me Mongolia a me ʻIseraʻela, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mea no nā koena o nā holoholona i ʻike ʻia ma kēia mau ʻāina. I kēia lā, ʻokoʻa ka ʻeli i loko o ʻApelika.
E like me ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia, e noho ana nā mea pīhoihoi ma nā wahi ākea (i nā savesa o nā semi-deses), makemake nā rodents i ka one a me ka ʻāina maloʻo, hiki ke piʻi i nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kilomita. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea like ʻole e noho ana i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka honua, e ʻeli ana i nā labyrinth hohonu i lalo me nā mana o ko lākou mana, me ka nui o nā kaila ornate, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia mau hola.ʻAʻole loa i hiki ke ʻike ka ʻelima ma luna o ka papa, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia iā lākou.
I kekahi manawa hele wale nō nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka manawa o ka noho ʻana. ʻOi loa a kūlike i ka like me ka lepo pākuʻi ʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka mea ʻalupule, hiki iā lākou ke eli i loko o ia mea (a i ʻole, he gnaw) i loko o nā ʻāpana he nui o nā catacombs, e hoʻomoʻi ana i ka hohonu i ka lepo mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa i ʻelua mau mika.
No ke aha ʻaʻole ʻōpiopio ka mole ʻōpio?
Ua wehe ke ʻano o ka mea āpau i ka genetics, ua mālama ka evolution i ke kahe mau o ka molole a, ʻaʻole like me nā kānaka like ʻole, e ʻae iā ia e hoʻomohala i kahi genome i nele i nā ala āpau i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, a he mau ʻano pili i ke kanaka i kēia hakakā. ʻO nā holoholona maʻamau ka mea e make i nā makahiki mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana ʻaʻole i noho lōʻihi - ʻaʻohe pono o ke kuhi e hoʻomohala i ka genotype pono no ke ola lōʻihi inā ʻo ke kumu nui e haʻalele i nā hua ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana o kahi mea e ʻānai ʻia ai ʻoe.
Noho ka ʻiole pōkole mau maka i lalo o ka ʻāina a ʻaʻohe ona mau ʻenemi kūleʻa - no laila, ua ulu ka ulu ʻana i ka genome i ke kahua o ka lōʻihi a me nā maʻi. Hana ʻia nā ʻano like like i loko o nā holoholona ʻē loa i pale maikaʻi loa mai nā mea ʻenemi, no ka laʻana: ola nā elepana i ka lōʻihi o nā holoholona like like ʻole me ka like ʻole o lākou i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, nā mākaʻi nui nā mea i mālama ʻia e nā mea kanu a no laila ua hoʻomohala i nā hana palekana e pale ai i ka ʻōpio. Ua kākau wau e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka ma kahi ʻatikala:
Nui nā mea i ʻike i ka genetics lāne kaole molole i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema Lūkia, akā he mau kāne male i noho i ʻAmelika: Vera Gorbunova lāuaʻo Andrei Seluyanov, e hana nei i ka ʻoihana o ka biology kahiko ma Rotcher University. Ua aʻo lākou i nā pūlea o nā kaheleole makolino a hoʻohālikelike i ko lākou ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me nā hana hoʻokaʻina i nā mea i ʻoi aku i loko o nā pūpū o nā mau māka kūlohelohe e ola no nā makahiki keu aku. Ua hoʻokō lākou i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻa e kaohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā cell i loko o ka kiole molelino a pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa ma ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano hyaluronic acid i loko o nā pū. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, hyaluronic acid, i kēia manawa ke kūʻai ʻia nei i loko o nā papa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka waikawa i hana ʻia i loko o nā sela o nā kiole molole.
He nui ka maʻamau o ko mākou poʻe me ka ʻano o ka kahe a ka mole kūlohelohe: aia nō kekahi ala genetic e hana ana i ka acid hyaluronic, akā naʻe ke ʻano ikaika o ka enzyme e pili ai i kēia kaʻina no laila ʻaʻole i lawa, hiki paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻokūkū CRISPR a i ʻole nā lāʻau maʻamau ke hana ma kēlā me kēia enzyme - a laila hiki i ke kanaka ke kūʻē i ka maʻi mau a me ka ʻōpio, e like me kahi kahe mole kaole.
I lāne kaole molole i ka huina, aia kekahi mau hana pono e kōkua iā ia e hoʻoulu ai i ka hōʻea a me ke maʻi maʻi:
- Ka hana o ka hana ʻana o ka hana hyaluronic koʻikoʻi
- ʻO ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻōla pololei o nā protein e pono ai no ke ola
- ʻO ka hana no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā palepale i hoʻopau ʻia a me nā pōpoki o nā cellular mai ke kino
Ua hoʻomaopopo mua nā poʻe noiʻi i nā hana o kēia mau kaʻina hana, kahi ʻike piha i hiki ke hana i ka lapaʻau genetic o nā maʻi hiki ʻole ke hōʻoki ʻia a hiki hoʻi i ka nāwaliwali ka palekana a palekana i nā kānaka.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ke kumu nui o nā meaʻaiʻai no kēia mau holoholona ʻo ia kahi o lalo o nā mea kanu, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā aʻa, nā mea momona a me nā kūleʻa e hele i nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole pono nā mea pīkī i ka wai, nā wai holoʻokoʻa e pono ai iā lākou me ka meaʻai. Hiki i nā poʻe pilikino i paʻa ʻia ke ʻai i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.
ʻAi ka ʻeli ʻana i ka hua.
Loaʻa kākahu ʻekele ma ke Kulanui o State ma Moscow
nā lālā o kāhi ʻikepili o Moscow Kulanui ʻOihana
ʻAʻohe mea ʻumi lawehala i loko o Rūsia, akā ua lawe ʻia mai mākou iā mākou e aʻo i nā hana o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka wā lōkō i Kepakemapa 2016. I kēia manawa ma MSU he heluna holoʻokoʻa o lākou, e piha ana i ka nui o nā pipa plastik, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā koloni - he 25 wale nō kēlā kanaka, akā hoʻolālā ʻia ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka koloni e 10 mau manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki. Loaʻa i kahi manawa i ka nānā ʻana i ka excavator kapa huna ma ka pūnaewele, ua kau lākou i nā kāmela pūnaewele ma ke Kulanui o Moscow State, e nānā ma ka pūnaewele hulahula ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻohuli a me ka noho ʻana
ʻO kekahi mea kupaianaha ʻo ia nā kaheole molole i noho i loko o nā ʻohana, ʻo ka maʻamau ka mana o kēia ʻano i nā pi me nā popo. Ma ke poʻo o ka ʻohana āpau ka wahine - ke mōʻī, no ka pālahalaha o laila he mau 2 - 3 mau punahele ʻaʻole e loli i ka wā o ke ola o ka wahine.
ʻO kekahi ʻohana nui o nā mea ʻili kūleʻa.
Loaʻa i ke koena o ka kāne nā kuleana e like me: ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā komo, loaʻa ka ʻai, kākili i nā kaila a me ka mālama ʻana o nā keiki.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, loli nā ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hana o nā mea ʻeli. Ka nānā pono ʻana o ka wahine i ka mālama pono ʻana i ka ʻina. ʻO kekahi hewa ʻole e hoʻopaʻi koke ʻia. Inā make ka mōʻī, a laila lawe ʻia kona wahi e ka poʻe ikaika e lanakila ana i kona inoa ma kahi hakakā me nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonui wikiwiki ka wahine hou o ka mea ʻimi i ka lōʻihi ma waena o ka vertebrae, ʻo ia ka wikiwiki o ka paona, a ma hope o ka wahine i mākaukau no ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē.
Hānau ʻia nā pēpē 80 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻOiai naʻe he 12 mau ʻōpio a ʻo ka wahine, a ʻo ka nui o nā pēpē i hiki ke 27, ka waiū a lawa no ka poʻe āpau. Mālama a ʻai liʻiliʻi nā mea liʻiliʻi.
He wahi ʻoluʻolu hohonu i ka lua i kahi kūpono no ka hiamoe mālie.
Hōʻeu ka hānai ʻia i nā cubs e pili ana i 4 wiki, akā e hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻāʻo i ka meaʻai paʻa mai ka lua o ke pule o ke ola. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lau ʻana o ka laulani, ʻai nā keiki i nā feces o nā pākeke e hana nei. No laila, hana lākou i ka flora flora. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ua mākaukau nā poʻe ʻōpio no ka hoʻoulu.
I waena o nā rodents, nā mole molole noho ākea ka lōʻihi o ke ola. Ua noho ola nā mōʻī ma ka wao nahele no 18 mau makahiki, a ua kākau ʻia nā ʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ka noho pio ʻana i ka wā i ola ai kēia mau holoholona i 26 mau makahiki a i kēia manawa hana ʻole lākou.
ʻO ka waiwai o nā mauika mol ka kamaʻilio no nā kānaka
I ko lākou mau wahi, he nui loa kēia mau holoholona. I kekahi mau hihia, kumu lākou i ka hōʻino nui ʻana i nā mea mahiʻai. I ka hapa pinepine, ua loaʻa kēia mau mea kanu i nā mea kanu lāʻau e ulu ai ka mea momona.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
He aha ke ʻano o ka mea ʻili hubela? ʻO ke kiʻi a me nā wehewehe
ʻO kekahi mau manawa i kapa ʻia nā ʻiole i kapa ʻia ka inoa o nā kiʻī a nalo, akā he palena wale nō ka hele mai o kēia mau rodents.
ʻAʻole nui ka holoholona, ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 12 cm, he 30-60 mau ka kaupaona.
He kino cylindrical i ke kino me ke poʻo ke poʻo nui a pōkole lima ʻelima lima lima.
E ʻoliʻoli nā mea huluhulu, akā aia nō kekahi mau lauoho i laha ʻia ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, a me nā wāwae.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻili i hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou i ka hiki ke hoʻōki wale i nā wahi paʻa: hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻeke i lalo i kona ʻili i ka wā o ka wili. Hiki i ke rodent ke maʻalahi a neʻe i mua, a hoʻi pinepine i ka neʻe ʻana a hoʻi i waho o ka lua me ka huli ʻole.
ʻO nā mea hoʻonani līkelē e kūlū ana mai ka puʻu waha, hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona no ka eli ʻana. No ka pale ʻana i ka honua i hāʻule i loko o kou waha, aia nā lehelehe uhi e pili ana i ka lauoho ma hope o nā mea incisors. No laila ua hāmama ka waha, no laila e ʻōlelo ai, ma hope o nā niho wela.
ʻO ka mea hana hulahula kūlohelohe i ke kiʻi e hōʻike ana i kona mau niho kūʻokoʻa.
Me ka ola ʻana o ka poʻe e holo ana i ka pouli piha, he liʻiliʻi ko lākou mau maka. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻike i kekahi mea, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka mālamalama a me ka pouli. Pono ka pā e ʻike ai i ke ala i loko o ka lua; no kēia kumu, nā lauoho koʻikoʻi - vibrissae, e ulu ana ma ke kino o nā holoholona i kahi hana hoʻomau - lawelawe pololei. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻono maikaʻi a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana ma nā manawa haʻahaʻa (ʻoiai ke hoʻemi ʻia ka auricle i kahi cushion leathery).
Nā mea ʻala maoli
Noho ka holoholona i nā puʻu i lalo o lalo. Keli lākou i nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o ka neʻe ʻana, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o hiki ke loaʻa i kahi mau mile. Ma ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā nests, pantries a me nā latrines, ke kumu o nā ʻōlapa ʻōnaehana o ka ʻimi e loaʻa ai ka ʻai.
I ka ʻeli ʻana o kahi mea ʻowalewai i ka pāki, hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i ka lepo me kona mau wāwae i lalo. A laila e ala ana i kona mau wāwae mua, ke hali aku nei ʻo ia i nā wāwae ʻelua e kau i ka ʻāina a kiola. Ke hōʻiliʻili ka puʻu, e neʻe ka holoholona i ke ku e ʻana, e kaohi ana i ka lepo ma hope ona. Mai ka puka o ka lua o ka lua, ua kiola aku nei ka rodent i kahi ʻano wai puna, a ʻo ka lua o ke ana ke kūleʻa he ʻano lua pele. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hana pū: ka ʻeli a kekahi, hoʻoneʻe ka lua i ka lepo, a ʻo ke kolu hoʻi i kiola aku i ka lua. ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka manawa pinepine, lilo ia i pōʻino o nā nahelehele.
E maʻalahi ka eli ʻana me ka palupalu a hoʻomoʻa ka lepo. No laila, ma hope o ka ua, ua ikaika nui ka mea pīhoihoi: i ka malama mua ma hope o ka ua, hiki i kahi kolika o nā holoholona ke ʻeli i 1 km o nā ana, a ma ka manawa like e hoʻolei aku ma mua o 2 mau toneleka lepo!
Noho ka mahana i loko o ka lua i ke ao a ʻokoʻa ka hopena o ka wela o ka maka. I ka noho ʻana o nā mea pīhoihoi, hiki ke hiki i ka mahana o ka ʻāina pae i 60 ° C, a ma kahi lua ma kahi hohonu o 20 cm ma lalo o ka lepo ua aneane mau loa ia - 28-30 ° C. A ma muli o kēia, aneane ua pau nā holoholona i ka hiki i kā lākou hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka mahana o ke kino, e pale ai iā lākou mai ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lua. Inā pono e hoʻololi ka nahu e ʻohi ai i ka mahana, hōʻiliʻili lākou i loko o kahi ahu e mālama ai i ka mahana, aiʻole ʻoka i nā lua wai. I ka hihia o ka wela loa, ua hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā pā ma nā wahi maikaʻi loa o ko lākou mau home.
Kauʻai
He mau mea kanu nā mea hana ʻilima. E hānai wale lākou i nā aʻa a me nā rhizome o nā mea kanu like ʻole. Loaʻa kēia mau mea āpau me ka ʻole o ka piʻi ʻana i ka maka a ke ʻeli nei i nā kahiki.
I ka wā e ʻai ai, kākā ka poʻe ʻeli i nā ʻāpana me nā wāwae o mua, e lūlū iā lākou mai ka ʻōpū mai, ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana me ka hana lima, a laila e pipiʻi i nā niho o kā lākou pāpale.
ʻAno pili ʻohana
ʻO nā ʻōlima molole laila i hana ʻia i nā kolone me kahi hoʻolālā pilikino e like me nā popo. Aia kahi kolana i ka nui o nā kānaka he 80, a ʻo kona poʻo he mōʻīwahine wahine, ʻo ia kekahi a me ka hapalua a ʻelua mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. Me ka nui o nā hana a me nā poʻe nui ʻē aʻe, hoʻolilo ʻo ia i nā manawa a pau i ka pūnana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke hāʻawi nei nā mea hana i kahi alapona, kū pū ka hui āpau no ka kolone.
Hoʻokahi wale ke aliʻi wahine i nā ʻāpana, a ʻo ko lākou mau kūpuna he 2-3 kāne i wae ʻia e ia. ʻAʻole kolo ka poʻe koena koe, ʻo kā lākou hopena ka hana a hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka ʻohana.
ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi e hana nui ʻia i nā kolone. ʻO kā lākou kuleana nui ka eli ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā lua, loaʻa i ka meaʻai a me ka lako.
Mālama nā lālā a pau o ka ʻohana i nā cubs i hānau ʻia i ka mōʻī, a ma hope o ka hānai ʻana i nā pipi e komo ana i loko o ka laina o nā limahana. Ke noho nei kekahi poʻe hana ma ko lākou ola āpau, a ʻoi aku kekahi e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapa o ka koloni. No kēia poʻe nunui i lilo ai kekahi i mōʻīwahine, a na kekahi e punahele a me nā makua o kāna mau keiki. A make ka mōʻī, hoʻomaka a hakakā kekahi manawa ma waena o kekahi mau wahine, a hiki i kekahi o ia wahi ke kūlana kūlana.
Hoʻonui nui ʻia ke kino o ke aliʻi wahine (ka palahalaha ʻia ʻo ka vertebrae i nā wā hāpai mua ʻia), a kōkua kēia i ke kamaʻilio ʻana i nā ʻano broods nui o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka maʻamau, e hānau ana ka wahine i nā pēpē 11-12, akā ʻo ka nui o ka brood hiki ke 28.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻōkohu i nā lālā o ko lākou koloni e ka ʻoni, he kūaloko lākou i nā malihini.
Kanikau
Noho nā mea huluhulu i nā palekana palekana, palekana iki, no laila ua liʻiliʻi lākou i nā ʻenemi ma mua o nā wahi o ka ʻāina. I kekahi mau lā wale nō e hū ʻia nā holoholona o ka noho wale ʻana ma lalo o ka nahesa, akā ʻo ka mea pinepine ka reptile e kali wale iā lākou ma ka ihu. No laila, no ka laʻana, miki kahelehele mole ma luna o nā kiole mole ke kiola lākou i ka honua mai loko o ka lua. Hoʻopili ke reptile i kona poʻo i ka lua a kali ʻo ia e hele mai ka holoholona me kahi ʻāpana hou o ka honua.
Hiki i nā mea hana keke ke hōʻeha i kahi pōʻino nui i ka ʻoihana, hoʻopau i nā hua a me nā mea kanu ai. Pili ka poʻe i kēia ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopau i ke kumu o kēlā mau pilikia. Ma kahi kaʻina ʻē aʻe, nā mauole mol, e like me nā moles, i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ma ke kaiapuni: he poʻe nui lākou i ke kahe ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka lepo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā kāwele hubela
- Loaʻa nā moole molole i nā mana kiʻekiʻe no nā rodents (a hiki i 30 mau makahiki). A i kahi wā lahilahi, ikaika nā holoholona a me nā kelepona, a ʻo ka make pinepine nō ka maʻi o nā niho o nā mea i uwē ai, a i ʻole i nā hakakā kekahi.
- He keu maikaʻi loa nā holoholona a loaʻa ʻole i ka maʻi kanikani. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hōʻeha, ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau, ka maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e ala iā lākou. ʻAʻole hoʻi e kuolo ko lākou kino i ka manawa a pau.
- ʻO ka lālani ʻo kaole ʻoi wale ka mea hana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ai a ʻaʻole hoʻi e pane i ka pau a me ka wela.
- A hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o ka oxygen a hiki i 20 mau minuke!
Nā mea ʻekiki ākea i kēia manawa ma lalo o ka nānā o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema. Me kēia mau mea hana like ʻole, ʻike ka ʻepekema i ka hoʻoponopono i ka mea huna o nā ʻōpio mau loa.
Kūleʻa pololei - noho ʻoe i kahi lōʻihi
Ma ka hiʻohiʻona o kā mākou kupuna kāne, ʻike mākou i kahi kanaka, i hala i ka laina o 50-60 mau makahiki, e hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu a me ka nalo lohi i kāna mau hana. ʻO ka hapanui o nā holoholona he like nā hana e pili ana i ka wā kahiko: lilo lākou i ka palaka, ka māhu, ua nalowale ko lākou mau maka a me nā niho, pilikia i ka atherosclerosis, ʻeha ʻia i ka ʻeha pūpū. Akā, ʻo ka mea i huli ʻia, i waena o nā mea he nui e ulu ana e like me nā kānāwai āpau, aia kekahi mau mea kūʻokoʻa nāwaliwali nā hopena o ka manawa. A ʻo kēia waiwai o lākou, e hāʻawi ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola, ua huli ʻia i pili loa i nā kūlana ola.
ʻO ka mea ka hana o kekahi ʻano kuʻuna o ke waiho ʻana i ka hua, e hoʻoili i kāna ʻano genetone i nā hanauna o hope aku. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e noho ana i nā kūlana kahi e lūlū ai nā mea hānai iā lākou e ola wikiwiki a ola. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hānai nui i nā nui a ola i ke ola pōkole ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika o ka holoholona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻenemi a loaʻa ke ola nui loa. Hiki ke ʻike pono i kēia hiʻohiʻona: ola ke kiʻi no ʻekolu mau makahiki, ka rabi - 12 mau makahiki, ka wolf - 16 mau makahiki, ka tiger - 25, ka brown brown - 30, ka hippopotamus - 40, ka elepani - 70. ʻO ka mea paʻa i ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā mammals e hoʻomohala ana i kēia kaulahao ʻo ia ke koholā. ʻaʻohe ona enemi kūlohelohe a hiki a ola ma kahi o 200 makahiki. ʻO nā ʻūhā ʻino, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke kohola, ʻaʻole nō hoʻi he mau ʻenemi (no ka mea hoʻonani kupanaha) a ola a hoʻokahi haneri a ʻoi paha mau makahiki. ʻO nā mea a pau i loaʻa nā mea ʻalopona, nā ʻēheu, nā manamana ikaika a me nā mākau lōʻihi e hōʻike ana i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi.
ʻAʻole hona o kā mākou maneine a me nā ʻuʻuku, ʻaʻole hiki ke kaena i ka kinilima (ʻaʻole nō ʻo ia ʻo ka hulu) a me ka nui o ka mea nui (ʻo kona paona he 30 g ka lōʻihi o 10 cm). Akā ua hiki iā ia ke ʻimi i kahi hopena kumu nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i ka pale mai nā mea kahakaha a me ke ola lōʻihi. E like me nā Kristiano mua i hōʻino ʻia e nā luna Roma, hele aku ʻo ia ma lalo, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai iā ia.
ʻO ka wahi noho o ka ʻiole kahekaole i East Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia a me Somalia). I ka lepo maloʻo a maloʻo-ʻoka, ʻeli ke kahaki i nā catacombs o nā kaohi ma lalo o ke aniani a me ka hapalua a ʻelua mau ʻāpana me kahi wahi o ka pā pôpeku nunui, e ʻāʻī ana iā lākou me ko lākou mau niho mua. Noho lākou i nā noho paʻa a hiki i nā mea he 300 nui, ʻaʻole loa i hele mai i ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaʻole inu ʻihi i ka wai, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai mai ko lākou mau wahi meaʻai - nā mea kanu kanu Pyrenacantha malvifolia.
ʻO ka "ʻikipili" i hoʻouna ʻia e ʻimi i nā mākeke waiho meaʻai no ko lākou mau ʻohana a ua hāʻule ʻo ia i nā kūpeʻe, ʻaʻole e hoʻouka koke iā lākou, akā e hāʻawi pū i ke ʻano o ke ʻano: "Nā kunana, nā meaʻai!". ʻO ka nui o nā hōʻailona leo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā mea ʻepekema me nā mea ʻala ʻikepili, kahi i kamaʻilio pū ai lāua me kēlā me kēia, he nui loa: he 20 mau ʻano like ʻole.
Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka ana ke hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi noho hou o ka ʻōwili hulina e hoʻomaka ana me ka hālāwai ʻana o kahi wahine a me kahi kāne mai nā wahi like ʻole i haʻalele i ka hale o ko lākou makuakāne a hoʻoholo e hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. I kekahi hihia, ma ka noho pio ʻana, makemake kēia mau holoholona i nā hoa pili no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana mai nā “ʻohana”, akā, mai nā kolana ʻē aʻe, e pale aku i nā hihia.
- No ka pae o ke kaiāulu o ka ʻalekōlani ka ʻili i ka huaʻāina (ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kaiāulu) a he mau mea like me nā ʻohana o ka piʻolima a me nā semela. Ua hoʻokumu lākou i ka launa a me ke kōkua kūloko, a me ka pono kīwī, i ka ʻāpana i nā hale. Be pili anaʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻala ma ka hoʻoponopono he "limahana" a "koa", nona wale nō ka hana pono e hana a make, e mālama ana i kā lākou mau hoa. ʻO nā mea nui a pau a kokoke wale nō nā ʻenemi o nā heihei molole mau. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o ka wiwo ʻole o nā kiʻiki i kapa ʻole ʻia, i hoʻopili ʻia e ke ʻano: i ka maka pōpilikia, ʻo ka mea nāna i ʻōpio ka mea "lawe" i hōʻailona ma kona mau hoahānau e pihi ana lākou i ka puka ma hope, a laila e ʻoki ana i ke ala e hoʻi ai, . ^ E Ha yM.
- Ma kahi o nā poʻe hana pilikino, nui nā kāne kāne - ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha no ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i kuleana no ka hana hou. A ma luna pono o kēia puʻuwai kaiāulu ke kaikamahine wahine e hānau ana i nā hua o nā mea lālani molole. He nui a koʻikoʻi nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka wahine ke hānau i ʻekolu a ʻeono paha mau manawa i ka makahiki, ʻelua mau keneta liʻiliʻi ʻona i kaupaona ʻia ma mua o kahi grama. Ua hana ʻia kahi makana wahine i nā kahe kamelo welo i kahi lehelehe i hānau ʻia - 900 cubs a 11 mau makahiki.
- Hānau ʻia i ke kūlohelohe, hānai ʻia nā mea kipa e nā wāhine i komo pū me kēia ʻoihana. I ʻOkakopa 2015, ua hoʻopuka ka poʻe ʻepekema o Iapana i kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka hana i hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu no ka hānau ʻole ʻana i ka ʻikepili wahine i lilo koke ai i "nannies" a hōʻike i ka hopohopo nui no nā keiki ʻē aʻe. Ka mea, ua ʻai lākou i nā loina o ka mōʻī wahine, ka nui o ka nui o ka wahine estradiol wahine.
Nā kaikuaʻana Gene
A ʻo ke kumu nui o kēia neʻe i ka hala o ke ʻano o ka wā kahiko i ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau o ka ʻōlelo. ʻAʻole elemakule nā lālani molole laikona, mai hoʻopilikia i ka atherosclerosis a me ka maʻi diabetes, mālama i ka pale ʻana, me ka pūlohelohe a me nā hana hoʻoulu. Kokoke a hiki i nā lā hope loa, e hana like ana lākou e like me ko lākou ʻōpio. A make lākou i ka ʻeha me ka ʻenemi, a i ʻole e make ka poʻe i ka poʻe e ola nei - mai kahi hopu kākela i hoʻokumu ʻia i kumu.
I ka makahiki 2011, kahi hui nui i alakaʻi ʻia e alakaʻi geneticist ʻo Vadim Gladyshev i ka hoʻomōhala i ka genome o kahi mea ʻala o kahi kāwele. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka haʻalele ʻana mai kāna mau "pili aloha", nā kiʻi a me nā kahe, 75 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, mai ka laina o nā kelepona - 86 miliona, mai nā kānaka - 102 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ma nā huaʻōlelo i ka nui kuʻina, ua like kona ʻano maoli me ka nui o nā kiʻī a me ke kanaka: ʻO ka DNA o nā kiʻena kahi kapa heihei he 22 561 mau code genes, 22 389 o nā huaʻina i nā kānaka, 23 317 i nā kiʻī, a ma kahi o 93% o kēia mau ʻano he kūlike.
Akā ua kūhele ka ʻokoʻa kualitati he koʻikoʻi. No laila, i ka moʻomeheu o nā kaheole mole nui i loaʻa nā mea hoʻonaninani nui a ʻoi aku i nā mea holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona e pale i kā lākou genome i nā loli maikaʻi i hōʻino ʻia e ko lākou neʻe (e pili hou i nā mea kelepona i Popular Mechanics No. 4, 2015).
ʻOiai ʻaʻole loaʻa ka makika ʻo ka ʻiole o ka mau heihei wili, e like me nā koina āpau, a nāwaliwali lākou i ka hōʻalo o waho. Ua hana nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka ʻili o nā iole mole me ka wai o ka mole a me ka hoʻopala wela, a ua hoʻomanawanui lākou i ka "hōʻeha" i ka wā e huli ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana (injections and tingling)
Ma kahi o 200 mau ʻano hou i ʻike ʻia i ʻike ʻia i nā kaheole mole ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā laina e like me nā nole a me nā kahe. Aia pū kekahi i nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka huaʻala o ka protein UCP1 a me ka neuropeptide P, nona ke kuleana no ka thermoregulation o kahi maʻi koko anu a hoʻōla ia i nā ʻeha. ʻAʻole e like me nā momi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻowalewale ke mālama i kahi mahana mau o ke kino (ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokahe lākou) a no laila e koi ʻia e neʻe i lalo o ke kahawai, e ʻimi ana i nā kūlana kūpono no lākou iho.
Kimia o ke ʻōpiopio
Akā, ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka mea makemake i nā ʻepekema mua loa. Ua hoʻokele ʻo Vadim Gladyshev a me kāna mau hoa hana i nā ʻano like like ʻole e pili ana i ka wā kahiko i nā kānaka, nā ʻiole a me nā kiole molena, e hana like me nā makahiki o kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu. ʻO ia paha kekahi o ka mea nui i ka mauhele ʻo kaole kākole i hoʻololi i ka hana o nā hua p16 a me SMAD3, e lohi ana i ka hōʻola ʻole ʻole o nā pūpili a pili pinepine nā pilina me nā makahiki he nui. ʻOi nui ma muli o ka hana o kēia mau gana, nā kiole moliki ʻikepili i piha ʻole ʻia i ka popeneration kino o nā nui. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo CYP46A1, nona ke kuleana no nā olakino o nā aʻa, i ka lolo o ke kanaka e hōʻemi ana i kāna hana me ka wā ʻōpio, a i loko o nā kiole molelole, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike nō ia i hoʻonui ʻia.
Ma hope o kēia hana paionia, ua hāpai kekahi mau kānaka ʻepekema i ka ʻano o nā kaheole makena. I ka makahiki 2013, ʻo nā geneticists Lūkini mai ke University of Rochester (New York), ʻo Vera Gorbunova a me Andrei Seluyanov a me nā hoa hana, i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā pūpili o ka kiko konupene o ka ʻikepili, nā fibroblasts, he hoʻonui nui aʻe o ka polysaccharide hyaluronan (acid hyaluronic). Ma nā pūlaka o nā loiloi, ua huli ʻia kēia ʻano he ʻelima mau manawa ma mua o ke kanaka a i nā ʻiʻo paha. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka nui o ka molika hyaluronic acid nui i loko o ka nui o nā meaka o ka mea ʻala nalo ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o nā enzyme no kona luku ʻia. A ke hoʻohālikelike nei ka enzyme i kēia waikawa, hyaluronansynthase-2 (HAS2), ma ke ʻano, hōʻike i ka hana i hoʻonui nui ʻia i nā kiore.
Ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia nā kānaka a me nā mole mole ratal hyaluronans, ma muli o ke kaupaona ʻana o ka nui moloki (he ʻelima mau manawa ka nui o ka mauole mole). Hōʻalo ka poʻe kānaka liʻiliʻi (a me nā kiʻi) i ka hana ʻeha a me ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻili, ʻo nā hyaluronans nui o nā kiʻina i kapa ʻole ʻia, ma ke ʻano ʻē, e hoʻoulu ʻia i ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻokaʻawale kelepona, ke kāohi nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka waikal hyaluronic ma loko o nā kiko o ka mea hoʻopiʻi i kōkua e wehewehe i ka pale kūwaho o kēia mau rodents i ka hana o ke ʻano oxygen react (ROS). Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo ROS i ka hapa nui o nā meaʻala ma o ka huahana o ka ʻai oxygen a ma nā keaka kiʻekiʻe (e ulu pinepine ʻia i ka wā kahiko) hiki ke hōʻino i nā membranes a me ka DNA, e pepehi ana i ka pū.
ʻO kā mākou loea
ʻO Vadim ʻOleaule,
He Kauka, Harvard Medical School (USA):
He holoholona weliweli ka mole ʻōlohelohe. Ua hana wau a me kaʻu mau hoa hana me ka genome, a ua huli mai ia e ʻimi ʻo ia i kona ala pono i ka lōʻihi. Ka maopopo iki i kēia mau mea, ua noiʻi mākou i nā moʻomeheu o kāna pili pili, ʻo nā kiʻoni a Damar mole, ʻoi loa ia ʻo ia ka nui o ka "normal" rodent, a me nā mamalia lōʻihi loa: ʻo kā nightt poʻokela (Bat) a me nā kohola hina. I ka wā e hoʻokau nei, hele mai nā loli genomic i kēlā me kēia holoholona, i pili i ko lākou ola lōʻihi. A ʻike mākou i kēia mau loli. I kēia manawa mākou e ʻike inā e ola lōʻihi nā holoholona ʻē aʻe inā e loli mau ia nā ʻano like ʻole i kā lākou mau moʻomeheu. Ke hana ʻia nei kēia mau hana i loko o nā mea nui, e komo pū ana me mākou.
He aha nā mea molole kaole ʻona e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi ʻAmelika
Mālama ʻo ia ke kāhea aku i nā mea kanu mole nui o ka ʻiole, no ka mea i loko o kā lākou ʻai ʻana he mau kīʻaha o nā mea kanu kanu. ʻO ka papa kiʻi o ka ʻeli ka huehue a me nā kōpuna o nā mea kanu, ʻo ka moʻomeheu a me ka nahele.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Aia nō ia, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pā, kahi ʻuʻuku ka ʻāpana i kekahi hapa o ia mea, a ma loko o ka lua āna i kiki ai, ʻoi aku ka barena i ka honua i ulu hou nā ʻuala, no laila ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ka mea akamai akamai e hoʻolako iā ia iho i ka ʻai no ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Loaʻa i kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi ko lākou ola wale nō ma lalo o ka hale. Loaʻa hoʻi i nā holoholona ka umu a lākou e pono ai mai ko lākou aʻa a me nā wai, no laila, ʻaʻole pono lākou i kahi wai. I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka honua i loko o nā alohilohi o ka mea ʻeli i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, pale ʻia lākou mai luna mai e ke ʻili hiapo kūikawā, ka mea i kapa ʻia "lip hūpono". He mea kūpono ia ke ʻike ʻole ua ʻili palupalu.
ʻO kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi he mea hoʻonā ka lāʻuhane nui, no ka mea loaʻa iā lākou kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 30 i 35 degere. I kēia mea, ʻaʻole pono nā holoholona e ʻai nui, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā moena ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano like ʻole. Inā ʻai nā ʻiole molole e ʻai i ka ʻai, e like me ka hamsters e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i kā lākou snack i loko o kā lākou forelegs. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana, lūlū lākou i ka ʻūhā a ʻokiʻoki, ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa me nā hā o kahi koʻi, a laila e uwele hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻili i ko lākou mau lehelehe pipi.
I ke ʻano kamiki
I Iune 2015, hui ʻia nā pūʻulu neʻe mai ʻAmelika, Suena a me ʻAmelika, i alakaʻi ʻia e Tibor Garcani, he mau mākaʻikaʻā mau heihei ka lōʻihi o ka manawa: ʻo ko lākou lolo, me he mea lā ʻaʻole "wikiwiki" e ulu, me ka wā ʻōpiopio, he mau makahiki haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o kēia, lilo nā ʻōnaʻi o nā aila i nā ʻōnaehana neurodegenerative. E pili ana i kēia mau ʻike, a me ka hemahema o ka lauoho a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like ai ke ʻano o ka keri e like me ka cub a i ka wā ʻelemakule, hāʻawi ʻia e nā kānakaʻepekema ka hypothesis o neoteny - mālama i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻomakeha hoʻomohala ʻana. 2012).
Nui nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea ʻala lawehala e kali nei e kali nei i kā lākou wehewehe ʻana. ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka RNA o ka ribosome (ka cell cellelle i kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā protein hou hou aʻe), ka iwi mutation a ka mea i loaʻa i ka insulin, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea e ʻimi ai ka mea kipi i ka glucose i hoʻonele i ka insulin, a ʻoi aku. Pēlā, ma o nā hana ʻimi o nā mea noiʻi he kiʻi like ʻole o ke ʻano kupaianaha o ke olakino a me ka lōʻihi o kēia mea pohihihi lalo lalo o ka ʻāina, kahi i ʻike ai a me ka ʻōlehu o kekahi mau, koho ʻia e like me kā lākou punahele. Ua hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e hiki koke mai ana nā mea ʻike hou loa i ke kōkua nui i ke kanaka ma ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi ʻōpiopio.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Hōʻailona: Naked Digger
Hana ʻia nā heihei molole mau holoholona helu ʻōiwi, i.e. he mea kiʻekiʻe ko lākou ʻoihana kaiapuni; ma ko lākou ala ola e like ai lākou me nā ʻekopekepili kūlima (popo, nā pi). Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā kolana lalo o kēia mau rodents mai 70 a 80 mau holoholona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Aia he hōʻike no ka ʻike ʻana o nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā kolepa o ka poʻe ʻimiʻehā, kahi ma kahi o 295 mau holoholona i ola.
ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o nā labyrinth pae lalo, kahi i noho ai kahi kolana, hiki ke lōʻihi i kahi mamao o 3 a 5 km. ʻO ka honua, i kiola ʻia i ka wā i ʻeli ai i nā nalu, ua hōʻea i ka nui o ʻekolu a ʻehā paha makahiki i ka makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, he ʻāpana ka 4-centimeter a ke ana a ma ka hohonu o ʻelua mau mika.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā Tunnels e pili pū me kekahi:
- nā kāmera hoʻopaʻa
- lumi ʻai
- nā hale hoʻomaha.
Ke kāwili nei i ka hana ʻana ma lalo o nā ana i lalo i ka wā ua, i ka wā e palupalu ai ka honua a lilo i nā ʻano hōʻa. Ke kaulahao nei nā kaulahao o 5 a 6 paha i ke ʻano kuʻikuʻi, e hahai ana i ka mea hana mua, e hoʻopili ai i nā mea ulu i loko o ka papa lepo, e kōkua ai e huki i ka rodents ma hope o ka holoholona mua. Mai ka manawa aku, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka mea hana mua e ka holoholona aʻe ma hope.
ʻO nā mea ʻili a pau e noho ana ma loko o ke kolone like he mau hoahānau. ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa kahi mea hana wahine hoʻokahi, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wahine a me ke aliʻi wahine. Hiki i ka mōʻī ke mare me nā kāne a i ʻole ʻekolu kāne, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau o ka ʻālana (ʻo ke kāne a me ka wahine) nā mea limahana, ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka hana hana.
Mamuli o nā mea kikoʻī, noho ʻia i kahi o nā hana i nā limahana. Noho nui nā kānaka nui i nā pūʻali koa i komo i ka pale o ko lākou mau hoa ʻohana mai ka poʻe makemake ʻole. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea ʻoki liʻiliʻi me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka ʻoihana ma ka liʻiliʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai. ʻO ka hana o nā poʻeʻelima ʻōpiopio he ma waena, ma waena o ka poʻe kīʻaha o nā mea ʻāʻī iki ʻaʻohe ʻano kūlike. Noho ka mōʻī wahine a i kona ola hānai ʻia me ka hana hou o nā hua, a ʻoi aku ka hānau ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Mai ka nānā ʻana, ʻike ʻia i 12 mau makahiki i ka ʻōpū i hana ʻia ma kahi o 900 ʻehā.
He kūpono ia e hoʻohui nui ana i nā kiʻi mole mau kiole i loko o kā lākou leo leo, aia ma kā lākou leo leo iki 'aʻole ma lalo o 18 mau leo o ke kani,' aʻole like 'ia me nā kiʻi. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano kino o ka kino i nā mea ʻimi keʻike ʻaʻole ia he ʻano, hiki i ke ʻano (ke ana) ke ʻano i ka ʻano, e like me ke ea o ke kaiapuni. No ka hoʻoluliluli i ka emi ʻana o ke aniani, ʻākoakoa nā ʻākoʻā i loko o nā hui nui a hiki ke bask no nā manawa lōʻihi ma nā puʻu e kokoke ana i ka papahele o ka honua. Ke loaʻa nei ka puhū i ka wikiwiki ka hana i ke ola o nā mea ʻeli e loaʻa ana ka oxygen i nā ʻōpū o ka honua a me ka nui o nā mea o ke kalapona, e make ana i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Nā kiʻi kiʻi: ʻO nā māka ʻekehina kahawai
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he wahine i kapa ʻia he mōʻī wahine a i ʻole ma ka ʻāʻī ke kuleana no ka hana hou o nā hua i nā mau heihei molole. No ka moeʻohana, hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā kāne momona (a ʻelua a ʻekolu paha), nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a pau o ka labyrinth pae i komo ʻole i loko o ke kaʻina hana. ʻAʻole hoʻololi ka mōʻī wahine i nā hoa pili, e mālama mau i ka pilina mau me kēia mau kāne i koho ʻia no nā makahiki he nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpaiʻana he 70 lā, hiki i ka ʻōpū ke loaʻa i nā hua hou i kēlā me kēia 80 mau lā. Aia ka lōʻihi o 5 mau litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻōlapa molenaʻi i nā pololeka nui loa, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā cubs o ka puʻupuʻu e like me 12 a 27 paha. ʻO ka paona o kēlā me kēia pēpē liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi loa. ʻOiai hiki ke hānau ʻia nā ʻōpio ma mua o ʻelua mau minuke i ka manawa, aia a loaʻa i ka wahine he 12 mau nipples, ʻaʻole naʻe kēia manaʻo ke make o kahi hua. Mahalo i ka noiʻi ʻana e nā ʻepekema ʻAmelika, ua ʻike ʻia ua hānai nā pēpē o nā poli i nā kahe mau molelole loa, no ka mea ka nui o ka waiū o ka makuahine. Ma muli o kēia ʻano e hānai ai, ʻo nā pēpē i ka wā liʻiliʻi ua ʻike i ka nui o ka pilina pili ʻana.
Ua aʻo aku ka Mōʻīwahine makuahine i ka waiū pēpē i hoʻokahi mahina, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i ka meaʻai paʻa i nā makahiki ʻelua. ʻAi nui nā keruba i nā feces o nā limahana ʻē aʻe, no laila loaʻa iā lākou nā mea maʻi bacterial i pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea a lākou e ʻai ai. I nā keiki he ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau makahiki, ke lilo nei nā poʻe ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā limahana, a lilo nā rodents i mea hoʻokokoke a kokoke i hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, noho nā mea pīkoi no nā rodents no ka manawa lōʻihi - e pili ana i 30 mau makahiki (ʻoi aku kekahi).ʻAʻole i ʻike pono i nā kānakaʻepekema ke kumu maoli e hana nei kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻOiai he hanohano ke kiʻi wahine wahine, noho lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea hana hana ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi me he ola ola o ka kōpana ma waena o 13 a 18 makahiki.
Wikiō hulina kūwaho
Manaʻo wau i ka nānā ʻana i kekahi wikiō hoihoi e pili ana i kahi hulahula hili ma ke kahawai YouTube "nā mea āpau e like me nā holoholona"
Hoʻohālikelike he holoholona kupaianaha, aneane he kumu hoʻohālike e hiki ai i ka genetics olakino no ka lōʻihi loa - ke pale aku i ke kano a me kahi ola lōʻihi loa, ma ka wā kokoke loa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana a me nā hana o kāna ʻano genetic, ʻo ia paha ke hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ke kanesa a hoʻōla i ka wā o ke kanaka.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kahi kaheole mol
ʻO ke kiʻi: Naked Digger Rodent
Ma muli o ka manaʻo o ke ola o nā mea kākele, i lalo a hūnā ʻia, ʻaʻole pono ke hele i ka pae, ʻaʻohe nui o nā ʻenemi o kēia mau rodents, no ka mea ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa kahi ʻōpala i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua, kahi e hoʻopuni ai i ʻelua mauʻu hohonu. ʻOiai ke ola palekana a me ka mālama ola ʻana o kēia mau rodents, e mau ana ka poʻe maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻenemi nui o nā mea ʻala. He kupaianaha nō naʻe, akā i ka ulia e ʻoki ai i kahi koena i lalo o ka lepo, e ʻimi ana ma hope o kahi i ʻeli ʻia. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine kēia i ka mea, na ka nāhelehele i mālama nui i nā holoholona ma ka papa.
Holo i nā ʻōpū a nā kiore kahi mauole lā i nā wā ka wā e kiola aku ai i nā ʻāina he nui i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku. Ke kali nei kahi wahine kupaianaha kūlike i ke ʻano o kahi mea ʻeli, e hoʻopili ana i kona poʻo i ka lua. Ke ʻike nei ka rodent e kiola aku i ka honua, hopu iā ia me ka hoʻāla uila. Mai noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻoiai inā he makapō nā mea ʻalā, hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā ʻono o lākou, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo koke i ko lākou mau hoahānau mai nā malihini, a ua hoʻomāʻewaʻaka nā holoholona.
I ka ʻenemi o nā polole maukaʻi ʻōiwi, hiki i kekahi ke helu i nā poʻe e noʻonoʻo nei i kēia mau mea e lilo i nā pōpoki o nā huaʻai a ho'āʻo e hoʻokahe i nā rodents. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i ka mea ʻeli ke hōʻino i ka huaʻai ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā aʻa aʻa a me nā aʻa, akā, mai poina e like lākou, e like me nā moles, he hopena maikaʻi hoʻi ma ka ʻāina, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoili ʻia me ka oxygen.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Hōʻailona: Naked Digger
I ka nānā mua, ʻike ʻia he mau lāheole lālani mau heihei, no ka mea ʻike lākou i ka mea ʻole, loaʻa ke ʻano liʻiliʻi, ua pale ʻia i ka hulu. Ua kuhi hewa kēia manaʻo, no ka mea e pili ana i ko lākou koʻikoʻi, hiki i kēia mau mea hana ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe lōʻihi. E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka nui o nā nole molole hana, pono ia e ʻike ʻia i ka laulā o ka laulā o ko lākou noho ʻana, ʻaʻole i ulu ʻia kēia mau holoholona like ʻole a ʻike pinepine i ka pinepine. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ka waiwai o nā lālani molelele me ka pau ʻole, noho mau nā rodents, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoliʻoli. Wahi a IUCN, he ʻano palekana kēia ʻano o ka rodent i mea e hopohopo nui ai, ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i kākau inoa ʻia nā mea ʻili kolohe.
Nui nā kumu i alakaʻi i kēlā kūlana kūpono e pili ana i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona, kahi i:
- ka lalo, hūnā a me ke ola palekana o nā mea ʻeli, pale ʻia mai nā mana ʻino o waho.
- ko lākou pale ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole
- kaʻai ʻeha i ka ʻeha a me ka hana nui i ka wā i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole,
- ʻano kū hoʻokahi o ka lōʻihi,
- hoʻokoʻa loa.
No laila, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ma muli o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona, hiki i nā kiʻi molole i hiki ke ola, ke mālama nei i ka holoholona o kā lākou lehulehu i ka pae kūpono. Ke mau nei ka manaolana e hoʻomau kēia no kēia manawa.
Ma ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻohui i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o kēlā ʻano, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea kūʻokoʻa a he nui e ola ana ʻōwili kāwili. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ma waho ʻaʻole ia ikaika ikaika, he mau tonona o nā ʻano hanohano ʻē aʻe kekahi o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona kupanaha ke kapa ʻia i nā kumu mua a me nā nugget o ka lua.