ʻO nā loina he mau kānaka like maʻamau o ko mākou mau wai wai wai me he mau loko wai, akā ma nā ʻano he nui ʻē aʻe o lākou ma ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana.

ʻO ka pūpū o ka coil, he ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, he ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka loko: i loko o ka loko, ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ʻo ka paona pākeke he 80% o ke kaumaha o ke kino, a ʻo nā mahele haʻalulu he 20%, aʻo ka mea coil he 91% a me nā ʻāpana palupalu, ma kēlā me kēia, ʻo 9% wale nō. He kohu kaila ʻo ka hua māla, neʻe ke ʻala a nā curls i hoʻokahi mokulele a ʻaʻole i hoʻokiʻu ma luna o ka waha. ʻO nā pinepine pinepine e mālama ʻia i nā koina me ka iʻa. ʻAʻole kanu ke kō i ke anuanu ka nui o ke kahe, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke pulupulu ma ka ka wai o ka wai. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka ʻili, i ka hana iki ʻana i kēia mau mollusks i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā holoholona holoholona.

No nā kime ka pili ʻana i nā pulropary pulima a loaʻa nā limu nui loa. Kokoke nā paia o ka ʻōpū o kahi coil curled (Anisus vortex) a ma o lākou lā hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi mālamalama a puʻuwai e kokoke ana ma laila. Loaʻa ka lihilihi o kahi coil curl e 7-8 mau ʻihi. Ina e ana, ke ana ana i ka loa o na revolutions, e hoonui i ka palaka i keia coil, o kona loa he 75 milimita, a me ka loa o ka pulima 42 milimili, i.e. oi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka ʻōpū holoʻokoʻa. Noho ʻia e nā mea kanu o nā kukuna liʻupaʻu liʻiliʻi - i loko o nā kahu wai, i loko o nā loko wai - nā ʻuʻi liʻiliʻi i ea i ka ea hau, e kū ana i ka wai o ka wai a wehe i kahi lua i ka pūpū. Akā i loko o ka loko i loaʻa i kekahi manawa lākou i ka hohonu o 2-5 mika. Mai kēia hohonu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻōnohi ke ala no ka hanu i ka wai o ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻopiha i nā ʻōpū o kēia mau piʻu i ka wai, a emi wale ka oxygen mai ka wai i loko o nā kīʻaha koko e paʻa ai i ka ʻōpū.

Hoʻopili i kahi pūpili, he hāmeʻa kahi hāmeʻa e lawe ʻia ai ka hanu: hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaula ma ka lihi o kahi mantle cochlear, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā moku a me nā hana he luahe. ʻUlaʻulaʻula nā koko ma muli o nā ʻike o hemoglobin.

I ka hoʻoilo, ma lalo o ka hau, ʻaʻole e kolo ke kuʻi e like me ka loko, akā ke waiho ʻana, kanu ʻia i loko o ka ulaula, i kiʻi ʻia i loko o ka lua. He wā maoli kēia ʻo ka wā a pau ke kaʻina o ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka puʻuwai o ka "hiamoe" coil e hoʻoulu i ka manawa 3-4 i hoʻokahi minuke, a ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau - 25-30 mau manawa.

ʻO ka heleʻana o kahi gill lua i loko o ke kāla, ka hemoglobin, e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ke kao o ka hāmeʻe o ka oxygen e ke koko, hiki ke hanu me ke kōkua o kahi ʻōpū piha i ka wai e hiki ai iā ia ke hilinaʻi ma ka nui o ka wai ma mua o ka loko. I ka wai o ka wai 15-16 degere, hele ka loko i ka wai i ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o kāna mau māmā i ka 13%, a me ke kōpala ma mua o kēia emi e hāʻule i ka 4%. No laila, emi liʻiliʻi nā pala e piʻi i ka papa o nā loko.

I ka wai anuanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke kau ʻana o ka waha o ka pū ma ka lalo me kahi puʻupuʻu nui o ka ea pulmonary ma ka waha o ka conch, i kuʻi ʻia mai ka puka o ka hanu. ʻO ka ea o ka pūpū, hoʻohuihui i ka oxygen mai nā wai e hoʻopuni ana, e hanu hou a huki ʻia i ka lua o ka pūlima e kahi coil.

Ke Kuhi Kahuli

ʻO nā kaula, e like me ka hapanui o nā gastropod mollusks, he mau mea ola bisexual, akā he hui like ko kā lāua moeʻuhane. No laila, ʻaʻole ka palena nā waha o ka pūlima hua manu. ʻO ka ʻaka o nā hua ma ka puʻu lākiu e like me ka pancake a i ʻole kahi elongated flat cake, e hui ʻia ana me kahi kaula pālua, a he 45-70 mau hua melemele i kāwele ʻia i loko o kahi mānoanoa gelatinous. Hoʻopili nā holoholona i ka masonry i ka lalo o nā lau o nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā ​​mea paʻakikī ʻē aʻe. Iʻelua mau pule ma hope mai, e puka mai nā snail ʻōpio mai nā hua.

He mea maʻamau nā coils ma loko o Lūkia.

Nā wai ʻona

ʻO nā iʻa āpau i ʻike i ka ʻepekema, aia ma kahi o 41% mau ʻano he nui i loko o ka wai wai. I waena o lākou he mau ʻano anadromous (migratory) e noho ana i ke kai, akā ʻai wale i ka wai i loko o ka wai, no ka laʻana, ke kime a me ka puaʻa. ʻO nā iʻa catadromous kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, aia ma kahi i ka wai paʻakai, a hoʻi lākou i ko lākou mau kahawai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o kēia kaelele wai - he iʻa ʻano hihi me ka ʻili nahesa.

Akā aia kekahi mau ʻano wai maoli, ka mea o kekahi hapa o ka paʻakai i ka wai e lilo i mea make, no ka laʻana, ka ʻula o ka iʻa o Lake Baikal - ka Baikal omul a me ka burbot - ʻo ia wale nō ka wai waiū o ka wae-like. He aha nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e noho nei i ka wai hou?

He ʻano kai ʻai i ʻike ʻia e nā kānaka a pau, ka heroine o nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao. Ua mālama ʻia nā pōkā o ke kahe Heilbronn kaulana i loko o ka hale pule o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mannheim. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hopu ʻia ka mōʻī o Kelemānia Frederick II i kēia pila i ka hāʻule ʻana o 1230, kani a kani a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Loaʻa ka iʻa i ka 1497, i ka wā i ulu ai a hiki i 5.7 m!

ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi paila ma lalo o ka wai.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā wai wai

He aha nā wai kūlohelohe o kāu wai? Malia paha he mau kino kūlohelohe o ka wai: he muliwai, he loko, he kahawai (Fig. 1-3).

Kuhi. 2. Arakul Lake (Source)

A i ʻole mea hoʻonaninani: ke loko, kahi ʻulaʻi wai, kahi kēne (Fig. 4-6).

Kuhi. 5. Mākele

ʻO nā mea hou, hoʻonaninani, kūlohelohe, hoʻonani ʻia kā mākou ʻāina, e ʻoluʻolu iā mākou me kona nani. ʻO ka wai wai mākou e lawe ai i ka wai, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ʻole iā mākou ke hana i loko o nā lā a pau a i ʻole hana. I loko o nā loko i ʻauʻau ai, e pulupulu i ka ʻaoʻao ma hope, hele i ka wai ma nā moku, nā ala lawe. ʻO ka mea nui o nā wai wai i ke kūlohelohe he nui. ʻO ka wai wai ka mea nui o ka noho nui ʻana o ke kanaka ma ka Honua, a no nā holoholona e noho ana i ka wai, ʻo ia wale nō ka hale. I ka wai, aia nā mea āpau e pono ai no ke ola: ka mālamalama, wela, ka ea a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā minima.

Nā mea kanu wai

He aha nā mea kanu e ulu ai a he aha nā holoholona e noho nei i ka wai hou? I ka manawa hoʻokahi i loko o ka wai i ka manawa mahana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēlā poʻe kamaʻāina e noho ana i ka lewa. Akā ka ola ma nā wahi a pau o ka loko: mai ke kahakai, a ma ka alo, a me ka pou wai, ma lalo loa a ma lalo. Ma nā kapa o nā loko e ʻike ʻoe i nā lau a me nā kumu o nā ʻohe, ʻohe, puʻupuʻu, arrowhead. Mālama ka papa pāpū i kēia mau mea kanu e hoʻopili i lalo o ka loko. I ka hohonu hohonu, ulu kahi lī wai keʻokeʻo, kahi pahu liʻiliʻi hua liʻiliʻi (Fig. 7, 8). Ma luna o ka pae pae wai e pua ai nā pua a me nā lau ākea.

Kuhi. 7. Ke paʻila wai keʻokeʻo (Source)

Kuhi. 8. puaʻa puaʻa (Source)

Pehea i hoʻohālikelike ai kēia mau mea kanu i ke ola i ka lepo maloʻo nui, kahi ma kahi aneane ole oxygen? Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻoka, nā pua, a me ka pōpiki, a laila hiki ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kahawai o nā lewa e kū i nā kumu o kēia mau mea kanu (Fig. 9, 10).

Aia nā ala wai ma nā lau a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka lī wai keʻokeʻo a me ka pahu melemele o ka petiole hua o ka lau a me ka peduncle, kahi e noho ai nā pua, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā alawai, nā mea e pono ai ka oxygen i nā hanu. ʻO ka huliki i kahi pua, hōʻino kekahi kanaka i ka lāʻau āpau. Hoʻomaka ka wai i loko o kahi a pala i ka mea kanu, alakaʻi kēia i ka pala o ka ʻōpū o lalo o ka wai a, ma ka hopena o ka make o ka mea kanu.

ʻO ka mauʻu ʻōiwi i pulu ʻia i ke ʻano o nā papa lāʻau liʻiliʻi e kahe ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaila, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo me nā aʻa, a me nā algae ʻōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka wai wai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ma lalo o kahi mikroscope. Akā ke hāʻawi nei ko lākou helehelena i ka wai o ka wai. I ka manawa o ka nui o lākou i loko o ka loko, ua ʻuliuli lā ka wai o nā wai.

ʻO nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona

He aha ka hana a nā mea kanu i ke ola o nā kānaka lehulehu o nā wai wai? ʻO ka mea mua, lawe nā lāʻau ʻona i ke kalapona mai ka lewa ma lalo o ka mana o ka lā, a hoʻokuʻu i ka oxygen i ka wai e pono ai no ka ʻaha ʻana o nā holoholona a pau. ʻO ka lua, nā manu, nā amphibians, nā pepeke a me kā lākou ulima, loaʻa ka iʻa a me ka ʻai i nā mākeke o ka puʻu. ʻO nā holoholona ma nā hale kōkoʻo i nā wahi a pau: ma ka pae a ma ka kolamu wai, ma kahakai, ma lalo, ma nā mea kanu aku. ʻO nā pilina nui ma waena o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu ka meaʻai. Maanei holo koke ka ʻāeʻe ʻana o ka wai i ka wai o ka wai a me ka mea i hoʻomake ma luna o nā makika a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.

ʻO kā lākou mau wāwae lōʻihi ma lalo o kahi i uhi ʻia me ka momona, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻopaʻa ai ka wai iā lākou. A ma luna o nā mea kanu wai e ola ai: he loko a me ke koʻi (Fig. 12, 13).

Me ka wai ʻole e hiki ke noho ka muliwai

ʻAʻole wai e hiki ke kahawai? Kekahi liʻiliʻi nā loko o ka loko, nā daphnia a me nā kaulina, ke ola a me ka hoʻoilo i ka wai. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o lākou ma mua o ke komma ma ka puke (Fig. 14, 15).

ʻO ka mea nui kupanaha e pili ana i ka daphnia, ʻo kona makika lōʻihi. Hōʻalo lākou i kā lākou mauʻu, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i lalo, mai ka wai a kū aku. Loaʻa ia mau maka ʻōlima i mua o ka maka.

ʻAʻole hiki i kahi awa ke ola me nā lau ʻole, no ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou i ka wai mai nā huehue a ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka, nā ʻeleʻele mau a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, inā ʻaʻole no nā crustaceans, e hele koke ka wai me lākou. ʻO ka Daphnia a me nā Mea Pilikia, e like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka muliwai, e hānai i kēia mau mea, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka wai. ʻO lākou iho lākou e lilo i meaʻai no ka pīpī o ka iʻa, nā mollusks, nā ʻōpala, nā ululāʻau pepeke.

Nā Koleki

Noho paha kekahi kanaka ma ka muliwai me ke poʻo ʻole? ʻO kēia mau mollusks, nā niho a me ka hoʻopilikia.

ʻO ka mua, ʻo ka kulu, ka mea o nā papa ʻelua ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hoʻopunipuni, a laila e wehe iki kona mauʻu a lele ka wāwae i waho, ʻaʻole pulu nā mea palu ʻole a me ka pala pipi. E hoʻolōʻihi ia i ka wāwae ʻole a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke one, e neʻe ka lua. Naʻe keiki e neʻe i 2-3 mau kenimika, hoʻomaha - a hou i ke ala. No laila hele ʻo ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai. ʻO nā mea hōʻuluʻulu manu e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻai a me ka lewa mai ka wai. E wehe mālie ke kāpili ʻana a hoʻomaka e huki i loko o ka wai, a laila kiola aku ia. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka wai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi loa, hāʻule lākou i loko o ka pūpū, no laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea palu ʻole iā lākou me nā mea hana kūikawā. ʻO ka hanu a me ka ʻai ʻana, a i ka manawa like i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka wai. A hana nō hoʻi ka palaoa. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kēlā me kēia lā i kahi ma kahi o 40-50 lita o ka wai. ʻO ka huaʻai, nā mea ʻeke o nā pepeke, ʻoki ʻia ka iʻa e ka iʻa, ka ʻōpala, nā pale, nā kīpī. ʻO ka manu ʻōlio e ʻai ana ma luna o nā mea inikua, me ka ʻuʻuku hoʻi, ʻawaʻawa, nā ʻōpala. ʻAi ʻia ka baki ma nā ʻāpana kahawai o nā wai wai, ʻo ka mea nui nā mea lele lele, a ʻo lākou iho ka meaʻai no nā mea hou a me ka iʻa hoʻoneʻe, perch a me nā pike. Nā ʻoni, nā seagulls, kingfisher iʻa i ka iʻa a me nā mea hou.

Ola ke ola

ʻO ka meaʻai nui no ka maʻi ʻaila ka mea kanu. Akā ʻoluʻolu nui ʻo ia i nā holoholona, ​​me nā koena o nā holoholona make. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ka crayfish i nā ʻōpū o nā loko.

Ke hoʻololi nei ka Crayfish i ko lākou ola i ka pana. Hoʻomaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū o nā naʻau crayfish, e neʻe mua i nā maka ma luna o nā lālā milo a he nui o lākou, 3000, nā maka liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi pōkole o nā antennae pōkole ke ʻano o ke ʻano manuahi, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ka mea e pili ai ka pā. Inā hopu ʻia kahi mea nāna e hānai i kahi maʻi maʻi ma ka claw, a laila ʻoki ka maʻi kanesa a hūnā i ka lua. A ulu mahele hema e ulu hou. Pono ka Crayfish i ka pāʻai wai, no laila, ma nā wahi i loaʻa ai lākou, ke kamaʻilio nei lākou e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka aila o nā kino wai.

ʻO ke kikowaena hoʻokahi

Pono nā dragonflies i ka wai, no ka mea, ʻo kā lākou lolo wale nō ke noho i laila. ʻAʻole ʻano like nā ʻōleʻaleʻa me nā dragonflies makua, hoʻokahi wale nō ko lākou mau maka. Nīkona kēlā me kēia maka i kokoke i 30,000 mau maka liʻiliʻi.

Kuhi. 19. ʻflylelo Mūkini (Source)

Nānā nā maka ʻelua, i hiki i nā dragonfly ke nānā i nā manawa a pau. He manu hihiu nā kaona āpau, ʻimi lākou i ka lewa, hopu lākou i nā mea ʻino ma luna o ka lele.

Kuhi. 20. ʻO nā maka o kahi manu lele (Source)

Pānuʻu manu, keʻa ʻana i ka lehelehe, e hoʻolei i ka lehelehe haʻahaʻa loa. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā lehelehe a uhi i ke poʻo e like me ka mask. Hoʻopiʻi ka larva i ka wai i loko o kahi ʻāpana muscular nui i loko o ke kino, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia iā ia me ka ikaika. Puka i kahi pana wai. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ma hope o 3, hele ka ʻalā i ka maka, ka ʻūhā ʻana o ka ʻili larva, a puka ʻia mai kahi ʻōpio. E noho no ia i nā hola he nui, e pālahalaha i kona mau ʻēheu a lele lele.

ʻO wai ka mea noho i kahi puna o kahi wai? Inā ʻoe e nānā ma loko o ka mikroscope, he honua nani o nā mea ʻole e wehe. Eia kahi kikoʻowai aneane e loli i ka wā āpau - he amoeba.

Hoʻohālikelike nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā kāmaʻa liʻiliʻi, no laila e kapa ʻia lākou. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ka kāmaʻa me ka cilia, no kēlā me kēia mākaukau ke hoʻopaʻa i kēia cilia a lele koke.

ʻO nā Trumpeter ka noho maikaʻi o ka puna, uliuli, uliuli, like like me nā pua puaʻa.

Ke neʻe mālie nei nā mea Trump. Inā hoʻoweliweli kekahi mea iā lākou, a laila piʻi a like lākou me nā pōpō. ʻO nā Amoebas, nā kāwili a me nā blowers he mau mea ʻākena-celled ʻelua e hānai ana i nā mea make.

Noho nā mea kanu i kahi hāʻule o ka wai. Ua hana ʻia kēia.

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ia ma mua o kahi kāmaʻa, ʻaʻole ia wale ke kaua wiwo ʻole iā ia, akā, e me ka luku wale, e like me ka pōpō.

Ua hui pū ʻia nā mea kanu, nā holoholona a me nā mea make i loko o kahi wai wai; ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi lākou a pau i ke ola i ka wai a hoʻopili ʻia e nā kaulahao meaʻai. Ke make ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ​​ʻohi lākou i lalo o nā hale kō, ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā huapapa, ua luku ʻia a hoʻohuli ʻia i loko o nā paʻakai, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. He kaiāulu kaiāulu.

Hoʻāla manaʻo

I kēia lā i ke haʻawina, ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo hou e pili ana i ka wai kai wai i mea ʻano kai waiwai a hui pū me nā kānaka ona.

Kuhikuhina

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. Ka puni honua 3. - M.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. ʻO ka honua a puni 3. - M .: Kauʻa Pūnaewele "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. Ka puni honua 3. - M .: E hoʻonaʻauao.

Hoʻohui hou ʻia nā ʻike pūnaewele pūnaewele aʻe

Kuhiwuhi

1. ʻO ka wai wai āu e ʻike ai?
2. Hiki ke aha nā holoholona i ʻike i loko o nā loko wai?
3. No ke aha i ʻōlelo ʻia ai he kaiāulu kūlohelohe kekahi?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi hewa a i ʻole kahi laha i haki ʻia, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike iā mākou - e hana i kāu hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana.

Pēlā ʻo Mollusk

He kinikini ʻo ka huelo ma ke koʻi, aia nā curl katoa i ka mokulele hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻāla ʻia ma luna o ka waha.

Inā maloʻo ka laula, ʻo ka nui o kona ʻāpana e 80%, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā palupalu palupalu e hoʻokumu wale ana i ka 20% wale nō, akā ʻo ke kōpili he 91%, a ʻo ke kaupaona o ke kino holoʻokoʻa he 9% wale nō.

Kūʻai pinepine, nā kākena i mālama ʻia i nā ʻāpana me ka iʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻōpala ma mua o ka wai, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou ʻike i ka holo ʻana o ka wai o ka wai. ʻAʻole nui ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili o ka ʻili i loko o lākou, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā holoholona pond.

ʻO nā hua kaula he pulropary pulmonary, ʻo ia ka mea he māla nui. ʻAkaka like ke kolo o nā lāli, no laila ʻike maopopo ʻia ka pūpū a me ka puʻuwai ma hope e ʻike ʻia ma loko o laila. ʻ formspīpika ka puka ʻana o 7 mau curls. Inā ʻoe e ana i ka lōʻihi o nā ʻōlaʻi o ka popo, a laila o ko lākou lōʻihi ka 75 ninini, aʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pūpū he 42 milimita, ʻo ia ka mea e noho ana i ka hapa nui o ke kino o ka mollusk.

Kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā kohu ma nā mea kanu.

ʻ .lelo Hoʻolāleʻa

Noho nā coils ma waena o nā ululāʻau kai liʻiliʻi, a hānū lākou i ka ea o ke ea, no laila ke piʻi ʻana lākou i ka ʻā o ka wai a wehe i ko lākou hanu. ʻOiai ka hapanui o kēia mau pīhoihoi i loko o nā loko liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻīwī, hiki ke loaʻa hoʻi ma nā loko, ma kahi hohonu o 2-5 mau mika. Mai kēia hohonu he paʻakikī iā lākou ke ala i ka wai o ka wai. He kaona piha hapalua piha nā mea noho, hoʻopuka lākou i ka oxygen mai ka wai, i komo i loko o nā kīʻaha koko, e hoʻopuni ana i ka pūʻulu me kahi pūnaewele paʻa.

He pūnaehana ʻē aʻe o ke koʻokoʻo - ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mika ua hoʻopuni ʻia e nā moku, e lawelawe ana i ka punawai kekona. ʻUlaʻula ʻia ke koko o kēia mau piʻu, no ka mea loaʻa nā hemoglobin.

Aia ʻo Hemoglobin i ke koko o kēia mau mollusks.

I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole e ʻai nā kola e like me nā loko wai, akā hoʻopukapuka i loko o ka pala a i ʻole ia i huki ʻia i loko o ka lua.ʻO ia, hāʻule nā ​​coils i ka hibernation, a lohi i kā lākou ola a pau. I ka wā hānau, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ko lākou puʻuwai i 3-4 mau minuke i kēlā me kēia mau manawa, ʻoiai ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau e kākā ana ma kahi o 25-30 mau manawa.

Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huaʻai he gill lua, hemoglobin, hiki ke hanu e hoʻohana ana i ka hapalua o ka pūpū i piha i ka wai, hilinaʻi nui lākou i ka papa o ka wai ma mua o nā loko. I ka manawa o 15 wai ka nui o ka wai o ka wai, a ʻo ka nui o nā oxygen i loko o ka māmā he 13%, hoʻoulu ʻia ka loko i ka wai o ka wai, e piʻi ana ke kō i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka nui o ka oxygen i 4%. ʻO ia, ua emi mai nā lālau ke piʻi aʻe i luna ma mua o nā loko.

Inā hōʻoluʻolu ka wai. alaila ma lalo malalo o na lanala.

I ka wai anuanu, moe mau nā kaula i ka lalo, me kahi pīhoihoi nui o ka ea pulmonary ma ke kumu o ka tapa. Hoʻolālohe kēia kulu ʻana i ka oxygen mai ka wai, lilo i mea hanu, a ʻōloʻi ke kaula a huki iā ia i ka pūpū.

Pehea e ʻai ai nā coils

ʻO ka papaʻai o nā huaala he mau algae liʻiliʻi. Huki ʻo Shellfish iā lākou i nā mea kanu i lalo o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu me kahi mea maikaʻi maikaʻi i kapa ʻia he radula. ʻO ia ke kumu e mālama ʻia ai nā coils i loko o nā koina, no ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i nā pā aniani mai nā algae.

Ua kapa ʻia nā kohu nā ʻōlaʻi o nā kaikui, no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā paia o nā pili algae.

Nā manu

Kahiko pāʻai

p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->

p, mea ʻokiʻoki 33,0,0,0 ->

Holo lehelehe wāwae

p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 35,0,0,0,0 ->

Aliʻi heron

p, paukiki 36,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->

Soile Kanaka

p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 39,0,0,0,0 ->

Kauwahi

p, paukena 40,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->

Yakan

p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 43,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻElua hāpana

p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->

Ka ʻawaʻawa

p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->

Aliʻi

p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->

Nāliʻi

p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->

Nā huaʻōlelo a me nā mea hihiu

Lālepula paipi

p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 53,1,0,0,0 ->

Lokoʻi

p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he pāʻālua 55,0,0,0,0 ->

Oh

p, mea ʻiki 56,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 58,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->

Kālā

p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻLelo ʻona

p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->

p, mea ʻoki 64,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻAfonia kāne

Uhai

p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he mea pā 67,0,0,0,0 ->

Hou Hou

p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻAi

p, blockquote 70,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->

Kau ai

p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 73,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻŌpū ʻauʻau

p, blockquote 74,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 75,0,0,0,0 ->

Lepeke

p, ka mea i pio 76,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 ->

Nā Pākuʻi

Kāhea

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 78,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 79,0,0,1,0 ->

ʻInklelo mink

p, blockquote 80,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 81,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 82,0,0,0,0 ->

p, paukiki 83,0,0,0,0 ->

Tapir

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 84,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 85,0,0,0,0 ->

Kākau

p, blockquote 86,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he mea pākahi 87,0,0,0,0 ->

Kukala

p, ka mea pā 88,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 89,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻO Weasel

p, ka mea pā 90,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 91,0,0,0,0 ->

Otter

p, blockquote 92,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 93,0,0,0,0 ->

Muskrat

p, paukō 94,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he pāʻālua 95,0,0,0,0 ->

Hippo

p, he pāʻālua 96,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 97,0,0,0,0 ->

Manatee

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 98,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 99,0,0,0,0 ->

Palapala Baikal

p, blockquote 100,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 101,0,0,0,0 ->

Capybara

p, ka mea i pāhi ʻia ai 102,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i kāohi ʻia 103,0,0,0,0 ->

Hoʻohālikelike

ʻO nā iʻa, nā mammals, nā reptile, nā manu, a me nā inikina ka mea ʻike ʻia e ola ana i nā wai kai hou, akā he nui nā mea ola liʻiliʻi, e like me nā crustaceans a me nā mollusks, a laila e noho ana ma laila. Pono kekahi iʻa i ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai a ʻauʻau i nā kahawai wikiwiki a me nā kahawai, aia kekahi mau mea i ʻike i nā loko. ʻO nā mommals aloha wai, e like me nā beaver, koho i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā noho ʻana. Mālama nā ʻōpala a me nā pepeke i nā pulu, pale i nā loko nui. Ua koho ʻia nā wai momona a me nā ʻine ma nā ʻōpū me nā loko. Noho ʻo Moshkara i nā pōhaku kahakai a me nā lāʻau hina.