ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui loa i ka honua (ʻelua ma hope o capybaras), nā beavers hou (lat. Castor) alakaʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ko lākou ola mai nā beavers kahiko e noho ana ma ʻEulopa Trogontherium) a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (nānā Castoroides) mau miliona makahiki i hala.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike hōʻike inā ʻaʻole i kūkulu nā beanvers kahiko i nā kāmela, noho i nā lua ākea, a ʻaʻole i pili pono ko lākou ola me nā kino wai me ko lākou poʻe mamo.
No hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i loli nui ka nānā ʻana o kēia mau koʻokoʻo, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā beavers hou ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka ikaika a me ka mana o ko lākou poʻe kūpuna - nā pīhoihoi nunui ua loaʻa nā mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ʻumikūmālima kenimika lōʻihi, kahi ʻāpana mānoanoa ma mua o ka hapalua mika, ʻaʻole lākou i haʻahaʻa.
ʻAʻole ka poʻe hauʻoli o nā makahiki ʻelua i hala ma ke ola o nā beavers - ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia lākou, ʻimi holoholona no ka hulu mahana, i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ai ia ma ke kālā. A i loko o nā makahiki he kanalima i hala, ua hoʻomaka ka loli ʻana o ke kūlana no ka maikaʻi, a ʻo kēia mau holoholona makamae kahiko e holomua hou i ko lākou kūlana i ka hihiu.
Ma ka mōʻī holoholona holoholona, ʻaʻohe mau mea i ʻike i ka ʻoihana ma mua o nā beavers. Me ko lākou hiki i ka hoʻololi i ka ʻano puni, ua lua lākou i ke kāne. ʻO Beavers kekahi o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia i kā lākou mau hana ʻaʻole ma ka instincts wale nō, akā naʻe i ka ʻike i loaʻa, hiki iā lākou ke aʻo a hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou aʻoʻana hana i ke ola holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka mea hana nui a ka beaver he mau niho mua i uhi ʻia, i uhi ʻia me ka enamel durable. Hoʻokomo kēia mau incisors ʻehā i ko lākou ola āpau, ʻaʻole pono nā beaver e hopohopo no ko lākou lole mua. Eia kekahi, e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia lākou, e waiho ana i kahi mea pono e hana ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana.
ʻO nā hana like a pau o ka beaver e hoʻoiho ʻia e ka makemake no ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka palekana. Hana lākou i ko lākou mau kiola - nā kolo - ma waenakonu o ka loko, a hāhai i ke ala kokoke mai iā lākou i ka wai no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi hoʻokuʻi ʻia mai nā malihini kipa ʻole. ʻO ka houp e loaʻa nā lālā nui i mālama ʻia e ka ʻōpala.
I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, e hoʻoikaika ana nā beavers i ko lākou mau home i kahi papa hou o ka lepo, ka mea, i ke anuanu, e hoʻohuli ka hale i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hiki ke kū i ka wā hoʻoilo.
Eia nō naʻe, e kūkulu i kahi pahu kīnā, pono ʻoe e kūkulu i kahi pālehu e hoʻokumu i kahi wai kūlohelohe. No ka hana i kēia, hana nā ʻōpala i nā lāʻau, a laila, ma nā kānāwai āpau o ka ʻenehana, e waiho iā lākou i ka wai, me ka hoʻolōʻihi i kona kahe.
Ua lilo kēia mau pahu i wahi hale ʻoluʻolu no nā mea hana wale nō, akā no nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ke kōpana - nā baki, nā iʻa, nā manu a me nā manu.
ʻAʻole palma ʻo Beavers. ʻAe lākou i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi paka wela a me nā hau i hānai ʻia e ko lākou ʻohana - he wahine a ʻeono a ʻewalu mau kūbita. I mea e pale ai i nā huaʻai i ka pōloli, ke kūʻai aku ke poʻo o ka ʻohana i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, ke hoʻokau iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai a ma ka lalo o ka noho ʻana. ʻOiai ma lalo o ka puʻu maloʻo o ka hau, hoʻolako ʻia ka ʻohana me nā mea pono a pau.
Pahu nani nā beavers a hiki ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi ʻumikumamālima mau minuke. Ma ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, hoʻāla koke ka beaver, me ka hāwī ʻana i kona poʻo ākea ma waena o ka wai. Ke hoʻolohe nei i kēia hōʻailona, hahai koke nā beavers i kāna ʻano hoʻohālike.
03.09.2018
ʻO ka beaver Kanada (Latin Castor canadiens) kahi koʻokoʻo nui mai ka ʻohana Beaver (Castoridae). Kani ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i kā lākou mau taleni hale kūʻai. Ma ka makahiki 2007, kūkulu lākou ma Kanada i ka māka nui loa o ka honua me ka lōʻihi o 850 m. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i kēlā hana o ka papa hana ma ka hale hoʻokaʻāina ʻo Wood Buffalo National Park, aia i ka ʻāina ʻo Alberta.
Ma mua o kēia, ʻo ka beaver dam e kokoke ana i ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Three Forks ma ka mokuʻāina o Montana ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano nui. ʻO ka mooolelo ma mua he 652 m.
ʻAʻole e like me ka beaver ʻEulopa (Castor fiber), i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20 i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka luku piha ʻana, ua ola palekana kēia holoholona hihiu me ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
ʻO ka nui o kona mau lehulehu e kau ʻia nei i ka 10-15 miliona mau kanaka.
Kālā
Holoi ka hale i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika Hema. Pae loa ia mai Alaska a me ke kaawale o ke komohana a me ke komohana a me Kanada a me ko United States e pili ana i ka United States i Mexico.
ʻAʻohe nā māka Kanaka ma Nevada, nā ʻāpana o Florida, a me Kaleponi ma waena. I ka 15 mau'āina, ua hōʻemi nui ko lākou mau kānaka ma muli o ka hopu ʻana i ka pale a me ka hōʻemi ma ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe.
I ka makahiki 1946, ua lawe ʻia mai lākou i ka mokupuni ʻo Tierra del Fuego, kahi lākou i kūleʻa ai a me ka mahalo, me ka hala ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ua hoʻonui koke ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka loko o Lake Fagnano.
Ma ke ola o 50 mau makahiki, ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou ʻoihana mai 25 mau huakaʻi a i 100 tausani kanaka.
Ke lawe ʻia nei ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano ʻano ma Finlandia, Kamchatka a me Sakhalin.
Noho nā Rodents ma kahi o nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā loko wai. E koho lākou i nā kahakai i uhi ʻia i nā lau lāʻau kūleʻa a me nā lāʻau lāʻau maloʻo, e hoʻolilo ʻia i meaʻai a me nā lako kūkulu hale no nā hale ʻili.
I kēia manawa, wehe i nā ʻōnaehana ʻano 24 subspecies o nā canadiens Castor.
ʻAno lawehala
Noho ka poʻe mānaka Kanaka i nā ʻohana ʻohana, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o nā hanauna he nui o nā mākua a me kā lākou keiki. Kūleʻa nā holoholona makua i ko lākou ʻohana ma ke ʻano he 2 mau makahiki. Hōʻalo nā wahine i nā kāne.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā Rodents i kahi ʻano semi-akuatic. Hoʻohana lākou i ka pō, i ke ao e ʻike pinepine ai lākou. ʻAʻole mamao loa e neʻe ʻia nā holoholona i nā kino wai, me ka liʻiliʻi iki a hūnā ʻia lākou i ka wai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau a holo maikaʻi, e noho ana ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i 10 mau minuke. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi pōkole ma ka huki ʻana i ka huelo e kūʻē i kahi wai.
ʻO ka pinepine o ka ʻohana ʻohana i ka poʻe he 5-8 kanaka. Mālama lākou i ko lākou mau ʻāina mai ka hoʻoʻi ʻana mai i ko lākou mau hoa ʻohana a hōʻailona ikaika lākou i ko lākou mau palena me nā mea huna o nā lehe anal, e kau ana iā lākou ma nā puʻu o ka ʻōpala a me ka popo. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia mea huna i kahi ʻala musky a hoʻohana pū ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻoheheʻe i ka hulu.
Kūkulu nā beanver i nā haka beaver mai nā lālā a me nā lau, kahi i hoʻopuni ʻia i ko lākou mau paia me ka silt. ʻElua kūpono komo komo i loko o ka wai no lākou, ua uhi ʻia ko lākou papa papa i ka ʻili a me nā ʻoloka lāʻau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hale e hiki ka 1 m a ʻo ka lōʻihi e pili ana i ka 2 m Ma ka maʻamau o ko lākou ʻano i ka poepoe.
Hiki i kekahi holoholona hoʻokahi pō ke hoʻopō a kūʻokoʻa hoʻopiha i kahi kumulāʻau me kahi ʻōpala he 30 a 40 cm. No kēia, kū ʻo ia i kona mau wāwae hind a hoʻomaha i kona huelo e kū kūʻē i ka lepo. Kuhi nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio i meaʻai, a ʻo nā koena i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kāwili i kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pae o ka wai ma ka wai. Hoʻohana nā mea kūkulu hale kālai wa e hoʻohana i nā ʻōpala nui a me nā pōhaku i ka wā o kā lākou kūkulu ʻana.
Hōʻike ʻia kēlā mau hana ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana e ka ikaika ʻokoʻa. Ua hiki nō iā lākou kekahi ke kū i ka lio me ka holo holo ʻana.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka papa meaʻai kekahi o nā meaʻai o ka mea kanu. ʻO ke hoʻonohonoho o ka papa gastrointestinal e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili i ka kahiʻu. Hiki i nā microorganism nā mea e hiki ke wāwahi i ka cellulose. Hōʻalo ka ʻōpala a me nā pōpoki lāʻau lāʻau i ka papa o kēlā me kēia lā ma ka hoʻoilo: willow (Salix), maple (Acer), poplar (Populus), Birch (Betula), alder (Alnus) a me ka aspen (Populus tremula).
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano a me nā mea kanu aku i ka leʻa maʻamau, maʻa mau ka limahana maʻamau (Phragmites australis) a me nā lilia wai (Nymphaea alba). I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hopena, e hoʻolilo ai nā holoholona i nā lako meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo. I nā zoos, hauʻoli lākou i ka ʻai kāloti, ka lettu, nā ʻuala, ka ʻala a me ka ʻuala.
I kēlā me kēia lā, ʻai kēia momi i ka nui a hiki i 20% o kona paona.
Maʻaneʻi ʻaʻole e lilo nā pākeke i ka pio. ʻO nā ʻūlio (Canis lupus) coyotes (Canis latrans), baribals (Ursus americanus), nā bears grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis), nā wīlio (Gulo gulo), lynx (Lynx canadiens) a me otters (Lutrinae) i kahi pōʻino e hiki mai ana i ka wā ʻōpiopio.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻokumu nā Beavers i nā ʻohana monogamous e hoʻomau a hiki i ka make o kekahi o nā hoapili. Puberty i ka makahiki ʻekolu. Hōʻike ka hua i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina, i ka hopena o ka mākehua i ka lā o Nowemapa a me Dekemaba, a ma ke ʻākau i Ianuali a Pepeluali paha. Estrus ka lōʻihi o 12-24 mau hola.
Hānau ka wahine i nā hua ma muli o nā kūlana climatic mai ʻApelila a Iune. Noho ʻo ka wahine hānau ma kahi o 105-107 lā. I loko o kahi pālani he 1-4 nā beavers. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē a ulu a maikaʻi i hoʻokahi hola, ma hope o ko lākou hānau ʻana hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau.
I ka hānau hānau ʻana, ʻo 250-500 ka momona o lākou, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki i ka 30-35 cm.
Noho ka waiū hānai ma kahi o 3 mau mahina, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ana nā beavers i nā mea kanu mea kanu i ka hopena o ka pule ʻelua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākua ʻelua i ko lākou hānai ʻānai. No ka manawa mua, haʻalele nā keiki i ka hut ma 7 mau lā he 7. Mālama ka makuahine i kāna mau ʻāpana i loko o ka wai ʻauʻau a hele pū me lākou e makaʻala i nā ʻaoʻao kokoke.
ʻO keʻano
He holoholona ma waena o nā rodents kekahi wale nō i kahi capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) i kona nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 85-115 cm, a ʻo ke kau paona mai 19 a 32 paha. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino ʻōkaka me ka huluhulu mānoanoa. ʻĀpana ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele pahaʻeleʻele.
He laulā ka pahu, pōkole nā wāwae. Ma waena o nā manamana wāwae ma ka wāwae ʻehā he mau membranes. Ma kahi mākahi pōkole, akā kahi poʻo nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻoi nunui;
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ākea e pālahalaha ana ma luna o ka loa o 20-25 cm, a ʻo ka laulā he 13-15 cm ka hopena a pau me kahi kīwī kuʻikuʻu me nā unahi keratinous. Kūʻai kokoke a me nā nostrils i lalo o ka wai. Uhiʻi i nā mea uʻi nā uhi ʻulaʻula-ʻalani. Ma ke kumu o ka huelo he mau poli e mau ai nā kuhi huna.
Loaʻa ka ola olakino o kahi beanver Kanada i loko o ka nahele he 15-20 mau makahiki. I ka pio, me ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana, ola ʻo ia a 30 mau makahiki.
He aha kaʻu e hana ai e pale aku i kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Inā ʻoe ma kahi pili pilikino, e like me ka home, hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i kahi pale anti-virus i kāu kamepiula e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻole ia ka maʻi me ka malware.
Inā ʻoe ma kahi keʻena a i ʻole pili i ka pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke noi i ka luna ʻoihana e holo i kahi scan ma o ka pūnaewele e ʻimi ana i nā kuhi ʻia a i ʻole nā maʻi i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO kekahi ala e pale ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻaoʻao i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i Pass Pass. Pono paha ʻoe e kiʻi i ka polokalamu 2.0 i kēia manawa mai ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele Chrome.
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Nā koho ʻē aʻe:
Koaneā "Fairy Tale"
ʻO 50 nā hale ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi ma ka māhele Saratov
ʻO ka hale ʻoliʻoli "Berezhok"
Kanaana Hut "Hut"
ʻO ka hale ʻoliʻoli "Dubrovka"
ʻO ka ʻoliʻoli hana "Oriole"
ʻO ka hale ʻōpiopio "Residence Maria"
ʻO ka hale ʻoliʻoli "Revyaka"
ʻO ke Kihi "Gostiny Dom"
ʻO ka hale ʻoliʻoli "Krasnaya Polyana"
Mokulehua "Cape Verde"
ʻO ka hale ʻoluʻolu "Forest Nymph"
Kalana Village "Robin"
Mokumua Village "Islet"
ʻO ka hale ʻōpiopio "Domostroitel"
ʻO ke kikowaena "Volga beach"
ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Glade"
Nūhou wahi ʻauhau "VICTORIA"
ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Birch"
Nānā Hou
Kalua "Rainbow"
Kahuloa "Dewdrop"
Mokulāʻau "Prostokvashino"
ʻO ka hale ʻoliʻoli "Volozhka"
Kalua
ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Lyubava"
ʻO ka ʻoliʻoli hana "Oriole"
Mokulāʻau "Farm"
ʻO ke kikowaena ʻoluʻolu "Old Mill"
Kanaana "Laguna"
ʻO nā holoholona o ka māhele Saratov
ʻO ka beaver maʻamau, a i ʻole beaver wai (Latin Castor fiber), he mammal semi-akuatic o ke kauoha rodent, kekahi o nā ʻānela ʻelua o nā ʻohana beaver (me ka beaver Kanada, i manaʻo ʻia i ka subspecies ma mua. ʻO ka rodent ka nui loa o ka fauna o ka Honua Mua a me ka lua o ka nui loa ma hope o ka capybara. ʻO kahi kai a i ʻole ʻo Kamchatka beaver kahi kai otter (moana otter), a he ʻano paʻu ka ʻulu. ʻAʻohe o lākou pilina me ka ʻohana Beaver. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia holoholona i kahi ola semi-aquatic, e kūkulu ana i nā kaile ma luna o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. Hōʻikeʻike nui ʻia kona hulu i ka ʻoihana nani, a me kona panaku i ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau. ʻO Beaver kekahi o ka hana koʻikoʻi paʻakikī i noho ma ka ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina no nā kenekulia. ʻO kāna poʻe ia i hoʻokele i ke kiʻi o kahi limahana hana, ʻo ia, me kona nui ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hina i lalo i kahi lāʻau nui.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo i ka huaʻōlelo "beaver" wehewehe i ka hulu o ka beaver, ʻaʻole ka holoholona ponoʻī. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "beaver" hoʻoilina mai ka mua o ka Indo-European language, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka palaka piha ʻole o ka inoa brown, ʻo ke ʻano kumu o kāna inoa he "brown, brown brown." Kūkulu ʻia nā kumu * bhe-bhru-. Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai linguistic o 1961, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka hua bele ma ke ʻano o ka holoholona mai ke ʻano o nā rodents me nā hulu koʻikoʻi, a he beaver i ke ʻano o ka hulu o kēia holoholona: beaver collar, lole ma ka beaver fur. Akā, ma ka'ōlelo colloquial, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hua ʻuala e like me ka alia no ka huaʻōlelo (e like me ka alopio a me kahi alopio, he ferret a me ka polecat).
ʻO ka nui o ka beaver e hōʻea i kahi mita i ka lōʻihi a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi o 25 cm. He ʻalaʻula a ʻeleʻele kona hulu. Akā, ʻo ke poʻo hiehoke, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o kahi mea i flipper a ihe paha. ʻO ka huelo ka ulaula, ʻōlū ikaika mai luna a lalo, kona lōʻihi a 30 cm, ka laulā he 13-13 cm. ʻO ka lauoho ma ka huʻu wale nō ia. ʻO nā bea he mau wāwae pōkole me nā puʻupe ikaika. Ma waena o nā manamana lima he mau membranes ikaika, hoʻomoʻe ʻia ma nā wāwae hind a nawaliwali ma mua. ʻO nā māpelī ma nā wāwae ua ikaika, palulu ʻia. Hoʻopili ke kahu o ka manamana lima lua o nā ʻāpana hulipio - ʻo ka ʻili e hoʻohui me ka hulu. ʻO kēia kahi holoholona momona maikaʻi a me līlū ʻia e pale aku i kahi ʻōpala mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous. ʻO ke ʻano like, ua ʻoluʻolu nā pepeiao o ka beaver, akā lawa kēia iā ia e hoʻolohe ai i ka pōʻino ma kahi mamao loa. Ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana o ka pale ʻana o ka ʻike mai ka wai. I ka wā ʻana o ka beaver, ua pani kahi maka o ka maka kolu i kona mau maka, a ua paʻa kona mau ihu a me nā pepeiao i nā pauku. ʻO kāna mau mea aloha incisors he mea hana maʻalahi ʻole ia. Eia nō naʻe, he mea kupanaha ka hoʻonohonoho o ka waha o ka beaver: hiki maʻalahi iā ia ke kiki i ka ʻōpala i loko o ka wai, akā ʻaʻole ka wai i loko o kona lua waha.
ʻO ka beaver ka hulu nani, nona nā hulu waho a me kahi kapa silky underfur koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka kala o ka hulipulu mai ka peʻa māmā a i kahi brown brown, i ka manawa ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ka peʻa a me nā wāwae. Hana ʻia hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, i ka hopena o ka puna, akā mau ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka hoʻoilo.
I loko o ka'āpana anal nā paila, wen a me ka wai beaver wai ia iā ia iho, e hāʻawi ana i kahi mea huna ulu kino - kahawai kahawai. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kahawai beaver he ʻano ia i alakaʻi no nā beaver e pili ana i ka palena o ka hoʻokipa beaver, he kū hoʻokahi ia e like me nā manamana lima. ʻO ka mea huna o Wen, i hoʻohana pū pū me ka jet, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka mākaʻikaʻi i ka lōʻihi ma ka moku "hana" ma muli o ke ʻano oʻa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka mea huna o ke kahawai beaver.
Noho ka Beaver ma nā kahakai o nā ʻano waihona wai ʻole: nā loko ulu liʻiliʻi, nā kahe kahe o nā kahawai, nā ʻāpana wai, nā waʻa a me nā loko. Hōʻalo i nā kahe ākea a me ka wikiwiki, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kino o ka wai hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. No ka poʻe ʻokiʻoki, he mea nui ia i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu mai nā lāʻau paʻu a me nā lau o ke kō, a me ka nui o nā kai me nā lau o nā lau a me nā mea kanu lau e hoʻoneʻe nei i kā lākou papaʻai. Piau a piu nā poʻe Beavers. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōpū nui a me nā pēpē iā lākou i kēlā me nā wai o ka ea a me ke koko arterial e hiki ai i nā piʻoniʻu ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no nā minuke 10-15, e kau ana i ka 750 m i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka beaver he mea kanu, i ke kauwela ua ʻai i nā lau a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā kumulāʻau, nā mea hihiu o nā mea kanu aku, i ka hoʻoilo he neʻe ia i nā lālā a me nā ʻala o nā kumu lāʻau. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻili a me nā ʻalā o nā kumulāʻau, makemake ʻia i ka aspen, willow, poplar a me ka Birch, a me nā ʻano mea kanu ʻano lāʻau (lili wai, hua liʻiliʻi, iris, cattail, reed, etc., a 300 mau inoa). ʻO ka nui o nā kumulāʻau palupalu ke kūlana kūpono no ko lākou noho. ʻO Hazel, linden, elm, cherry manu a me kekahi mau lāʻau ʻē aʻe ke koʻikoʻi o kā lākou meaʻai. ʻAi pinepine ka ʻōpio a me nā ʻoka no ka hale. ʻAi ʻoluʻolu nā mea aila. ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i 20% o ka paona o ka beaver.
E kokoke ana i ka hāʻule, e hoʻomaka ana nā beavers e hana i nā lāʻau o ka ʻai o ka lālā, no laila ua hāʻule nui ʻia nā lāʻau nui, e ʻā ana iā lākou i ke kumu o ka ʻala. Hoʻopau ka holoholona i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau i kona loko, no kekahi manawa e ʻeli ai i nā kanalewa he ʻumi a he mau haneli paha mau haneli. ʻO nā ʻano kālai ia ma lalo, a i ka puka o ka noho.Hiki ke nui ka nui o nā kumukūʻai - a hiki i ka 60-70 cubic cubic no ka ʻohana.
ʻO nā niho nui a me kahi puʻuwai ikaika e hoʻokuʻi i nā beavers e hoʻokūkū maikaʻi me nā meaʻai kanu kanu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā meaʻai momona nā cellulose me ka microflora i loko o ka ʻāpana o ka pūpū. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o nā pūpū o ka beaver e lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o kona kino e 12 mau manawa. ʻO ka ʻāpana makapō ʻo ia o ka pūpū, noho ʻia e nā microorganism, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka huehue. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopau wale i nā ʻano lāʻau liʻiliʻi no ka meaʻai, i mea e hoʻololi ai i kahi meaʻai hou e pono ai ia i kahi manawa kūpono i ka wā o ka microorganism i hoʻohono i kahi meaʻai hou.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana no ka hana ʻana i nā pahu a me nā lumi hoʻokipa he ʻepekema manu holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi labiri maoli i hiki ai i kahi malihini ke nalowale iki. Akā, ʻo ka mea e komo i loko o kona hale, ʻaʻole ia e komo: i ka komo mau o ka puka i loko o ka wai, a nui ka pilikia koke. ʻO ka hale pākuhi ka beaver ka mea koʻikoʻi a me ka lua hohonu me kahi kūwaho o lalo o ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, inā he haʻahaʻa loa a heʻuʻuku paha ke kapakai o ka ʻōpala no ka eli ʻana, e hana ana nā mānaka i kahi hut - kahi puʻupuʻu cone ʻano ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka siliki a hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mihi kiʻekiʻe, i loko kahi a lākou e hoʻonohonoho ai i kahi keʻena.
Holo nā pōkole ma luna o ka ʻāina a hiki i ka mea pio no nā mea he nui. No laila, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻi i nā kaona i loko o ka wai, a komo i ka puʻupuʻu ʻole me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao. E hoʻomau i ka pae wai mau no ka kahawai a i ʻole kahe wai paha, e hana nā beanvers i nā ʻōpua mai nā ʻāpana o ke kahi lāʻau a me nā lālā, e hoʻoikaika ana iā lākou me ka turf a me ka silt. Hoʻomaka pinepine, ke piʻi ka wai, ʻo nā mākia kahakai e lilo i nā kākoʻo hou no ka hōʻaiʻe hoʻonui. Pono ka ʻānai ʻia a noho mau ka puka ʻana mai ka wahi i pale aku ai ma lalo o ka wai, a i ka hoʻoilo - no ka mea ʻaʻole paʻa ka hau i ka manu ʻole i kēia puka.
Inā he nui a emi ʻole paha ka palena o ka wai lahilahi a me nā mākeke kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā beavers ke noho i loko me ka ʻole e kūkulu ana i kekahi mau hoʻolālā. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hoʻāla ʻia nā beaver i nā wahi kūpono e like me nā paipu wai no ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, me ka hoʻopili ʻia me nā lālā a me ka silt, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā ʻāpana alanui.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā kākoiwa i ka pō a ma ke kakahiaka. I ke kauwela, waiho lākou i ko lākou mau home i ka lālani a hana a hiki i ka 4 o kakahiaka. I ka wā hāʻule, ke hoʻomaka ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻai no ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lā hana i 10-12 mau hola. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoemi ka hana a hoʻololi i ke ao, i kēia manawa o ka makahiki he aneane ʻaʻole nā pōʻaiʻai e ʻike ʻia ma ka kaohi. Aia i nā mahana ma lalo o −20 ° C, noho mau nā holoholona i ko lākou mau hale.
Ke ʻike nei i kēia mau holoholona makaʻala, e alakaʻi nei i ke ola maʻamau, a pono ke lono, akā ʻo ka noho o ko lākou noho ʻana - nā kāmole, nā mānala, nā ʻaʻai a me nā mea hāʻule i hāʻule - hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi ulu, me nā kāhea o nā kūlanakauhale nui. I ka wā o nā hele i ke ahiahi ma ke kahawai o nā loko, hiki iā ʻoe ke makaʻu i ka beaver. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka holoholona, e hoʻōlo lūlū pono nei, e hoʻopio i kahi alakaʻi - me kahi hāwau hāwau e hōʻeha nei i ka wai me kāna huʻu. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pōʻino, hōʻili ʻo nā pōpoki manu i kā lākou mau ʻili ma luna o ka wai wai a ka dive, e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻano alakaʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ke ola. ʻO ka hele mua ʻana o nā beavers ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻonani. He ʻoi nā lālā ma mua o ka hapa kenimika. Kūkulu nā meaʻaʻai e ʻai koke, (ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi o nā mea āpau ke hana aku nei). Kūpī ka lāʻau i kahi kaʻo i loko o ka pōʻai, aʻo ka hōʻailona o nā niho ke ʻike maopopo ʻia, me he mea lā e waiho ʻia e kahi semicircular chisel. Ma ka hiki ʻana o nā lāʻau me nā kakaka e like me ka mea, e hiki ke hōʻike ʻokoʻa i kahi māka a i ke wā mua o ka kūkulu ʻana mai kahi paʻa maoli. Ma kahi o ka pōʻaiwili, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kuʻuna e hāʻule ana i lalo a hiki i ka hapalua mika - nā kahawai e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke hele i nā wahi e hānai ai, a i ʻole e loaʻa ai i ka waiwai o nā kūkulu ʻana ma lalo o ka wai. Ma nā wahi kahi e hele pinepine ai nā beavers mai uka mai kahi ʻē aʻe i kahi ʻē aʻe, hele lākou i ke alahele e pili ana i ka 30-35 cm ākea, he manuahi ʻole nā mea kanu a pinepine hoʻi 10-15 cm hohonu i ka lepo.
ʻO kahi ʻohana piha he 5-8 kanaka kūʻokoʻa: ʻo ia i male a me nā pēpē ʻōpio - keiki o nā makahiki i hala a me kēia manawa. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi kahua ʻohana i loko o kahi ʻohana no nā hanauna. Noho ʻia ka loko liʻiliʻi e ka ʻohana hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā beaver. I nā kino nui o ka wai, ka lōʻihi o ka papa ʻohana ma ka kahakai mai 0.3 a 2.9 km. Kuhi liʻiliʻi ka mea hoʻopiʻi mai ka wai ma mua o ka 200 m.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pūnaewele e hilinaʻi nei ma ka nui o ka hānai. Ma nā wahi momona i nā mea kanu, hiki ke hoʻopili nā pūnaewele i ka intersect. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea kikowaena nā palena o ko lākou wahi me ka huna o nā kelima musk - ke kahawai beaver. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mākele ma nā puʻu kūikawā o ka pālolo, nā silika a me nā lālā 30 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 1 m ākea.ʻO nā mea pāʻani ke kamaʻilio pū me kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻala, nā kolo, nā pūʻili o ke poʻo i ka wai a me nā hiʻi e like me ke kōlio.
He monogamous nā Beavers, ua noho aliʻi ka wahine. Lawe ʻia ka Offspring i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki. Noho ka māla mai ka waena o Ianuali a hiki i ka hopena o Pepeluali, e moe ana ka moe ma ka wai ma lalo o ka hau. Noho ʻo ka wahine hānau ma kahi o 105-107 lā. Loaʻa ʻo Cubs (1-6 i ka brood) i ʻApelila a me Mei. He semi-sighted lākou, well pubescent, ke kaupaona nei he 0.45 kg. Ma hope o nā lā 1-2 e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻauʻau, aʻo ka makuahine i nā ʻakaʻaka, ʻoi mau iā lākou i loko o ka pā o lalo o ka wai. I ka piha o 3-4 mau hebedoma, hele nā beavers i ka meaʻai me nā lau a me nā hua palupalu o nā mea kanu, akā hoʻomau ka makuahine iā lākou me ka waiū a hiki i 3 mau mahina. ʻO ka mea i ulu ai ka mea ʻōpio maʻamau e haʻalele i nā mākua no kahi 2 mau makahiki. Aia wale nō ma 2 mau makahiki ʻōpio hiki ke kamaʻilio a lele aku.
I ka pio, ke ola a beaver a hiki i ka 35 makahiki, ma ke ʻano he 10-17 mau makahiki.
[hoʻoponopono] Pūmama
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻohana beaver i kū i ka wā Tertiary ma ʻAmelika Haute mai ka Oligocene haʻahaʻa - 32 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i Europa - mai nā Oligocene Holo, a me ʻAsia - mai ka hopena o Miocene. No laila, i ka mōʻaukala, ua kūlike nā ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole i kū like ʻole.
22 he mau ʻano genera i hōʻike ʻia, a he nui loa nā mākaukau o kekahi o lākou. No laila, ma ka Pleistocene, ʻEnelani Trogontberium a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelikae i hōʻea i ka nui o kahi pea brown a kau i kā 200-300 kg.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻiniki ka meaʻoi loa ma ka Northern Hemisphere, e hōʻea ana i kahi paona awelika a hiki i 30 kg. I kekahi ʻekepila ʻē aʻe, ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo kahi mea paʻa ka mea paʻa he capybara, he koʻokoʻo semi-akuatic hoʻi ke kau nei a hiki i 50 kg.
[kuhikuhi] Ka wehewehe pōkole o ka ʻohana
ʻO nā Beavers ka nui o nā rodents hou, e hōʻea i ka 1 m ʻo ka lōʻihi a me ke kaupaona 30 kg, hoʻololi ʻia i kahi ʻano semi-aquatic i loko o nā hale hoʻihoʻi manuahi.
Torso stocky, squat, hoʻopiha ʻia me ka nāwaliwali o mua a ikaika nā pale lima lima.
Pili loaʻa nā manamana lima keʻokeʻo, a me nā ʻaoʻao piha piha piha o ka manamana lima.
Nā-puʻu ma nā lima āpau ua ulu maikaʻi, pālahalaha a pilive iki. Hoʻopili ke pua o ka manamana lima lua o ka wāwae hind ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo i neʻe ai pili i luna. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka holoholona i kā lākou lauoho me ia.
Paele ua uhi a uhi wale i nā lauoho i ka waihona, a hiki i 30 cm ka loa, 10-13 cm ākea. ʻO ka hapa nui ia he kapa a uhi ʻia hoʻi me nā unahi kaulike, ma waena o ka lauoho a me ka lauoho puʻupuʻu e noho ai. Ma ka waena waena o ka huelo he kepe kūpipi paʻakikī.
Uhi uhi kaomi ʻē aʻe i loko o ka awn awn a me nā mānoanoa palupalu i lalo. ʻO ka kala o ka hulu mai ka mālamalama a i kahi kalaʻeleʻele.
Na maka liʻiliʻi, me nā līlū pīpī.
Kāne pōkole, pālahalaha, ʻoluʻolu hoʻi e lohi i luna o ka hulu o ka huluhulu. Paʻa nā pepeiao a me nā ihu i ka wā e hemo nei ma lalo o ka wai.
Makawe lauoho ke kiʻekiʻe, kūleʻa a palupalu, me ke koʻikoʻi fluff.
ʻO nā niho lohi hoʻopili ʻia, kiʻekiʻe i ka lei, me ka ulu mau.
[hoʻoponopono i nā loina a me nā subspecies
Ka māhele hou o ka Beaver no kēia ʻano i ʻelua mau ʻano.
- Kapaha maʻamauPahu kiko), ola i ke kaha mai ke kahakai Atlantika, a hiki i ka moku Baikal a me Mongolia
- Beaver Kanakaole (ʻO Castor canadensis) - ola i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO ia nā mea ola hope loa o kekahi o nā ʻohana lehulehu o ka rodents - nā beavers.
Manaʻo kekahi mau zoologist i ka beaver ʻo Kanada e like me nā subspecies o ka beaver maʻamau, akā kuhi ʻia kēia ʻike e kekahi mau pūʻulu chromosom (48 ma ka maʻamau a me 40 ma ka Kanada).
Hoʻonohonoho ka ʻauhau hou i kēia ʻewalu subspecies o ka beaver maʻamau.
[hoʻoponopono i nā hana kūloko o ka ʻohana
- Castor Linnaeus, 1758
- Castor anderssoni † (Schlosser 1924)
- ʻO Castor californiaicus † (Kellogg 1911)
- Castor canadensis (Kuhl, 1820)
- Kahu Castor (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Kahuliono † (Stirton 1935)
- ʻO nā mea ʻalani pōpoki † (Shotwell 1963)
- ʻO nā venustus venustus † (Leidy 1858)
- Sinocastor † (Keikole 1934)
- Kōkua † (Geoffroy 1833)
- Steneofiber depereti † (Mei May 1908)
[hoʻoponopono] Wā
ʻOiai ka wā kahiko o ka mōʻī, noho ākea ka nui o nā ʻōpala o nā ʻākau ʻākau, e hōʻea ana i nā helu nui loa ma ke kihi o nā ulu ākea a komo pū me nā wao pili i loko o ka palena o semi-koraha, steppe a me nā nahele-tundra.
He wahi ākea e hoʻonui ana i ka hema ma Mexico, ʻĀpana, Transcaucasia, ʻĀpana ma Mongolia a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai ʻo Siberia kahiki, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20. kaiha ʻia i nā wahi kaʻawale.
Haʻalele kēia lā i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me Asia.
[hoʻoponopono ola
ʻOi aku ka poʻe pīpī e hoʻonoho i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahe o nā nahele. Hōʻalo ʻia nā loko nui.
Hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau a hōʻuluʻulu nani. Ma lalo o ka wai, hiki iā lākou ke noho mau i 4-5 mau minuke a hiki i kahi lōʻihi a ke lana loa i kēia manawa a 750 m.
[hoʻoponopono] kūkulu hale
No nā holoholona hale i hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻukā a i nā huts paha.
Nā pāpū ʻeli ma mua o nā aloahi. E kū mau ana ka puka o ka puka i lalo i ka wai o ka wai.
Kau ʻia kūkulu lākou i nā wahi i hiki ʻole ai ke eli, - ma nā kahawai puʻu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ma nā pāpū.
I ka pūnāwai i loko o ke kahe, ʻōlala nā beavers ma luna o nā lāʻau i kahi moe o nā lālā a me nā lālā me kahi moena o ka mauʻu maloʻo.
I kekahi manawa i loko o hoʻokahi pānaʻi beaver aia kekahi nō hoʻi a me nā ʻuʻuku. Pēlā ka poʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa, ʻaʻole loa e litter i ko lākou mau home me ka lepo a me ka excrement.
[edit] Kuapo
Uwele ana nā pahū i nā waihona kīhi; he maze paʻakikī kēia me 4-5 komo. Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia nā pā a me nā peʻe o ka lua a hoʻōla ʻia. Aia ka lumi kola i loko o ka lua i ka hohonu o ka lōʻihi aʻe o ka ma mua o ka m 1. He laulā o ka laulā o ka lumi ola me he mita, a ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 40-50 sentimita.
Pono ka papahele o 20 kenimika ma luna o ka pae wai. Inā piʻi ka wai i ka wai, e hoʻoulu kahi bea i ka papahele, e ʻohi ana i ka lepo mai ka palaki.
ʻO kekahi manawa e luku nā ʻōpala i ka peʻa o kahi lua a ma kona wahi e hoʻonohonoho i kahi papahele o nā pua a me ka lika, no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi lua o kahi ʻano transitional - he hapalua-shack.
[hoʻoponopono] Huts
ʻIke ʻia nā hape me ka nui o kahi puʻukū, i paʻa me ka silt, a hiki i 1-3 m ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 10 m ka lōʻihi.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā paia o ka hale i ka silt a me ka pālala, no laila e lilo i hale paʻa maoli, i ʻole e puʻupuʻu no nā poʻe kolo, komo ka lewa i ka pale. Hoʻopili nā Beavers i ka pālolo me nā wāwae o mua.
I loko o ka hale honu nā manholes i loko o ka wai a me kahi papa e piʻi i luna o ka pae o ka wai. Me nā hana o nā hua mua, e hoʻohui hou i nā beavers i nā houp me kahi papa hou o ka pālolo.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi lua i loko o ka hale, nā mea e puka ai i loko o ka wai. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia kahi mālama maikaʻi i loko o nā huts, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka wai, a loaʻa nā mākaʻu ke hele i loko o ke ʻano hau o ka waiwai.
I nā kuʻekuʻe koʻikoʻi ma luna o nāapu kuahiʻu, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona o ka noho ʻana o ka hale.
[hoʻoponopono i nā hana ʻino
I loko o nā hale kō me nā wai wai ʻole, ka mea hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o nā puka mai loko a me nā lumi hoʻokipa, hana nā beavers ma lalo o nā pā i lalo o ka hoʻopale ʻana mai nā wahi lāʻau, nā lālā a me ka pulupulu, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka pālolo, silt a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe. Inā he kahe wikiwiki ka kino o ka wai a aia nā pōhaku ma ka haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi lākou me he mea laʻa. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā pōhaku e hiki ke piʻi i 15-18 kg.
No ke kūkulu i ka pāpū, ua koho nā wahi i ulu a kokoke i ka lihi o ke kai. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana me nā beavers kūʻē i nā lālā a me nā ʻōpala i lalo, hoʻoikaika i nā kīpī me nā lālā a me nā ʻihi, hoʻopiha i nā kīpī me ka silt, ka pālolo a me nā pōhaku. Ma ke kākoʻo he kākoʻo ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine nā beaver i ka lāʻau i hāʻule i loko o ka wai, lohi iki iā ia me nā mea kūkulu hale mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka dam dam ka 20-30 m, ʻo ka laulā ma ke kumu he 4-6 m, ma ka crest he 1-2 m.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wahiʻu e like me 2 m, ʻoiai hiki ke piʻi ma ka 4.8 m.
Inā ikaika ka nāu, a laila kūkulu nā beavers i nā pā liʻiliʻi hou aʻe ma luna o ka muliwai. I ka ʻaina, kahi hoʻonohonoho pinepine kahi wai kahe ʻole o ka wāwahi ʻia e ke kaʻe ʻana o ka wai.
ʻO ka awelika, ʻālau ʻohana he kahi ma kahi hebedoma e kūkulu i kahi pā 10 m. Mālama ponoʻī nā mākaʻi i ka palekana o ka ʻōpū a hoʻomaikaʻi hou iā ia inā ʻaʻole leakage. I kekahi manawa pili i kekahi mau ʻohana e hana ana i nā lōlani e komo i ka hana.
[hoʻoponopono i ka palekana a me ke kūlana o nā ʻano
Hāʻawi ʻo Beaver i ka huluhulu kiʻekiʻe, ʻai nui i ka ʻiʻo, "beaver stream" ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana poni. Ma kēia hana, ua kau ʻia nā ʻano manuahi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e nā kānaka no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ikaika, hele a kokoke i ka pahuhopu: ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, ʻaʻole ka nui o ka heluna ma mua o nā holoholona he 1000, ka noho noho ʻana i ka noho i loko o nā pahu o ka Rhone, Elba, Don, Dnieper, ma nā Northern Trans-Urals, ma luna o Yenisei. Mālama ʻia i nā malu.
Ua lawe ʻia nā hana ikaika e hoʻihoʻi i kāna mau helu.
[edit] ʻO nā ʻike hoihoi
ʻIke ʻia nā mea hana ma ka Mālapa National o Canada ma nā kihi mamao loa o Alfred Wood Buffalo Park ʻo ka māka pā ʻakaʻaka nui me ka nui o 8 kahua pā - 850 m nā pāka o Canada i paʻi i nā kiʻi o ka pōpoki pīhoihoi nui loa o ka honua, he nui a he ʻike maoli ʻia mai ka lewa mai. Ua haʻi kahi ʻelele o ka hoʻokele Park ma ua ʻike nā limahana i ka ʻehā mau makahiki i hala aku nei a kūkulu i kahi lele no ka mea ʻaʻohe ala ʻē aʻe e ʻike i kēia ʻano hana nui.
