Kauahi au ma ke alaloa ʻo Pamir mai Osh a Khorog, e noho ana ma hope o ke kaʻa i ka ukana nui o ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka piʻi. E maʻalahi ka nānā ʻana i nā manu; ʻaʻohe ʻike o ke kaʻa o ke kaʻa. E hele ana ke ala ma Pamir hikina hikina i nā pāpū alpine ma mua o nā puʻu liʻiliʻi a e hele i nā peʻe mauna me nā kahawai. ʻOi aku ka Altitude ma mua o 4 tausani mau mika. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka pāpū wao nahele i nā mauna e kū ana i kahi mamao, e piʻi ana ma luna o kahi 2 tausani mau mika.

Ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kuahiwi, me he nui ʻole nā ​​manu. Eia naʻe, ma ka lā mua o ka huakaʻi ma nā hikina Pamirs, ua helu aku au i nā ʻoi aku he mau kaukani kaukani. I ka nui o nā manawa, ua loaʻa nā pū kani pepeiao. ʻO ka Kirghiz ka kapa ʻana iā lākou he "kara-kash", ʻo ia ke ʻano he "ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele": ʻelua ulu ʻulu hulu manu e ulu ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo o kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi. Noho ka lei kupapaʻu ʻaʻole i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe wale nō, akā aia nō hoʻi ma nā kahe o Asia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole e emi iho i kahi mauha hau hau a i ʻālei i nā leo ʻeleʻele a me nā manu ʻeleʻele e hoʻopuni nui ana i ke ala holoʻokoʻa. Ua lele mai kahi puaʻa manuahi e ka lele wikiwiki, a i kū i nā leo nui, a ua hālāwai me nā kao Mongoli, kahi puaʻa liʻiliʻi e noho nei i nā waikahe, akā ma kahi wao kuahiwi. ʻO kēia mau manu āpau, e like me ka dipper, ka redstart, a me ka redstart a me ka redstart ʻulaʻula, ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia. Manaʻo wau e hui me nā manu ʻolokeʻo e noho wale ana i nā Pamirs - kahi manu nunu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi saj Tibetan.

Tibetan sajah ka nui o ka manu, ʻaʻole ia e like me ia, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a me ka hue i kahi poʻi e like me nā ʻōpio i kahi pihi o nā ʻēheu. Ma ke poʻo, ma ka umauma a ma ka kua ma waho kahi lōlulu liʻiliʻi pōkole, ʻeleʻele ka lalo, ʻeleʻele nā ​​pito o nā eheu.

ʻIke liʻiliʻi mākou i ka Tibetan sajah. ʻO ka hālāwai ʻana nō i kēia manu ka mea ʻimi i ka ʻepekema. ʻAi ʻia nā mea akamai o ka mea ʻike manu, a hoʻokahi wale nō mea i hana i kahi pū me ka masonry - ʻo ka ʻepekemaʻo Tajik ʻo Islom Abdusalyamov. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi o nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻo Tibetan sajas e ʻai nui ana i nā hua o nā mea kanu alpine. Inu nui nā manu a lākou e lele ai i kahi lua wai waiʻumi mau mile. Lawe lākou i ka wai i kā lākou moa i kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka puke ʻaʻa USSR Red ma ka helu o ka Tibetan sajas i ʻōlelo i penei: "Kekahi mau minuke pālua."

Eia kekahi i ʻo Tibetan, i ko mākou ʻāina, aia kekahi ʻano saj, i ʻole hoof. Noho ia ma nā pāpū wao nahele o Kazakhstan. Ua kapa lākou iā lākou he hina no ka mea ua ulu pū nā manamana lima o kēia manu a hana i kahi uluna paʻakikī, e like me ka ʻūhā. Ma kēlā mau pā wāwae, maʻalahi ka manu e holo ma ke ahi wela o nā wao. Noho ka Tibetan Sajah ma ka wao nahele kiʻekiʻe, maʻa ʻole e hoʻomoʻi ka honua i loko o nā lā o ke kauwela wela loa, no laila he limu maʻamau me nā manamana lima.

Ke kahaha loa ʻo ka Pam Pamela a he kaumaha nō ia, he ʻano like ia me ka maloʻo, ka puka ʻana o ka lā o ka lā, ka makani ikaika, kahi manawa wela, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka nui o ka pākū i kēlā me kēia lā: hiki ke wela i ka lā i ka lā a he anuanu hoʻi i ka pō. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka nele o ka oxygen i kēia mau lahilahi nui, no ka mea, i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5000 m ma mua o ke kai, ʻo ka pae ʻana wale nō hoʻi o ka ea (380 mmHg, me kahi ʻano 760 mm).

ʻOiaʻiʻo, nele ka fauna o nā manu. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kahi wao ola ʻo ka Pamir; ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o 5 a 6 tausani mau mika, ʻaʻole wale ka manu e ola ana, akā pili pū nō hoʻi, a hoʻomoʻa i kā lākou poʻe moa. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka ilihune o ka manu huluhulu i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻai. I ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 4,000 mau mika, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​mea kanu spore e loaʻa ana, akā, he nui nō hoʻi nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā "petalsaka hoʻopalapula pōhaku", ulu nui nā kai o nā holoholona invertebrate liʻiliʻi. Ua hānai lākou i nā manamana palu, bristles a me nā punahele he nui. I nā momi a ma kahi kaʻawale nā pāpale ʻōpili a me nā millipedes, lithobiids, e noho me nā mea kanu pua. No laila ua nui ka ʻai o nā manu. Manaʻo wau i kekahi o nā kumu nui no ka ʻilihune o ka manu o nā manu o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke kapa ʻia i nā makani ikaika. Akā hoʻololi nā manu i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole ia no nā mea āpau o nā Pamir, ʻulaʻula, nā curls a me nā passerines liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ka palu ma lalo o nā pōhaku ma kahi hohonu loa, kahi no ka maloʻo a me ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka makani. Me kahi kauwela pōkole, ua pōkole loa ka wā hānau o nā manu Pamirian, hoʻokahi wale nō ka pipi, a emi ka helu o nā hua hua i loko o ka pipi. ʻO ka puʻu i nā pepeiaohao, no ka laʻana, ma ke awāwa ʻo Alai, kahi e kokoke ana, akā hoʻokahi tausani moka ka palena, e waiho ana i ka 5-6 mau huaʻai, a ma nā ʻehā ʻo Pamirānehe - he 2-3 wale nō. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o kēia nalo o kēia manu me kahi hua hoʻokahi. ʻOiai me ka meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke paʻakikī i ka manu e hānai i nā pōkole 5-6 i kahi makani ikaika.

Ke hoʻoluhi nei e ʻike i ka saju Tibetan, peʻe aku au ma nā ʻaoʻao o Pamir, ʻaʻole naʻe i hālāwai me kēia manu e ʻike ʻole ai. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi loa o kaʻu hoa ʻo R. L. Potapov i hana nui i nā Pamirs no ka manawa lōʻihi. Eia kahi e wehewehe ai i kēia hui: "Akahi, lele maila nā manu ʻē aʻe e lele kokoke ana, e hana ana i nā leo kūlohelohe aʻu i lohe ʻole ai ma mua. A ʻo ko lākou mokulele, me nā puʻupuʻu hohonu, a me nā ʻēheu o nā ʻēheu, maoli loa. Kahi au i ʻike aku ai i kēia manu, ua hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike iā ia me kekahi ʻē aʻe.Aa manawa ua hele mai wau ma kahi pūʻali ʻo sajas, he ʻumikumamālima o lākou. He wikiwiki lākou e haʻalele iaʻu ma luna o kahi mokulele, e kāhea ana i ka walaʻau ʻana: "Uwaa. Uh-vw. "Ma laila wau i ʻike ai i kahi i puka mai ai ka inoa Kyrgyz o kēia manu - uvak. Ke hoʻokuʻu nei wau iaʻu ma kahi o iwakālua mau mika, lawe aku lākou i hoʻokahi a lele i hoʻokahi a me nā hapalua haneli, hoʻomaka hou ka hānai. mea ai i ka hele.

Nānā i nā manu, hahai wau iā lākou no hoʻokahi hola. He mea kupanaha ka lākou ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiaiʻo ka naʻaupō, a laila ua maopopo maoli iaʻu ke kumu o ka luku koke ʻana i ka saj i nā Pamirs.

ʻAʻole loa ka ʻumi o ka lehulehu kanaka i ka Tibetan sajas, hāʻule kēia mau manu ma lalo o nā mana o ke kipa ʻana e ʻike i nā kānaka - a me nā mea hoʻokipa a me nā mea komo i nā ʻano like ʻole. Ke kāhea ʻia nei ka saji ma Tajik SSR ua pāpā ʻia.

KUMAIUAI

Noho ʻo Saji ma ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me kekahi mau wahi o ka hema hema o Europe. Noho ka nui o kēia mau manu i nā wahi me nā kūlana ʻino.

Noho ʻo Tibetan, a i ʻole kahi mauna, i kahi anuanu o ke anuanu, kokoke i ka palena o nā ʻuhane mau loa, ma nā kuahiwi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe he 3,000 a 6,000 m ma mua o ke kai, a ka poʻe keokeo ke keʻokeʻo e noho ana ma nā kaohi wai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā paua e nā stamina, ʻike ʻole i ka meaʻai a maʻalahi hoʻi, no laila ke ola nei lākou i nā kūlana i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Holo wikiwiki nā Ripples.

ʻAi kēia mau manu a hiamoe i nā ʻohana nui. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano he ikaika i ka lā, akā, ʻo ka mauʻu ʻo Liechtenstein, e noho nei ma East Africa, e hiamoe ana i ka wā wela o ke ao. Ma mua o ka hele ʻana e hiamoe, pau ka kanu ʻana o ka Saji i ka ʻāina maloʻo. He mahele nui nā manu ʻo Saji. ʻO lākou, kāpili i ka ʻāina, ma muli o ko lākou pale pale e lilo i ʻike ʻole.

Hoʻopōla

ʻO ka wā hoʻomaha a me ka hana ʻana o nā mākaʻi kahi e kū ana mai ka waena o ʻApelila a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai. I ka wā moe, holo nā kāne ma nā wāwae kūpono, e hoʻopili pono ana, a laila e pālahalaha aku ai nā hulu ʻili, a lele i lalo i 2 m.

I ka wā mālama o ka lawaiʻa, hoʻomaʻi pū nā kāne a ma hope nā wahi a nā ʻōpio a hāmeʻa paha i ʻaoʻao o lākou. Palapala nahulu a pau ma ka lepo. Ke nānā nei lākou i nā recesses kūpono e hoʻopuni iā ​​lākou me nā pebbles. Aia ka nalo o kēia mau manu i kahi alakaʻi, aia wale nō ke hūnā ʻia ma lalo o kahi lāʻau a mū ʻōpala paha. Ma waena o 21-31 mau lā, hoʻohui nā manu ʻelua i ka pipi. I ke ahiahi, lawe mai ke kāne i ka meaʻai wahine. Hānau ʻia nā pua i loko o nā fluff a hoʻomaka koke e nānā no nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole wale ka inu ʻana i nā mākua i ka wai mai ko lākou mau lāʻau, akā ke lawe pū nei i ka wai i ka plumage o ka ʻōpū.

HE KAHIKI KA LOA O KA MAKANI

Nā manu ʻolua: ma muli o ka kala pale o ka plumage (mai ke aniani māmā a i ka ʻeleʻele aniani), ʻike ʻia nā manu. Hiki i ka males ma loko o ka pākīkī o ka ʻōpū e hiki ai ke halihali i ka nui o ka wai no nā pua.

Ka lawe ʻana: nona ka 2-3, ka manawa 4 mau ʻulaʻalā iʻa ʻia i ka ʻeka, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka wahine a me ke kāne.

- Habitat o kīkaha

MEA LOA

Maʻa pinepine nā Ripples i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Farani a me Sepania, ma Asia me ka palena hema ma India a me ʻĀsia ʻoloka a me ka ʻāina ʻo Gobi, ma ka hapa nui o ʻApelila, a ʻo ka mokupuni ʻo Madagascar.

KAUPUNI A ME KA PONO

Mai ka noho ʻana o nā māka ma nā wahi maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole lākou i liʻiliʻi me nā kānaka. I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ka hapa nui o nā mea kaua me ka pau ʻole.

Nā hōʻailona kūmole o Tibetan Saji

ʻO ka like o ka manu ka like me kahi hazel i ʻōleʻele i paʻa ʻia. Ma kahi ʻāʻī pōkole ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me nā ala ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka kua o hope ke kahakai, ʻōwili ʻia nā palahalaha ʻē aʻe ma luna o ia mau wahi. Hoʻopili ʻo Streaks i ka goiter kāne.

Hōʻike kēlā me kēia saji i kēlā Hoʻopili i nā ʻoni o nā kala ocher i ka ʻāʻī a me nā pāpālina o ka manu. Ke keʻokeʻo ke kino o lalo, ʻaʻohe wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻōpū.

Tibetan Saja (Syrrhaptes tibetanus).

ʻO ka plumage ma nā wāwae i lalo i nā wāwae loa. Ua pālahalaha nā ʻēheu, kuhikuhi. Paipai ʻia ka ʻili me nā hulu ʻili ʻoi loa i waho o nā ʻēheu o kahi saj noho. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu o ka hulu. ʻO ka beo ka horny he hina i ka waihoʻoluʻu, me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻulaʻula ma kona mau wāwae.

I nā wahine, ulu ikaika ke kumu hoʻohuli, ma nā pāpālina a me ka ʻāʻī nā liʻiliʻi o nā hulu ocher. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio me nā kala plumage e like me nā wahine makua.

Ua like nā leo o Saji ma nā leo o ke keʻena maʻamau. He kani paha, "uva, uva" a i ʻole "kaga-kaga". E kamaʻilio nā manu me nā hōʻailona kani i ka wā o ke holo ʻana, hoʻolaha pū kekahi i kēlā me ka pōʻino e noho ana lākou ma ka papa. Ke kū ʻia nei nā ʻenemi, hōʻike aku nā kāne i ke kani kūoʻo o ka "a ..." a i lalo me ka lepo, a laila lele i ka wahi palekana. ʻO ka wahine ma nā manawa pōʻino e hoʻomaka ai e hāhai i kahi leo hoʻāho: "ka-ka-ka." Hoʻokani ʻia nā pīkī Saji i like me ka squeak o nā ʻīlio.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Tibetan Saj

ʻO ka kahi nui o ka Tibetan Saji ʻaʻole ākea. Kaʻi aku ia i nā mauna Sino-Tibetan ma ka hikina, i Nanshan a me nā awāhi o Lake Kukunor ma ke ʻākau, i Karakorum, nā Himalona, ​​Ladak, a me Pamirū Tekaʻi ma ka hema. Holo ka manu ʻōlapa ma nā pahū o nā loko Shorkul, Karakul, Rangkul, a me ka nāpū o Aksu, Akbaital, Tuzdzhilcha.

Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka huakaʻi e like me ka pigeon a me nā pulu.

Hiki ke loaʻa ma ka hikina o ka Alichur South South a me ke kahe o Lake Lake. Ua emi iki ka noho ʻana o nā ʻano. Ua haʻalele ʻo Saja i nā awāwa o nā muliwai Murghab, Aksu, Jamantal, Akbaital. Loaʻa i kekahi manawa ma ka wāwae o nā kahe Zaalaysky a me Sarykolsky.

Noho lole ʻo Tibetan

Noho ʻo Saja ma waena o nā awāwa ākea ākea. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā kahawai o nā loko a me nā kahawai nui i ʻō ʻia me nā pua lāʻau o ka ʻalā, teresken a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, ʻelua a keu mau makahiki. Hoʻokele ia i ka maluku o nā mauna a me nā pālahalaha, i ka hoʻoilo i piʻi i nā ʻōpala alpine. I ka hoʻoilo, pili pono ʻia i nā awāwa i uhi ʻia i nā poloka pōhaku nui. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole like ka wai o nā wahi like, no laila e lele ka manu i kahi ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā.

No ka ʻike ʻana i ka pōpilikia, hoʻomaka ka hipa i ka holo, a laila lele ka lele ma kahi mamao loa a ʻaʻole koke i nā ʻāina.

Ma ke alo o ka wai meli, hoʻopau lākou i ka makewai me ka wai hau a me ka hau. I kēia kūlana, pono ka lele o ka sajas e holo mamao i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wai. A i ka hoʻoilo, i mea e ʻāinu ai, hana nā manu i nā holo lōʻihi. Aia i ke kuahiwi, piʻi nā Saja i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5700 mau mika ma Tibet, e ka loko o Kukunor e noho ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3200 mika ma luna o ke kai. I ka hoʻoilo, noho ka manu i nā lewa mālie o nā mauna, i lalo o nā ʻōpala, iho i lalo i nā awāwa, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o kānaka. E waiho i nā pūnaewele hana i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ka manawa.

Nā Mokuʻa Tibetan Saj

Hoʻomaka maikaʻi ʻole ka manaʻo o ka pūnāwai a me ka pua. Kahi o nā hipa liʻiliʻi o 3-12 mau kānaka e lele me nā pōkole pōkole, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano manu like me ka loko o Karakul a me Yashilkul. Ma nā huakaʻi, e mālama pono nā manu. Haka ʻo Saja ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hele ʻana o nā manu ke ʻike ʻia nā uē wale ʻana. Malia paha me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, haʻalele nā ​​manu i ka ʻāina Tibet ma muli o nā kūlana paʻakikī. ʻO ka hoʻoilo o ka hajj e hele mai ana ma lalo o nā awāwa, ma luna o nā lihi no ka nui o ka ʻai.

He mau wāwae pōkole ʻo Tibetan Saji, akā hele pololei ma ke ala.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka Tibetan Saji

He ʻano maikaʻi loa nā manu; i ka neʻe ʻana, kamaʻilio lāua me nā uē. Ke ano hana i kēlā me kēia lā. Ala lākou i ka lā, i nā lā māmā e ʻai ana lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā awāwa a i nā pali paʻu mālie. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi ma kahi e hānai ai nā manu ma ka hānai ʻana i kahi kaula a i ʻole ma nā wāwae ʻelua.

Makemake lākou e lawe i ka ʻauʻau lepo ma nā wahi i ʻike ʻia e ka lā. I kēia hihia, hānai ka ʻai ma ke ahiahi. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka manawa pouli o ka lā ma ka ʻāina, e peʻe ana i nā lāʻau ʻohalu a me ka teresken. I ke kauwela, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia me ka pili ʻana i ke kanaka, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō iā ia.

ʻO nā ʻōhumu mea hoʻohālikelike, hana i nā hekili liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu ke ʻano lākou i ka hana ʻole ʻana, e makaʻala i ka neʻe ʻana mai i ka poʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia e ke ʻano o ka ʻaeto gula, holo wikiwiki nā hajjs no ka manawa lōʻihi, ke hoʻopuka nei i nā uʻi kūlohelohe. A i ka ʻike ʻana i ka falcon, hūnā lākou a hoʻopaʻa pono iā lākou iho i ka ʻili, me ka hoʻohui pū me nā ʻaina o ka ʻāina.

ʻO kaʻai Tibet Saj

ʻO ka kumu nui o nā saji ka mea kanu o nā ʻōpala alpine no ka ʻohana legume. ʻAi nā manu i nā ʻupena, nā hua, nā hua hua lau, nā lau, nā ʻalopela astragalus. ʻO ke kauwela ua ʻai nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ke kumu o ka palaʻai me ka pōpō me nā hua. Me ka nele o ka meaʻai, e ʻai nā lālā. I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, hahai lākou i nā pua o ka hakakā, ka ʻō ʻana i ka hau me ko kā lākou mau puʻukʻu, hopu i ka ʻai. I kēia hihia, ua loaʻa nā mea kanu no ka mālama ʻana i nā manu.

Noho ʻo Tibetan Saji i nā ʻōhua mauna o Tibet a me nā Pamirs.

Ka noho kiaʻi o Tibetan Saj

ʻAʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ʻo ka Tibet saju i kahi manu manuahi ma muli o kāna helu liʻiliʻi. Kūkū nā kamaʻāina o ke au i ke kenekulia i hala a kau i nā pōlani manu a loaʻa wale kahi lō manu i ka wā e ʻimi ana i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kumu nui e hōʻemi ana ka nui i nā helu i ka helu ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili, ka ʻōpū ʻana, a me nā ʻaʻea ikaika. Kaʻi ʻia ma Tibetan sajah. E nānā i papa inoa ʻia ma ka Buke Red. Ma nā wahi loko o Karakul a me Rangkul i loaʻa nā kulu repubalika. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka saji pio.

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Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona kula

ʻO ka nui o ka manu nunu, e like me ke ʻano he uliuli ʻeleʻele i paʻa i ka uli. Ua liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, pokole ka ʻāʻī, pāpale ke kino, ʻaʻole like me ka saj maʻamau. Ua ākea nā ʻēheu, pālahalaha. Kohu me ka hoʻokele waena elongated hoʻokele, protruding nui loa i nā wēlau o nā ʻēheu o kahi manu noho. I loko o kahi lele, ua like ia me ka pōloli ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ua lohi ia: ʻo ka lalani ʻana o nā ʻēheu he hohonu, hohonu. Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka huakaʻi e like me ka pigeon a me nā pulu. Lawe loa ia i ke aniani, e like me ka hina hina, a me ka manu nunu. He pokole nā ​​wāwae, akā hele wāwae ma ka ʻāina, a maʻalahi hoʻi. No ka ʻike ʻana i ka pōpilikia, hoʻomaka ka hipa i ka holo, a laila lele ka lele ma kahi mamao loa a ʻaʻole koke i nā ʻāina. ʻO ka laulā piha o ka luna o ke poʻo kekona me nā lihi ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi. I ke kāne, hoʻomāoʻewaʻi ka piko o ke poʻo a me ka goiter, me nā maka heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ka ʻā mua, nā ʻaoʻao a me nā pāpālina pūlū. He keʻokeʻo ka lalo, ʻaʻohe wahi ʻeleʻele i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokomo nā pale ma nā ʻalā. E kū mālie ana i nā kukui ʻōpiopio maʻamau, kūlike nā ʻōuli-ʻeleʻele i nā hulu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wahine ʻoi aku ia me ka nui o ka hoʻomohala nui o ke kumu hoʻohuli, heʻuʻuʻu ʻoka ma luna o nā papalina a me ka'ā'ī. Ua like ka manu ʻōpiopio me ka wahine i ka hoʻoilo.

He leo nui a leo ka leo, ʻaʻole ia e like me ka uē mālie o ke kaji maʻamau a kūlike ʻo ia i nā uwē a kekahi o nā māla pōmaikaʻi.Me he mea ia, ʻili, "uva, uva", "av - va" a "uak, uak", no laila ke lohe ʻia ʻia e "kgha - kgha-kara" me "kaga - kaga - kaga". Hoʻopuka lākou i ka holo a ma ka ʻāina me ka hopohopo. ʻO ka holo ʻana o nā kāne i ka pōpilikia hele mua i ka wāwae, e kamaʻilio pū ana me ka waha, ke kamaʻilio hoʻi a "a. ", A laila me nā leo like ʻole, akā he kani paha ka leo i kahi ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i kahi hemahema, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana lele lele. ʻO ka wahine, ke hopohopo nei lākou nei: "ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ra!". ʻO ka leo o nā pīpī kime e like me ka squeak o nā pēpē hou (Dementyev, 1951a, Potapov, 1966, 1970, Abdusalyamov, 1971, Kozlova, 1975).

ʻO keʻano

ʻAukui. I ke kāne, keʻokeʻo ke poʻo o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī me ke keʻokeʻo, ʻalaʻeleʻele a ʻala ʻia. E kaemisa-pahu i ka moʻo nā laina wavy liʻiliʻi, a ma nā pūnaewele pūnaewele o ke poʻohiwi - me nā wahi ʻeleʻele nui. He kua uliuli a ʻulaʻula paha ke kua a i hope a keʻokeʻo paha me kahi kaila transversʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. Hōʻihi nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, mua a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka goiter a me ka umauma he hina hina-keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo me kahi panana pinkish, i hoʻomoʻi ʻia me ka ʻalā ʻōwili keʻokeʻo, ʻolo ma lalo. He hina hina ka kua o hope o ka umauma. He keʻokeʻo ke koena o ka lalo, aia i ka kulekele a me ka pākī ʻia ʻeleʻele ma kahi papa keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻēheu e uhi ana i ka ulaula a hala i ke keʻokeʻo kahi palupalu ākea, axillary ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ma ka pūnaewele o nā hulu manu e loaʻa kahi wahi ʻulaʻula. Ke hoʻokele nei i kahi one-red me kahi ʻōnaehana keokeo ʻeleʻele a me kahi palena keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, medium - whitish-buffy me nā grey blurry motish a me kahi ʻāpana hina ʻulaʻula. Kahi ʻia ka ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole i ke kua ma hope o ka loli like ʻana o ka mea pākahi. He lei lei poʻo a Bill, ʻāʻeleʻele nā ​​kopeke. He ʻulaʻula a ke anu.

I kahi wahine pākeke, ʻoi aku ka ulu ʻana o kahi modulate, e loaʻa ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka umauma a ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna. ʻO ka kala kiʻi i ka pipi a me ka ʻāʻī ke liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO nā ʻōpio i nā kāhili uluhua, ua like nō ia me nā wahine, akā no ka mea nui o kā lākou keʻa ʻana, a ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia nā kukui māmā o nā wahī.

ʻAʻano Downy. ʻO ka piko ma keʻokeʻo he brown, me ka hiʻuʻulaʻula, ma ke kua aia ʻekolu mau kao keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, nā ʻaoʻao, nā ʻēheu a me ka piko o ke poʻo me nā keʻokeʻo. Mai ka nuku ʻana o ka nuku i nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, mai nā alohilohi a i ka maka a mai ke kihi o ka waha ma lalo o ka maka a i ka ʻāina pepeiao, ʻimi nā wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Ke kolu ʻo ka hina hina-ʻula, nā ʻula a me nā wāwae a ʻulaʻula (Potapov, 1966).

ʻĀnō a me nā ana

ʻO ka ʻēhe 11 11 loa, ke distal rudimentary, ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahe o ka lua o ka ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia, e like me kahi saj. Hālana o ka ʻēheu: II-III-IV-V-VI-VII-VIII-IX-X-XI-I. ʻEkolu a lele ʻia nā pīkoi kolikōlani ʻelima. Ke hoʻokele 16, elongated a waena a kuhikuhi. ʻO ka hulu no ka huluhulu i mua a i hope. ʻAʻohe mea manamana lima, pōkole nā ​​manamana mua, ʻaʻole palau ʻia a me nā hulu i nā ʻōpū, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā manamana lima he mānoʻomaʻo, calloused pads. I nā kāne, ʻo 245-265 mm ka lōʻihi (ʻehā (n = 10) 257), ʻo ka ʻili ko 196–230 (ʻokoʻa (n = 9) 214), a i ka wahine ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻehā 245-255 mm (awelika (n = 4) 250), huelo 171-205 (awelika (n = 5) 186), ʻōpū manu 380-400 g, ka awelika (n = 10) 395.

Kiʻī 7 ʻO nā hulu manu lua mua o ka sajas (ma hope o: Ivanov et al., 1953)
a - saj saj maʻamau (Syrrhaptes paradoxus), b - Tibetan saj (S. titetanus)

Kiʻī 9 Uuku (e: Ivanov et al., 1953)
a - biasa saj, b - Tibetan saj

Hoʻololi

I nā pākeke, piha piha nā makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka lele flyworm ma kahi kokoke a hoʻopau i nā hulu mamao. ʻAʻole kuhi wā ʻole; ke manaʻo mua nei lākou e hoʻololi ia lākou mai ka hoʻomaka o Iulai. I Iulai 25, ka mea wana 11th - 7th i mea hou no ka wahine, ua hāʻule ʻo VI i waho, V - ua ʻelemakule wau. ʻO nā kāne kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka lā 18 a ʻAukake, IV, V, a me nā wahine ʻo III, V, a me VI ua mau flyworms kahiko; ua like hou nā pualikua huluhulu a me nā hulu ʻulaʻula ma waena o ke kino. I ka mahina o ʻOkakopa, pau ka molt.

Ke hoʻololi nei nā Chicks i ko lākou mau'ōpiopio i nā wā'ōpiopio, aia i ka wā mua i ka hakahaka wale ʻia e kekahi pākeke. ʻAʻole lele mai nā manu-lele a noho mau a hiki i ka makahiki hou.

Ke noho maʻamau.

Ka mea e noho ana ma na heiau. He manu ʻona a hala ʻole paha. Luku. He mea hūnā ia i ka wao nahele kuahiwi ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai me nā mea waiho pebble. ʻAʻole hoʻohālikelike nā kolana, ma ka wā kīnā ʻole mālama ʻia i nā ʻohana. ʻO Clutch i Mei, he 3 oʻeo hua. ʻO ka leo e kani ana he "he-ha" ha. ka-ha. "A ʻole paha" wack-wack-kaga. " Akahele. ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia ʻo Biology.

Loha mai kahi hajj a he pōpō ʻeleʻele ʻia e ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo, mai ka papale i keʻokeʻo ʻia e ka pahu ʻulaʻula me ke ʻano ʻeleʻele ʻaoʻala a me kahi kakalā māmā (i ke ʻano maoli, ʻaʻole ia me kekahi ʻano kīpē).

Kālā

Nā kikowaena waena. Tibet, Kunlun, ʻākau loa Nanshan a me ke kauā o ka Lake. ʻO Kukunor, ʻo ia paha ma ka hikina i nā mauna Sino-Tibetan, ma ke kūkulu hema i nā Himalaya, Ladak, Karakorum, a me Pamir.

Kiʻi 12. Mahele mai o Tibetan Saji ma Asia Akau
a - wahi e noho ai

Ma ʻAhia Hikina, aia wale nō ia i ka Pamirū Hikina - ma nā kaila o Karakul, Shorkul, nā loko Rangkul, nā awāwa Akbaital, Aksu, nā Tuzdzhilcha, ma ka palena hikina o ka lāʻo Alichur Hema a me ka ʻāina o Lake. Salangur. E holo ana ka palena komohana ma ka laina o Lenin Peak - Lake. Yashilkul - Per. Koytezek - Per. ʻO Matz, ke ʻākau - aia ma ke kuʻi ʻo Alai, ka hikina - ma ke kuahiwi Kashgar, a me ke kūkulu hema - ma ke kuahiwi Vakhan.

Ua emi i ka wahi i kēia mau makahiki i hala aku nei: ua nalo loa nā awāwa o nā awāwa o Aksu, Murgab, Akbaital, nā kahawai ʻo Jamantal, ʻaʻole kēia ma ke awāwa nui o Lake. Rangkul. Ua mālama ʻia lākou i ka wāwae o nā pōkole Sarykol a me Zaalaysky (Abdusalyamov, 1977).

Hoʻaiho

Uhai ia i nā pālahalaha intermontane ākea, i kekahi manawa e hali ʻia e ka cone cones a me nā moraines kahiko, irrigated e nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole ma nā pali lau o nā loko i loko o ka gravel-talechny, gayayechny a i ʻole wao lepo pālala me nā puʻu gravelops i uhi ʻia me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi o teresken, wormwood a me wormwood. Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, e hoʻopili ʻia hoʻi i nā ʻāpana ʻāina i nā mania a me nā heihei, e piʻi ana i ka hāʻule i nā wahi i lalo o nā pae alpine. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai nā mahele o nā awāwa me nā awāwa nui a me nā ʻano kahiko. Hōʻalo ʻia ka ʻāina ululāʻau.

Noho ʻia e nā awāwa wai ʻole a me nā puʻu waiahiʻu, kipa aku ʻo ia i nā wai i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ke kauwela, i ka wā e kahe ai ka wai melt i nā awāwa, he nui ʻole nā ​​huakaʻi, a ma ka manawa o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo-kauwela, mamao nā huakaʻi, a i kekahi manawa e neʻe mai nā manu i nā kumu wai. Inā he hau, laila hoʻohemo lākou i ka make wai e ka ʻai ʻana, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e lele i kahi wahi wai.

I ke kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa ma nā wahi e pili ana i ka 3600–4500 m ma luna o ke kai. Moana, ma Tibet e piʻi a kiʻekiʻe aʻe, a hiki i 5700 m, ʻoiai i ka loko. Noho ʻo Kukunor ma luna o 3,200 m (Potapov, 1966, Ivanov, 1969).