Palapala Latin: | ʻO Columba livia |
Kaulana: | Hoʻololi ʻia |
Ohana: | Pigeon |
Kau koho: | ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōiwi Europa |
ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 32-37 cm, nā pihi 62-75 cm, ke kino nui 200-400 g: ʻO ke ʻano o ka manu nūnū uliuli ke ʻike i nā mea a pau. ʻO nā mea kokoke loa, hiki ke hilahila me kahi clintukh, kahi mai ka polu uliuli polū, me nā ʻano like ʻole o kona kala, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano me nā maka ʻula a me nā pua aniani. ʻO kahi hōʻailona kūpono ʻole hoʻi he wahi keʻokeʻo ia ma ke kua o lalo, no ka mea aia kekahi kanaka i ʻike ʻia i loko a aneane ʻole ia. Ma ka māhele i noʻonoʻo ʻia, ʻo ka manu nunu polū he ʻano synanthropic i loaʻa i nā hale kanaka i nā kūloko a me nā kūlanakauhale. ʻAno ʻē ka ʻano ʻē a me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i nā manu ma ke kaona a me nā kaiāulu, no ka laʻana, ka ʻoni manu kūwaho i ke kula noho ʻana ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau a me nā ʻea, a ʻo nā mea e noho nei ma nā ʻāina kūwaho, ʻaʻole lākou i hana, e pili pono ana i ko lākou mau mākua aloha i ka noho ʻana i nā ʻōpala.
ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa pinepine pinepine e hālāwai me nā poʻe no ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ka "wild" i waena o nā ʻalā hina hina e noho ana i nā wahi ma kahi o nā kūlanakauhale. He ʻumi pale ʻeleʻele a lākou i ka ʻēheu me ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele nui i nā uhi nui o nā hulu lele, he wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana hina, kahi ʻeleʻele hina me kahi kaula ākea ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho. Ma waena o nā manu ʻolo o ke kūlanakauhale, nā manu o ke kala ʻeleʻele, a hiki i ke ʻeleʻele loa, predominate. ʻO ka pinepine kekahi ma nā ʻāpana ʻula a keʻokeʻo paha a me ka ʻuala-keke ka hopena, ʻo ia ka hopena o ke kāʻei ʻana i nā sizars synanthropic liar a me nā pigeons home kūloko. I nā manu ʻo ia, ʻo ke kala o ka beak a ʻokoʻa paha nā maka - he ʻūʻele a ulaula ka maka.
Manaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. He akaka ka manaʻo he nui i nā leo o nā manu kalalona.
Ke Kālaha a me ke kūlana. ^ E Ha yM. E loaʻa i nā wahi ma nā wahi ma Africa a me Eurasia, ka nui i ka Crimea a me ka Caucasus. ʻO ka lehulehu ka nui o nā kaona i loko o ka honua. Ma Lūkia Lūkini, loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau i nā wahi noho. Aia ma nā kūlanakauhale nui kahi nui o nā manu manu. Ma nā'āina aku, maʻamau i maʻamau i nā hema hema, i ka pae i ka pae wāwae. Eia ma nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi i hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i kahi manu nunu kani ʻana. Nā hiʻohiʻona Sedentary.
Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. I ka heluna o nā kūlanakauhale, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohiwahiwa i kēlā makahiki kēia makahiki, ʻaʻohe ko ka wā, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo, he wā haʻahaʻa loa ia. Ua ʻike ʻia nā kāne e alualu i nā wahine a hōʻike iā lākou i nā ʻano pose a me nā pa, a me nā lele o kēia manawa me ka hoʻōho nui o nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā lotika o nā hale e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke wahi e moe ai, ma laila ke ʻano, ʻaʻole he nests - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpala i kau ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi lua i hahi ʻia i ka pā o ka mane. Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻana i nā kaona i loko o nā wai ākea ākea a ma nā wahi o ka ʻai ʻana i nā manu e nā kānaka. Ma nā wahi'āina, e hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻohana nui i nā mea kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻouluulu ʻē aʻe, kahi e hānai ai i ka palaoa a me ka holoholona holoholona. Loaʻa i nā manawa i loaʻa i loko o nā pā i hoʻopili ʻia me nā manu pige, ʻoi loa me nā vahirs. Noho nā ʻōleʻa hina hina i nā mauna a pūlea ma luna o nā pōhaku.
Ma ka māhele ʻo Volga a ma ke kūkulu hema o nā mokulele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻōʻī paluʻO Columba eversmannipaapu ma Asia Asia a me Kazakhstan. He ʻano he clintukha, akā liʻiliʻi (lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino 28-31 cm, nā ʻēheu 60-66 cm), ʻōpū o luna, ka puʻu ʻulaʻula a me nā kaila he melemele, ka ʻāpana melemele, nā wāwae hina. He pōkole ʻo ka manu o ka manu a me ka keʻokeʻo, e like me ka manu nunu hina haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa hoʻi, i lalo o ka ʻēheu ke kala māmā. Hoʻopuka ʻo Tokuya i kahi coo palupalu "uupu-wupbuuu, wupu-wupbuuu. ».
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Blue Dove
ʻO ka manu pigeon ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo cisar; pili kēia manu manu i ka ʻohana pigeon a me ka manu manu i like me ka manu. ʻO ka ʻimiʻawa ʻana o ka Archaeological i hiki ai i ka ʻike, ʻoiai ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana e nā koena fossil, nā ʻano manu manu i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi o ke kanaha paha kanalima miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka pau ia o Eokene a ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Oligocene. ʻAmelika Komohana, Hema o ʻEulopa a me South-West Asia i manaʻo ʻia i kahi e hānau ʻia ai ka manu. ʻOiai, i ka wā kahiko, humuhumu ka poʻe kānaka i kēia mau manu.
Pahu - kahi mea lawe i nā maʻi pilikia
ʻAʻole no kekahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka manu ʻoi ʻo ka "lele rat." Hiki i kēia manu ke lilo i kanaka pahuhopu a hiki i ka 90 maʻi. Eia kekahi, 10 o lākou he pathogenic no nā kānaka. ʻO ka Salmonellosis, histoplasmosis a me ka ornithosis he mea weliweli loa. ʻO kēia ka laʻana, ʻo ka ornithosis kahi maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi, i ka hopena o ka hanu o ke akekona, e hiki ai i nā hopena hou loa. Hopu ka poʻe i kahi maʻi e ka pili ʻana me nā manu a i ʻole ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka ea me nā hawewe o nā manu manu i hoʻomākeʻe ʻia.
Eia hoʻi, ka mea mālama manu ka mea lawe i nā nui o ka nui o ka maʻiʻaila, ka ʻōpala nui. Nā parasitise i ka ʻili o ke kanaka, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻeha, ka ʻohi a me nā hemorrhages, hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻōmino koʻikoʻi.
Akā ʻo ka hapa nui, he pilikia nā pigeons no ko lākou mau hulu ākea. Hoʻokomo lākou i nā manu mahiʻai me nā maʻi weliweli, e hoʻopilikia ai i ka nui o nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mahiʻai. ʻO nā manu hoʻonani e noho ana i loko o nā hale kanaka ke pale aku i ka pilikia.
Pigeons - nā puaʻa hoihoi
ʻOiai ʻoe e pā i kēia hulu "hōʻailona o ka honua", hoʻāla ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻōpala, nā huahana manuahi manu nā lā a me ka pō :)
Hoʻopuka nā paligeons i nā alanui, nā alanui, nā kaʻa. Nui ka hele ʻana i nā monumona.
ʻO nā Pigeons me ka hana hewa ʻole e hoʻopiʻi pono ʻia no ka luku ʻana i nā pōpō pōhaku o ka papa hana. Hāpai i nā vandals i kā nā hua mai nā pahele, no laila e hāʻawi ai i kā lākou hoʻonui. Me nā hana kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, alakaʻi kēia i ka luku pau ʻole o ka heiau.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā hua ʻōlelo hoʻokaʻawale i nā lotics o nā hale lehulehu, kahi i koho ʻia e nā pigeons no ko lākou pono. Inā ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka attic no ka lōʻihi, e nānā ka mea like me kēia:
Ua uhi ʻia me nā ʻāpana o nā ʻaukā manu nui i hui pū ʻia me nā hulu, nā ʻula a me nā manu hoʻi. He hōloli maoli kēia o ka maʻi a me nā lolo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha nā ʻōpū polū e like
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpū o ka pigeon, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi mai ka 37 a 40 cm. Loaʻa nui ʻia ka cesar, akā nui ke ʻano o ka momona momona o ka subcutaneous.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka nui o nā manu no ka puaʻa puaʻa mai ka 240 a 400 mika, ua loaʻa pinepine nā specimens o ke kūlanakauhale i ka momona, no laila e kaumaha nui ʻia.
ʻO ka poʻo o ka pigeon ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka beak ka lōʻihi e pili ana iā 2,5 cm, ua piʻihiʻu ʻia i ka maka a i kahaki. Kele ʻeleʻele ka ʻōmaʻomaʻa o ka beak, akā ʻike ʻia ke aniani keʻokeʻo ma ke kumu. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻike nā ʻano o nā manu o ka manu ma lalo o ka plumage, akā hopu lākou i nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻole a ke kanaka lohe. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lei o ka manu me kahi mea hoʻokūkū kūʻokoʻa (me ka ʻae o nā hulu) goiter. Aia ia ma kēia wahi nā shimmers plumage me nā kala ʻoniʻula e hoʻohuli maikaʻi ʻia i loko o nā aniani waina ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka ʻeke pigeon a puni i ka hopena, ʻo kona lōʻihi he 13 a he 14 cm paha, ʻike ʻia kahi palena ʻeleʻele ma ka plumage. He lōʻihi ka ʻēheu o ka manu a me ka lōʻihi, he 65 a 72 cm, ākea ko lākou kumu, a ākea nā kihi. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā hulu pua me nā manamana liʻiliʻi a ʻeleʻele. Ke nānā nei i nā ʻēheu, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i ka mana pigeon, hiki i nā manu ke lele i ka wikiwiki o 70 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola, a ʻoi nā manu lele hihiu i ka uila wikiwiki, hiki iā lākou ke hiki ke holo hou i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 170.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka lōʻihi ma waena o ka cisar e hiki ke uhi i ka lā ma kahi o kahi o 800 mau mile.
ʻĀniʻoni nā ʻano like ʻole o nā iris nā maka o manu, hiki iā lākou:
- gula (maʻamau)
- ulaula
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o nā kukupa, ʻekolu ʻekolu, ʻokoʻa nā ʻōpū o nā manu, e ʻohi maikaʻi ʻia, ʻaina lākou i ka mālamalama ultraviolet. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka Pigeon i ka wā hele a ʻano ʻē aʻe paha, no ka mea, ʻo kahi cisar e neʻe ana i ka papa i ka ʻike ʻana i kāna ʻike i nā manawa āpau. ʻO ka pōkole nā wāwae o ka manu, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā waihoʻoluʻu e nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka ʻulaʻula i ka uliuli, loaʻa paha kekahi mau manu iā lākou. Pono e kūkākūkā ka ʻāpana o nā pigeons. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona maʻamau loa he hina-uliuli. He mea kūpono ia e ʻike iki ana ka liu o ka mau puaʻa hihiu ma mua o ko lākou mau synanthropic counterparts. I loko o ke kūlanakauhale, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā manu o nā ʻano like ʻole e ʻokoʻa i ka kala maʻamau.
E pili ana i ka kala, hele mai nā pigeons:
- hau ʻeleʻele (noke a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā kala),
- ʻulaʻula kukui me nā hulu manu keʻokeʻo,
- ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele (lau kala),
- pouli
- ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ma waena o nā manu ʻōlaka, aia ma mua o kahi o ka hapa haneli o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole.
I ka ʻāʻī, ke poʻo a me ka umauma, ʻokoʻa ka kala i ke ala nui o ka plumage. Eia ua melemele ʻo ia me ka melemele, keʻokeʻo a me nā kala-violet kuono me kahi pua metala. Ma kahi o ka goiter, hiki i ka kala ke waina. I ka wahine, ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia ka luster ma ka umauma. Inā ʻaʻole, he mau mea like lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pulu hulu manu i ka wahine. ʻIleo ka ʻōpiopio uʻi, e kali ana no ka molt mua.
Pigeons - Kōkiko Honua
He hulu lōʻihi nā manu no nā limahana a me nā mokulele mokulele. Lele nā mokulele i kahi kiʻekiʻe na hiki ʻole i nā manu. Eia naʻe, i ka manawa o ka lawe i hala / hoʻoneʻe, lele maila ka mokulele i ka noho o nā manu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu i hāʻule i loko o nā ʻōlani o nā mokulele, me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻole ʻana i lilo i kumu no nā mea hōʻehaʻino i alakaʻi ʻia i nā pōʻino.
ʻO nā manu flocking e makaʻu nui ʻia. E like me nā kukupa a me nā mea ʻuwā. ʻO nā pua o nā manu hihiu i hāʻule i loko o ka mākaʻi o ka mokulele, i hōʻoia ʻia e haʻalele iā ia i kahi hana.
Ke hoʻokuʻi manu i nā manu mai ke kikowaena o nā mokulele, hoʻokomo nā kānaka i nā mea hoʻohana repellers. I kekahi manawa ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kaua lāʻau "kūʻē manu - nā manu o ka mea i make e like me kahi kelcon a me kahi lawaiʻa. Hoʻokomo ka poʻe hoʻowahāwahā i nā pigeons, nā mea hū me nā "lawehala" ʻē aʻe o ka ea mokulele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai nā hana āpau, ma kahi o 5,000 o nā piliona o nā manu me nā mokulele e hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka manu kukū?
Kiʻi ʻākau: Blue Dove ma Lūkia
Ua lanakila ʻo Sisari i nā ʻāina ʻē a pau, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike wale ma Antarctica. ʻO ka hapa nui, ua noho kēia mau manu ma nā ʻāina o ʻelua konupena: ma Eurasia, e noho ana i kāna kikowaena a me nā ʻaoʻao hema, a ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika wela. Ma Eurasia, eia ua koho ʻo nā manu manu i nā mauna Altai, hikina India, nā mauna Tien Shan, nā wahi kāhea mai ka ʻaoʻao Yenisei a hiki i ka moana Atlantika. ʻO kekahi, ʻo nā manu manu e manaʻo ʻia nā kānaka noho mau o ka penikala Crimean a me Caucasus. Ma Aferika mamao, noho nā pigeons ma nā wahi i kapakai o Darfur a me ke Kaiwa ʻo Aden, noho i kekahi mau wahi Senegalese. ʻO nā manu ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi i noho ʻia ma Sri Lanka, Nui Pelekane, Canaries, ke Mediterranean a me nā moku Faroe.
ʻO nā kaikuaʻana ʻē aʻe e like me nā mauna mauna, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kiʻekiʻe o 2.5 a 3 km. ʻAʻole lākou e noho mamao i nā papahele grassy, kahi e noho ai nā loko i kahi kokoke. ʻO kēia mau pigeons i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i nā pali pōhaku, nā ʻūhā a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i mamao aku i ka poʻe. Mau nahele nui nā manu ʻoi manu. ʻO nā wahi a ka ʻāina he monoton a me ka hāmama wale nō hoʻi ia he kūpono ʻole no lākou, no ka mea, pono nā manu i nā hale pōhaku kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā pōhaku.
Hāpai ʻia ka manu manu synanthropic i nā teritori kahi i nui nā hale kiʻekiʻe; a pili lākou i nā wahi like ʻole o nā ʻoihana kula, hiki ke loaʻa kahi mamao mai nā kūlanakauhale. Ma nā kūlanakauhale nui, hiki i kēia mau manu ke noho i nā wahi a pau: ma nā māla nui a me nā wahi papa, ma nā hale o nā hale, nā wahi nui, i nā hale i kūkulu ʻia ʻole ʻia ʻole. Ma nā'āina aku, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana manu o ka manu i ka wā e waiho ai ka palaoa a me ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi nā manu i nā kauhale. Noho ka noho ʻana o nā kaona ʻona ma kahi ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka palekana i ka hana ʻana i kā lākou mau honu, a i ka manawa i ke anuanu, paʻakikī, nā manawa hoʻoilo ke noho nei lākou a kokoke i kahi noho kanaka, a hōʻuluʻulu pinepine lākou a puni nā ʻōpala.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ma kekahi mau konohiki, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā manu piula ma nā mea hoʻohanohano. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma Nova Scotia, kahi i lawe mai ai nā manu me lākou i ka poʻe Farani i 1606.
ʻĀnō ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi e noho ai ka manu. E nānā nā mea e ʻai ana ka manu nunu hina?
He aha nā mea manu eʻai ai?
Kiʻi ʻĀkau: Bird Grey Dove
Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā pigeons uliuli ma ke ʻano he aloha ʻole a me nā mea ʻole i ke koho o nā meaʻai.
ʻO kā lākou hana maʻamau manu e kū nei:
- nā ʻano kauhele āpau
- nā hua kanu
- nā huaʻala
- pua nui
- nā hua lāʻau ʻē aʻe
- nā ʻōpala
- nā mollusks
- nā pepeke ʻano like ʻole.
Ma kahi e nui ai ka meaʻai, e hānai ana nā manu i nā ʻohana āpau, helu ʻumi a i hoʻokahi haneli manu. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā hua manu i nānā ʻia ma ke kīhāpai i ka wā o ka ʻohi ʻana, kahi e ʻohi ai i nā hua ʻala a me nā ʻōpala i nā hua manu mai ka honua
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Maikaʻi loa nā Pigeons, a loaʻa i kahi papa hana āpau, ʻaʻole i ʻae i nā manu i nā hua peʻa mai nā pepeiao, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki nā manu i ka ʻāina e kanu ai, ʻo lākou hoʻi, ka pīpī i nā hua he nui o ka ʻano lau.
ʻOi aku ke ʻano o Sisari, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā makahiki he kanahā o ka hua i ka manawa, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā he kanaono grama. Hana kēia i ka wā e nui ai nā meaʻai a me ka manu nunu i wikiwiki kekahi e ʻai no ka wā e hiki mai ana. I nā wā pōloli, ua akamai nā manu a me ka ʻoihana nui, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi mea e ola ai. Hoʻomaka nā manu i ʻai i ka meaʻai maʻamau no lākou: nā ʻoki i puliki, nā hua aʻa. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hoʻomaloʻo sisari i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi, nāʻu a me nā one. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea i ka squeamish a me nā mea piʻilima, i nā manawa paʻakikī ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ke kalrion, ke kālai ʻana i nā paʻai o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻōpihi, nā heihei kolohe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He 37 mau ʻona ʻaila nā Pigeons, i nā kānaka he 10 tausani.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Blue manu nunu i ka lele
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Cesarean i nā manu noho paʻa i ke ʻano o ke ao. I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, lele nā manu i nā wahi like a hiki i ka napoo ʻana o ka lā. Akā i loko o nā kūlanakauhale, hoʻomau ka hoʻomau i kā lākou kaʻina ma hope o ka lā, ke ʻeleʻele ʻole hoʻi. I ka pō e hoʻomaha ai nā pigeons, akā ma mua o ka hele ʻana e hoʻāʻo e inu i ka wai ʻona. Noho moe nā wahine ma kahi hana, a kokoke nā kāne ma kahi ʻē, no ka mea e mālama lākou i kā lākou keiki aloha a me nā hua. Hoʻopili i luna a hūnā i kona poʻo ma lalo o ka ʻēheu, hāʻule i ka puaʻa i loko o ka moeʻuhane, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia, akā mau a hiki i ke kakahiaka.
Ua makemake ʻo Sizars e hele ma ka lewa o ka honua, a ʻo ko lākou mau mokulele ka mea e pili ana wale no kanakolu kanakolu o ka lā. ʻO nā manu manu hihiu e hoʻoikaika nui i kēia hana, e neʻe ana i kahi mamao o 50 km mai kahi e loaʻa ai i ka wahi i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia hana i ka hoʻoilo, inā paʻakikī nā mea me ka meaʻai. Ma keʻano maʻamau, ola ka nui o nā hulu manu, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i nā lole mahana, ʻaʻole lākou i hānai ʻia e nā kānaka.
Ua lilo ʻo Pigeons i mau hoa kanaka i ka launa kanaka, i kekahi manawa paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i nā alanui o ke kaona me kēia mau poʻe noho lōʻihi a ʻike i ka poʻe hulu. Hoʻopili nā Pigeons a me nā kānaka i nā wahi like i mea e hiki ai i kekahi ke hoʻoponopono i nā ʻano manu, nā hana a me nā hiki. ʻO ka papa hana maikaʻi loa ma ka lewa i hana ʻia i ka wā kahiko o nā pigeons nā mea akamai a hilinaʻi hoʻi. He akamai a ka lāʻau pigeon, a he hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi hoʻi, no ka mea ke lele ʻana i mau tausani mau mile, ua ʻike mau ʻo ia i ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home.
Hiki i nā lāʻau Pigeons ke aʻo ʻia, ʻike mākou i kēia mau manu e hana ana i loko o ka pā polani. Akā ʻo ka mea ʻoiai ua hana pono lākou i ka hana ʻimi hulina, ʻike liʻiliʻi.Ua aʻo ʻia nā manu e hana i nā leʻalulu nui i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka ʻula melemele a i kā māua ma luna o kahi o ka mea i loaʻa ʻole. Wānana nā Sizars i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, no ka mea, he naʻauao loa lākou i nā loli i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaomi a me nā leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole ia i pane ʻia i ke kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Manaʻo ka poʻe Ornithologists i ka orienting pigeon i ka lewa e pili ana i ka mālamalama o nā lā a me nā māla. Ua hōʻike ʻia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, alakaʻi ʻia nā manu e nā hale i kūkulu ʻia e nā kānaka.
Ua ʻaneʻane like nā poʻe āpau e lohe i nā manu nunu nalo, nā ʻano like me nā ʻāʻī e huhū ana. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau chord, nā hoa hana hoʻopunipuni wahine, a hiki ke hoʻokau aku i ka poʻe aloha. ʻO ka pinepine ka coo i ka male. ʻOi wale ka ʻokoʻa a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i ʻelima mau ʻano manu pigeon.
Pēlā e kūlohelohe ai nā manu:
- nā mea aloha
- kahu inoa
- hāhā
- liuha
- ʻo ka huaʻai (paʻi ʻia i ka wā ʻai).
I ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā leo leo, kamaʻilio nā pigeons kekahi me kekahi, e hoʻopiʻi ana i ko lākou mau ʻēheu.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: hoʻokahi mau pīpī
ʻAʻohe mea i kapa ʻia ka poʻe aloha i nā manu nunu, no ka mea e hana kēia mau manu i mau kāne no ke ola, noho mau me ka mālama aloha a nani hoʻi. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā papigeons i kona mau makahiki ʻeono. ʻO nā Pigeons e noho ana i nā wahi me kahi mahanahana e pili ana i nā kuina i ka makahiki a puni, a ʻo nā manu ʻūlū wale nō i ka manawa mahana. He nani loa ka cavalier ma hope o ka pigeon āna i makemake ai, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻowalewale iā ia. Ke hana nei, e piʻi ai ke kāne, hoʻopili i ka huelo, hana i nā neʻe ʻana, hoʻāʻo e kāpī i ka wahine me kona mau ʻēheu, e hoʻomoe ana i nā hulu ma kona ʻāʻī.
Noho mau ka koho me ka hoa hana, inā makemake ʻo ia i ke kanaka maikaʻi, a laila e lilo ka hui ʻohana e ola i ka manu holoʻokoʻa, kahi mai ka ʻekolu a ʻelima mau makahiki ma vivo, ʻoiai i ke pio ʻana ka mea hiki i ka pipi ke ola i ka 15. I ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopiha iā ia iho me kahi wahi hana. , lawe mai ke kāne i nā mea waiwai (lālā, fluff, twigs), a me ka makuahine e hali ana i ka ʻuʻuku maikaʻi. Ke kū ʻia nei ka hoa paio, ʻaʻole hakakā nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne.
Hoʻomaka ka hua ʻōpala ma ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau he ʻelua wale nō o lākou, ʻo ka hua he liʻiliʻi, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a ʻūnā iki paha. ʻO ka huaʻakolu ʻekolu i waiho ʻia i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka mua. Hoʻomoe ke kaʻina o ka incubation mai 16 a 19 mau lā. Pāwila nā mākua i nā hua, e hoʻohuli i kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka pinepine loa o ka kāne i loko o ka pūnana i ka ao, a ʻo ka makuahine makemake e noho nui ma luna o nā hua i ka pō a pau. ʻAʻole hani nā pēpē i ka manawa like, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano o nā pipi ka hiki ke ʻelua mau lā.
Pane koke ʻoe i ka wā i hānau ʻia, hiki ke lohe ʻoe i ka squeak o nā pigeons me ka hulu o ka hulu a pono e wela ka wela. A hiki i 25 lā mau lā, mālama nā mākua i nā pēpē me ka waiū i hānai ʻia i loko o ka goiter manu. I ka hiki ʻana i kahi mahina, hoʻāʻo nā manu piʻu i nā ʻuala i ko lākou ʻuʻuku, lālau me kā lākou beka mai ka ʻāʻī o ko lākou makuakāne a me ko lākou makuakāne. I nā makahiki 45, lilo nā pēpē i ikaika a uhi ʻia i ka plumage, no laila ua haʻalele lākou i kā lākou pili, waiho ana no ka ola pākeke a kūʻokoʻa.
ʻIke maoli nō: I hoʻokahi manawa, hiki i hoʻokahi kime pigeon ke hōʻuluʻulu mai ʻehā a ʻewalu pololo, akā ʻaʻole ola nā moa a pau.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kahi manu nunu hina
Kuhi: He aha nā ʻōpū polū e like
I nā hōʻaele hina hina i ka nui o ka hihiu. Ua hoʻoweliweli nui ka poʻe predatory Feral iā lākou. Mai noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻaleʻa manu piʻai. ʻO ka mea weliweli loa lākou i ka wā lawe. ʻO ka ʻōleʻa a me nā koikoi ʻoliʻoli nui i ka manu manu, hoʻokahi wale nō ko lākou ʻohana i ka lā e hiki ke hoʻopukū a ʻelima mau puaʻa.
Hoʻoweliweli ka Hawks, ʻo nā mea mua, nā mea aloha, nā mea mālama, a me nā hoahānau synanthropic lākou hopohopo i nā pihi peregrine, hele kipa lākou i nā ʻāina o ke kaona e hoʻōla i ka manu a hānai i nā pipi. Hoʻomo hewa ka helu o nā manu i nā ʻōpio, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ʻo ia ka mea mua loa, e hoʻouka i nā moa a i nā manu nāwaliwali o ka wā kahiko. ʻO ka nohona no nā pigeons nā pēpē maʻamau e makemake iā lākou e hopu iā lākou.
ʻO nā nige Pigeon i hele pinepine ʻole i ka panakō:
Hoʻopau ʻo nā maʻi lehulehu i nā mea lele he nui, no ka mea e noho ākea ana nā pigeons, no laila e pālahalaha ana ka maʻi i ka wikiwiki o ka uila. Ma waena o nā ʻenua manu kalaiʻa, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻolauna i kahi kanaka i hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka manu manu, he nui loa ia i loko o kona ʻāina, no ka mea ke manaʻo nei ʻo ia i nā mea halihali i nā maʻi weliweli a me nā pōpilikia o nā ʻāina kūloko e hoʻopilikia nei i nā poho manu.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kiʻi ʻĀkau: Bird Grey Dove
ʻOi ka laha ʻānō o nā manu, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma nā wahi paʻa. Ua maʻa pinepine ʻia nā kānaka iā lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e nānā i ka nānā, a me ke koʻikoo lākou ka maʻi ʻoluʻolu loa i kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻole no ka helu o ka māka pigeon i kahi hopohopo i waena o nā hui kaiapuni, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia aia ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā meae puaʻa. Hoʻopiʻi pinepine lākou me nā kūlanakauhale.
He hauʻoli nō ka ʻike ʻole ʻana ʻole i mea hoʻoweliweli i ka nui o ka pigeon, ʻaʻole ia e make i ka manawa āpau, a pili pū kokoke i ua kanaka lā, hoʻomau ʻo ia e hoʻonui a hoʻonui i kona helu. Aia i kekahi mau wahi, aia kahi kūlana he nui nā manu, no laila pono ka poʻe ke hōʻoki iā lākou e ke kīpē ʻana me ke kai. ʻO kēia ke kumu i ka nui o nā kīkē manu i hōʻino i ka ʻike kuʻuna o nā kūlanakauhale, nā hōʻino i nā hale a me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā kīwaha uhi uhi kaʻa. Hiki i nā pigeon ke hoʻopōʻino i nā kānaka me nā maʻi e like me ka bird bird, torulosis, ornithosis, no laila, nui loa ka poʻe o lākou e pilikia no ka poʻe.
No laila, mea kūpono no ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole ʻo nā līulu hina, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka nui o ko lākou lehulehu, i kekahi manawa he nui loa. ʻAʻole i kau inoa nā papa inoa ʻole i nā papa inoa ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e pili ana i ko lākou ola, a no laila ʻaʻole pono nā mea palekana, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoliʻoli.
E hōʻuluʻulu i loko, pono ia e hoʻohui i kēlā pige pig nani loa, nani a hanohano, ʻano nani a hoihoi loa ia i kona ʻano hoʻi, ʻaʻole no kekahi mea i loko o ka wā kahiko ua mahalo nui ʻia a pilikino ia i ka maluhia, aloha a aloha ʻole. Aia ʻo Sizar ma kahi kanaka, e manaʻolana ana i kona kōkua a me kāna kākoʻo, no laila, pono mākou e ʻano aloha i nā pigeons a mālama pono, ʻoi loa i nā palu hau maloʻo.
ʻO keʻano
Kui manu nui, ka lōʻihi o nā kāne 335-375 mm, nā wahine 325-370 mm, ka loa lōʻihi o nā kāne 215–238 mm, nā wahine 210–230 mm, ka nui o nā kāne 675-77 mm, mau wahine 670-77 mm mm, lōʻihi o ka weli wahine 18,0 -22.3 mm, wahine wahine 17.0-21.5 mm, ka lōʻihi o ka bobbin kāne 28-32 mm, nā wahine 26-31 mm, paona - 300 g
ʻO ka puka kahi wahi hihiu he palala hina hina, ʻeleʻele hoʻi i lalo a me ka ʻulaʻula-ʻaoʻao i nā ʻaoʻao. He kala uliuli wale ke poʻo, e huli ana i ka ʻāʻī i nā kala polū kala. Neck me ka pua metallic green, liʻiliʻi i kūkulu ʻia ma kona ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka pua ʻala o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻeke ma ka mea hele i ka mea hele aku i poni ʻia i ka poni-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula (keleawe-ʻulaʻula). ʻO ke kua o ke kua he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ka hana i kahi kaula e pili ana i ka 5-6 cm ākea. ʻO kaʻili ʻōleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo mau loa i ke kapa poʻomanaʻo, ka lalo o nā maka o ka wahiʻeleʻele, e komo ai ka hana. Pahu hina ka hulu ʻili me ke aniani ākea ʻalopihi he 20-25 mm ka laulā a me nā ʻeleʻele hina hina o nā ʻōpala 5-7 mm ākea, he keʻokeʻo ka pā o waho o ka ʻōpala nui, koe wale nō ka ʻona apical. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka uhi o lalo i loko, ma nā ʻēheu, ma nā uhi ākea a me nā ʻāpana lua, ʻelua mau ʻāpana piha, ʻae ʻia ka laulā 8-12 mm ākea. ʻEleʻeleʻele ka ipukukū me nā ʻōniʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele nā wāwae, ʻākei melemele paha a ʻulaʻula-ʻoni paha ka iris. ʻAʻole i loli i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hanana o nā pulupulu hina hina.
ʻO ke kāne kāne a me ka wahine i ʻike pinepine ʻia e ke kala o kā lākou plumage. ʻO ka wahine ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne a me ko lākou mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo a me ke ʻala ʻekala wili māmā a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka pae o ka goiter a me nā ʻaoʻao hope o ke ʻā. Hoʻomaka i nā ʻōpio o ka huluhulu metallic o ka hulu, kapa like ʻole, e like me ka umauma, nā kīkaha ʻolima pōmaikaʻi i hōʻailona ʻole ʻia, he nui nā hulu me ka kihi kaʻo ʻalani.
He ʻokoʻa ka laulā o ke ʻano o ka synanthropic ʻano. I loko o nā ʻohana o kēia mau manu, aia nā manu me nā hulu keʻokeʻo a me ke brown, a eia naʻe, he nui wale nō ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke kea me nā manu kalalā. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻōpala o nā manu ua like ia me ka waihoʻoluʻu me ke ʻano hihiu.
Manaʻo
I kahi kukupa hina, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o nā leo leo ʻelima, i hoʻokahi pae a i ʻole kekahi, e pili ana i ka wā o kēia manawa a me ka hana ʻana:
- draft coo, aia i ke kani ʻana o ke kani ʻana o "guuut ... guuut",
- kani ke kani ʻana i ka nahele e like me ka mea e kono ʻia ai iā ia, akā i ka manawa o ka wahine e hoʻokokoke ana i ka nano, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka puʻu i kēia mau kani a ʻo ke mele o ke kani ʻana ʻo "Kuuhguuut ... Kuuhguuut",
- o ke mele, i haʻi ʻia i ka manawa ʻo ke kāne ka ʻeuʻeu ʻana i ka wahine, i ka manawa mua i kani pū ʻia ai nā leo kūwaʻo "guurcuu ... guurcuuu", akā, ke hauʻoli loa ke kāne, hoʻohālike ʻia kēia mau leo me ka ikaika nui a hoʻomaka ʻia ke oli e like me ke mau ʻana ke kani ʻana o "guuurrkruu ... guururkruu".
- i ka manawa pōpilikia a he huhū paha ka manu e kani ai ke kani kūlokoʻi "grouu ... grouu" ai ʻole "grouuf ... grouuf",
- i ka manawa e hānai ai i nā moa, hoʻolaha ka manu lele i ka lekiu coo "giuuguuut ... giuuguuut".
Mālama
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao kūloko o ka manu manu nūnū e noho ana i ka waenakonu a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Eurasia mai ka ʻAkipika a hiki i ke awāwa o Yenisei, nā mauna Altai, nā Tien Shan, ʻālehema India a me Myanmar, a me ʻAberika ma mua o Senegal, Darfur a me ke kapakai o ke Kaiwa o Aden.
Noho ia nā wahi kino a me nā ʻāina o ka māhele Saratov. Noho ana ia i nā kūlanakauhale nui a me nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi (e komo pū ana me Rtishchevo), kahi o nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻike o ka manu ʻuʻuku ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma nā pihi Volga ma ka Saratov Right Bank.
Hoʻaiho
Kīwī manu uliuli - he kanaka noho o nā kuahiwi (i ʻike ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2500-3000 m ma luna o ke kai) i ke kaiāulu i uhi ʻia me nā ʻano lau hehi a me ka piha ʻana o nā loko wai kahe a me nā wahi ākea ākea, nā haki ma nā pali, nā pali a me nā mea ʻē ʻole i pili ʻole ʻia. me nā wahi noho kanaka. Hōʻalo ʻia nā ulu lāʻau nui e nā pige pig. Kēia loaʻa pinepine lākou i nā wahi ākea me kahi kōkua papana, kahi ʻole nā hale kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano kauhale. ʻO ka pigeon uliuli synanthropic - hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahi i kūkulu ʻia me nā hale pōhaku kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale, akā naʻe, ka hoka ʻana i nā hale pilikino pānaʻi, ʻo kekahi mau hola he lōʻihi i kahi mamao aku o nā panalāʻau nui. I ke kūlana o ke kūlanakauhale, e noho nui ia ma luna o nā kumulāʻau a kū pinepine i nā māla nui a me nā māla nui. I nā wahi kua'āina, ʻoiai ka nui o ka meaʻai, he kīpī palupalu ka mea maʻamau. Ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai mauna, e noho ana nā pigeons ma luna o nā pali pohō, i loko o kahi kīhāpai a i nā kuahiwi - ma nā pali a me nā pōhaku, ma nā pāpū - i nā ʻōpala lepo a ma nā hale pōhaku nui. Ma nā wahi āpau e nānā.
Ke noho maʻamau
Ke alakaʻi nei ka puaʻa hina i kahi nohona maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka manawa o kāna hana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka lōʻihi o ke ao. I nā kūlana o ke kūlanakauhale, hoʻoikaika ikaika kekahi mau pīpī i ke ahiahi ma muli o ke kukui ʻana i nā alanui, nā kikowaena, nā paewa o nā hale, nā hale ʻaina o nā hale pule, a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia i nā wahi poloka ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale, ka mea ʻeleʻele pinepine i nā pōpoki manu.
ʻO ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā nā pigeons hina i ka wā hana ʻole no ka hilahila e hōʻemi ʻia i nā manawa koho o ka hānai a me ka hoʻomaha. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, ke hele nei lākou ma ka hānai a me ka lā hoʻomaha ma ka awelika 31% o ka manawa, ma ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha pō - 35%, a ma kahi o 3% o ka manawa i hala i ka lele i nā wahi pō. I ka manawa hana o ka nohona, hoʻopau ka manu i ka 34% o ka manawa i ka hoʻomaha o ke ao, ʻo 30% no ka hānai a me ka waiwī (me nā kahu hānai a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pōpoki), 10% ma ka hoʻomohala a me ka mālama o ka wahi hana, a ʻo 26% i ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha pō.
ʻO ka ʻōpō uliuli uliuli nui ke mālama i ka nānā ʻana i ke ala o nā kānaka, lele lele i mua. ʻO ka pigeon uliuli nāwi ka mea e noho ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma ka nui o nā kaona. Ke hoʻomau nei nā manu manu a me ka synanthropic (alanui) i loko o nā ʻohana nui, ʻoiai i ka wā kanu e laha loa ka ʻike ʻana i nā manu lele.
ʻO ka lele o nā manu, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻa ʻana o nā ʻēheu, aia i ka manawa like, me ka neʻe ʻana mai ka ʻāina ka leo nui, e hele pū ana me nā kani nui o ka ʻēheu. Ua ʻai ʻo ia ma ka lepo, ʻokoʻa ka noho ʻana i nā lāʻau.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano kaiāulu o nā manu pigeons ka hoihoi ʻana i kekahi o kā lākou mau ʻano i ka nohona maikaʻi. Kēia hiʻona i kā lākou ʻano e hōʻike pū ana iā ia iho ma ka pūnāwai a i ka wā o hope o ke ola. I ka pūnāwai, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa hoʻoulu, hoʻokau ʻia kahi kāne i kahi wahi kūpono me kāna huakaʻi hōʻike hoʻowalewale i nā wahine wale nō (e like me ka mea maʻamau i ʻōlelo ʻia), akā, he mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā manu no ka hana ʻana i kahi kokoke. Hoʻopili i nā manu e pili ana i nā manu, a no laila hana ʻia kahi kolana. ʻO ke kumu o nā hana hoʻonāukiuki ma waena o nā kāne i ke kolone o ka manawa pinepine ʻole ia i ka nele o nā wahi no ka hana ʻana, akā, ʻo kā lākou ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kānaka like ʻole o ka kūlana hierarchical, i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ke koloni. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea ʻike, me ka nui o ka nui a me ka hapa ʻole o nā wahi huna, ka poʻe manuahi e hoʻowalewale nei e hoʻowalewale i kēia ʻāina e kipaku ʻia me waho o ka kolone.
Ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, haʻalele nā manu i ko lākou mau wahi huna a hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻohana nui e kokoke ana i nā wahi hānai. Ke hoʻi nei kekahi mau kāne i kēia manawa no ka pō i ko lākou mau wahi huna, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā manu e hoʻolele ka pō ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi hānai. I ka manawa hana, hoʻokipa ka wahine i ka pō ma ka mōʻī, a me ke kāne - i kahi i neʻe ʻia ai kahi kokoke i ka pā. E hiamoe ana nā manu, ʻakaʻaka, hoʻopuni i kā lākou nuku i ka ʻōpala o kahi goiter.
ʻO ka lūlū ma ke kaʻe o nā kānaka ka mea i hoʻoulu ai i ka nui o ka nui ma ke ʻano synanthropic i ka manu ʻala polū.
ʻAno hānau
Hiki i nā wahine ʻōpio ke pahū i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki 5,5-6 mahina, nā kāne - 6,5-7 mahina. Hoʻonui ʻia nā lā hānau o nā pigeons piha i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai e hiki ai ke hōʻike i ka polycyclia, ka mea maʻamau o ka manu. Kuhi a me ka ʻano hana maʻamau o ke kāne i manaʻo ʻia ma mua o ia mea hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka makahiki āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka manawa pōkole - i ka lā Dekemapa a me Ianuali. ʻO ka hana o nā pigeons i ka hoʻoilo, maopopo, e hāʻawi i ka ʻaha kukui uila i ka pō. Ma nā wahi nīnaka o nā hale ma lalo o ke kukui kukui, hiki i nā kāne ke hele i kēia manawa a hiki i ke aumoe.
ʻOiai naʻe, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka polycyclic o ka hana, ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hana i ka lua manu nūnū i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻomaka ka hapanui o ka pigeons puaʻa ma ʻApelila ʻO ka hana ʻana o Pair ka mua i ka noho ʻana o ke kāne ma ke kahua aloha, kahi āna e pale ai mai ka lele ʻana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ke kāne ʻimi i ke ʻimi i ka wahine. I ka huli ʻana o kahi wahine ma ka'āina, lele nā kāne i kahi mamao o 6-8 km, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5-3 km. Ma ke wahi e pili ana i ka nahele, hoʻomalu nā kāne no ka wā lōʻihi a hana i nā mokulele o kēia manawa. No ka ʻike ʻana i kahi wahine e lele lele ana, lele koke ʻo ia me kona mau ʻēheu e hoʻokuʻi e loaʻa iā ia, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ana a, ke ākea nei kona huelo a lele nā ʻēheu ma luna o kona kua, hoʻohemo lohi nei me kahi hoʻolālā, e kono ana iā ia e iho pū me ia. I lalo o ka iho i lalo o ka pūnana, hele koke ʻo ia i ke alo o kona alo, e huli ana i ka ʻaoʻao i kekahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole kekahi. I kēia manawa, ua pālahalaha kona ʻele a kuhikuhi i lalo i ke kihi o 45 °, nui ka mea i ka goiter, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke poʻo. I ka manawa o ke kauāā ikaika loa, lawe ka wahine i kahi pose weliweli, a me nā manawaleʻa manu. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana i kahi mau minuke 5-7 hou, e hoʻomau ka male o ka male a "pulu". A laila ʻaihue nā manu i kekahi i kekahi, "honi" a aloha hou."Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo" Kisses "i nā lei manu hina e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka ʻōnaehana o ka hoa. He mea hoʻohālikelike nā pigeons a Blue, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ke kāne a wahine paha e hoʻopaʻa wale i ka manawa.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi paʻa o nā pigeons hoʻomaka e kūkulu i kahi pā. Aia ka wahine i loko o ka pūnana, a lawe mai ke kāne i nā mea hale, kahi āna e ʻohi ai i ka radius 300-500 m mai ka ʻanakala: nā lālā, nā lālā, nā lau maloʻo, nā aʻa a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, ʻōpala, kahi ʻōpala lāʻau, wīwī, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. hoʻohana pinepine nā hulu manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana i ka lā 9-14 lā.
Kūlike loa nā wahi papa. Ma nā kūlanakauhale, nā polu manuahi i honu ʻia ma nā eaves, nā balconies, ma lalo o nā pū o nā hale, i loko o nā hale barns a me nā attics, i nā belfries a me nā hale kiaʻi, i nā mea hoʻoweliweli, ma lalo o nā alahaka. I ka nele ʻana o nā lumi moe, kahi e kū ai nā manu manu manu i nā kaola, ua noho pinepine lākou i ka hāmū, e kau ana i ka pūnana ma waena o ka paia o ka hale a me ka paipa. Ma kahi mamao aku o nā hale kanaka, hana nā manu i nā kahe o nā pōhaku, ma nā puʻu pōhaku, ma nā kapa o nā kahawai a me nā poho wai, e kokoke pinepine ana i ka wai. Noho i loko o nā koloni nui (a ʻo 40-80 mau a ʻoi aku paha), hoʻonohonoho pinepine nā manu i nā nests ma kahi mamao o 0.5-1 m mai kēlā me kēia. Ma ka manawa like, hoʻomaha kekahi mau huikala a hoʻokaʻawale.
He maʻalahi ka nūnū, ʻākala, kūkulu i ka nānā ʻole. ʻO kona nui e hilinaʻi pinepine i ka wahi kikoʻī. Ka ʻona ākea (ma ka mm): waho o ka 200-350 ka umauma, loko o ka 140-200, ka hohonu o ka pā 20-40, e kūkulu ʻia ai ka mānoanoa 20-1. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine o ka pūnana manu manu e hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi mau makahiki i kahi lālani.
I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hanu, mau hoa manu pige he mau manawa 5-7 i ka lā, 1-2 mau lā ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua - 2-3 mau manawa, ma waena o ke kau ʻana i hua - 1-2 mau manawa. I kēia manawa, nānā pono ke kāne i ka wahine. Inā hele ʻia kahi kāne ʻē aʻe, e alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka wahine i kekahi wahi. E hahai ana ke kāne i ka wahine i ka wailele a hiki ke waiho ʻia nā lā he 2-3 a hiki i ka wā e waiho ʻia ana nā hua. Ma hope o ka kau ʻana i ka hua lua, lilo ke ʻano o ke kāne i mea maʻamau.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka nano i hoʻokau ʻia, maʻamau i ke ahiahi, ʻeono ka wahine i ka hua mua, ma hope o nā hola 46-48 - ka lua. Kuhi iki loa, mālama ʻia ka lua o ka hua ma hope o nā hola 24, 36 a i ʻole 72. ʻO nā paʻi piha o nā pigeons piha i mālama ʻia i ke kolu o nā makahiki o ʻApelila. Hoʻomaka nā manu ʻoi aku ka poʻe huaʻai i nā hua waena i ka waena o Malaki, a piha nā lāiki i nā lā hope loa o kēia mahina. I loko o ka puʻu, ʻelua mau hua keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me ka nui o ka 34.1-43.5 × 25.6-31.8, ka awelika o 38.8 × 28.7 mm, a me ka lehulehu o 16,5-17 g. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā hoʻolilo, ka helu ʻana mai ka manawa o ka waiho ʻana hua lua, 18-18.5 lā. ʻO nā manu manu hina e lana nei i nā paina o nā hale, aneane makaʻu ʻole i nā kānaka a ʻaʻole i pane aku i nā kipa ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kēia mau manu.
Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pipi i nā pālua ʻelua i nā lā mua o Mei; ʻo ka hatching Mass he ʻano no ka waena o ka mahina. Mai ka manawa o ka huki mua ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke moa mai ka pulupulu, aia ma kahi o 18-24 mau hola e hele ai. Lawe nā mākua i ka ʻū mai ka hano. Uhiu ʻia nā kuʻi e ka uhi me ka lōʻihi (a hiki i 8-10 mm) ka lauoho hulu o ka ʻulaʻula. Pau nā ʻōkuhi mua i nā ʻāpana ʻaoʻao. ʻO kekahi mau wahi o ke kino ʻaʻole i pubescent: chin, nā wahi ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, nā wahi waena ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke goiter, kokoke i nā maka a me nā pepeiao, ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me hope.
Loaʻa ka moa nāna i hana mua i ka meaʻai mai nā mākua ma hope o nā hola 4-6, ʻo ka ʻōpio hoʻi i kahi lā ma hope aku. ʻO ka pēpē nui a kēia manawa ua hoʻokō e ulu iki a ulu ikaika. No laila, aneane pinepine nā kuʻina o nā manu hina hina. Loaʻa nā mākua ʻelua i ka incubation masonry a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kua ma mua o ke kāne, e noho ana mai ka 10 a.m. a hiki i 4-17 p.m. I nā lā 14-16 o nā makahiki, ua hānai like nā mākua ʻelua. A laila hāʻawi ka wahine i ka pipi aʻe, a mai kēlā manawa nui, e hānai nui ke kāne i nā moa.
Aia a hiki i ka 5-7 lā, e hānai nā mākua i nā moa 3-4 mau lā i ka lā, ma ka ʻelemakule - 2 mau manawa, ka mea maʻamau i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. ʻO nā moa nui i ka manawa e hānai nui ai i ka squeak a lele i ko lākou mau ʻēheu. Hōʻailona ka manu hānai maʻamau i kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona mōʻīpilikia. E hoʻolohe ana i nā pepeiao o ka maʻa iki no kekahi mau manawa, a laila e hū ʻia, akā hoʻomaka ka ʻūlū. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka pēpē kahiko me nā ʻēheu a me ke kino nā pale mai ka ʻōpio makua hānai a no laila e loaʻa hou nā meaʻai. No kēia kumu, he manawa nui loa ka moa ʻōpio ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana a make paha paha.
I ka lā 8-10 o ka inkubation, hoʻomaka ka makua i ka uhi ʻana i nā paia o ka goiter. I ka manawa o nā pipi huki i ka goiter, hana ʻia kahi "waiu". A hiki i ka 6-8 lā mau makahiki, hānai nā manu i nā kao me kēia "waiu". Ma ka lā 7-8, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā gastrolites i nā ʻimi manu, ʻo ka nui o kēlā me kēia. Mai ka lā 10-12 he mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ka mea piʻoniʻu e hānai i nā moa me kahi kāmala palaoa piha loa. Mai kēia manawa, ʻo ke ʻano o nā meaʻai o nā moa a lilo i mau like me nā manu makua, me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka waiū goiter.
Loaʻa i ka waiū Pigeon ka melemele keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka waiū kekona iʻa a i ʻole ke kīwī. Aia i kēia mau mea: ka protein, lysine, methionine, ka wai, ka phosphorus, sodium, potassium, kalima, ka nui o ka nitrogen, selulose, a me nā huaora A, B, C, D a me E. Goiter i loaʻa ka wai (i ka%): wai. - 64-82, kaloloʻi - 10-19, momona a me nā mea momona e like me nā mea - 7-13, mau minela - 1,6.
Hoʻopiha piha loa nā keikikāne i nā kukuna polū i kā lākou ulu a ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ka 32-34 mau lā o nā makahiki. I nā kolu o ʻekolu o Iune, hoʻomaka ka hānai ʻana i ka lehulehu. Hoʻohana kekahi mau kāne i ʻekolu mau lālā i ka wā hānau.
Mea ʻai
ʻOliki nā ʻikepili i ka ʻai me nā pōpō polū uliuli. Ua ʻike wale ʻia hānai lākou i nā hua kanu a me nā mea kanu i kanu. ʻO ka pigeon uliuli nā synanthropic, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā manu ʻē aʻe, e hilinaʻi ana i ka mea e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ana i nā makahiki āpau o ka makahiki. Aia ma nā alanui a me nā pā, nā ʻāpana palaka i ʻokiʻoki i ke kīwī, nā ʻāpana o nā ʻiʻo i kā ʻia mai nā iwi, ʻoka ʻia ma waena o nā ʻōpala o nā lānohi. Hoʻohana lākou i ka meaʻai kūlohelohe wale nō i ka manawa hoʻoilo a i kekahi manawa, ʻo ka hapanui loa. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai, nā hua o ka līlū i ka cereal a me nā mea kanu manu, kaʻola, nā hua liʻiliʻi a me nā hua. I ke kauwela, hōʻeu nā manu i ka mauʻu ma luna o nā ʻulā a kāohi i ka hua puaʻa popala ma ka asphalt. ʻO nā pigeon e noho ana i nā wahi i kahakai, i ko lākou ola a me nā mea momona, ua like nō i ka ʻano like ʻole o ka puaʻa hina.
No ka mea hānai aku, e ʻai ana kahi manu hina mai 17 a 43 g nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka awelika, ʻai hoʻokahi manu mai 35 a 60 g o ka meaʻai meaʻai i ka lā. Nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻaluna o ke one, nā ʻāpana o nā moʻi mollusk, a ʻo ka honua i kēia manawa aia i ka goiter o nā pigeons hina. Hāʻawi ka pīpī o ka honua i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pigeons o ka flinal intestinal.
Kūkulu nā manu o nā ʻōlapa o nā kūlanakauhale a me ke kuaʻo i nā huakaʻi no ka mahiʻai a me nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, nā hale ʻai, hōʻiliʻili i nā hua i kālai ʻia i nā alanui a me nā alanui. ʻO nā huakaʻi Fodder o nā manu ma nā kahiki i kekahi manawa a hiki i 8-12 km a i ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike pinepine ʻia kā lākou mau huakaʻi i ka ʻāina ma luna o 1,5-3 a emi iki ka 4-5 km. Pili pinepine ka ʻōlelo manu ʻana i ka wahi e pili ana i nā wahi hānai, a ʻo kā lākou huakaʻi ma nā wahi e hānai ai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5-3 km. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōneʻe pinepine nā ʻohana o nā manu ikaika i waena o nā manu o ke kūlanakauhale, e lele mau ana mai ka wai mua a hiki i ka hau e hānai i nā mahina i ʻohi ʻia a kīnā ʻia me ka berena. Hiki i nā lele o nā puaʻa kōʻaiahi ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10-12, a ma nā hihia ʻē aʻe a hiki i 20-50 km.
Ke lele pono nei no ka hānai, hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻano kanaka. ʻO nā wahi mua o ka hānai e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā pua liʻiliʻi o ka mea ʻili o 8 a mau kanaka. I ka wā e hānai ai, ke kiaʻi nui nei kēlā mau manu i nā manu piula e lele ana e. I ka ʻike ʻana i nā manu e lele lele ana, hōʻike koke lākou iā lākou e pili ana i ko lākou wahi a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai nui. ʻO kāu mau tausani o nā puaʻa manu e ʻākoakoa i kēlā mau wahi i ke ao. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai ma luna o kēia māla, hele nā manu piu i nā wahi hānai ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano like, e hui pū me nā manu ʻē aʻe ma laila.
Ma nā kūlanakauhale o nā manu, ʻoi ka ʻai ʻana o ka lehulehu, no laila, i ka wā e hānai ai i nā wahi, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka nui o lākou, ka mea i hōʻilo i ke kūlana maʻemaʻe o nā alanui, nā wahi, nā pā hale a me nā ʻoka o nā hale. Ke hānai nei i ka'āina, e hoʻohua i nā ʻohana i hui pū ʻia me ka clintukh.
Hoʻololi
ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o kahi hāpau hina mai ʻApelila - Mei a Kepakemapa - Nowemapa. Hoʻomaka nā manu kahiko i ka hoʻoilo mai ka hapa mua o Mei a hiki i ka makahiki mua o Iune a hoʻopau i ka piʻu plumage i Kepakemapa - Nowemapa. Hoʻokahi kahi hapa waiwai o nā kānaka e hoʻoheheʻe i Malaki - ʻApelila a i ka hopena o Iune - mua o Iulai a hoʻopau i ka molting iā Nowemapa - Kekemapa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka molting o nā manu makua he 5.5-6 mau mahina. I nā manu ʻōpio mai nā puka mua, ua hoʻonui hou ka hulu i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. I ka wā o ka molting, lilo ka pigeons hina i mea hoʻoneʻe ʻia a me kā lākou hana i kēlā me kēia lā i hana i ka ulu ʻana i ka manawa hou o ka hānai a hoʻomaha. Hoʻonui lākou ma mua o ka hapalua o nā hola o ke ao e hoʻomaha a mālama i ka hulu ulu i ka wā molting intense (Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa). Mālama nā manu ʻōiwi maʻamau i nā huakaʻi kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi no ka hānai a me ka wai. ʻO nā pigeons kalepa nui, e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka meaʻai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e ʻoi aku ka manawa i kahi manawa i kahi manawa maʻalahi.
Ke kaupalena nei i nā ʻano a me ke kūlana
ʻO ka manu nunu uliuli, ma muli o kona hoʻomalaha ākea a me nā helu he nui ʻole ia i loko o ke ʻano o nā mea i pale ʻia ʻoi aku ka pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā ʻāpana polū i nā wahi kūlohelohe a me nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu i mau ʻōpū manuʻu mai nā ʻohana o ka hawk, falcon a me nā manu. ʻO ka manawa koʻikoʻi o ka honu manu, ʻo ka goshawk. Kū pinepine pinepine ka poʻe goshawk i ka pīpī hina hina i ka manawa e hānai ai i nā ʻōpū (Iune - Iulai). ʻO kekahi ʻohana o nā kuʻuna, nona nā ʻīlio ʻekolu a i ʻelua mau manu ʻōpio, e ʻai ana mai ka 1,5 a 3 mau pigeons i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAi kekahi kanaka goshawk i kahi manu nunu i hoʻokahi manawa no 2-3 mau lā i ke kauwela a he 1.5-2 mau lā i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka poʻe goshawk i ka hamous hina pua a me ka lau o ka manu i loko o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa i ka wā o kona neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoilo, ke lilo nā manu i mea nui ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hōʻea nā mau kauhulu ka hoʻoilo i nā kau wahi i ka hāʻule, kahi e luku ai i kekahi hapa o nā pige manga uliuli, ua pau kā lākou helu.
Hoʻokahi iki ka heihei puahi liʻiliʻi i ka hamo hina. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā lulu a me ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e neʻe nei i waena o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻāina kauhale, ʻimi pinepine nā ʻuā wahine i nā manu puaʻa hina.
I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa ka lapalapa nui (peregrine falcon, saker) i kekahi manawa a hoʻoulu i nā pigeons hina. Noho ka hale pā Peregrine i nā hale kiʻekiʻe i nā kūlanakauhale nui a i ka wā hana a lākou e ʻimi ai no nā manu. ʻO ka manawa kekahi, ʻo ka wahine o ka derbniks e hōʻeuʻeu i nā pigeons hina.
ʻO ka poino nui loa o ka manu ʻeleʻele i nā kūlanakauhale nui ma muli o nā ʻalā hina a me ka ʻeleʻele. Uwē ka huki i ka manawa hana hoʻomohala nui i ka nui o nā nīnū uliuli, e nānā pono ana i nā loina o nā hale, nā nīnoho i nā pā, nā balconies a me nā wahi kūpono ʻē aʻe kahi e waiho ai nā manu. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua mākaʻi nui ʻia kahi pūʻulu (3-5 manu) e ʻānai ana i nā pua hina a me nā ʻeleʻele ma nā manu manuahi "i ka ʻaihue". I ka wā o ia ʻimi manuʻala, lilo pinepine ka ʻai manu i nā moa wale nō, akā ʻo nā manu ʻōpio nō hoʻi.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau, nā loko manu a me nā ʻulena e hoʻopau i nā pemies a me nā ʻaleʻī, a me nā mea hemo hoʻi, aia ma ka ʻāina a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kūlanakauhale ua hoʻomaka pinepine e lele i loko o ka wahi e waiho ai nā puaʻa hina. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ma waena o nā pali a me nā pali, nā nika o ka ʻano nui o ka manu hihiu nui i pau ʻia e nā manu hihiu, nā puʻupuʻu hina a me ka pāle.
ʻO nā mea maikaʻiʻole no nā manu ʻōiwi a me ka manu maoli hina, ʻo ka nele o ka ʻai i kekahi mau makahiki me nā anuanu koʻikoʻi e hoʻomaopopo pono i nā mea mua. I kēlā mau makahiki, lele nā manu hihiu mai nā mauna a i nā awāwa, kokoke loa i kahi noho kanaka, kahi e hui pū ʻia ai me nā pigeons synanthropic, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoilo.
Me ka hoʻōho nui ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale nui a i nā kauhale, kahi i hana ʻole ai nā manu hoʻomalu i ka hana pale kino maʻamau, make pinepine nā manu i nā maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopōʻino kūlohelohe i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanuʻai hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā pōpoki. Hoʻokomo i ka palaoa i ʻohi a i ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu e like me ka gastrolites, ʻā pinepine nā manu i make a make.
I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā lūlū ʻia, nā manu pigeons, hōʻiliʻili i nā hua ʻai, hiki ke hana ʻino i ka mahiʻai. Eia naʻe, i loko o ke kauwela-kauwela ke ʻai lākou i nā pā me nā hua kanu a me nā hua a nā mea kanu ulu, no laila e hāʻawi pono ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mahina mai nā lau. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale nui, hiki i nā mea ulaula hina ke lawe i nā maʻi lēʻeha o nā holoholona home a me nā kānaka. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka hana o ka pigeon hina ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi o ka lāʻau noiʻi a me kona koʻikoʻi i ka hana o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka hua puaʻa homesticated.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona kula
ʻO kahi lua manu nui aia wale nō ka nui o ka lele. ʻO ka puka puka holoholona hihiu he kukui ʻulaʻula me ka ʻili metalic ma ka ʻāʻī a ʻelua mau ʻōuli pehu pōkole o nā ʻēheu. He ʻokoʻa ka laulā o ke ʻano o ka synanthropic ʻano. I loko o nā ʻohana o kēia mau manu, aia nā manu me nā hulu keʻokeʻo a me ke brown, a eia naʻe, he nui wale nō ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke kea me nā manu kalalā. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻōpala o nā manu ua like ia me ka waihoʻoluʻu me ke ʻano hihiu. ʻO ka pili i ka piula manuahi a me ka clintukh ka mea kokoke loa i ka pigeon hina i ke kala o ka plumage a me ka nui. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ʻana i nā palahalaha ma ka waiho ʻole ʻana o kahi kaila apical keʻokeʻo ma nā hulu hoʻokele, a ʻike nui ʻia i ka manu nunu i ka holo. Wahi a nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi kukupa hina i ka lele mai kahi pali.
I ke kūlana mālie, ʻaʻole i hiki i nā kihi o nā ʻēheu ʻehā o ka manu ʻōuli mau i nā kihi o nā hulu ʻili ma 15-20 mm. I ka manu manu nunu, ua like a kūlike a i ʻole paha he 5-7 mm (i kekahi manawa a hiki i 10-12) lō i ka wailua o nā kaʻe o ka hulu hulu.
He ʻokoʻa ka ka maka manu uliuli mai ka clintukh i nā ʻāpana nui, me ka pūhoke keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻūhā ʻōuli ʻeleʻele i nā ʻēheu. I ka lele, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana polū me ka māmā māmā o ka ʻēheu a me kahi lele lele hoʻi. Ke nānā nei i ke kua o kahi manu lele lele lele, ʻike ʻia i ka huʻu o ka puaʻa hina nui ka liʻiliʻi o nā kihi ma mua o ka clintukh.
ʻO ka ʻōpō uliuli uliuli nui ke mālama i ka nānā ʻana i ke ala o nā kānaka, lele lele i mua. A lawe ae nei, kani nui kona mau ʻēheu. ʻO ka pigeon uliuli nāwi ka mea e noho ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma ka nui o nā kaona. Ke hānai manu nei nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā synanthropic (alanui) i nā manu, a hiki i ka wā hānau e laha loa ke ʻike i nā manu kaawale.
I ka wā hana o ka moena, he mau manu nunu polū ke lele nei. ʻO ka manu, lele leo nui i kona mau eheu, lawe aku ia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe a laila e hoʻolālā me kona mau eheu e kaulua ma luna o kona kua. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hāpau hina, ʻo ia kona wā i ka manawa hoʻokaha wahine. I ka manawa like, hana ʻo ia i nā neʻe a puni ka wahine, ma ke ʻano pono i kekahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole. I kēlā manawa, ua hāmama ke kāʻei o kona ʻele a alakaʻi i lalo ma ke kihi o 45 °, nui loa ke alualu nei me ka mea i hāʻule, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kona poʻo. Kūleʻa kekahi coo like, akā, me ka huli ʻana i ka huli, ua ʻike ʻia i nā kāne o nā papa.
I kahi kukupa hina, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano ʻelima ʻeleu, i kekahi papa a i ʻole kekahi, e pili ana i ka wā me kēia wā a me ka hana ʻana: 1) draft coo, ka pūnō me nā kani kani nui "guuut. guuut ”, 2) kahi kono no ke kiʻī, kani like ʻole me ka papa hana, akā i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wahine i ka piliKuuhguuut ”, 3) ke mele, i haʻi ʻia i ka manawa ke pale ʻana o ke kāne i ka wahine, i ka manawa mua o nā leo kani leo" guurkuuu. guurkuuu ”, aka, mahope iho o ke hauoli nui o ke kane, ua hooikaikaia keia mau leo me ka mana nui a hoomaka ke oli e like me ke kani o na leo“ guuurrkruu .-. -ruuu "pe" grouuf. grouuf ”, 5) i ka manawa e hānai ai i nā moa, hoʻopuka kahi manu lele i kahi papahana coo" giuuguuut. giuuguuut. "
He kanaka noho ka hina ka hina hina. Hōʻalo i nā ululāʻau manuahi. I nā kūlana o ke kūlanakauhale, noho nui kekahi manu manu uliuli ma luna o nā lāʻau a mālama mau ʻia i nā māla nui a me nā māla nui. Ke hānai i nā wahi kūwale, hānai i nā hipa i hui pū ʻia me ka clintukh, a i East Siberia a me Central Asia me ka manu nunu ʻoki.
ʻĀnō a me nā ana
ʻO ka mea lele wīwī 10, helmsman 12, wing form: I-II-III-IV-V. Kahi (in mm): ka lōʻihi o nā kāne 335-375 (awelika 352.4), nā wahine 325-370 (awelika 342.5), ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu kāne 215–238 (ka rata 227.4), nā wahine 210–230 (average 219.5), wahine male 675-77 (average 685.1), wahine wahine 670-710 (awelika 681.4), beak lōʻihi kāne 18.0–22.3 (awelika 19.5) , nā wahine 17.0–21.5 (ka hapa 18,5), ka lōʻihi loa o nā kāne 28-32 (awelika 30.0), nā wahine 26–31 (awelika 27.6).
He nāwaliwali ka male ʻana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a me ke kukui'ōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻulaʻula a me ke kala ʻulaʻula i loko o nā wahine i nā paler a liʻiliʻi i ka ulu ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka goiter a me ke kua o ke kua.
ʻĀina kalepa
Wahi a nā hōʻike kahiko, he 15 mau subspecies o ka manu nunu ʻulaʻula ʻia i ke kino honua (Meklenburtsev, 1951), e like me ka ʻike hou, mai 10 (Stepanyan, 1975) a hiki i 14 (Howard and Moore, 1980).
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka loli ʻano. Hoʻohālike ʻia nā subspecies e ka ikaika o ka papalaki o ka plumage, ka laulā a me ke kala o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka kua o lalo, me ka ʻāpana. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe i ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā manu i nā ʻano biotopes a me nā kahua manuahi i loko o ka māhele.
I ʻEulopa ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia ʻĀkau, ʻelua mau ʻāina liʻiliʻi e noho ana.
1.Columba livia livia
Columba domestica livia Gmelin, 1789, Sy-st. Nat., 1. C. 769, Hema Europa Hema
ʻEleʻeleʻele loa ka laulā ākea, keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ke sacral, ʻo ka laulā o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka ʻāpana sacral he 40-60 mm.
2.Columba livia neglecta
ʻO Columba neglecta Hume, 1873, Henderson a me Hume, Lahore a me Yarkand, c. 272, Ladakh
ʻOi aku ka lihilihi o ka laulima laulā, ʻo ke ʻāpana o ka sacral maʻa o ke hina-hina, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke kua, ʻoi aku ka liʻuliʻu me he keʻokeʻo. I ka hopena hope loa, ʻo ka laulā o ke kaʻo keʻokeʻo he 20-40 mm.
Loaʻa kekahi i nā Columba livia nigricous, maʻamau ma ke ao ʻĀina a me Mongolia (Howard, Moore, 1980) a me ka hiʻohiʻona e ka pua ʻaluna o kahi plumage.
Kālā
Nā kikowaena waena. Piha loa ʻia ka hale. Ma ka'āina ʻEulopa, ka honu i nā kuahiwi o Crimea, aia paha i kekahi mau wahi akā ma nā kapa pali o ke Kai o Azov a me Sivash, ma ka North Caucasus a me nā Urals Hema. Wahi a A. I. Ivanov, ʻo ka ʻike mua e pili ana i ka nuku ma lalo o ka Don, ma Volga, Oka, Sura, Sviyaga he ʻoiaʻiʻo paha. I ka hikina aku ka nalo ma Mugodzhary, Mangyshlak, ma kahi o Karkaraly, Chingiztau a me Kalbinshash Altai. Ma ka hikina a me ka hema o Kazakhstan, he maʻamau maʻamau i nā manawa kūpono ma nā pāpū a i nā mauna haʻahaʻa. Ma loko o ʻAsia Central, ua hoʻolalaha ʻia ʻia mai Western Turkmenistan a hiki i nā palena o ka Pamir ma nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2500–2700 m ma luna o ke kai. kai. ʻO nā pua ma Transcaucasia. Loaʻa nā kolana liʻiliʻi i nā koina kiʻekiʻe o ka Yenisei. Ma ka mokuʻāina synanthropic, ua pālahalaha ʻia mai ka palena komohana i ke kahakai hikina o Lake Baikal a me Southern Primorye a i Murmansk a me Salekhard ma ka ʻākau.
Kiʻi 19. ʻO ka awelika o ka pulupulu hina ma ʻEulopa Hikina a me ʻAsia ʻĀkau
a - wahi e noho ai
Ma waho aʻe o ʻEulopa Hema a me ʻAsia ʻAkia: ʻAulopa ʻEulopa, ʻApelika, Hema a me Central Asia. Noho ʻo ia i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo i nā wander ma nā mauna (Ivanov, 1976).
Kiʻi 20. ʻO ka māhele o ka manu nunu hina
a - palena o ka laahi o ka puaa, b - maopopo ole i ka palena o ka lahui. Nā kikowaena: 1 - Columba livia livia, 2 - C. l. atlantis, 3 - C. l. canadensis, 4 - C. l. gaddi, 5 - C. l. palaestinae, 6 - C. l. schimperi, 7 - C. l. tagria, 8 - C. l. dakhiae, 9 - C. l. mīhiʻu, 10 - C. l. gymnocyclus, 11 - C. l. Iidyior, 12 - C. l. peglecta, 13 - C. l. intermedia, 14 - C. 1. nigricans
Helu
ʻAʻole nui ka palu puaʻa ʻōwili a ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i nā ʻala nui. ʻO nā moʻokāki ma nā pālua hoʻokahi, hana i kekahi manawa i nā kolana liʻiliʻi e helu ana i nā pakanikū 2-3. ʻO ke kiʻi like ʻia ma nā wahi āpau i ke komohana o nā wahi mauna. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o kēia awāwa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manu hihiu a he mea maʻamau hoʻi i Tarbagatai.
I ka 5-7 mau makahiki i hala iho nei, aia ka hāʻule ʻana o ka nui o ka nui o nā manu hihiu ma nā kahakai o ka ʻāina ʻo Crubaria ma muli o ka hopohopo koʻikoʻi o nā hoʻomaha. ʻO ke kumu hopohopo e alakaʻi ana i ka hemo ʻana o nā kolone pōkā nui a i ka neʻe ʻana e hana i nā pā liʻiliʻi i nā poʻe liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā pālua. ʻO nā puʻupuʻu nui loa a hiki i ka makahiki 1970-1973. kāhea ʻia i nā makana he 250-300.
Pono nā kolu o ka puaʻa hina i Crimea e pale aku e like me ka nui o nā kolone o nā kānaka ʻōiwi maoli o kēia ʻano i ka māhele ʻEulopa (Kosgin, 1983).
ʻO ke ʻano o ka manuʻenehana ka nui synanthropic i ka hapanui o nā kūloko o Volga-Kama Territory. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka manu i nā kūlanakauhale nui e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi me nā wahi ʻai. ʻO nā kahiki o 500 a 800 paha nā mea maʻamau i maʻamau ma aneʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia ka Pigeons ma aneʻi i ko lākou palena waiwai (Gorshkov, 1977).
Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Leningrad, he manu nui ka ʻūpī hina. I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, he mau holoholona keu 500 a 1,000 paha ma ka kaona. Loaʻa ʻia nā manu hoʻokahi a me kā lākou mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi he 10-15 km mai ke kai ʻai kokoke, a hiki i ka nahele. (Noskov et al., 1981).
Ma Central Asia, e like me R.N. Meklenburtsev (1951), ua emi ka nui o ka manu nunu naʻu e nā makahiki 50 a loaʻa mau ke ʻano o nā ʻohana he mau haneli a he mau tausani wale nō nā manu ka nui ma nā wahi mamao. ʻAʻohe mea ʻikepili i kēia manawa ma ka nui o ka manuahi ʻāpana.
Ka mea, ke kukupa hina hina kanaka, e noho nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole i hana i nā ʻohana nui, a me nā ʻike e pili ana i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā manu a i kahi 50 tausani a ʻoi aku nō hoʻi (Zarudny, 1888) i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ulana me ke ʻano synanthropic o ka manu ʻala manuahi. kāwili lima i ka mua a me ka lua.
Ma muli o ka nele o nā meaʻai a me ka hānai i loko o ka'āina i nā makahiki postwar, ua emi nui ka nui o ka pigeon uliuli nā synanthropic e nā makahiki 50. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 70, ua loaʻa hou kāna mau helu, a ma nā kūlanakauhale nui ua pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia.
Hoʻopaʻa o ka lā, hana
Ke alakaʻi nei ka puaʻa hina i kahi nohona maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka manawa o kāna hana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka lōʻihi o ke ao. I nā kūlana o ke kūlanakauhale, hoʻoikaika ikaika kekahi mau pīpī i ke ahiahi ma muli o ke kukui ʻana i nā alanui, nā kikowaena, nā paewa o nā hale, nā hale ʻaina o nā hale pule, a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia i nā wahi poloka ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale, ka mea ʻeleʻele pinepine i nā pōpoki manu. Noho ʻana i ka hoʻoilo i nā hale nui, i kukui maikaʻi (nā hale kūʻai, nā hale kūʻai, nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā nā pigeons hina i ka wā hana ʻole no ka hilahila e hōʻemi ʻia i nā manawa koho o ka hānai a me ka hoʻomaha. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, ke hele nei lākou ma ka hānai a me ka lā hoʻomaha ma ka awelika 31% o ka manawa, ma ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha pō - 35%, a ma kahi o 3% o ka manawa i hala i ka lele i nā wahi pō.
I ka manawa hana o ka nohona, hoʻopau ka manu i ka 34% o ka manawa i ka hoʻomaha o ke ao, ʻo 30% no ka hānai a me ka waiwī (me nā kahu hānai a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pōpoki), 10% ma ka hoʻomohala a me ka mālama o ka wahi hana, a ʻo 26% i ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha pō.
I ka wā o ka molting, lilo ka pigeons hina i mea hoʻoneʻe ʻia a me kā lākou hana i kēlā me kēia lā i hana i ka ulu ʻana i ka manawa hou o ka hānai a hoʻomaha. Hoʻonui lākou ma mua o ka hapalua o nā hola o ke ao e hoʻomaha ana a mālama i ka hulu ulu i ka wā molting (September - ʻOkakopa). Mālama nā manu ʻōiwi maʻamau i nā huakaʻi kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi no ka hānai a me ka wai. ʻO nā pigeons kalepa nui, e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka meaʻai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e ʻoi aku ka manawa i kahi manawa i kahi manawa maʻalahi.
Ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, haʻalele nā manu i ko lākou mau wahi huna a hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻohana nui e kokoke ana i nā wahi hānai. Ke hoʻi nei kekahi mau kāne i kēia manawa no ka pō i ko lākou mau wahi huna, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā manu e hoʻolele ka pō ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi hānai. I ka manawa hana, hoʻokipa ka wahine i ka pō ma ka mōʻī, a me ke kāne - i kahi i neʻe ʻia ai kahi kokoke i ka pā. E hiamoe ana nā manu, ʻakaʻaka, hoʻopuni i kā lākou nuku i ka ʻōpala o kahi goiter.
ʻO nā ʻenemi, nā mea pōʻino
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā ʻāpana polū i nā wahi kūlohelohe a me nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu i mau ʻōpū manuʻu mai nā ʻohana o ka hawk, falcon a me nā manu. ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa no ka manu manu, ʻo ia ka goshawk, a i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua loiloi i nā manu manu ʻulaʻula a me ka domesticated i nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina. Kū pinepine pinepine ka poʻe goshawk i ka pīpī hina hina i ka manawa e hānai ai i nā ʻōpū (Iune - Iulai). ʻO kekahi ʻohana o nā kuʻuna, nona nā ʻīlio ʻekolu a i ʻelua mau manu ʻōpio, e ʻai ana mai ka 1,5 a 3 mau pigeons i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAi kekahi kanaka hoshawk i kahi manu ʻōpala ma ka awelika no 2-3 mau lā i ke kauwela a 1.5-2 mau lā i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka poʻe goshawk i ka hamous hina pua a me ka lau o ka manu i loko o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa i ka wā o kona neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoilo, ke lilo nā manu i mea nui ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hōʻea nā mau kauhulu ka hoʻoilo i nā kau wahi i ka hāʻule, kahi e luku ai i kekahi hapa o nā pige manga uliuli, ua pau kā lākou helu.
Hoʻokahi iki ka heihei puahi liʻiliʻi i ka hamo hina. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā lulu a me ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e neʻe nei i waena o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻāina kauhale, ʻimi pinepine nā ʻuā wahine i nā manu puaʻa hina.
I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa ka lapalapa nui (peregrine falcon, saker) i kekahi manawa a hoʻoulu i nā pigeons hina. Noho ka hale pā Peregrine i nā hale kiʻekiʻe i nā kūlanakauhale nui a i ka wā hana a lākou e ʻimi ai no nā manu. ʻO ka manawa kekahi, ʻo ka wahine o ka derbniks e hōʻeuʻeu i nā pigeons hina.
ʻO ka poino nui loa o ka manu ʻeleʻele i nā kūlanakauhale nui ma muli o nā ʻalā hina a me ka ʻeleʻele. Ma nā kūlanakauhale nui o ʻEulopa, a me Moscow a me St. Petersburg, ʻo ka mea pīkeʻe i ka wā hana ʻana i nā pōpoki he nui ka hoka o nā pigeons uliuli, e nānā pono ana i nā lula o nā hale, nā nīnū i nā pā, nā balconies a me nā wahi kūpono i kahi e pili ai nā manu. Ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Siberia, hoʻopilikia ʻia nā ʻolīleʻele i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā hōʻino wale ʻia i nā ʻuala hina. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua mākaʻi nui ʻia kahi pūʻulu (3-5 manu) e ʻānai ana i nā pua hina a me nā ʻeleʻele ma nā manu manuahi "i ka ʻaihue". I ka wā o ia ʻimi manuʻala, lilo pinepine ka ʻai manu i nā moa wale nō, akā ʻo nā manu ʻōpio nō hoʻi.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau, nā loko pipi a me nā pua a me nā ʻulana e hoʻopau i nā pōloli a me nā ʻaleʻī, a me nā mea heihei, aia i nā kaiāulu a ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kūlanakauhale ua hoʻomaka pinepine e lele i loko o ka pā kahi e waiho ai nā puaʻa hina a me nā mea hihi manu āpau (moa, nāhelehe, duck, a me nā mea). Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ma waena o nā pali a me nā pali, nā nū o ka ʻano nui o nā manu hihiu i pau ʻia e nā ʻūlā, nā ʻōpala hina hina a me nā pōleʻa
ʻO nā mea maikaʻiʻole no nā manu ʻōiwi a me ka manu maoli hina, ʻo ka nele o ka ʻai i kekahi mau makahiki me nā anuanu koʻikoʻi e hoʻomaopopo pono i nā mea mua. I kēlā mau makahiki, lele nā manu hihiu mai nā mauna a i nā awāwa, kokoke loa i kahi noho kanaka, kahi e hui pū ʻia ai me nā pigeons synanthropic, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoilo.
Me ka hoʻōho nui ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale nui a i nā kauhale, kahi i hana ʻole ai nā manu hoʻomalu i ka hana pale kino maʻamau, make pinepine nā manu i nā maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopōʻino kūlohelohe i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanuʻai hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā pōpoki. Hoʻokomo i ka palaoa i ʻohi a i ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu e like me ka gastrolites, ʻā pinepine nā manu i make a make.
ʻO ka waiwai waiwai, pale
ʻO ka manu nunu uliuli, ma muli o kona hoʻomalaha ākea a me nā helu he nui ʻole ia i loko o ke ʻano o nā mea i pale ʻia ʻoi aku ka pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, he mea ia o ka hopu holoholona, ʻoiai ua ʻuʻilo ʻia ʻoi loa a hiki i kēia manawa ke manaʻo ʻia he manu kuʻuna manuahi.
I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā lūlū ʻia, nā manu pigeons, hōʻiliʻili i nā hua ʻai, hiki ke hana ʻino i ka mahiʻai. Eia naʻe, i loko o ke kauwela-kauwela ke ʻai lākou i nā pā me nā hua kanu a me nā hua a nā mea kanu ulu, no laila e hāʻawi pono ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mahina mai nā lau. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale nui, hiki i nā mea ulaula hina ke lawe i nā maʻi lēʻeha o nā holoholona home a me nā kānaka. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka hana o ka pigeon hina ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi o ka lāʻau noiʻi a me kona koʻikoʻi i ka hana o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka hua puaʻa homesticated.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hānai
ʻAi ka manu i nā hua ʻai, nā hua kanu. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka mea hoʻohana a hoʻohana i ka hiʻona ʻai a me nā mea kanu kaulana. ʻAʻole koi i ka koho o ka hānai. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e ʻai i ka mea maʻalahi ka loaʻa. Kuhi kai ka mea e noho ai kahi o nā sisar. ʻO ke kaʻina inu ʻokoʻa ka meaʻokoʻa i nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hōʻalo nā poʻe āpau i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka hau ʻū, akā hoʻokomo ʻo Cesar i loko.
No ka manawa lōʻihi, lele nā manu ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Inā mālama kekahi kanaka iā lākou, a laila wikiwiki lākou. Ka hui mau i nā wahi hānai. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kahi manu i ke ola ma ka home he maʻalahi.
He manaʻo no laila ua lilo ka hina hina i ke kūpuna o nā mea ola hope aʻe, i hoʻomāiʻi ʻia e ke kaʻe. Ma hope o ka hamo ʻana, hanai ʻia nā manu a lilo i ʻiʻo. A laila ua ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau kūʻokoʻa no ka orientation i ka lewa, a hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he kiʻi paʻi.
Ua alakaʻi i ka hua manu ʻana i ka hana o nā manu ma nā ʻōkuhi like ʻole.
- nā puaʻa laka
- nā pigeons no ka ʻai
- hui
- lele.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe i ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o ka manu ma kahi a ka lawaiʻa a hoʻokuʻu ʻo Noa i kahi manu nunu e loaʻa ai ka Honua. Ma hope o kēlā, ua lilo ka manu i hōʻailona no ka maluhia. I nā makahiki āpau, ʻo nā kukuna kekahi mea i maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka lōʻihi o kēia kanaka ma ka honua. I mea e kūleʻa ai nā manu pige, pono ia e kūkulu i kahi hale pigeon a hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi papa helu kaulike.
ʻOiai no ka mea hoʻopili a nā manu ke ʻai i nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ke hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi mea. No ke olakino olakino a ke olakino maikaʻi, pono e hāʻawi i ka manu i nā huaora a me nā minela. Hiki i ke pale i ka pale ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā maʻi like ʻole o kēia kanaka.
Nui nā maʻi e hiki i nā manu hoʻomalu, a he nui nā mea o lākou e pilikia i nā kānaka. He mea weliweli kekahi poʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mākaukau e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoikaika i ka kaomi o ka pigeons. He mea nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i ka hale pigeon a me ka pono. No laila, e pale ʻoe i nā manu mai nā maʻi maʻi. Pono ka lumi i ka mahana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, kūpono no ka hoʻomohala maʻamau o nā ʻāpana manu.
He mea nui nō hoʻi ka loaʻa o nā pigeons i ke alanui. He mea nui no lākou ke lele kūʻokoʻa a lele hoʻi. ʻAʻole manu nā manu manu ʻae polū me ka manu ʻae. Ua lawa nā kūlana maʻalahi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana nui o ka manu nunu hina
Ke ʻimi nei nā manu manu nūnū mau nei i ke kāne i ke ola. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema e hoʻomau mau ana, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau - aia i ka manawa mahana wale nō. ʻO ka wā hoʻomaha o kahi manu i ka wā hoʻokipa, i ka wā e uku ai ke kāne i ka nui o ka manawa a me ka nānā aku i kāna lālani liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomau mau ʻo ia me ka wahine, ke hoʻolalelau i kona ʻāʻī, hohola i kona mau ʻēheu, kani nā leo ʻē. Kū pinepine ʻo ia i nā wāwae ʻelua i ka ʻāina a hāliʻi i ka hulu ma ka ʻili.
Ke holo nei kona mau ʻekuhi a pau me ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Ke hoʻokō ʻia o ke kaʻina hana, a hāʻule ka wahine i lalo o ke kahaka o ke kāne, hoʻomaʻemaʻe lāua i kēlā me kēia hulu o ka hulu a hoʻopaʻa i ka lōʻihi. Pau ka hana ʻana i ka māla, ua kū ka kāne i ka lani, ke lele kahe o kona mau ʻēheu.
I loko o ka hihiu, hana lākou i nā ʻuʻuku i nā wahi i hiki ʻole i ka mea kime.Ma kahi kūlanakauhale, loaʻa nā nests ma nā puka o nā hale, i nā lotoa, ma lalo o nā hale o nā hale. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pūnana mai nā lālā a me ka mauʻu. Huli ke kāne i nā lālā a me nā ʻalaʻu o ka mauʻu, a hana ka wahine i ka pūnana mai iā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ke kīʻaha i kekahi mau manawa. Hāpai ka wahine i kā lākou hua manu ma 8 mau manawa. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Hatching i ka manawa, akā ʻo ka manu ʻūlū ka manawa hou aku.
Hoʻololi pinepine ka manu nunu i kāna hoahele, e hāʻawi ana i ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai a loaʻa kahi mea ʻai. Inā nalowale ka wahine i kahi ma kahi lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hoʻomaka ka manu nunu e kāhea iā ia, hana ana i nā leo. Ma hope o 12 lā, ʻike ʻia nā moa. I nā lā mua, ua huli nā mākua ʻōpio e hānai iā lākou me ka waiū goiter. Aia kēia waiū i nā mea e pono ai a me nā huaora e pono ai ke kūkulu mua. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻimi nā mākua i nā hua a hāʻawi iā lākou me ka waiū.
Inā hūnā ka manu manu i kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, a laila e hānai ke kāne i ka hua ma mua. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, e hoʻomaka ka lele a nā moa. Hōʻike ka mākaukau no ka hana hou i nā kāne i nā makahiki 5 o nā makahiki, i nā wahine ʻoi wikiwiki ka wikiwiki.