Hola | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haeckel Discus | |||||||
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā iʻa Bony |
Lāpala: | Cichlasomatinae |
Kāhea: | Hola |
ʻO Symphysodon Heckel, 1840
Hola (lat. Symphysodon) - he ʻano o ka iʻa cichlid, pālahalaha loa ma Amazon. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ke aniani a puni, ʻūlū ʻia ma ke ʻano he kino, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mau pihi ʻeiwa. ʻO ka iʻa ʻōpio hiki i 20 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism seksual.
He ʻauhau
I kēia manawa, aia nā koho he nui no nā ʻōnaehana o nā subspecies maoli kūlohelohe.
Mai ka makahiki 1904, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa me ka ʻauhau o nā cichlids Discus Symphysodonka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano like maoli o nā ʻuhane i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa he subspecies:
- Haeckel discus Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
I ka makahiki 1960, ua paʻi ka American ichthyologist Leonard Schulz i loko o ka Tropical Fish Hobbyist i nā hopena o kāna loiloi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu. ʻO kēia paʻi, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ʻo Symphysodon aequifasciata i kahi kūlana kūʻokoʻa a wehewehe i ʻelua o kāna mau huaʻōlelo hou, aia ka nui o nā hewa ʻole a me nā kūlike ʻole, hoʻokahi ʻano kumu hoʻohālike i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano like ʻole i kēlā manawa.
- Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
- Heckel discus S. discus discus Heckel, 1840
- Equus Discus Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin, 1904
- green discus S. aequifasciata aequifasciata Pelegrin, 1904
- brown discus S. aequifasciata axelrodi Shultz, 1960
- blue discus S. aequifasciata haraldi Shultz, 1960
I ka loaʻa hou ʻana o ka ʻauhau i mālama ʻia e Sven Kullander, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka māhele i loko o subspecies. ʻO kāna puke, The Cyclic Fish of the Peruvian Amazon, i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1986, ua loli ka nui i nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana ʻauhau o nā cichlids o ʻAmelika Hema, me nā genus Symphysodon. Ma loko ona a me hope nā moʻolelo, ʻike ʻia e Cullander 2 mau ʻano wale nō i kūpono: Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840 a me Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904, a ua manaʻo i nā mea wehewehe āpau he mau huaʻōlelo liʻiliʻi.
Heiko Bleer, ma kāna monografia "Discus of Bleer," ua hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōnaehana genus i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano a he ʻekolu mau subspecies i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā makahiki 1960 he mau ʻekala, me ka synonymy i hāʻawi ʻia e Kullander (1986). ʻElehu ʻo Bleer ʻekolu mau ʻano i loko o ka huaʻōlelo Symphysodon: Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840, Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904, Symphysodon haraldi Schultz, 1960.
I ka makahiki 2006, ua noi mai nā poʻe ʻepekema Suwī i kahi ʻauhau ʻano ʻekolu.
- Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
- Heckel discus S. discus discus Heckel, 1840
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin, 1904
- ʻAna-disk discus S. aequifasciata aequifasciata Pelegrin, 1904
- S. tanzoo Lyons, 1959
- mālamalama ʻulaʻula ʻōpiopio discus S. t. tanzoo Lyons, 1959
ʻOpi
ʻO nā biotopes o ke aniani ʻo Amazon e hoʻomau i nā loli nui i loko o ka makahiki. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua i ka malama o Dekemaba, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Amazon. Hoʻouku ka wai hāmeʻa a me ka wai melika mai nā kiʻekiʻe mai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai i ka wai kahawai. Hoʻololi ka wai i loko o nā tributaries i kēia manawa ke kuhikuhi i ke ala o ke kahe ma ka ʻaoʻao, a hiki i ka wai kahe o nā wai o nā wahi ākea. I loko o nā pahu noho me nā wai wai aniani, nā wai hoʻoheheʻe e lawe i ka wai pālolo. ʻO ka ululāʻau kai e hoʻopuni ana i ka Amazon e lilo i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻauheʻe e neʻe ana. Ma ka helu Mei, oki ka ua nui. Hoʻomaʻa ka wai o ka wai i loko o ka wai o ka ululāʻau i hoʻohemo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo lākou. Mai Iulai, i mau mau mahina, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka nui o ka wai. Nui nā mau nā wai ʻokoʻa a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi kahi i loaʻa ai i ka wai ka maʻemaʻe a me kahi hiʻohiʻona uliuli ʻano. Hiki i nā ʻona wai i loko o ia mau mea hoʻopiʻi a hiki i nā waiwai palena o ka palupalu, nele i ka ʻano uila, a me ka waiwai. Wahi a H. Bleher, noho ka disc ma ka wai "ʻeleʻele" ma waena o nā māla lau o ke kahakai, kahi i uhi ʻia ai ka lalo o nā kaila i kahi lau o nā lau pala. He palupalu a wai ka wai. Aia ma lalo o ka wai nā aʻa o ke kai kapakai ma kahi o ka hapanui o ka makahiki. Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wai, ua haʻalele ka iʻa i ka malu a hele i kahi hohonu, i ke kikowaena o nā kaila wai.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā iʻa ʻaʻai Discus i loko o nā kahawai nui a ʻike iki paha i nā wahi o ka nui o nā kahe, ka nui o nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai. No laila, ʻo ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o nā iwi kaawale ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano (ʻokoʻa ke kala kala) a no nā poʻe liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō. Hiki i kēlā mau kamaʻāina kamaʻāina ke helu i nā haneli haneli kanaka, e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ke ʻano e pili ana i ka iʻa kula kula.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ke kumu o kaʻai o ka discus i nā ʻōkule manuahi me nā mea hoʻohuihui wai.
ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻana iʻa aku
Kūpono ʻia ka ʻōpena Discus i ka mahiʻai iʻa aku ka loko Aia lākou ma waena o ka iʻa maikaʻi loa o ka iʻu. Ua puka ʻo Discus ma ʻEulopa ma hope o ke Kaua Honua Mua, a ua pālahalaha loa i waena o nā kaola ʻEulopa mai ka makahiki 1921. ʻO ka manawa mua, ua pio ʻia ka huaʻāina, e like me nā kumuwaiwai i Kelemānia mai 1933-1936. I loko o kahi hale kūleʻa nui, ua haʻalele i ka makahiki 1956 ma ka GDR.
I ka USSR, ua hoʻokomo mua ʻia ka discus i ka makahiki 1957, akā ʻaʻole naʻe hiki ke hōʻoia i nā kūlana kūpono o ka paʻa. Ua hoʻokomo hou ʻia nā iʻa ma USSR i 1962 a bred ma Estonia.
Ma waena o nā mea iʻa ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia mai Brazil mai ʻāpana nui, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui i ka iʻa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he mea hoihoi i ka aquarium amateur, no ko lākou ʻōpio a me kā lākou ʻano i kūpono ʻole ʻia i nā kaola akuʻa, "nā mea ola" e koi ʻia e ka lehulehu o nā pāmu ʻoihana aku, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou e mālama i ka heluna kanaka piha.
I kēia manawa, hoʻolaha ʻia ka kaulana o ka discus e kekahi ʻano ʻano ponoʻai i ka mākeke, ʻokoʻa ʻana i ke ʻano kino, ke ʻano ʻula a me nā kala. Nā mea kanu momona:
- Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
- Hōʻemi keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo
- ʻŪpū ʻula
- Siliki ʻulaʻula
- Mālamalama ʻulaʻula
- Holo koko
- Hemolele
- Ke gula
- Kōloʻo ʻō
Nā Kūlana o Aku Aku
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā iʻa i ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai aquarium a me ka nui o ka aquarium. ʻO nā aquariums me ka nui o ka lita 200 mau wai a i ʻole ke kau hebedoma o kahi wai he 30% i ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻO ka mea nui nui ka hoʻomau o ka hoʻonā wai i ka wai pH: hiki i ka loli ākea ke hiki ke hōʻeha i ka hopena o ke olakino. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kukui me nā wahi ʻalohi. ʻO ka wai 28-32 ° C.
ʻAno hānau
I ka mōʻaukala o ka mālama ʻana i ka discus i loko o nā ʻōpuna, ua manaʻo ʻia ko lākou ulu ʻana ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka iʻa. Loaʻa ka ʻike i kēia lā i ka pua discus ʻike nui ʻo ia ka paʻakikī nui i ka koho ʻana i kahi pai o nā mea hana. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua mai nā kime paʻa.
Hiki i nā pilikia o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pālua maikaʻi e hōʻike iā lākou iho i nā ʻokoʻa like o ka hānau ʻana:
- ua hoʻohala ka pāhana, akā ʻo nā hoa no ke kumu ʻike ʻole, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka substrate a me nā kiko
- ua hoʻohala ka pālua, akā ʻo kekahi o nā hoapili he hōʻeuʻeu a paʻakikī paha
- ua koho ka pālua, koho i kahi substrate, waiho ʻia nā hua, a ma hope o ka nalowale o nā hoa ʻelua i ka makemake i ka masonry
- ua hana ka pālua, koho i kahi substrate, waiho ʻia nā hua manu, ʻōhumu kekahi o nā hoalawehana i kekahi
- ua koho ʻia, koho ʻia kahi 'ōpapa, waiho ʻia nā hua manu, ʻelua a i ʻole kekahi o nā hoahana e ʻai iki i nā hua manu i ka wā o ka hoʻā ʻana o ka masonry. Hiki ke pilikia ʻia kēia pilikia e ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe i loko o ka pōkole.
Mai ka papa inoa aʻe, ʻo nā pilikia mua ʻelua wale nō ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea loea, ke koho ʻana i nā kūlana a me nā hōʻailona o ka wai. Hāʻawi ka lāʻau hoʻonaʻauao hou i nā ala e mālama ai i ka masonry ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hana me ka mālama pono ʻana iho o ka palaoa a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana i kahi pahu ma luna o ka substrate e hiki ai ke kahe wale o ka wai ma luna o nā hua a ma ka manawa like e pale ai i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā hua e nā mea hana.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua e hānai i ka pākuhi i komo pū ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mākua i kā lākou mau hua, he kuhihewa, ʻoiai ua ʻai mua ka palaoa i ka prolactin i hoʻomoʻa e ko lākou mau mākua, nā secretocytes (nā loea kūikawā) i kumu o ka meaʻai (a ʻaʻole ka moʻo o nā kino o nā mākua).
Pono i ka mahana o ka wai i ka wā hoʻoulu a 30-32, ma 26 tikelika ʻaʻole hiki i nā hua ke paʻi, a hoʻolei nā mea hana.
No nā mea kuhikuhi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole koi. Hoʻonui ka paʻakikī o ka wai i ka hua o nā hua manu, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia ka wai palu no ka discus i ka wā ulu. I ke spawning, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi pākana hoʻokaʻawale me ka nui o 100 lita, ʻaʻohe lepo a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā pālima pua pua a i ʻole nā mea ʻala kō i hoʻokaho kūpono e like me kahi substrate. Hiki i nā mea hoʻopiʻi ke koho i nā mea i kūpono ʻole ʻia: kahi paʻa i kahi paʻa a i ʻole hoʻi i ka paia o kahi kānana i loko. E pili ana i kā lākou koho, hiki i ke kāne ke hōʻike mau i kona ʻano paʻakikī.
Hoʻololi ʻia ka wai kiko e like me nā mea maʻamau.
Kūlike
ʻAʻole i weliweli ka iʻa ʻaʻawe a ʻaʻole i kahi hoʻoweliweli i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka hale aku. ʻO ka pilikia o ka pane ʻana paha ka ʻoi aku i ka thermophilic ma mua o nā iʻa meʻa nui o nā iʻa. Inā ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka aquarist e hoʻolako i nā kūlana kūpono loa no ka mālama ʻana i ka discus, ʻoi aku ka hale hoʻokaʻawale kahi i makemake ʻia no ka discus ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Kūlike ʻole i ka huaʻōlelo like ʻole i nā scalars, discus e hoʻonāukiuki i ka pilina ma hope aku. ʻO ke koi a ʻoi loa ka nui o ka uluʻuluʻala o nā scalars i ʻole e ʻae iā lākou no ka mālama pū ʻana me ka discus.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana ika
ʻOhi iʻa nani loa, a me kona mālama ʻana e pono ai i kekahi mau kūlana paʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, i ke kūʻai ʻana i kēia iʻa, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi iā lākou me ka acclimatization maʻalahi i kahi hou. ʻOiai ke kula ʻana o ka iʻa, a laila kūʻai ke kūʻai iā lākou he pono i kekahi mau ʻāpana. Akā ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana āpau, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana o kahi pilikia mai ka discus i kahi hale hou - ua kūʻokoʻa loa ka iʻa.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka ʻaka leopadi discus
ʻO kekahi o nā koi nui i loko kumuhana pili he nui ka mili kai. No ka mea nui ka nui o kēia mau iʻa, a e pā ʻo ia iā lākou i loko o nā pūʻulu ʻeono, a laila pono lākou i kahi nui - mai 250 lita o ka wai. Pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papa aku i ka liʻiliʻi o 50 cm a me kahi ākea o ka liʻiliʻi he 40 cm.
ʻAʻole hana ka mea nānā aku o nā papa aquarums makua pākeke ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke huli aʻe. ʻO nā mea e pono ai no ka wai ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai e holo ana mai kāu pākaʻi, hoʻokuʻu iā ia i nā hola 48 no ka hoʻohālikelike i kahi wai.
Manaʻo e ka poʻe nui mai kēlā discus i ke ʻano noho i loko o ka wai palupalu, a laila pono ka ʻaiʻa o ka aku. Akā, ʻo ka mea mua, hana kēia i nā pilikia me ka puli ʻana, no ka mea, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka 30% o ka wai me ka he maʻemaʻe i ka hebedoma, a ʻo ka lua, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka wai paʻakikī - nā nā maʻi pili i ka hōʻeha ʻaʻole hiki ke ola i loko.
I ke kiʻi pale discus photo
Akā ʻo ka iʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pH ma mua o 8.0. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka iʻa e noho ana i kēlā wai e hoʻohiki ai, e hoʻomōwili ai i ka wai a hoʻokumu i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. Aia no ka wai o ka wai, pono ma kahi o 29 ° C.
O kekahi kūlana kumu discus koʻikoʻi - ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Mai ka nānā ʻana o kēia alapine, ua hui hou nā koi hou aʻe: ʻo ka hōʻole ʻana o nā mea kanu e noho ana i ka hale ʻai, ʻo ka maʻamau (ʻoi aku ma hope o kēlā me kēia hānai hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hōʻole paha, ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi kānana wai maikaʻi.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ka mālama pono ʻana o ka discus e hōʻoia i ka noho mālie, mai hōʻeha i ka psyche palupalu o kēia mau iʻa me nā kani nui, nā kīwaha, nā neʻe wikiwiki. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kau i ka mea kanu me kahi wahi nalo, kahi i nui ai ka ʻōlamalama, akā, ʻaʻohe ʻano mālamalama.
I ke kukui mālamalama, ʻike mau ka discus i nā ʻoluʻolu. ʻO kaʻeleʻele hoʻi o ka mea i waho. Ma keʻano e like ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka driftwood palaka kiʻekiʻe, nā lālā, nā mea kanu. E haʻalele i nā kumulāʻau e peʻe i nā pā hale, e kū ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau.
Kāohi i ka meaʻai iʻa
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i kēia iʻa me nā ʻano o nā ʻanoʻai: ke ʻano maloʻo, palalulu, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ola. Inā ʻoe e koho i nā ʻano hui like ʻole, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i ka ʻike o ka protein i loko o ia mea, pono ia ma kahi o 45%.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea nona nā discus e makemake e kuke i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou mau papa hoʻāʻo. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ka ʻiʻo pīkī i ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻano (he hapa liʻiliʻi o ka momona), kahi, inā makemake ʻia, a inā pono, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā ʻala, ʻeli, nā huaʻa, nā huaora a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Me ka mea ola e pono ai e akahele nui a akahele loa, no ka mea ua maʻalahi ka lawe ʻana i nā parasit i loko o ka wai me ia. I mea e hōʻalo ai i kēia, pono ʻoe e hilinaʻi i ka mea nāna e hoʻolako i kēlā ʻano meaʻai, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē aʻe iā ʻoe iho. ʻOiai paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua mālama i ka discus. ^ E Ha yM. Pono ka ʻai ʻana o nā meaʻai, me ka ʻike ʻole o kēia iʻa e moʻa ai nā pōpoki paʻa.
Hoʻopiʻi a me ke ola ʻana o ke ola
Hoʻokahele ʻia ka iʻa ʻala i nā pālua, a hāʻawi ka wahine i nā hua 200-400 ma kahi pale kūpono a mahele paha paha. No ka hōʻoluʻolu hou ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kanu ʻana i kahi kāne i loko o kahi pākana hoʻokaʻawale kahi e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻokumu i ke kaiāulu kūpono: hoʻohuihui i ka wai, hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻōla i ka mahana i 31-32С⁰. I ka manawa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā hua a hua ʻole, e hoʻoneʻe nā mākua i ka pipi.
Ma hope o nā hola he 60, hoʻomaka ka wiwo ʻana i hatch, kahi e hānai ai i ka mea hiʻi ʻili o ko lākou mau mākua no nā lā 5 mua. Eia hou, pono nā keiki e kanu a hānai i nā hua me ka yolk a me ka artemia, e nānā ana i nā kūlana āpau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no nā iʻa pākeke.
ʻOiai ka paʻakikī o ka manaʻo, ua lanakila ka discus i kahi i loko o ka puʻuwai o nā poʻe amateurs a me nā mea loea i nā aquarists. Ka Hōʻailona mai ka 1000 rubles a ma luna, e pili ana i ka hale kūʻai, ka ʻāpana a me ke ʻano o ka iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho
No Discus ka ʻohana cichlid. Akā ʻokoʻa loa lākou i ka manaʻo o cichlids, ʻo ia ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ʻike. ʻO Cichlids kahi ʻinoʻino, nā mea hopu moku. ʻAʻohe hoʻonāukiuki a makemake ʻole ʻo Discus i ka pale ʻana i kona ʻāina mai loko o nā kaʻe o kahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nānā aku ka nānā maka o ka diskus he lau nui ma hope, kahi i hui pū ʻia me nā pupu. No laila, ma ke ala, a me ka inoa. Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha o ka iʻa, ua pohihihi nā maka, ʻūʻeleʻele a puni ka maka. Pono nā fales and anal fins ma ke ʻano, ʻaʻohe hanana nā kaʻina, nā pale elongated a me ka pākū. Hoʻopili ʻia hoʻi ka huelo. ʻO ke ʻano nui i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka pua o ka iʻa, a me nā kūlana paʻa.
I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻano ākea o kēia iʻa i kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā ʻano. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo mau nā inoa o nā hui i ka ʻike.
- ʻO Haeckel Diskus ka mea maʻamau i loko o nā mea kanu, ola i ke kūlohelohe. Kāleka - ʻaʻole ʻulaʻula nui, e like me kāu e ʻōlelo nei. Pahuʻula ʻia ka uhi ʻana o ke kino. Ua hele nā pahuhopu he nui. Ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, nui nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula e kū mai ana mai ke poʻo a hiki i ka huelo a he mau ʻano like ʻole. Aia i lalo o kekahi mau kūlana (ke ʻano mālie, ke anuanu kūpono) i ʻike ʻia i nā kino kahe ma ka umauma, he ākea ke ʻano nui (ʻo ia ka helu i ka nui o ka iʻa, maʻamau ka 6-7). Nui ka iʻa a hiki i ka 7-9 cm ke anawaena. I loko o nā kukui shimmers maikaʻi me nā kalaʻulaʻula a me kaʻulaʻula.
- ʻO Kobalt - nā kāʻei a me nā wahi paʻa ʻole i ke kino o kēia mau iʻa i hana i nā hiʻohiʻona uliuli. Hiki i ke kino ākea a puni ke aniani.
- Turquoise (Diskus Turkis) - nā kīʻaha maʻamau o ke kino he turquoise a ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Nui nā mea kuʻi a me nā kaula.
- ʻO ke koko Pigeon ka nui o ka discus, ʻo ka waiho ʻana o ke kino nui he ʻoni-gula, akā aia kekahi bula ka uliuli, kahi e ʻike ai ka iʻa i loko o kekahi mau ʻoki. Nui nā wahi a me nā kāʻei, akā ke ʻike ʻia nā pihiʻeleʻele transverse. ʻEleʻele ka poli a hui pū me ka ʻeleʻele.
- Kūpono - nā kukui mai ke kala melemele a i ke gula. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā mākaʻi a me nā wahi paha nā mika ʻili.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, paʻakikī ke kala o ka discus e wehewehe i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo, no laila multifaceted. No laila, mahalo nui lākou i nā aquarist - he nani lākou.
ʻO wai ka mea āu e hele pū ai?
ʻO nā meaʻole, nā manaʻo o nā mea i hoʻohiki i ka nui o ka pilikia, ma ka aquarium me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e lawe mai i nā pilikia hou aku. A ʻo ke kumu no kēia ʻaʻole wale nō ka hapa o ka nui ma muli o nā dime nui o nā cichlids.
Discus e kona ʻano, he maluhia, pili aloha a me ka hakakā ʻole. ʻOluʻolu loa i ke minamina, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana iā lākou me kahi pūʻulu o 6 mau lālā.
ʻO kēia mau iʻa paʻapū a me ka mālie i loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokūkū ai i nā mea inu aku e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. ʻO ka mea mua, he hoʻomehana i nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lua, hoʻokuʻu pinepine nā maʻi i nā maʻi e hiki ai i nā poʻe makemake ʻole. Inā hoʻoholo paʻa ʻoe e hoʻolilo i kahi kanaka me lākou, a laila ke kī ke kū nei ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka clown, Kongo, red-nosed tetra, neon red a me nā ʻano iʻa keu.
He iʻa maikaʻi loa kēia i ka mālama a mālama pono ʻia, e koi ana ma luna o nā mea āpau wai. Ma ka lua kahi e ʻike ai ka nui o ka pahu aku a me nā hoalauna. ʻO ke kūpono, ʻike ʻia ka discus i ka aquarium monovid. Heʻuʻuku kekahi mau lālā o ka honua aquarium i hiki ke maʻalahi i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe o ka wai wai a noho lōʻihi.
- ʻO ka nui o ka aquarium mai ka 150 lita no hoʻokahi. He kānalua kēia ka mea, no ka mea ke nānā ʻole nei ka discus ma ke ʻano he ʻelua, akā ma ka ʻohana o nā ʻāpana he 6-8. No 6 mau kānaka, pono ʻoe i kahi hāpona mai 300 lita, me nā pā kiʻekiʻe, a ākea hoʻi.
- ʻO ke ea 30-32 ° C - kahi wai mahana loa kēia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā hōʻailona mōmona aquarium.
- He ʻoi aku ka hoʻonaninani 10-15, ʻo ia ka mea lawe kiki (ke kumu maʻamau ka maʻamau mai 5 a 20), a e nānā ʻia kēia ʻōmole maʻamau, pale ʻole i nā ʻeke.
- Ka hana hana - 5.5-7.5
- Hoʻololi ka wai wai wai (kahi hapa o ka nui), pono maʻemaʻe a hou aʻe
- ʻAʻohe mea i koi ʻia no ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke ʻano o ka lepo - ʻaʻole i noho iki ka kīʻaha i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka hoʻāla a me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka mea nui ka pono o ka lepo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi siphon - 1 manawa i ka pule.
- ʻO ka mea he nui loa ka aquarium, pono ke hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana kānana o waho. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka kānana o waho e like me ka manaʻo o ka mea hana; ʻo nā loli o nā pahu kānana i hoʻololi ʻia.
- He hopena maikaʻi nā mea ola i ke ʻano o ka discus, akā ʻaʻole pono ia (paʻakikī mau ka ulu ʻana o kahi mea i loko o ka wai mahana). Inā hāʻule ka koho i nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā mea palupalu a ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomau ʻana ma luna o ka iʻa.
- ʻO ke kau ʻōlelo hoʻokahi no ke koho ʻana i kahi kaikuana: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maka i ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa ma mua o ka kukui. Hoʻopiʻi ka iʻa me ka leʻaleʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolālā i ka mea kanu i loko o ke ʻano a me kou makemake.
- He kukui ka lahilahi, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kukui kūikawā e hana i ka pena ʻana i nā kala a ʻoi aku ka māmā. ʻAʻole koi ka discus i ka uila.
Ma ke kānāwai, ʻaʻohe mea paʻakikī. Hoʻonoho ka hana pāhana me ke hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻomehana, kahi kānana i koho ʻia a me ka mea nāna e hana maikaʻi i kā lākou hana. ʻO ka mea nui e koi ai mai ka mea nona ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau a me nā hōʻike wai.
Pehea ʻoe e hui pū ai?
He maluhia hoʻi ka ʻūlaka me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole lākou he mea hoʻonāukiuki a ʻaʻole hōʻino i ka lepo. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka minamina wale, ʻoluʻolu e noho i nā hui o 6 mau kaha.
ʻAno kēia mau cichlids i kai paleka, noho i ka wai mahana nui no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a he ʻoluʻolu loa i ka maʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea hana i nā pilikia i ke koho ʻana i nā hoalauna. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e mālama iā lākou i loko o nā mea kanu aku i kahi o ka discus wale nō. Akā inā e koho ʻoe i nā hoalauna, a laila ʻoi loa ka nui loa i nā iʻa maluhia e hiki ke noho i nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā scalars, ramistrez apistograms, tetras medium-rahi a me kekahi mau ʻeke.
Hiki ke kau i nā trifles i mea like, e like me ka neon a me ka zebrafish me ka discus, akā he mea nui hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo, i ka wā ma mua, i ke kauwela kiʻekiʻe, wikiwiki ka metabolism, no laila hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ke ola.
Pono e mālama ʻia i ka hānai i ka lawaiʻa discus, me ka mea ʻaʻole i lawa ka māʻona, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka i nā ʻaoʻao ākea o kēia mau iʻa lohi, hoʻohālikelike iā lākou a hōʻeha nui. Inā ua hana like ka iʻa me ka hoʻouka i ka discus, a laila, ʻaʻole he kūpono kūpono no lākou, no ka mea, pono ʻoe e neʻe i nā iʻa ʻoi aku.
Discus Red Melon.
Hānai
ʻO ka hopohopo nui a ka mea nona ka mea e mālama pono a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kala. Inā ʻoe e hānai i ka iʻa me ka meaʻai maʻamau, e mou ka a pau a me ka lilo ʻana i kona lako a pau. I kēia manawa, nui nā mau maloʻo i hana maʻalahi ʻia e mālama i ka waihoʻoluʻu. Loaʻa iā lākou nā pigments, a ma ke ala - hiki i nā mea huli a me nā mau waiola no ke olakino o ka iʻa.
ʻOiai ʻo ka discus akā he mea hōʻaiho, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo ʻo ia e ʻai i ka ʻai aʻai. He kūoʻaka ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pīpī wiwi wiwo ʻole e holo pololei me ka lolo no nā kahe koko a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o ka honu. Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka makemake i ka meaʻai maloʻo. ʻOi aku lākou ke kaulike a hōʻemi i ka wai ʻole. ʻO nā meaʻai momona a me nā hoʻohui e hiki ke waiho ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā maikaʻi a no kahi hoʻololi i kaʻai.
He aha kā ka ʻōpio e ʻai ai?
Kuhi: Discus i ke ʻano
ʻO ka papa nui o ka discus i loko o ka holoholona hihiu he:
- mea kanu o nā pua, nā hua a me nā lau. Nā huaʻai o nā mea kanu. (hana lākou i ka 45% o ka nui o ka ʻai iʻa)
- invertebrates e noho ana i ka wai (ma kahi o 6% o kaʻai)
- ʻO nā lolo kik Chironimidae,
- nā arthropod ʻano nui, ka hapanui o nā ʻanā liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma ka ʻāina a me ka lāʻau.
I ka manawa maloʻo ke loaʻa ʻole o nā mea kanu a me nā lāʻau lāʻau.
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ʻano iʻa me kēia ʻano:
- ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai he detritus (mea pilikino e loaʻa ana nā koena o nā invertebrates, decomposed bone a me nā mea kanu.
- mauʻano āpau ma nā ʻano,
- invertebrate mea ola e noho ana i ka wai a me nā mea kanu,
- nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā hū, nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Ke mālama nei i ka iʻa i ka pio ʻana, he paʻakikī ʻē aʻe e hoʻolaʻa i kēlā meʻa o ka iʻa;
- artina waikaa walii,
- tubulusidae tubule annulus,
- kai maloʻo
- nā wīwī (koko (kahe koko) o ka huaka.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki bipi keiki, hānai, squid, spinach leaf. Hāʻawi kekahi mau aquarist i nā lau kanu hou. Eia kekahi, ʻōlelo pono e hāʻawi i nā mea paʻakikī o nā huaʻai i kūʻai ʻia mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe pehea e mālama ai i ka discus i ka aquarium. E ʻike kāua e noho ana i ka iʻa ma ka hihiu.
Wikiō: Discus
Ma ka papa o ka noiʻi a Dr. Askelrod, aia kahi hoʻolaha ma ka paʻi "Tropical Fish Hobbyist," i ʻōlelo ai i kahi pākēnika symphysodon. I kēia puke hoʻopuka, ua hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia nā ʻano Symphysodon aequifasciata i hoʻokahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Aequifasciata i lawe ʻia mai loko mai o Latin e ʻā like, like, kū e pili ana i kahi kala like ʻole o ka iʻa o kēia ʻano. Ma kēia ʻano ʻano ʻula, kūlou ʻia nā kihi ʻeleʻele e kū ana ma ke kino o ka iʻa, i loko o nā iʻa o ka Hekkel subspecies.
No laila, i kēia paʻi paʻi, ua ʻike ʻo Kauka Axelrod i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o kēia ʻano.
- ʻO Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840 e pili ana i ka discus Heckel i loaʻa i ka 1840,
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin.
Aia ke ʻano o kēia ʻano
- Amber ʻōmaʻomaʻo,
- ʻulaʻulaʻula
- brown brown.
Ma hope mai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ka ʻepekema like ʻole e pili ana i ka paʻa ʻana o kāna noiʻi ma kēia wahi, i ka makahiki 1981, ma ka puke like ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopuka i kahi auhau hou hou o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo hoʻi ʻo Symphysodon discus Heckel me S. discus Heckel, a me S. discus willischwartzi Burgess. Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegri aofia a S. aequifasciata haraldi Schultz, S. aequifasciata Pellegrin, a me S. aequifasciata axelrodi Schultz.
Ma hope mai i 2006, ua noi mai nā kānaka ʻepekema mai Switzerland e hoʻonohonoho i kēia ʻano ʻano i loko o ʻekolu mau ʻano:
- ʻO Symphysodon discus heckell e pili ana i ka disc heckel,
- ʻO Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin i kēia ʻano, ua komo like 'ole' aila discus aequifasciata Pelegrin,
- S. tanzoo Lyons, kēia ʻano me ka pua ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻ S.lelo S. t. nā leona tanzoo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi ʻohi
ʻO Symphysodon discus he kino pakanaka paʻa. Ua hoʻoili nui ʻia ke kino ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo o ka iʻa. I nā kāne, ua ʻokoʻa loa ka pale mua o ke poʻo. Ma ke poʻo he mau maka convex liʻiliʻi. He haʻahaʻa loa nā fins ma ke kua a me ka peni anal, akā lōʻihi loa. He kue nani ka mania a me ka iʻa. Welina nā ʻala ma ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā ʻala a lōʻihi, lōʻihi nā wahi makamae i luna. ʻO ka ʻāpana nā ʻāpana like like me nā kala o ke kino. I ke kala o nā iʻa o kēia ʻano, he kumu hoʻohālikelike o nāʻaoʻao 9 pā. Ka kala o ka discus, like paha me kekahi o nā kala ʻalaniʻula, ke gula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā iʻa gula.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hiki i ke Discus ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kala, e pili ana i ko lākou kūlana. Hiki ke nānā ʻia nā ʻōkuhi o nā ʻano ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma ke kino o ka iʻa, a i ʻole ke kūpeʻe ʻia. Inā hopohopo ka iʻa, a i ʻole nā laina ākea o ka iʻa e hoʻōho, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a ʻo nā mea iʻoi aʻe ma ke ʻano he maikaʻi loa.
I ka wā kahakaha kāne, ʻike ʻoe i nā hua huʻa i kuhikuhi ʻia. I nā iʻa wahine o kēia ʻano, he ʻano ʻano ovipositor ka cone i ka wā o ka spawning. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moʻomeheu ma kēia ʻano o ka iʻa I ka pio, ka nui o ka pākeke o ka pākeke i hiki i 20-25 kenimika, a he nui nā kanaka keu o kēia ʻano i ʻike i ke ʻano.
ʻO ke ola o ka leʻaleʻa ma ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe mai 10 a 16 mau makahiki, akā naʻe, i ka pio, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ke kaanaki mau, a me nā kūlana ola i aloha mau ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mea hoʻopihapiha i hoʻolōʻihi i ka makahiki o ka iʻa. Akā maikaʻi lākou i nā hana kūlohelohe. He haka mālie kahi Discus. Lohi lākou. Ke hele mālie nei. Noho a ʻauʻau ma nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi.
Aia i hea ka noho ʻana.
Kiʻi ʻ Disclelo: Discus ma Amazon
ʻO kahi kahi o ka iʻa like ʻole o nā kahe kēlā ma ʻAmelika Hema. Hiki i nā ʻohana hipa discus ke loaʻa ma ka muliwai Amazon. Eia kekahi, loaʻa kēia mau ʻano i loko o nā wai o Kolombia, Venezuela, Brazil a me Peru.
ʻO ka muliwaiʻo Amazon he mau biotypes ʻano like ʻole, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa o ka makahiki. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā ua, ua kahe nā wai. Ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ke kahe ana o nā ʻāina nui.
I ka wā o nā kahe, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā kaila ma muli o nā lau o nā kumulāʻau, a me nā mea kanu i hoʻopuʻi ʻia. Ma ka pūnāwai, hāʻule ka wai, e hana ana i nā kahawai he nui a me nā wahi nūhou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. E lilo ka wai. I nā wahi kaawale, lilo ka muliwai e like me nā waikaʻe, ma ka pūnāwai ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wai. I kēlā mau wahi, he palupalu ka wai a loaʻa ka nui o ka wai. Aia ka wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. I kēlā mau kūlana, ola ka discus.
ʻO ka maʻamau ka koho o ka discus i kahi e noho ai ma kahi kokoke i ke kapakai hiki. Noho lākou i nā lulu waipala. I ka lalo aia kahi papala hohonu o nā lau. Hūlū huna a peʻe i ke mauʻu i waena o nā kahe a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, aia kahi iʻa o kēia mau ʻano. Ma nā muliwai nui, a i ka wai anuanu, ʻaʻole i noho ka iʻa nei, noho paʻa lākou i nā kaila liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka ʻōlamu maikaʻi. Mahalo i kēia kaʻawale, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻōhua like manu i hiki iā mākou ke nānā i kēia manawa.
A mahalo pū nō hoʻi kēia haʻalele, nā hana maʻamau o nā iʻa kula i hoʻomaka ʻia e ʻike ʻia. I hoʻokahi ʻohana hipa, ʻike ʻoe i hoʻokahi haneli mau haneli. Ma nā muliwai me ka holo wikiwiki o discus, aneane hiki ʻole ke hālāwai. Ua koho lākou i nā wahi mālie a noho malihini.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻOluʻolu mālie ka iʻa iʻa. He ʻano mālie lākou. Ke kūlohelohe nei lākou e noho nei i nā pā kaʻawale. Hiki i kēia ʻohana ke helu i nā haneli haneli o nā kānaka. ʻO nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa maʻamau ʻaʻole i kū mai i loko o kahi pā, koe wale nō ke hakakā nā kāne ma luna o kahi wahine. I kekahi manawa i ke ʻano o ka hānau ʻana, hiki ke hakakā ke kāne a me ka wahine ma waena o lākou. Inā i kēlā manawa ua ʻohi lākou i ka hua, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai ia.
ʻO ke kūlohelohe, noho ka iʻa ma nā wahi wai hoʻāla liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai me ka wai hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ka wai mahana a me nā wahi he nui no ka wahi. Paka kēia mau iʻa i nā leo nui a me nā neʻe wikiwiki. Hoʻopilikia ka koʻikoʻi i ka iʻa i ka maikaʻi, hoʻololi lākou i ko lākou kala, ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Ma kahi kokoke i Symphysodon discus ma ka leʻaleʻa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā iʻa e like me ka Cyclides o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, nā iʻa iʻa, nā iʻa, nā stingrays a me nā piranhas.
I ka ʻōlelo o ka pili i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ka discus, ʻaʻole i kū mai ka hakakā ʻana no ka ʻāina. ʻAe, a he nui nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e noho i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e ka disc ma muli o ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu loa a me ka wai maʻū. I ke ola maʻamau, noho ka iʻa ma ka ʻohana. Kahi mahele ʻole nā ʻohana like ʻole. I ka wā spawning, ua māhele ʻia nā iʻa i loko o nā wāwae i pili i ke kāne me ka wahine. Noho ka ʻala iʻa ma nā wahi wahi i waena o nā kumu wai i kanu ʻia a me nā mea kanu like ʻole.
I ka hoʻopio ʻia, mālama pinepine ʻia kēia mau iʻa i loko o nā hale ʻai nui. Mālama ka ʻike o nā ʻano āpau i nā hoa noho, akā ʻaʻole i hiki i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ke hele me lākou ma muli o ko lākou thermophilicity. He mea pono ʻole ia e kanu i ka discus me ka angelfish a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, inā ʻole, hiki i ka angelfish ke hoʻomaka e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou a wāwahi i nā pua o ka lewa hoʻomaha.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Blue Discus
Loaʻa i ka iʻa Discus kahi kūlana ʻenehana kūpono. ʻO lākou ke kula i ka iʻa. Kūpono lākou i nā pālua. Holo ka loko mai ka lua o ke ola o ke ola. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka spawning i nā wahi i neʻe ʻia i waena o nā snags, nā aʻa kanu. I hoʻomākaukau no ka spawning, hoʻomākaukau ka iʻa i kahi no ke pāʻani. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka pōhaku, meʻa a i ʻole lau o ka mea kanu.
Kūpono ka matika Discus i ka pōʻeleʻele. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine nā pāʻani pāʻani ʻole. ʻO Caviar, aia ka maʻamau ma kahi o ʻelua haneli hua, waiho ʻia i kahi subostat hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hoʻomehana, mālama ke kāne i ka pāʻani. Loaʻa i kahi Discus kahi ʻano makua. ʻO Caviar a me ka pākī pālua e kiaʻi pono i kā lākou keiki.
ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha: ʻoiai ke mālama pono nei ka ʻaha discus i kāna hua, hiki i nā mea hana ke ʻai iā ia iho ma lalo o kahi mau kaumaha i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka caviar iʻa.
Hoʻomaka ka Fry i ka huki mai i nā hua ma hope o nā lā ʻekolu. I ka manawa a ikaika ka palaoa, aia pū nā mākua me lākou a hānai iā lākou. ʻO ka ʻōwili Discus kahi kala ʻolihi, hiki ʻole ke kala ʻia. E lilo nā kala e pili kokoke ana i ke kolu o ke ola o ke kō. Hoʻomoe ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa o nā iʻa i ka ʻakena ma ke kūlana kūikawā. ʻO ka wai no ka iʻa i ka wā o ka spawning e pono i ka mahana o ka 30 paona.
He mea nui ia ʻole nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ma ka aquarium, pinepine ka huina i pā ʻia no ka hakilima i loko o kahi pākeke ʻē aʻe ʻole ka lepo, akā aia kahi wahi no ka hoʻolei hua. Pepe, mau pōhaku, nā grottoes like ʻole. ʻO ka pīpī i mālama ʻia ma ka aquarium e hoʻomaka ana mai ka lā 6 i hānai ʻia me ka lepo ola. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻololi ʻia kahi hapa o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana i nā mākua o ka uala, ua hoʻololi ʻia.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kuhi: Kōkua Kunu
He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Discus. ʻO ka ʻenemi pio discus i hoʻokahi helu hoʻoili uila. Aloha nui ʻo ia e ʻahaʻaina i kēia iʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻenemi nui a me nā iʻa ikaika. Ma muli o kona ʻano akahai a me ka pīhoihoi, hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke hōʻeha i nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻAi maikaʻi lākou i ka ʻai, hiki i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ke ʻai i ka discus, ʻoiai ke ʻano like ʻole nā discus e noho like ʻole i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hoʻonoho.
ʻO nā iʻa e like me ka locaria, a me nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole i aloha ʻia i ka pāʻina waiū i hūnā ʻia e ka discus.I ka wā hoʻomaha, hōʻeha lākou i ka discus i make ai ka iʻa. Eia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ke kaiāulu me nā scalars a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hōʻeha iā lākou a wāwahi i nā pala.
Ma kahi o nā iʻa, ʻaʻole nei e noho maʻamau i nā home discus, ʻike ʻia ka iʻa maikaʻi nei e nā maʻi a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ma ke kai kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole maʻi nā discus discs, akā i loko o nā kūlana o ka aquarium, hiki i kēia mau lāʻau nani ke maʻi.
ʻO nā maʻi nui o ka discus i pio.
- hexamitosis. Hōʻano ʻia ia me ka hōʻole ʻole o ka meaʻai. Hoʻololi i nā mea fecal. E mālama ʻia e ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka mahana i ka wai i loko o ka mea kanu,
- kahi maʻi e hoʻoiho ʻia e nā bacteria Flexibacter columnaris, i ka manawa i hoʻopili ʻia nā huikui e kēia mau bakona, aia ka emi ʻana o ka makemake, paʻakikī ka hanu a me ka pohō ʻana i ka kala. Hoʻohana ʻia ka maʻi me ka hopena o ka Levomycetin.
ʻO kekahi ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe o ka discus e hoʻololi i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. He thermophilic ka ʻaʻa Discus, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka pākeke ikaika. Pono lākou i ka wai me ka wai maʻemaʻe me ka palupalu nui a me ka wai i loko o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i ka iʻa ke neʻe i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu loa, i loko o ka pākeke me ka hoʻonui nui a i ʻole ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka wela, hiki i kēia ʻano iʻa me ke kahaha, a hiki iā lākou ke make wale nō.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kiʻi ʻohi
Ma muli o ko lākou nani, ʻohi ʻia kēia iʻa. A mai kahi makahiki a emi aʻe ko lākou heluna. No ka aloha nui ʻia i kēia mau iʻa e nā aquarist a puni ka honua, ua kiʻi pinepine ʻia lākou e haehae aku iā lākou mai ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe. I ka manawa like, nui nā hua i make. I kēia lā, ua kākau inoa ʻia nā ʻano discus Symphysodon i loko o ka Red Red Book. Pēlā nō i ka loli, ke hoʻohemo ʻana i nā wai wai kahi e noho ai ka iʻa. Ua loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano i ke kūlana o nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli ma muli o ka hoʻoluhi nui ʻana. Kipi ʻia ka iʻa o kēia ʻanoʻano e ke kānāwai ma nā ʻāina he nui.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I nā hebedoma mua loa, ʻo ka ʻai palaoa ka mea huna i huna ʻia e ka ʻili o nā mākua. Nū hū ʻia kēia lihi i ka ʻili o nā mea hana ʻelua. Hū koke ka lūlū ma luna o kekahi o nā mākua, hele ka lua o ka makua a ʻānai i ka hua. ʻO kekahi manawa, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole kū i ka hua mai nā iʻa a nā mākua, a laila make ka hua. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻolapalapa i ka palaoa i kēia manawa i kēia makahiki.
ʻO Discus, kahi i kūʻai ʻia i kēia manawa, nā iʻa i hānau ʻia ma ka hoʻopio. I nā'āina he nui, ua kīpī ʻia nā discus i loko o nā hale waihona kūlohelohe, nā loko a me nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā ʻano waiwai. I kēia manawa, ma Brazil, hana ʻia ʻo Tumukumake Nature Reserve ma nā kapa o Amazon, kahi e nui ai nā kahawai, loko, a me nā wai wai, e lilo ai i wahi kūlohelohe kūloko.
Pahu pale
Kuhi: Discus mai ka Red Red Book
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, ua kākau ʻia ka ʻikepili i loko o ka Puke Hoʻo Nui honua, a ʻo kēia ʻano o ke ʻano o "nā ʻano ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o ka luku, ma muli o ka hopu pinepine ʻana." Ua pāpā ʻia ʻole nā ʻina ʻano o kekahi ʻano e ke kānāwai ma Pasila, Belgium, ʻAmelika Hema.
I kēia lā, ma nā kapa o ka muliwai o Amazon, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi wahi mālama - ʻo ka Tumukumake Nature Reserve. Ma kēia māla, mālama nā kino wai āpau i hāʻule i ka paka ma ka paka. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana ma loko o lākou, ʻaʻohe hale kūʻai a me nā alanui e kokoke ana i ka paka. A ma loko o kēia mau wahi noho mana i noho wale ʻia. Eia kekahi, i Iapana a me kekahi mau'āina ʻē aʻe, e ulu ana nā ʻano Symphysodon discus i lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā iʻa i kēia manawa e kūʻai aku nei e hoʻopili ʻia e nā aquarist akamai. I loko o nā mea kanu, hana maikaʻi kēia ʻano a me nā ola no kahi he ʻumi mau makahiki, i hoʻolako ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia nā koi pono a pau no lākou. ʻO ka iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke pio ʻana he ʻano neon hanohano, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana o ka aquarium ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau hānai.
I mea e mālama ai i kēia iʻa iʻa nani, pono e mālama pono kekahi kanaka i ke ʻano. No ka hooki ʻana i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, ʻaʻole e hoʻohoka i nā kino wai e kūkulu i nā keʻena lāʻau i nā ʻoihana i hāʻule ʻole nā mea i ka wai.
Hola ʻo ke aliʻi no nā mea wai ʻole i makemake ʻia, no ka mea ʻoniʻoni ʻona e aloha lākou i nā poʻe. Ke ʻike nei i kahi ʻohana ʻōpala o kahi wai, a i ʻole ka hale hoʻonaʻauao, ʻoluʻolu mākou, mai ka nani i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano. Akā, ke kanaka, akā, no ka loaʻa kālā, aneane hoʻopau loa i kēia mau mea kuʻina. E hoʻomālamalama hou aku i ke ʻano a me ka mea e hāʻawi mai ai iā mākou, a e mālama mākou i kēia iʻa nani i ʻike ʻia e nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Maʻi maʻi
Ehia ka noho ʻana. Inā mālama ʻia kēia iʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i ka 15 ola ke hiki i nā makahiki 15! ʻO ke koʻikoʻi, ʻoi ʻole ka hana, ke kū ʻole ʻole i nā ʻāpana wai e hoʻopalike i ke ola o ka iʻa, a me ka maʻi.
Hoʻolima ʻia ka iʻa i nā maʻi āpau i hiki ke loaʻa. ʻO kēia no ka palupalu nāwaliwali a me nā pilikia paʻakikī o ka paʻa ʻana, e maʻalahi ke wāwahi. Hoʻopilikia ka meaʻai maikaʻi i nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū, pale a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa. ʻO nā leʻaleʻa o nā leʻalima, nā pua, nā huaʻai - nā mea nona ka discus, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio, e hālāwai me kēia mau mea a pau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i nā maʻi me nā lāʻau maʻamau mai ka hale kūʻai holoholona. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā iʻa āpau ke ola i kekahi o nā maʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma mua o ka mālama ʻana: mai hānai i nā meaʻai ola (akā wale nō), mai hāʻawi i ka meaʻai mai nā kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia a mai kanu i ka iʻa me ka wai ʻole.
ʻAno e hoʻokū
Kuhi i kahi ʻohana o nā pale huki i ka lehulehu ma waena o ka pākui. Aia ke ʻike ʻana kekahi o ka pahuhopu i ka pōpilikia, holo nui ka ʻohana holo a puni. Holo wikiwiki lākou i puka mai laila aku i ka wā i hala aku ai ka pōʻino, a hōʻuluʻulu hou i ka waena. Maʻalahi ke ʻole o nā leʻaleʻa i ka wikiwiki, hoʻololi i ke kūlana (kauʻau i ka papahele a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma lalo ʻaʻole kahi punahele punahele) Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā monotony e nā aquarist: hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo lōʻihi i nā mea nani a me nā mea hoʻonani. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ka aquarium i ka home a i loko paha o ke keʻena i ka ʻoluʻolu i ka nānā ʻana i ka iʻa. No laila, ua kūpono ka "debater" ma kēia manaʻo.
E like me ka hoʻokalakupua ʻana, ma ka poʻomanaʻo, hiki i ka discus ke hui pū me nā iʻa maluhia āpau. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻonā ʻia nei lākou me nā scalars, e hoʻoili ai i ka circularity o ka discus me nā puka triangular koʻikoʻi. Inā noho ka iʻa ma loko o ka hale momona kūlohelohe, ua hui pū ʻia mai ka wā kamaliʻi a ua like lākou me ka like me ka nui, a laila no laila. Akā naʻe, noho maikaʻi nā hoa noho maikaʻi o ka discus. ʻO ke kumukūʻai he nui mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o ka poʻe āu e hiki ai ke kamaʻāina. A inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka discus ke hōʻole i kēlā mau kala, he mea hilahila ʻaʻole wale no nā iʻa nani, akā no ka kālā i hoʻolilo ʻia.
ʻO Somiki kahi koho maikaʻi e hōʻola hou i ka aquarium. Aia ko lākou wahi o ka lalo o ka mea i loko o ke kaakona, a hiki pinepine nā poʻe hele ma laila. ʻO ka iʻa ʻole kēia iʻa i ka iʻa.
ʻAlo maoli
ʻO Discus kahi iʻa kū maoli e kū mai ma ka Amazon. Loaʻa nā holoholona hihiu i Brazil, Peru a me Colombia. E makemake nui ka iʻa i ka hoʻolulu haʻahaʻa ʻana i nā wai wai paʻakai a i ʻole ka wai waikawa, aia ʻole nā microorganism e hoʻopōʻino iā ia. ʻO ka ʻohi o nā lehelehe ka mea e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma nā pale kapakai, e hūnā ana i nā mea wīwī i loko o nā aʻa i holoi ʻia ai nā kumulāʻau ʻO ka mahana wai kūpono no lākou he 26-31 ⁰С, ʻoiai i loko o ka wai pāpū hiki i ka 35 ⁰⁰. E koho nui ana ʻo Cichlids i nā kino wai me ka lalo o kahi one a i ʻole ʻia ka lau me nā lau kahiko.
Lāhea
ʻO kēia mau poʻomanaʻo o ka ʻohana cichlid he mau ʻokoʻa kūlike o ka wahine i ʻike wale i ka manawa spawning. ʻO nā lehele mānoʻo nā kāne a he lae nunui.
Ke ulu nui nei lākou, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻikina i mau pālua. Hoʻouna lākou i ka hoʻokaʻawale. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua ma nā lau ākea o nā mea kanu a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua. Mai ka nānā ʻana aku i ka 200-300 pīpī, kahi e hānai i ka manawa mua me ka ʻili huna kino mai nā ʻaoʻao o ko lākou mau mākua. Aia kekahi wā i lilo ʻole ai kēia palupalu. A laila aia ma waena o ka iʻa ʻāʻelemakule he hakakā e pili ana i ka pono o ka hānai iā lākou, ma ke ʻano o ka pīkī e hiki ke ʻai ʻia. I mea e pale ai iā lākou, kau lākou i nā ʻupena e hiki ai i ka lawaiʻa, a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā iʻa ʻelemakule e ʻai ʻia iā lākou.
Noho iho ka iʻa. Ua hānai lākou me ka hua manu a me ka artemia. ʻO nā kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama o ka poʻe'ōpio ka ʻai maʻamau no ka ulu like ʻana a me ka loli wai ʻana i ka manawa.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hānai ʻana me ka pāʻauwai hiki ke alakaʻi i ka kaʻe o ka ola kino o kēia mau iʻa.