Hoʻopau loa ʻia ke kino ʻōpiopio o kēia mau holoholona i ka lawaiʻa wikiwiki. ʻO ka hapa nui he mau wāwae pōkole i paʻa me nā membranes. ʻO ka huelo, kūleo i ka kumu a me nā pihi i ka hope, ua uhi ʻia me ka lauoho, i kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻOluulu ʻia ke poʻo o nā otters, nui ka ʻōwili i ulu ma luna o ka ihu a me nā ʻolima. He liʻiliʻi a pepeiao paha nā pepeiao, kokoke i ka wa e neʻe ʻana. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻano. Pono undercoat (e pili ana iā 70 tausani mau lauoho ma ka 1 cm2) a me nā lauoho loloa i waho e paʻa ana i ka ea e pale ai i nā holoholona mai ka hypothermia i ka wai.
E ʻike i kahi o nā manaʻo.
Kahawai (maʻamau) Otter
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau a kaulana loa. Eia kekahi, ma mua o kona luku ʻia ʻana i ka kenekulia 19, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana o ka muliwai otter a keu aku mai Irani a Iapana a mai Siberia a hiki i Sri Lanka. I kēia lā ua loaʻa i ka hapa nui o Eurasia hema o ka tundra, a ma ʻAmelika Hui pū.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia ʻano he 57-70 cm, koʻikoʻi ke kaumaha ma mua o 10 kg. He ʻulaʻula ka huluhulu, kani mai ka brown a i kaʻaila ʻalani. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia nā membrane, ikaika nā kui. ʻO ka huelo he 35-40 cm lōʻihi, cylindrical, mānoanoa i ke kumu.
ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana wai ma ka Novosibirsk Zoo.
Lutra lutra
Sumatran Otter
Noho ʻo ia ma nā kahe a me nā kaona o ʻAsia Hema.
Lutra sumatrana
ʻEleʻele ka lihi o ka hulu, he keʻokeʻo ka lalo, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōiwi. Hoʻomaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā membrane i ka paila, ikaika nā kui. ʻO ka ihu o ka Sumatran otter, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e uhi ʻia me ka lauoho.
ʻĀpana ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma India, Sri Lanka, southern China, Indochina, Indonesia. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ma nā muliwai wale nō, akā, i loko o nā pāla wai.
ʻO Aonyx cinerea
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi loa, ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ka awelika 45 cm. He māmā ka kua a ka ʻulaʻeleʻele, ʻike iki ka lihi. ʻAkole ka wāwae o nā wāwae, ma luna o nā wāwae hema i nā hope hope o nā manamana lima, he rudimentary nā ʻāpana.
Giant otter
Noho ia ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Nā brasiliensis Pteronura
Hiki i ka nui o ke kino o kēia ʻano ke hiki aku i ka cm 123, ke kaumaha - 35 kg. Heʻeleʻele nui ka hulu ma luna, maʻa mau nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻāʻī, ke ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, nā lehelehe a me nā ʻāpana. Hoʻokomo nui nā paws a mānoanoa, membranes a me nā claws ua kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia. ʻO ka huelo, hiki i kona lōʻihi ke hiki i 65 cm, aia i waenakonu e like me ka hiki.
ʻO kēia paha nā ʻano luhi loa. Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa pono ʻole i mālama ʻia no ka hulu manu nui, ua nalowale ka ʻū nui i luna o ka hapa nui. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa iā ia ka luku ʻia o kāna wahi noho.
Keʻa ʻĀkau
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻĀkau moana ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Aleutian, ke kapakai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika mai Alaska a Kaleponi. Hiki i ka loa o ke kino ke hiki i 130 cm, a ʻo kona lehulehu me ka nui o ka otter nunui. Hoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā subfamily ma ke kino ʻulike loa a me ka huelo pōkole. E heluhelu hou e pili ana i nā ʻĀpana moana aneʻi.
ʻO Enhydra lutris
ʻ otlelo otter
Noho 'ia ma ka wai kahakai o ke kahakai o ke kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema mai Peru a hiki i Cape Horn.
Lontra felina
Ma waena o nā ʻōleo ʻē aʻe, kū ʻo ia me nā hulu ʻili. E like me ke kai moana, noho wale ʻo ia i ka wai kai.
Congolese Mana Hope
Noho noho ana ʻo ke kahe o ka muliwai Kongo (ʻApelika).
Aicile congicus
ʻO ka hulu ma luna o kaʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo nā pāpālā a me ke kua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā membrane, ʻo nā manamana lima ikaika e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea me ka dexterity kupaianaha.
He aha nā mea a ka otter e ʻai ai?
ʻO ka ʻaka he mea kai hoʻoilo a hānai mau i ka iʻa. ʻO nā mea i lawe ʻia me ke ʻano haʻalulu haʻahaʻa e like me ka eel. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻo ia i nā baki, nā iʻa, nā ʻiʻo wai, hiki i ka holoholona ke hopu i ka iʻa a i ka kuʻikahi paha.
ʻO nā Otters ka hoʻonāukiuki. Hāʻawi kahi kino i ka wai i ka wela me ka wikiwiki. I ka lā pono e ʻai lākou i ka nui o ka iʻa, a hiki i ka 15% o ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī. No laila, haʻahaʻa lākou i ka ho'ēmi manawa - mai 3 a 5 mau hola i ka lā.
Holo pinepine ʻo Otters i ʻole. Hoʻokahi wale nō mau ʻano (nunui, hoʻonaninani, Kanada a ʻulaʻula) ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hui o ka hopu.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka otter, ma hope o kahi holomua kūleʻa, e puka mai loko o ka wai e ai.
Ke ola ʻana o Otter
ʻO Otters wale nō ka marten i loaʻa i ke ola amphibian. Pali lākou me ka ʻaina kahaha. ʻAi maikaʻi lākou i ka wai, akā maikaʻi nō lākou i ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi ʻāpana otter, no ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke hele ma loko o ka hoʻoilo no nā hola he mau.
ʻO ka hapa pinepine, noho nā otters i nā lua, a i ka manawa like ʻo lākou e hoʻopiha ai i ka noho ʻana a no ka wehe ʻana o ka puka ma lalo o ka wai. Hana lākou i kekahi mea e like me ka lua ma nā moena Reed.
Inā lawa ka nui o ka meaʻai ma ka pūnaewele kahi e noho ai ka otter, hiki iā ia ke noho no nā makahiki he nui. Eia naʻe, inā e hōʻemi ʻia nā mea kūʻai, neʻe ka holoholona i nā wahi "berena". ʻO ka hoʻohui i nā lua nui i ka wahi o ka holoholona mālama pono, he mau ala hou e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hūnā i nā ʻenemi he nui - nā alopeke, kolo, nā wīlio, nā ʻīlio, nā lynx, a, etc.
E ikaika nui ka ʻūpī ma ka wanaahi a me ka pō, akā ʻo ka lā hoʻi, inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia kekahi iā lākou, hiki iā lākou ke hele hune.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻoni like ʻole e nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nohona. No laila, inā hiki i nā ʻōpū o ke kai ke hana i nā pūʻulu o nā ʻano like, a me nā kāne o ʻĀpana Kanada i hana i nā pūʻulu bachelor o 10-12 mau kānaka, a laila makemake ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kahawai i alakaʻi i kahi nohona kū hoʻokahi. Noho nā wahine me nā ʻōpio i kahi āpau i maʻamau me nā wahine ʻē aʻe, akā mālama kēlā i kāna kīhaha liʻiliʻi ponoʻī. ʻO nā papa o nā kāne he nui a pālahalaha ʻia me nā pakanā o nā wahine. Hoʻokahi wale nā wahine a me nā kāne no ka wā pōkole loa i ka wā hoʻoulu. ʻAʻole komo nā Malik i ka hana hānai keiki a hoʻopau i nā manawa āpau i nā muliwai nui a ma nā wahi ākea o ke kai kahakai. Makemake nā wahine i nā kaila liʻiliʻi a me nā pā puʻu.
ʻO nā wahine o ka otter maʻamau e mālama nui nei. Noho mau keiki a me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka makahiki 1 o ka makahiki. I kēia manawa, aʻo iā lākou i ka iʻa. He lawaiʻa maoli ka lawaiʻa, a i ka hemolele, haku ʻōpio ʻōpio wale nō i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa.
He kamaʻilio koʻikoʻi ʻo Otters. I nā otters maʻamau, ʻo nā kīʻaha leo maʻamau e hele ana nā koholā ma waena o nā makuahine a me nā cubs. I ka wā hakakā, hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻai me nā pōpoki, a ʻo nā mea e hoʻowalewale i ka maʻamau pu. I ka wā o nā pāʻani, ua pālahalaha kā lākou hoʻopuka.
Conservation i loko o ke ʻano
He nani a kūlou ka huluhulu otter, ʻo ia ke kumu i make ai kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi a pau. Ua luku ʻia hoʻi lākou i mea e pale ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā moku iʻa. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā otter maʻamau i nā ʻāina he nui kahi e pālahalaha ʻia (no ka laʻana, a ma ka Netherlands, Belgium a me Switzerland). A i kēia lā, i kahi āpau o nā otters i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka Puke Hoʻo Ao Hou, e hoʻomau ka nui o kā lākou helu ma muli o ka pehu o nā kino wai.
Kāleka
ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka muliwai, ka mea maʻamau o nā kamaʻāina o Lūkini, i kahi kino elongated a paʻakikī loa, hiki iā ia ke lilo i lawaiʻa maikaʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka otters ma waena o 55-95 cm me ka huʻu. He lōʻihi loa ka huelo ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ma ka awelika mai 25 a 55 cm. He koʻiki koʻikoʻi nā otters, a aia nā membranes puʻe liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā manamana lima.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻili o ka ʻaka he inconspicuous, ʻulaʻula. A ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa o ke kino a me ka ʻaoʻao, e ʻoluʻolu loa, a ʻoluʻolu i kahi pale keʻokeʻo a i ʻole hoʻi. ʻO kēia mau holoholona muliwai he undercoat loa a maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka wai i ka komo ʻana i ka ʻili i ka wā o ka ʻauʻau ʻana. Pēlā, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka otter mai ka hypothermia.
ʻAʻole wale ka membranes i nā wāwae, akā kahi puʻupuʻu lōʻihi lōʻihi, hoʻopili i ke ʻano kino a me nā kīpē i nā pepeiao a me ka ihu, e pale aku ai iā lākou mai ka wai, e kōkua i ka holo ʻana i ka ʻāpana kahawai.
Hoʻaiho
Noho ka ʻawaʻō ma ka wahi o ke anuanu, ma kahi o nā kahawai i nā holoholona like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ka iʻa. Makemake ʻo ia i nā kahe wai, kahi mamao loa mai nā home mau loa o ka poʻe. E ʻimi ʻokoʻa kēia mau manu kino i wahi i nā wahi me nā puʻupuʻu a me nā puʻukū no ke ola, ʻo ka wai ʻole ka wai i loko o lākou i ka hoʻoilo. He kūpono ʻole no kēia mea ʻaʻole i noho nā ʻōpala i loko o nā loko liʻiliʻi a me nā loko, e maʻalahi ke unuhi ʻia i loko o ka hau e ka pūna hau.
Noho ka ʻāpana otters ma nā kapa o kēlā mau muliwai kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hūnā maʻalahi mai ka nānā ʻana i nā maka. Loaʻa kā lākou mau lua i ke ala e hiki ai lākou ke hiki wale ma lalo o ka wai. Akā i kekahi manawa noho ka otters i nā kahe wai kūlohelohe no ka hale.
Nā ʻano kikoʻī ma ke ʻano
Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka otter maʻamau i ka papa inoa o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature he "ʻano hānai".
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahakai, ka hanaʻino, ka wai kahawai me ka wai, ka lawaiʻa ikaika - hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia mau āpau i ko lākou wahi mua a me nā lako meaʻai. No ka wā lōʻihi, ua luku ʻole ʻia nā ʻōpala e wili no ka momona o kā lākou wai. ʻO ke kumu, ua emi nui ka nui o nā otters e noho ana i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides i nā hana mahiʻai e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi hoʻi i kā lākou helu.
Ke noho maʻamau
U alakaʻi ʻo Otters i kahi ola amphibious, ʻo ia hoʻi, makemake lākou e hoʻolilo i kekahi manawa i ka wai. Eia naʻe, makemake lākou e hele e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 100 mau mika mai nā kahe wai, no ka mea, he palupalu nā otters i kahi mamao loa mai ka wai. Noho pinepine nā ʻākoʻa awa i nā makahiki i kahi like. Akā wale kēia inā he nui nā meaʻai ma kēia wahi. Me kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui loa i ka nui o ka meaʻai, hoʻomaka ka otter e ʻimi no kahi noho.
E akahele nui loa nā Otters. I ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻuā nui, loaʻa pū kekahi mau mea hou e hiki iā ʻoe ke hūnā koke aku i nā poʻe nāhelehele nui - nā ʻūlio, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻūlio, nā bears a me nā alopeke. ʻO kēia mau holoholona luhi e makemake e ʻimi a waki a i ka pō, akā inā pono, inā ʻaʻole e mākaʻikaʻi iā lākou, hele pū a lele a i ke ahiahi. Ke alakaʻi nei nā kahawai wai i kahi nohona nui a ola i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a hiki i 10 mau makahiki a keu paha.
Nānā a me ke kāne
Ma ka pakuhi o ka māhele o Tver kahi kahawai kūʻono ʻo Vydropuzhsk, me ka heluna kanaka he 505. Aia ke kauhale ma ke alanui ʻo Moscow - St. Wahi a kekahi moʻolelo, hele mai ka inoa mai kahi ho'ākāka o ka wahi i loaʻa manu ʻole ʻia nā otters.
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻoni ʻoniʻoni i mea kūʻai no ke kūleʻa, no ka laʻana, ka pale aku o ka pale kahiko Viking no ia. He holoholona momona koʻikoʻi loa ka ʻawa, ʻo kona hulu i manaʻo ʻia he nani, paʻa a me nā kūmole. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia he huluhulu hulu manu i huki ʻia a hiki i 30 mau makahiki, a i ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka huluhulu nā waiwai maikaʻi - "wai ʻole". I ka hoʻopio ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou i aʻo i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpala, hele pinepine lākou i nā holoholona, e luku ana i mau tausani no ka hulu o lākou, akā ʻo ka mea lawaiʻa ke pāpā ʻia, no ka mea ua lilo lākou i mau ʻano mālama.
Akā, ʻaʻole wale ka hulu manu i ka hānai i ke kanaka i nā ʻōpio. Ka mea i hiki iā lākou ke lilo i poʻe kōkua lawaiʻa. ʻO nā huaka ʻakaʻaka no kēia kumu i hoʻomaka i nā kenekulia mau makahiki i hala. I ka wā kahiko, ua hana ka Kina, nā Inia, Kelemania, a me nā Pelekānia, ʻūle i kahi holoholona ʻōpiopio, a ulu ke kōkua no ka lawaiʻa ma waho. A i kēia lā, i kekahi mau ʻāina o Āsia, e ʻaihue ana nā poʻe kamaʻāina i nā hui otter e lawaiʻa i ka ʻupena. Mālama ʻia nā holoholona makua nui i ka lewa lōʻihi, a ulu malū wale nā holoholona ʻōpio, no ka mea, ua holo ʻole lākou mai kahi mamao aku i ko lākou mau mākua.
Mea ʻai
ʻAi like ʻole nā ʻano o nā meaʻai no nā ʻōpū o nā muliwai, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano iʻa e neʻe wikiwiki nei. No ka laʻana, nā minnows lepo a i ʻole nā kālele. ʻO ka mālama kūikawā no ka ʻūkū he spawning salmon. I kekahi manawa, i ka ʻimi ʻana iā ia, holo lōʻihi ka otters. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka ninini ʻana i ka meaʻai o kēia mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi kekahi mea. Kahi paha ka hele ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka otter i hoʻokahi hola wale nō.
ʻAʻole nāuki ʻia nā kahe wai me nā crustaceans, mollusks, mauʻu wai, mussels a me nā amphibians. Pīloli hoʻi lākou i ka ʻai manu a i nā hua ʻai manu ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe (beavers, muskrats). I kekahi manawa hele i nā manu iā lākou no ka ʻaina awakea. Hiki iā ia ke ducks, gese a i nā manu ʻē aʻe i nalo i ka pono e lele.
I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, huikau maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpala i lalo o ka iʻa ma kahi o ka wai anu.
ʻAno hānau
Noho nā ʻāpana otters i nā pōkole no kahi wā pōkole loa a loaʻa wale no nā kumu hoʻoulu. I ka wā hoʻohālikelike. I loko o nā otters e noho ana i kahi aniani, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka manawa o ka manawa hapai, i ka manawa i pau ai ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pūpū, hiki i nā lā 250 a oi aʻe paha. ʻO ia, hiki paha i ka meli ma ka wahine ke ʻano he nui ma mua o ka pūnāwai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona, ma Ianuali a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i ka wai hope.
I hoʻokahi kolamu, hānau ʻia ʻelua a ʻelua mau ʻāpana kūpaʻa a me ka makapō a ʻole i loaʻa ʻole ke kōkua o hoʻokahi mahina. A laila noho lākou me ko lākou makuahine no ka manawa lōʻihi, ka mea e aʻo pololei i kā lākou mau lei.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka otter i kēia mau ʻāina. Ma mua, ua hana kēia ma muli o ka neʻe ikaika ʻana i ka manaʻo no ka hulu umauma a maikaʻi, a i mea e mālama ai i ka iʻa. ʻĀnō, ua lilo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa aniani o nā loko wai ākea nui a lilo i ʻenemi nui no nā ʻōpū o nā kahawai.
ʻO nā holoholona ma ka Zoo Maikaʻi
Ua noho kā mākou ʻĀlelo i loko o ka zoo no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia i nā wā kahiko. ʻO nā holoholona, ʻoiai he pākeke (hānau ʻia ʻo Gavril ma 2007, a ʻo Frozen wahine i ka makahiki 2005), ʻoliʻoli i ka poʻe malihini kipa e liʻiliʻi, a hoʻonohonoho pono i nā "hōʻike" no lākou - pihi lākou, kū i loko o nā pou, haki i loko o ka wai me nā kīwaha. ʻAno makemake loa ʻia ʻo ʻume i ka lawaiʻa i loko o ka loko ʻauʻau "lele i ka mile", ʻo kaʻauʻau ʻana ma ko lākou mau kua mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka aviary a hiki i kekahi. Mālama ʻia ka pāhulu otter, hui pū ʻia ʻekolu wai liʻiliʻi e like me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hohonu me ka wai e kahe ana. Loaʻa i nā holoholona ke hūnā mai ka makaʻi ʻana o nā malihini, hiki iā lākou ke peʻe i nā pā o loko i loko o nā wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka puka hāmama ʻili, a kū ana ma lalo o ka pā lāʻau o ka aviary.
He ʻoliʻoli kā mākou ʻĀina: hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi no nā lehelehe a me nā pika keu e lele ana i loko o ka mokulele, a hiki iā lākou ke kau aku, ka hopu ʻana i nā kālele ola e hoʻopuka kūikawā ʻia i loko o ka loko.
ʻAi lākou i ka otters me ka iʻa, nā palupalu, ka naʻau momona, makemake lākou i nā ʻōmato mai nā huaʻai, makemake lākou i nā ʻōpala maka. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻaihue luna, kahi e pīpī ʻia ai ka meaʻai me ka pauka e kū ana i nā huaora a me nā minela.
Otter
Otter - he ʻelele mustachioed o ka ʻohana marten. ʻAʻole wale kēia holoholona hihiu a leʻaleʻa maikaʻi, akā he lawaiʻa nani hoʻi luhi, ke diile, kahi mea akamai akamai, a me ka mea lele maoli, ua mākaukau e hoʻokūkū me kahi hakakā. ʻO ka wai kekahi mea o ka otter, he hekili ia o ka iʻa, nā ʻōpala a me nā mussels. I loko o ka pūnaewele, ua kaulana loa ka otter, ʻaʻole kēia i nā mea hiʻohiʻona wale nō, akā, i kona ʻano puʻupuʻu, ʻoluʻolu hoʻi.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka otter kahi mea mammal a ka ʻohana a marten. I ka huina, he 12 mau ʻano like ʻole ma ka ʻohana otter, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia ʻo 13. Ua nalowale loa nā ʻano Kepani o kēia mau holoholona hoihoi i ko mākou honua.
Nui nā ʻano, akā ʻo ka mea kaulana loa o lākou:
- ka wai ʻona
- ʻĀpana ʻo Brazil.
- keila ʻauli (kai otter),
- Sumatran otter,
- Asiatic otter (no-beetle)
ʻO ka laulima o ka muliwai ka laha loa, e ʻike mākou i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ma hope mai, akā e aʻo mākou i kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻano e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano kiʻekiʻe.Noho ka otter i ʻo Amazon, hoʻopili wale ʻia i nā mokulā. Me ka huelo, ʻelua mau mika o kona mau ʻāpana, a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻano he 20 kg. Uaʻike nā pale i mea ikaika, clawed, ka hulu pua o kahi paleʻeleʻele. Ma muli o ia, ua hōʻemi nui ka nui o nā otters.
ʻO ke kai ʻonika, a i ʻole ʻĀpiha moana, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he beavers moana. Noho ʻo otters kai i Kamchatka, ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ma nā Mokupuni o Aleutian. Nui loa lākou, ʻo ke kaumaha o nā kāne e hōʻea iā 35 kg. Akamai a waiwai kēia mau holoholona. Hoʻokomo lākou i kā lākou meaʻai i loko o kahi ʻeke kūikawā aia ma lalo o ka wāwae hema mua. No ka ʻai ʻana i nā mollusks, ʻokiʻoki lākou i kā lākou mau pū me nā pōhaku. Aia nō hoʻi i lalo ka nalu o ke kai, i kēia manawa ua hoʻonui iki ʻia kona helu, akā aia ka lawena no ia e waiho mau ma lalo o ka pāpā paʻa ʻana.
Wahi e noho ai ka otter?
Kiʻi ʻO: Ot Otter
Hiki ke loaʻa i ka otter ma nā konitinika ʻē aʻe wale nō ʻo Australia. ʻO lākou nā holoholona semi-aku, no laila makemake lākou i ko lākou noho ʻana ma kahi o nā loko, nā muliwai, a me nā rawa. Hiki i nā ʻāpana ke kau, akā hoʻokahi mau mea ke loli ʻole - ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai a me kona kahe ʻana. ʻAʻole e noho ka otter i ka wai maʻemaʻe. I ko mākou ʻāina, pili nui ka otter i nā wahi a pau; noho ʻo ia ma Far North, Chukotka.
ʻO ka teritori i noho ʻia e ka otter hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i kekahi mau kilomita (hiki i 20). Ma nā kahawai ka liʻiliʻi he hapa ma lalo o nā kahawai a noho no ʻelua mau mile. Aia nā wahi ākea e pili kokoke ana i nā kahawai mauna. Ma nā kāne ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o nā wahine, ʻike pinepine ʻia ko lākou intersection.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ka otter like i kona wahi ka nui o nā hale he nui kahi manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kahi manawa. ʻAʻole kūkulu kēia poʻe poʻe neʻe i ka hale. Noho ka ʻūhū ma nā ʻano kumulima i waena o nā pōhaku, ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau o ka mea kanu ma ke kahawai.
ʻO nā pā hale he maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pale palekana. Pēlā nō, hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻoka i nā hale i haʻalele ʻia e nā beaver, kahi e noho maluhia ai lākou. He mea akamai loa ka otter a loaʻa iā ia kahi home ma kahi e waiho ai. Loaʻa ia no ka hihia a ʻo kona wahi nui i ka lolo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ka hanana semi-aquatic o ke otter i hoʻohālike nui i kona ala o ke ola a me kāna ʻano. Akahele loa ka otter. He leo nui kona, ka ʻono a me ke ʻano maikaʻi loa. Noho ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano i kahi otter. E makemake ana ke kahawai ʻoi iā ia ke ala o ke ola, a aloha ke aloha i ka noho ʻana, e noho ana ma luna o kona ʻāina, a he pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia.
E ikaika loa kēia mau holoholona, pāʻani pāʻani, holo mau iā lākou, hiki ke hele i kahi lōʻihi ma ka wāwae, ʻoi aku ka mobile. ʻOiai ke akaʻaka ʻana, he ʻoliʻoli loa ka otter, loaʻa iā ia ka hoihoi a me ke charisma. I ke kauwela, ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ʻaʻohe lākou no ka hoʻoluʻolu ʻana i ko lākou iwi i ka lā, ke hopu ʻana i nā kahawai o nā kukuna mahana. I ka hoʻoilo, he nui ka leʻaleʻa o nā kamaliʻi e like me ka hoʻoʻauheʻe ʻana mai ka mauna mai, ʻaʻole iki ka haole. Makemake ʻo Otters i ka frolic ma kēia ala, waiho ana i kahi ala lōʻihi i ka hoʻoilo.
Ke waiho nei ʻo ia mai ko lākou ʻōpū, kā lākou e hoʻohana ai he ʻano hau maloʻo. E holo lākou mai nā lehelehe umeke i ke kauwela, ma hope o nā ʻano hana leʻaleʻa āpau e lele nui ana i loko o ka wai. ʻOiai e holo ana i kēlā mau wahi hoihoi, he ʻikepili a me nā pīpī. Aia ka manaʻo i kā lākou hana wale nō no ka leʻaleʻa, akā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kā lākou hulu hulu. Ka nui o nā iʻa, maʻemaʻe a me ka wai kahe, nā wahi i hoʻoneʻe ʻole ʻia - ʻo ia ke kī i kahi noho hauʻoli o kekahi ʻāpana.
Inā lawa ka nui o kaʻai ma ka ʻāina punahele a otter, a laila hiki iā ia ke ola pōmaikaʻi ma laila no ka manawa lōʻihi. E makemake ana ka holoholona e hele i kēlā me kēia ala like. ʻAʻole paʻa ka otter i kahi wahi kūikawā o kona hoʻoili ʻia. Inā lilo nā mea ʻai i ka ʻili, a laila hele ka holoholona i kahi hele i ka wahi i wahi e loaʻa ai kahi wahi kūpono i kahi e pilikia ʻole ai nā meaʻai. No laila, hiki i kahi otter ke hele i kahi lōʻihi. ʻOiai ma kahi pūpū o ka hau a me ka hau hohonu i ka lā, hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi hoʻololi o 18 - 20 km.
E noʻonoʻo e hoʻohui i nā otters i hoʻouna pinepine ʻia e huli ai i ka pō, akā ʻaʻole mau. Inā makemake ka otter i ka palekana, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i kekahi mau hoʻoweliweli, a laila ikaika a ikaika loa ia a kokoke i ka uaki - e like me ka fluffy a me ka mustachioed, kumu ʻole o ke ola a me ka ikehu!
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Nā kiʻi: Animal Otter
ʻO ke kikowaena a me ke kamaʻilio o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o ko lākou mau ʻano a me nā ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ke kai, ʻo ia hoʻi, e noho i nā hui kahi i loaʻa i nā kāne a me nā wahine. A ʻo ka mea makemake i ka otter o Kanada e hana i nā pūʻulu kāne wale nō, nā pūʻulu bachelor āpau, helu ʻia mai 10 a 12 mau holoholona.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: hoʻokahi mau ʻāpana otters. Noho nā wahine, me kā lākou mau lālā i ka ʻāina like, akā hoʻāʻo ʻo kēlā me kēia wahine e hoʻokaʻawale i kona ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa ma luna. I nā kuleana o ke kāne aia nā wahi o kahi ākea nui kahi e noho ai ma kahi kaawale a hiki i ka wā hāpai.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kāne i kahi manawa pōkole, a laila hoʻi hou ke kāne i kona ola maʻamau maʻamau, ʻaʻohe hapa o ka launa pū ʻana me kāna mau keiki. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia ka hopena pua i ka puna a me ke kauwela. Hoʻāhewa ka male kāne i ka mākaukau o ka wahine no ka rapprochement, ma o kāna mau mea ʻāpono kikoʻī i waiho ʻia. Mākaukau ke kino o otters no ka hoʻoulu ʻia e ʻelua (ma nā wahine), ʻekolu (i nā kāne) mau makahiki o ke ola. No ka lanakila ʻana i ka wahine o ka puʻuwai, pinepine nā cavalier i ka hakakā mau ʻole
Hāpai ka wahine i nā cubs i ʻelua mahina. He 4 mau keiki pēpē i hānau ʻia, akā ʻo ka maʻamau ʻo 2 mau keiki wale nō e mālama nui a mālama i kāna mau keiki a hiki i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. Hānau ʻia nā keiki i loko o kahi huluhulu hulu, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i ka hakahaka, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 100 g.
Ke kokoke kokoke i ʻelua mahina, ke hoʻomaka nei lākou i ka holo kaukau ʻana. I ka manawa like, e ulu nā niho, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻomaka ai e ʻai i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī. ʻO ka like wale nō, he liʻiliʻi iki lākou a pili i nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā malama ʻeono ke kokoke kokoke lākou i ko lākou makuahine. Hoʻomaopopo ka makuahine i kāna hua i ka iʻa, no ka mea, ola kēia ola i kēia. Aia wale nō ke keiki i ka makahiki he hoʻokahi makahiki a piha lākou i ka makua a ʻo nā pākeke, mākaukau e hele no ke kau ʻana.
Nā Hoʻopaʻa Kūlohelohe
Kiʻi ʻO: Ot Otter
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Otters i kahi ola pilikino, e hoʻāʻo e noho i nā wahi i kahi ʻole i neʻe ʻia mai kahi noho kanaka. Eia naʻe, ua lawa kēia mau ʻenemi.
Wahi a ka ʻano holoholona a me ke ʻano o kona noho ʻana, hiki iā ia ke:
Hoʻopau ma luna o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a i ʻike ʻole i kēia mau mea ʻino. ʻO kekahi ʻalopona paha e hoʻokau i kahi pōpilikia i kahi otter, ʻoiai ua hoʻohuli pinepine ʻia kona nānā i kahi ʻeha ʻeha a i ʻole ʻia i kahi lua. Hiki i ka otter ke pale wiwo ʻole iā ia iho, ʻoi aku ka pili o ke ola ʻana o kāna mau keiki. Aia nā hihia i kona komo ʻana i ke kaua me kahi alligator a puka mai i waho me ke kūleʻa. ʻO ka otter huhū ikaika, ikaika, wiwo, a dodgy.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pōpilikia nui loa i ka otter. A ʻo ka kumu ma aneʻi, ʻaʻole wale ia i ka ʻu a a alualu paha i ka hulu hulu, akā i nā hana kanaka. Hopu ka iʻa iʻa, e hoʻohaumia ai ka lewa, a laila hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka otter, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka make.
Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana
Nā kiʻi: Animal Otter
ʻAʻole he mea huna e hōʻemi nui ka helu o nā otters i ko lākou heluna he i kēia manawa. ʻOiai kēia mau holoholona e noho kokoke ma luna o nā konitinika āpau koe wale nō ʻo Australia, i kahi o nā otter i lalo o ke kūlana pale a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. Ua ʻike ʻia ua pau nā ʻano o nā holoholona ʻo Iapana i kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha mai ka maka o ka Honua i ka 2012. ʻO ke kumu nui no kēia kūlana kaumaha o ka heluna kanaka. Hōʻalo ka hana ʻana o kāna mau holoholona a me kāna hana waiwai. ʻO kā lākou mea waiwai nui e hānai i nā mea hune i alakaʻi i kahi luku nui o nā holoholona. Nui ka hoʻoilo, flutter ʻānō.
Hoʻopilikia ka pōʻino i ke ʻano o nā otters. Inā ua kūpaʻa nā kino wai, ʻo ia ka mea e nalowale ka iʻa, a nele ka otter i ka meaʻai, e alakaʻi ai i nā holoholona. Nui nā ʻoka e hāʻule ana i loko o ka ʻupena lawaiʻa a make, hoʻopono ʻia i loko o lākou. ʻO kēia manawa hou, ua hoʻomake ʻo ka lawaiʻa i ka otter ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa. I ka nui o nā ʻāina, ʻaʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia ka otter maʻamau, ʻoiai ua pālahalaha ʻia ma laila. ʻO kēia a Belgium, Netherlands a me Switzerland.
Kahu Pūnaewele
Whakaahua: Otter i ka hoʻoilo
ʻO nā ʻano āpau o otters i kēia manawa i loko o ka Puke Hoʻo Ao Hou. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻonui iki ka nui o ka lehulehu (i ka moana otter), akā ma ka laulā ke hoʻomau nei ke kūlana. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka hopu, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma mua, akā ʻo ka nui o nā kino wai kahi i noho ai ka otter e ola nui loa.
ʻO ka kaulana nui o ka otter, ma muli o kāna kiʻi i waho a me ke ʻano ʻoliʻoli perky, hoʻokau i nā poʻe he nui a manaʻo hou e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli a ke kanaka e hana ai i kēia holoholona hoihoi. Malia paha ma hope o kekahi manawa, e loli paha ke kūlana no ka maikaʻi, a e hoʻomaka koke ka nui o nā otters.
Otter ʻAʻole wale mākou e hoʻopiʻi iā mākou me ka maikaʻi a me ka hoihoi, akā e hoʻokō ana i ka misionari nui nui loa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kino wai, e hana ana e like me ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe, ka mea mua, ʻai lākou i nā iʻa a nāwaliwali.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka holoholona ʻehā he holoholona nui me kahi elongated flexible body stream stream streamlines. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 55–95 cm, ʻili - 26-55 cm, ke kaumaha - 6-10 kg. ʻO ka pōkole pōkole, me nā membrane peleke. He ʻuhane ke poʻo, ʻaʻole fluffy.
Kāleka huluhulu: ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma luna, ahe māmā ma lalo, kālā. ʻO ka lauoho ka koena, akā he mānoʻōmaʻomaʻo a he aʻono hoʻi ka underfur. ʻO ka haaheo kiʻekiʻe o ka undercoat e hoʻoneʻe i ka hulu i ka wai a hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ke kino o ka holoholona, pale iā ia mai ka hypothermia. He kūpono ke ʻano o ke kino o ka otter i ka ʻauʻau ma lalo o ke kai: he poʻo ākea, nā wāwae pōkole, kahi huelo lōʻihi.
He holoholona ʻāpono nā ʻupena, he nui ke ʻano o ke ʻano: kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi, humuh, ʻimi a ʻili, i ka wā pāʻani a leʻaleʻa kā lākou chirp, ʻoiai ke kāhea nei i nā hoahānau (nā hoʻohālike, nā makuahine o kā lākou keiki) lākou i kihi, a ʻoweliweli . ^ E Ha yM. No ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻouka ʻana, kuʻi ʻia nā ʻōpala i kahi mea lōʻihi a kani ke kani ʻana, he hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka lau o ka pōpoki. Kahi ʻia ka ʻōʻai e nā kānaka e hānai ʻia e hānai.
Kālā
ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mana o ka subfamily otter. 'Aʻohe nui ia ma loko o kahi ākea e pili ana i ka hapa holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa (koe wale nō ʻo Netherlands me Switzerland), Asia (koe wale nō ʻo Arabian Peninsula) a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi a pau i Rūsia, e komo pū me nā Far North ma ka Magadan Region, ma Chukotka.
Na palapala kapu Lutra lutra whiteleyi, ka mea e noho ana ma Iapana, ua hoʻolaha ʻia i hala loa ma ka makahiki 2012 (ʻo ka manawa hope loa i ʻike ʻia ai kahi ʻūkū Kepani i ka makahiki 1979 ma Shikoku Island), akā i Pepeluali 2017 ʻo kahi mākaʻi kāmelo ma ka mokupuni ʻo Tsushima i hoʻopaʻa i nā neʻe o nā ʻaupō, a me nā huli hou i hōʻoia i ko lākou noho ʻana i ke ʻano o nā moʻo a me nā ʻōpala. . ^ E Ha yM. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kēia o nā ʻelele o ka nūhou o ka ʻenekona kahiko i hala, akā, ʻo nā ʻona maʻamau i holo mai i lalo mai ke kahua o South Korea, kahi e hopohopo ʻia ai ka otter.
Ka nohona kūloko a me ka pale
ʻO ka hoʻoulu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea make pesticides ua hōʻemi iho i ka nui o nā otters. I ka 2000, ua kau ʻia kahi otter maʻamau ma ka papa inoa o nā Red Conservation Union (IUCN) ma ke ʻano he "ʻano" ʻoi loa.
Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano mea i ka Red Book o Sverdlovsk, Samara, Saratov a me Rostov, ka Repubalika ʻo Tatarstan, ka Repubalika o Bashkortostan a me St. Petersburg. Kuhi pū ʻia kahi subspecies i loko o ka Red Red Book. He kahawai kaʻu Caucasiane noho ana ma ke Komohana Komohana (Krasnodar Territory).
ʻO kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha
ʻO kahi ʻmter (lat. Lutra) ka mea e kapa ʻia nei kekahi mau mea pālule e alakaʻi ana i ka nohona semi-aquatic a no ka ʻohana marten. ʻO nā subfamili he 5 mau genera a me nā 17 ʻano, ʻo ia ka mea i kaulana loa ʻo ka ʻalu (ka muliwai), moana otter, moana otter, Brazilian (buta) a me Caucasian otter. Ua helu ʻia nā ʻano manu āpau o kēia holoholona i loko o ke kaonaʻo Red Book: waiwai momona otter i mea e hoihoi ai i ka poʻe poorship no hoʻokahi makahiki o hoʻokahi haneli.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā otters o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole ko ke ʻano. No laila, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona mai ka 55 a i ka 95 cm, ʻoiai he mea maʻalahi, muscular a lōʻihi loa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai 22 a 55 55 cm, he mānoanoa ia ma ke kumu, aʻi ʻia a hiki i ka hopena, fluffy. ʻO ka nui ka nui o ka otteria a i ʻole ka nui a ke kanaka nui e noho ana ma ke kahakai o ka Amazon a me Orinoco: a me ka huelo, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kēia holoholona i ʻelua mita a ʻo kona paona ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka iwakālua kilokilā.
No laila, ʻo ka otter ʻaʻa nui ke poʻokela nui o kāna subfamili. ʻO ke kai ʻona e noho ana i ke kai ākea, ʻoiai ʻoi aʻe ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ia, ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻokūkū me ia.
ʻO ka ʻokika liʻiliʻi loa, ka lā hikina, e noho ana i nā ʻōpū o Asia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino me kāna huʻū e pili ana iā 70 a 100 cm, a ʻo kona paona mai 1 a 5.5 kilograms. Aia no nā holoholona moana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻona ʻilikai ma Komohana Hema a me ke kiʻi ʻo 4,5 kilogram.
Hoʻohālikelike i ke kaupaona kino, loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona he mauʻu nui, e ʻae iā lākou e noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi mau minuke ʻehā. I mea e loaʻa ai kahi hapa o ka ea, ʻaʻohe pono o ka holoholona i ka piha piha: ua lawa ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pihi o ka ihu i ka lewa - hāʻawi kēia i ka otter i ka manawa e hoʻopiha piha i ka ʻōpū i ka oxygen a hoʻi hou ma lalo o ka wai.
He laulā ka maka o ka holoholona, liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao. Aia ka maka a me nā kuli he vibrissae, mahalo i kēlā mea ka mea nāna e hopu i ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i ka wai, ʻoiai ka holoholona i loaʻa i ka ʻike like ʻole e pili ana i ka mea pio: ʻo kona nui, wikiwiki a ma kahi e neʻe ai ʻo ia. Aia ka mea predator i lalo o ka wai, e pani ʻia kona mau ihu a me ka hāmama pepeiao i nā alaloa, e kālai ana i ke ala o ka wai.
ʻEkole ka wāwae wāwae, hoʻopili ʻia nā manamana lima ʻelima e nā membranes, aloha, e neʻe koke ka holoholona i loko o ka wai, a i ka hahai ʻana i ka mea ʻuʻuku e hiki ke hele ma ka wai ma lalo o ʻekolu haneli mau mika. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hind i mua o ka mua - hāʻawi kēia i ka holoholona i ka manawa e holo maikaʻi ai.
ʻOi aku ka hulu ʻūkū i ʻulaʻula: he brown a ʻulaʻula paha, a me ke kala kala nani, ma ka ʻōpū kala maikaʻi. ʻO kaʻili nui kona lauoho o waho, a he palupalu a maʻa mau ka undercoat e pā aku. He pīpī loa ka hana i ka ʻolipola otter piha ʻole i ka wai a pale pale iā hypothermia.
ʻAʻole lākou e waiho i kā lākou otters me ka nānā ʻole a mālama iā lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻomo a hoʻoneʻe iā lākou: inā ʻaʻole lākou e hana ia mea, e palupalu ke kapa, kāpae ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a make ka holoholona mai ka hypothermia (ʻaʻole i make ka momona o ka otter). Mai ka ʻaoʻao e nānā aku ana ke ʻano o ka holoholona, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hulu mai nā ʻano he mau ʻano. E hoʻopiha i ka undercoat me ka lewa, hina pinepine nā ʻōpala a ʻōwī i ka wai.
Hoʻaiho
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Kunih ma nā wahi he nui i ka honua. Hoʻopuni ka aura o kā lākou wahi noho i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia (koe wale nō ʻo Holland, Suisena a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa), ʻĀpana ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika.
ʻAʻole noho ia ka ʻona kahawai i nā wahi a pau: ʻo ka mea mua loa, koi nui nā ʻoka i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a no laila ʻaʻole ia noho i nā ʻōpū lepo.ʻO ke ʻano o ka lua, no ka mea e noho ʻole ai nā ʻoka e kokoke ana i ke kō, aia ka nele o ka ʻai: ʻai ka holoholona i ka crayfish, iʻa, mollusks a me nā amphibians.
Ma kahi kahi, ʻaʻole e noho mau kēia mau holoholona. I ke kauwela, makemake lākou e noho ma hoʻokahi pūnaewele, ke neʻe nei mai loko aku ʻaʻole heʻoi aʻe ma mua o ʻeono mau mile. Akā i ka hoʻoilo, hilinaʻi nui kēlā i ka nui o ka wai: ʻaʻole ka noho o nā otters ma nā wai wai i piha piha i ka hau. Inā holoʻokoʻa ka pūnaewele, a haʻalele lākou ia a me ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi keʻa kūpono e hiki ai iā lākou ke lanakila ma mua o hoʻokahi mau mile a hele aku paha i ka mauna. Kū ʻia ʻo otter Caucasian ma luna o nā mea āpau - maikaʻi loa ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ʻelua a me ka hapa mau tausani mika.
ʻAʻole eli nā ʻōpū o nā lua i loko o kahi lua bea i waiho ʻia, i nā ana kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā indentations ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau. E koho pono ka holoholona i kahi e noho ai, he mea nui loa ia i ʻike ʻole a paʻakikī ke komo, a hiki ʻoe i ka hale wale nō i kahi ala hoʻokahi, aneane nui ka holoholona i hana hou aʻe. Ma kahi o nā lua nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hale ʻoka ma ka wahi i mālama ʻia, he mamao loa ia mai ka wai, ma kahi mamao o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika - a hiki iā ʻoe ke noho aku i ka wā i wā mai ai ka wai a me ke kahe a puni nā wahi.
Pehea e ola ai nā otters?
ʻOiai e manaʻo nā poʻe he nui nā holoholona he nocturnal, hiki paha iā lākou ke alakaʻi i ke ola i ke ahiahi a hiki i ka lā inā manaʻo lākou ʻaʻole lākou i pōʻino. Manaʻo kēia mau holoholona e ola hoʻokahi, ʻo ka wahine wale nō ke keiki me nā keiki - ʻōpio nā ʻōpio e noho pū me ko lākou makuahine me hoʻokahi makahiki a waiho wale iā ia a ke hele ʻo ia e hana hou.
I waena o nā otters aia kekahi mau mea makemake ʻole i ke aloha wale. No ka mea, ʻokoʻa ka nunui o ka otter mai ka ʻohana Europa, ua hana ʻo ia i ke ao, ʻaʻole makaʻu loa, noho i nā pūʻulu a me nā hiʻu i nā pā: nā holoholona mai nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole i ka iʻa ma kahi.
ʻOiai ke kaila o nā otters i ka nui o ko lākou manawa i ka wai, ua manaʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ma ka ʻāina, kahi a lākou e hele ai, e waiho ana i kahi alahele, a e hana mau i ka hapa a me ka hapalua mika lōʻihi. Akā ma luna o ka hau ma muli o nā limu pōkole ka neʻe ʻana o lākou me ka paʻakikī, i kahi piʻi, paʻa i ka manawa like. Inā he liʻiliʻi a emi iki ka hau, ua piʻiʻu nā otters i ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻōpū.
A ikaika loa kēia mau holoholona, a pāʻani hoʻi. ʻAʻole mamao aku i ko lākou mau lua e hiki ke loaʻa i ka "roller coaster" - kahi puʻupuʻu me kahi ala o kahi i kolo ʻia, e waiho nei mai ka holoholona i neʻe ʻana ma kona ʻōpū. Ma kēia puʻu, piʻi nui ka holoholona i nā manawa he nui i ka lā a holo i lalo. ʻO kekahi leʻaleʻa punahele ʻē aʻe ke hopu i kou ʻūʻī a i ʻole wāwae wāwae, e pāʻani pinepine ana i nā iʻa i hopu ʻia, a laila ʻai ʻia.
I ke kauwela, aia ka nui o nā meaʻai ma ke kō, e noho ana nā otters i kahi hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻia mai ka pūnaewele. ʻAi ka holoholona i ka iʻa, nā baki, nā puʻu, a hopu pū nō hoʻi i nā rodents a me nā manu. ʻO nā wahi hopu no nā ʻōpio i kēia manawa o ka makahiki mai 2 a 18 mau kilomita ma ke kahawai a me 100 mika mai ke kahakai kahakai. I ka hoʻoilo, inā he manuahi ʻole ka iʻa a me ka hau, no laila e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lawaiʻa, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai i ka holoholona ua hiki ke uhi ʻia he 15 a 20 mau kilomita i hoʻokahi lā.
E noho ana i ke kai
ʻOkoʻa ka noho kino ʻana o nā ʻĀkau kai. Noho ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana o kēia ʻano ma ke kahakai o ka Pākīlika o ʻAmelika Hema a kokoke pau nā mākaʻi o ia mau ʻokoʻa (ʻokoʻa - nā ʻāpana moana.
He mea kupaianaha naʻe ke pale aku i ka ʻōpū moana i nā kino wai hou a noho wale ma ke kapakai kai. E hoʻopiʻi ka holoholona i ka noho ma kekahi kahakai, kahi e kū ai ka makani ikaika, a ʻo ka ʻāpana o ke kahakai e kahe mau ana i ka wai i ka wā o nā kahe kiʻekiʻe (aia ka lua ma ka palena o ka pae kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻāluulu ka lāʻau ākea a me nā kumu lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma ke kahakai - hāʻawi kēia iā ia i nā manawa kūpono e hoʻopiha i nā lua i loko o ka lua: kekahi i ke kai, kekahi i ka ʻāina. Kuhi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he alan me ke ʻano o ke ola, no laila ua hoʻopiha lākou i ko lākou mau hale ma ka mamao he ʻelua haneli mau mika mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou he hōʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā malihini e lele hewa nei i ko lākou ʻāina.
Ma kona ʻano maoli, makaʻu nui ke kai ʻĀina, a no laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke ʻike, ʻo ia nō, me he mea lā, ʻaʻole like me nā lālā wai, ke alakaʻi nei i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, e noho ana i ka wai no ka hapanui o kona manawa (me ka waiho ʻole i ka wai, ua huli lākou i ko lākou kua a waiho ʻia ʻai ma ka ʻōpū, ʻai). Ke holo nei, hiki i ka moana otter ke maʻalahi i ka hohonu i kahi hohonu o kanalima mau mika (a hana wikiwiki loa - i 15-30 mau kekona).
ʻO ka'āina, e lawe ʻia ka holoholona nui i ka wā e alualu ana iā ia i ka pōloli, ʻoiai hiki ke neʻe iā lākou mai ka papakū he hapalua kilomita. Pahu ka moana otter i nā pali i waiho ʻia ma ke kahakai, a makemake pū hoʻi ia e hoʻomaha i nā mākuhi pohō.
Otter Marten
ʻO ka ʻonika kai nui ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he kai moana kai e noho ana ma nā kahawai ʻākau: ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino a me kona huʻu e kū ana mai kahi mita a me ka hapa. ʻOiai ka mea no ka mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi mau mika heʻnekiʻo ʻelua kapena, ua kaumaha loa ia - ke kau neiʻo ia i kahi moana otter 30 kilograms, a ʻo ka nui o kekahi mau spimens a hiki i 45 kilograms. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia hiki ke kapa ʻia he ʻalalu moana.
ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka lauoho o ka ʻili o ke kai, akā nui ka nui, akā i ka pohō loa o kona kaona: ua ʻāpono ʻia ka hulu otter kai i ka nui loa o nā mommals āpau - 100 tausani ʻulu lauoho i kēlā me kēia square centimeter. ʻO nā ʻōpū o nā holoholona i pili i nā membranes e like me ka palaka lōʻihi, pōkole ka huelo, nā wāwae, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻOke maʻamau.
E like me ka nui o ka nui i ke kai, makemake ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ke ao: i ka pō hiamoe ʻo ia i ke kai, akā hiki ke hoʻomaha pū i loko o ka wai, i uhi ʻia i ka nui o ka wai i lawe ʻole ʻia ʻo ia i ka moana. I ka wā hunting, hiki i ka moana otter ke hiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka 16 km / h, a he kai make i loko o ke kai a hiki i ka 55 mika. ʻO kāna mau meaʻai punahele he mau urchins kai a me nā meaʻala. Akā, ʻaʻole mālama ke kahakai ʻo ka moana i ka pehea e loaʻa ai ka wai hou: loaʻa iā ia me ka meaʻai, a inā pono, hiki ke inu i ka wai o ka moana.
Ma ka ʻāina, ʻike ʻole ka neʻe i ka moana, me ka paʻakikī, kūlou ke kino ʻana i ke kino, a inā hiki, e iho mai ana mai ka pali ma kona ʻōpū. I ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, hiki iā ia ke holo i kahi mamao a hana i kekahi mau lele.
ʻO Lutra a me ke kāne
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hihiu, ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻopiʻi a emi mai ka liʻiliʻi loa, a no laila aneane āpau ʻia lākou a pau i loko o ka Red Book. ʻO ka hana nui i kēia mea i hana ʻia e ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau, nā mea i hoʻopili ai ke kaila hydrological, ka lawaiʻa ikaika, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka ʻai, ka pau ʻana o nā kahe, nā loko, nā kai, nā kaona a me nā ʻano waiwai ʻē aʻe o kā mākou honua. Ua hōʻino ʻia ka holoholona no ka nui o ke kahe, wela a me ka maloʻo - ma kekahi mau wahi i ʻānai loa iā lākou me nā wahi e pili ana i ka maʻi.
No ka mālama i kēia subspecies, ulu pinepine nā zoologists i nā otters i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, a hiki i nā holoholona i kekahi makahiki, hoʻokuʻu lākou i loko o ka hihiu. Ke ho'āʻo nei kekahi poʻe e kiʻi i kahi otter ma ka home. ʻOiai he holoholona akamai loa kēia mau holoholona, ʻoi aku ka home otter e like me ka holoholona he koho maikaʻi loa: ʻo ka mālama ʻana ʻaʻole ia he maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi inā ke noho ʻole ʻoe ma kahi mansion kokoke i laila, ʻaʻohe wai wai a loko. ʻAʻole kūpono ia ka ʻauʻau i kēia hihia, ʻo ka wā pinepine ka holoi ʻana i nā holoholona, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hulu, ʻōwili ia ma ka papahele (ʻoiai e makemake ana i nā kalapu)