ʻO ka wili Marsupial (ʻōpio Tasmanian, tilacin) (Thylacinus cynocephalus) he papa manuahi, ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana tilacin.
Ma mua o ko nalo ʻana ʻo lākou, ʻo nā ʻīlio Tasmania ka nui o ka poʻe ʻōpiopio marsupial hou. I ka pau ʻana o ka Pleistocene a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Holocene, pālahalaha loa nā tilacins i Australia a me New Guinea, akā i nā wā kahiko o kēia mau holoholona i loaʻa wale ma Tasmania.
I waho, he like me ka ʻīlio marsupial me kahi ʻīlio nui me ke kāʻei ma kona kua. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe i ka malo o kēia holoholona e pili ana i 60 cm; he paona 15-35 kg. He pēpē elongated kona, he poʻo ʻīlio, he ʻīkoki kona manawa, a he ʻūhā i hope, a he mau wāwae pōkole. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Tilacin mai ka ʻīlio ma kahi lōʻihi (a hiki i ke 50 cm) ka huelo pololei, mānoanoa ma ke kumu, a ʻulaʻele a ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha i kahi keokeo ʻōloko. ʻAʻole ia he mea hiki i ka wolf Tasmanian ke kani iā lākou e like me ke kolala, e wehe ana i kona waha ma kahi o 120 mau kekona.
Ua hana ikaika nā ʻolio Marsupial i ka pouli. I ke ao, hoʻomaha lākou i ka puʻu ʻulala i ka nahele, a i ka pō hele i ka hopu ʻana i nā wahi heu a me nā poli. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā tilacins i ke ʻano o nā tales. Holo lākou i ka amble, hiki ke noho ma luna o ko lākou manamana wāwae a me ka huelo, e like me ka kangaroo, lele koke i ka 2-3 mika i mua. Holo manuahi ʻo Tasmania mau ʻaʻani a i ʻole ʻelua paha, a ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma Tasmania, ʻai nui ʻo ʻEulopa i ka posum, wallaby, bandicoots, rodents, manu a me nā iniseti. Inā pōloli loa ka polio marsupial, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i ka echidna, ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā huʻu maʻa nui.
Ma Tasmania, pālahalaha loa nā lau he nui loa ma kēlā mau wahi kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia nā wahi e pili ana i ka nahele ākea. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia XIX, ua hoʻomaka ka luku nui ʻana o kēia holoholona hihiu. Mai nā lā mua mai o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa, loaʻa ʻo tilacin i kahi inoa like me ka mea pepehi hipa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he holoholona hoʻomohala a koko nui ʻole. Ua hoʻokau ʻo ia i kahi pilikia nui a me ka pohō i ka poʻe mahiʻai, no ka mea, ua kipa mau ʻo ia i nā pipi a hōʻino i nā hale. Hoʻomaka ka holoholo, hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā luna kaiāulu: i ka makahiki 1830, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka makana no ka holoholona i pepehi ʻia. Ma muli o ke kāohi ʻole ʻana ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki he 70 o ko XIX kenekulia, ola nā ʻōpio marsupial i ke kuahiwi hiki ʻole i nā ʻāina a me nā wahi ulu o Tasmania. ʻOiai me kēia, i ka makahiki 1888, ua hoʻolaha ke aupuni kūloko i kāna pūnaehana ponoʻī, a ua 2200 mau holoholona make i ka make he 21 mau makahiki. I ka hopena, me ke ʻimi no ka tilacin, ʻo ka maʻi ʻanipua o nā maʻi canine i lawe ʻia e nā ʻīlio import ke alakaʻi i ka tilacin.
ʻO ka wolf marsupial hope loa i hopu ʻia ma ke komohana o Tasmania i ka makahiki 1933 a make ʻo ia ma ka Hobart Zoo i ka makahiki 1936.
I ka makahiki 1999, ua hoʻāʻo ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Australia ma Sydney e kāohi i kahi wili Tasmania e hoʻohana ana i ka DNA o kahi pōpoki, i ʻalo i ka makahiki 1866. akā, ua kuhi ʻia no ka hoʻokō pono ʻana o kēia pāhana e pono e hoʻokau nui i mua o ka ʻoihana biotechnology.
ʻOiai ʻānō ua lōʻihi nā koholā marsupial i mau holoholona pau i ka manawa, i kēlā me kēia manawa ke hōʻike nei ʻo ke ʻano o nā mea pilikino i nā ʻaoʻao mamao o Tasmania
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Hoʻi kiʻi: Marsupial Wolf
Hōʻike ʻia ka welo marsupial i kēia mau makahiki ma kahi o 4 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā kihi o ka ʻohana Thylacinidae nona nā Miocene. Mai nā makahiki 1990, loaʻa nā ʻehiku mau holoholona fossil i nā wahi ma Lawn Hill National Park ma ke komohana komohana o Queensland. ʻO Dixon's Marsupial Wolf (Nimbacinus dicksoni) ka mea kahiko o nā holoholona minima ʻehiku i ʻike ʻia a 23 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: Marsupial, a i ʻole wolf Tasmanian
ʻO nā kiʻi kikoʻawa o ka wili marsupial i loaʻa mai i nā mea palekana i mālama ʻia, nā fossils, nā ʻili a me nā koena o ka ʻūloko, me nā kiʻi ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo a me nā palapala paʻi ma nā kiʻi kahiko. Ua like ka holoholona me kahi ʻīlio nui loa me ke kao ʻokiʻoki, me ka nalu maikaʻi ʻana i ke kino ma ke ʻano like me ka kangaroo. He 100 lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua ka lōʻihi, me kahi huelo o 50 a 65 cm. Aia kahi sex dimorphism liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā pua kaulana a pau loa o Australia i kūlohelohe e ola ana i ka Hobart Zoo, Tasmania, akā he ʻelua mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e kiʻi ʻia ana ma London Zoo. ʻO ka lauoho ʻeleʻele o ka holoholona i loaʻa i ka 15 a 20 mau hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele i ke kua, ke kīkala a me ke kumu o ka huelo, no ka mea i loaʻa ai iā lākou ka inoa "tiger". Hoʻopili ʻia nā hui i nā poʻe ʻōpio a nalowale ke ulu a ka holoholona ʻōpiopio. ʻO kekahi o nā kaula i hoʻonui ʻia ma lalo o ka hope o ka ʻūhā.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: He mau ʻōpio ikaika a nā ʻīlio Marsupial me nā niho 46, a ua hoʻolako ʻia nā wāwae me nā lehele ʻole i hoʻonui ʻia. I nā wahine, aia ka pēpē pēpē ma hope o ka huelo a he ʻono ʻāhiu e uhi ana i nā kelima mammary ʻehā.
ʻO ka lauoho a me ke palupalu ka lauoho ma luna o kona kino, a hiki i ka 15 mm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ke kala mai ka brown brown a ʻeleʻele i ke kala, a ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻiliʻoni ke kala. ʻO nā pepeiao pepeiao a me ka wili marsupial he 8 cm ka lōʻihi a ua uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu pokole. He pūkoʻo ikaika a lākou, a me nā puʻu liʻiliʻi a me nā lauoho 24 o lākou. He wahi keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe lākou e kokoke ana i nā maka a me nā pepeiao, a me ka lehelehe luna.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe inā ua pau ka marsupial a i ʻole. E ʻike i kahi i kū ai ʻo ka wili Tasmania.
ʻAuhea i noho ai ka ʻīlio marsupial?
Kuhi kiʻi: nā ʻīlio Marsupial
Ua makemake paha kēia holoholona i ka nahele eucalyptus maloʻo, nā ʻapu a me nā ʻōpala ma ka ʻāina o Australia. Ke hōʻike nei nā mea pena kelepona o ko ʻAmelika pili i ka noho ʻana o ka tilacin ma nā ʻāina nui a me Australia. ʻO ka ʻike o ke ola ʻana o ka holoholona ma ka ʻāina i ka moku nui kahi mea i hoʻokahe ʻia ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ke ana ma ka puʻu ʻo Nullarbor i 1990. Loaʻa i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae holomua e hōʻike pū ana i ka hoʻoili moʻolelo ʻana o nā ʻano ma ka mokupuni ʻo Kangaroo.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ia ʻo ka ʻili prehistoric mua o nā ʻīlio marsupial, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Tasmanian a i ʻole tilacins, e pālahalahaʻi.
- i ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa,
- ʻO Papua Nūkini
- komohana o Tasmania.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia kipa e nā kiʻi like ʻole i nā ana, e like me nā mea i loaʻa e Wright i ka makahiki 1972, a me nā hōʻiliʻili o nā iwi kahi o ka radiocarbon i hoʻi mai i nā makahiki he 180. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ko Tasmania i noho hope loa o nā ʻīlio marsupial, kahi i alualu ʻia ai a hiki i ka nalo ʻana.
Ma Tasmania, makemake ʻo ia i nā waena waena me nā ʻāina kahakai, kahi i lilo ai ke kumu nui o nā poʻe Pelekane e ʻimi nei i ka ʻai no kā lākou holoholona. ʻO ke kala kala, hāʻawi ʻia i ka camouflage i ke ʻano lāʻau, hope a lilo i kumu kumu nui e ʻike ai ka holoholona. He kahua maʻamau o ka wili a Marsupial ma 40 a 80 km².
He aha nā mea a ka ʻīlio marsupial i ʻai ai?
Kiʻi kiʻi: Tasmanian Marsupial Wolf
ʻO nā wīwī Marsthial. I hoʻokahi manawa manawa hoʻokahi paha nā ʻano a lākou i ʻai ai i ka emu maʻamau. He manu nui kēia, ʻaʻole lele i lele i ka leʻaleʻa o ka wolf a ua luku ʻia e nā kānaka a me nā mea hoʻopuka i lawe ʻia e lākou ma kahi o 1850, i hui pū me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hapa o ka tilacin. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe noho o ʻEulopa e hānai ʻo ia i ka ʻīlio marsupial i nā hipa a me nā manu o ka poʻe mahiʻai.
Ke nānā ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o nā iwi o ka pahu tasmanian, ʻike ʻia nā koena.
Ua ʻike ʻia e ʻai nō nā holoholona i kekahi mau wahi o ke kino wale nō. Ma kēia mea, ua kuhi kahi ʻano he mea makemake lākou ke inu i ke koko. Eia nō naʻe, ʻai ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kēia mau holoholona e ka ʻōpio marsupial, e like me ka momona mai ka palaleka a me nā ʻalā, nā kikoo a me kekahi mau mākala. . ^ E Ha yM.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I ka kenekulia 20, ua hōʻike pinepine ia e like me ka mea inu wai nui. Wahi a Robert Paddle, ʻo ka mea kaulana o kēia moʻolelo ka mea i hele mai mai ka moʻolelo hope ʻelua e lohe ʻia ana e Jeffrey Smith (1881–1916) i loko o kahi pu a kahi kahu hipa.
Ua loaʻa i kahi kanaka pīkī Australia kahi wolf marsupial den a piha i piha i nā iwi, me nā mea pili i nā holoholona pālani like me nā bipi a me nā hipa. Ua hōʻike ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i kēia make i ka mea make wale nō, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻi i ka wahi i pepehi ai. I ka pio, ʻai ʻiʻo nā ʻolio marsupial i ʻai.
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana o ka ʻūhā a me ka nānā ʻana i ka wili marsupial i ke pio ʻana e manaʻo nei he kanaka e hoʻohana nei. Ua makemake ʻo ia e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi holoholona a hahai aku a ʻānai loa. Eia naʻe, hōʻike ka poʻe lawaiʻa kūloko ke nānā aku nei lākou i ka lawaiʻa o kahi mea predator mai kahi hoʻohālua. Uaʻimi ʻia paha nā holoholona ma nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, me ka pūʻulu koʻikoʻi e lawe ana i ka mea i ka neʻe, a i ka mea no ka poʻe hoʻohālikelike e kali nei.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi kiʻi: Wolf Marsupial Wolf
Ke hele nei, e hoʻomau ka pale i ke poʻo, e like me ka ʻīlio honu e ʻimi ana i ka honi, a kuʻi wikiwiki e ʻike i ke kaiāulu me kona poʻo i paʻa. I loko o nā zoos, mālama nui kēia mau holoholona i ka poʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻolohe i nā poʻe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā pūlima. ʻO ka mea e hōʻike nei ua hānai ʻia lākou i ka lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa i ka lā ʻoi loa o ka lā, huli akula ka marsupials i kā lākou mau kao, kahi i moe ai lākou e like me nā ʻīlio.
No ka neʻe, ma ka makahiki 1863, ua kākau ʻia ʻo ia no ka wili wahine Tasmania me ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e lele i ka piko o nā moʻi o kona mau pahu, a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2-2.5 m ka lewa. ʻO ka mea mua he māla hīnaʻi, ʻano o ka hapanui o nā mammals, kahi i kūlohelohe ai nā wāwae kuʻekuʻe, akā i nā ʻōpio Tasmania ua ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāpana āpau, e ʻae ana i ka kuʻekuʻe lōʻihi e pā aku i ka lepo. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia kaʻina no ka holo. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻīlio Marsupial e hoʻopuni ana i kā lākou mau wāwae i ka wā i hoʻopā wale ʻia ai ko lāua mau pūuna i ka papahele. Kū ka holoholona ma luna o kona mau wāwae kuʻi ʻia me kona mau forelimbs e hāpai ana, e hoʻohana ana i kona huelo no ke kaulike.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ua nui nā kope i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā poʻe. Ua hele wale nō kēia i ka wā i hoʻoulu ʻia ai nā ʻīlio marsupial. Kakau ʻia he ikaika ikaika kā lākou.
ʻO Tilacin ka pō a me ka pōho hunie i hoʻohana i ke ao i nā ao ma nā ana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā lāʻau pohō i kahi pā o nā lālā, ka ʻupena, a i ʻole manu. I ke ao i holo malu ʻo ia i nā puʻu a i nā ululāʻau, a me ka pō ʻoli ʻo ia. Ua ʻike ka poʻe nānā mua o ka holoholona i kekahi mea hilahila a hūnā, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka hele mai o nā kānaka a, me he mea laʻa, pale ʻole i ka pili ʻana, ʻoiai hoʻi i hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona keu. I kēlā manawa, loaʻa kahi hana ʻino e pili ana i ka "hōʻino" o ke ʻano o kēia holoholona hihiu.
A hāʻawi lākou e nānā i nā wikiō ʻelua.
ʻO ka wolf hope hope a Tasmanian (marsupial) i make i ka makahiki 1936. ʻO Bima kona inoa, ua mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kahi pilikino pilikino i Hobart. Mai ia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka holoholona hihiu loa o Australia. Akā, i nā makahiki he 80 i hala iho nei, ua piʻi pinepine ka hōʻike i ʻike ʻia e kekahi kanaka i kahi welo Tasmania e ulu ana i nā ululāʻau paʻa o Tasmania a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāina nui o Australia. I Kepakemapa 2016, hui hou kahi pūʻulu hoihoi i ka manaolana e ola ana ka holoholona: hōʻike lākou i ʻelua mau wikiō ma ka pūnaewele, ʻo ia, nei paha e hōʻike ana i ka ʻīlio Tasmania.
ʻO ka wikiō mua, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kiʻi ʻana i kēia makahiki, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano blurry o kahi holoholona i like me kahi wolf marsupial ma ke kaona o Adelaide Hills ma Australia hema. ʻO ke wikiō lua e hōʻike ana i kahi holoholona-like like me Victoria.
ʻO ka wili Tasmania a ko ka marsupial walo a he tilacin he marsupial mammal, ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana marsupial wolf. ʻO ka inoa inoa inoa ʻo Thylacinus ma ke ʻano he "ʻīlio marsupial." I ka ʻōlelo Pelekane, ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona ʻo "The Tasmanian tiger", ʻoiai, ʻo ka mea ʻaʻole he tiger kēia: ma ka huelo a ma lalo o nā ʻīlio kekahi mau hōkū pihi.
ʻO ka hui Kelepa Thylacine, nāna i hoʻopuka i nā wikiō, e kuhikuhi i nā ʻūpī uliuli a me nā kāwili o ka holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā moʻolelo, hiki ke ʻōlelo wale iā mākou i loaʻa nā ʻīlio marsupial i mua o mākou.
“ʻAʻole ʻīlio kēia. ʻAʻole ulana kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo nō ʻaʻole kēia he manu kaila pōpilikia. ʻO kēia ka tilacin, ”i kākau ai ʻo Neil Waters, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hui ʻo Thylacine Awareness ma Facebook.
Ua hoʻohālikelike hou nā mea hōʻike loea, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻole ʻia nā mea āpau me nā wikiō. "Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole makemake loa kēia," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Katherine Kemper o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Hema o South Australia.
ʻO ka hālāwai ʻana me nā ʻolio marsupial ma Victoria a i ʻole ʻo Adelaide Hills e like paha me ka mea like, no ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ua make ʻo Tilacins ma Mainland Australia i ʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei.
ʻO Jonathan Downs, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i kahi hui Pelekania e aʻo nei i nā holoholona pohihihi e like me yeti, ua hoʻouna aku i ʻekolu mau hoʻokolohua ma ke ala o ka wili Tasmanian mai 2013. Loaʻa nā moʻolelo ʻike wale ʻia. "ʻOliʻoli loa wau inā loaʻa ka pāhoʻomaʻo maopopo. Akā ʻaʻole kēia mau wikiō ʻelua. ʻAʻole lākou i hōʻike i kekahi mea, "i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Downs i kahi kūkā me ke National Post.
“Eia nō naʻe, pono e hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona DNA no ka hōʻoia. ʻO ka manaʻo o ia ka moʻolelo nui loa e hōʻike ana i ke ola o ka ʻīlio Tasmania - a ʻike wau aia kekahi, e lilo ana ka moʻolelo o kekahi holoholona i kū i ke ala, "wahi āna. "E kamaʻilio ana i nā holoholona pohihihi āpau, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei wau ʻo ka ʻike nui ʻana o ka ʻīlio Tasmania.
ʻO Neil Waters, ke hoʻolalelale aku nei i ka poʻe ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ke kaiāulu ʻepekema ʻaʻole e hōʻino, akā e kōkua: "Pono ka ʻepekema i kahi kino make a i ʻole kekahi kiko o ka ʻiʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi kiʻi: Tasmanian Marsupial Wolf
ʻO nā holoholona ʻehā o Tasmanian he mau mea huna, a ʻaʻole maopopo i ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona. Hoʻokahi wale nō pālua a pau a me ka wahine ʻōpio marsupial i hopu ʻia a pepehi ʻia. Ua alakaʻi kēia i nā mea ʻepekema e noʻonoʻo wale ana no ka ʻaʻa ʻana ʻana, a no ke koena ʻoi nā mea minamina. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia ke kuhikuhi i ka monogamy.
ʻO ka mea ʻike maka: ʻoi aku ka welo o Marsupial i ke pio ʻana i ka Melbourne Zoo ma 1899. ʻO ko lākou ola olakino i loko o ka hihiu mai 5 a 7 mau makahiki, ʻoiai i ke pio ʻana i nā kola he ola i 9 mau makahiki.
ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi nā data i ko lākou ʻano, ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa, lawe ʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka nui o nā pēpē me ko lākou mau makuahine i ka mahina o Iulai, Iulai, ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka wā hānau e pili ana iā 4 mau mahina a ua wāwahi ʻia i kahi wā o 2 mau mahina. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka hāʻule i ka hāʻule a loaʻa paha i kahi litter lua ma hope o ka haʻalele mua i ka mua. Hōʻike nā kumuwaiwai he hiki i nā hānau hānau ke hoʻomau i ka holo ʻana o ka makahiki, akā ua ʻike ʻia i nā mahina o ke kauwela (Kekemapa-Malaki). ʻAʻole maopopo ka manawa o ka hapai.
Hoʻokomo nui nā ʻīlio marsupial wahine i ka nui o kā lākou mau keiki. Ua palapala ʻia ma ka manawa like hiki iā lākou ke mālama i nā pēpē 3-4 i lawe ʻia e ka makuahine i loko o ke ʻeke, e kū ana i hope, a hiki i ko lākou ke hiki hou. He palepule a me na makapo na pokii liilii, aka, ua hamokole na maka. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea ʻōpio i kāna mau poʻo ʻehā. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia e noho mau nā keiki me ko lākou mau makuahine a hiki i ka hapa o ka hapa ʻewalu a ke uhi ʻia i ka huluhulu e kēia manawa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻīlio marsupial
Kiʻi kiʻi: Wolf Marsupial Wolf
ʻO nā mea ʻapo marsupial āpau ma ke kahua o ka Australia, ʻo marsupial ka nui. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea lawaiʻa hanohano a maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā wili iā Tasmanian, nona ka puka i hoʻomaka ai i ka manawa prehistoric, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui i kau ʻia ma ka pāʻina meaʻai, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ʻole ke huli i kēia holoholona ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa.
ʻOiai, ua helu ʻia nā marsupial no ka pau ʻana o ka hopu kanaka. ʻOiai ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka waihona kālā a me ke kōkua ʻana i ke kōkua ʻana o nā holoholona nui. I ka hopena o nā 18th a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 19, ua ku ka nui o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he "maʻi ʻino" i hōʻea a puni ka lehulehu. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū mai nā kānaka i hoʻokomo i nā holoholona invasive e like me nā dingo dingo, nā alopeke a me nā mea hou aʻe ka hoʻokūkū me nā ʻanoʻano no nā meaʻai. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka ʻīlio marsupial Tasmania e koi ai i ka holoholona e lanakila i kahi hoʻololi ʻana. Ma kēia hana i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o kekahi o nā maksiale kupaianaha maikaʻi loa o Australia.
ʻOiai ʻo ka mea hoihoi: Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina ʻo 2012 inā inā ʻaʻole no ka hopena maʻi, e pale ʻia ka pau ʻana o ka welu marsupial i ka maikaʻi loa a i hoʻomaha i ka pōʻino loa.
He mea nui nō paha nā kumu nui i hoʻohemo i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka a me ka hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, e komo pū me nā ʻīlio hihiu e hoʻoiho ʻia e nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ka pio ʻana o ka noho ʻana, ka wā like ʻole o nā holoholona hihiu, a me ka maʻi i hoʻopilikia ʻia i nā holoholona he nui i Australia.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: ʻAmelika Pōkuhi Marsupial
Ua lilo maikaʻi loa ka holoholona i ka hopena o ka hopena o 1920s. I ka 1928, ua kuhikuhi ke Kōmike Hoʻomalu Tasmanian ma Local Fauna i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mālama kūlohelohe e like me ke Savage River National Park e pale i nā mea e waiho ana, me nā pūnaewele kūpono o kahi noho kūpono. ʻO ka wili marsupial hope loa i pepehi ʻia i ka pepehi ʻia i make i ka mea i make i ka makahiki 1930 e Wilf Betty, he mea hana mai Maubanna ma ka ʻākau komohana.
ʻO ka mea ʻike maka: ʻo ka wolf marsupial i loaʻa hope loa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Beniamina", i hopu ʻia i loko o kahi pahele ma ke awāwa ʻo Florentine e Elias Churchill i 1933 a hoʻouna ʻia i Hobart Zoo, kahi āna i noho ai no ʻekolu mau makahiki. Ua make ʻo ia i ka lā Kepakemapa 7, 1936. ʻO kēia mea kaukahi marsupial i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka hana hope loa i ʻike ʻia i kahi mea ola e ola nei: kahi wikiō ʻulaʻula a me ka keʻokeʻo.
ʻOiai ke ʻimi nui ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kekahi hōʻike hōʻoia e hōʻike ana i kona hoʻomau ʻana i ka hihiu. Ma waena o 1967 a 1973, hana ʻo zoologist D. Griffith a me ka mākēna waiū D. Malli i ka ʻimi ʻimi ikaika ʻana, me ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kao holoʻokoʻa ma ke kahakai o Tasmania, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kāmera makaʻala, nā hana hoʻokolokolo o nā ʻike i hōʻike ʻia, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Marsupial Wolf Expeditionary Research Group i 1972 me Kauka Bob Brown, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike i kahi hōʻike.
ʻAlau wanana ʻo Marsupial ua loaʻa i ke kūlana o nā hanana ʻano like ʻole i ka Puke ʻĀina a hiki i ka 1980. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōnaehana o ka honua i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi holoholona a hiki i ka wā ma hope o 50 mau makahiki me ka palapala ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Mai ka hapanui o nā makahiki he 50 i loaʻa ʻole nā hōʻike ʻoi loa e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o ka wolf, hoʻomaka ke kūlana i ke kūlana kūlike. No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i ka makahiki 1982 a me ke aupuni o Tasmania i ka makahiki 1986. Ua haʻalele ʻia kēlā mau ʻano mai ka Appendix I ma Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (CITES) i ka makahiki 2013.
