ʻO kēia ʻano ʻōpala no ka ʻohana lua. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ʻo Jararaca ma Brazil. Noho ia i nā wahi ma ke kūkulu hema o Amazon, a ma ke komohana - a i ka palena me Peru a me ʻEkuador, a me ko ʻAmelika ʻākau, Uruguay, Paraguay.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka reptile he 1,40 mau mika, a ua hele mai nā ʻōhua nui aʻe. ʻO ke poʻo o ka naheka he ʻano ovoid a ua wehe maʻalahi ʻia mai ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO Muszle i uhi ʻia me nā pale, kuhikuhi, me kahi ihu a ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi.
Kau ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kino o ka nahe a me ka hina-ʻulaʻula a i ka hina-brown. Aia kekahi kanaka me kahi kāl burgundy. E kue aku ana i kēia kikoʻī, ʻike liʻiliʻi a paʻa ʻole nā lula i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka ʻeleʻele me nā kihi. Kū lākou i ke kū aku ma kahi o ka papakō. He ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū me ka ʻulaʻula a me nā keʻokeʻo paha, aia ma 2 a 4 mau lālani. Loaʻa nā ʻōlani ʻōpio keʻokeʻo.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā niho poʻomanaʻo, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o lākou ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 2 cm.ʻO kēia hihia, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ke hōʻailona i nā mea make o ke kino, akā ʻo zhararaka ka mea weliweli loa i waena o nā nahesa ʻAmelika Hema.
Nui ka nui o kēia ʻano lāʻau, no laila ʻeha pinepine ka lehulehu o nā kaiāulu i ka ʻili. Ma kekahi mau wahi o Brazil, ka mea e ʻike ai ka hakahaka o nā reptile weliweli i ka poʻe e haʻalele i kēia mau wahi a loaʻa kahi wahi e noho ai. Campos - nā māla melemele a me nā punawai grassy, noho nui ka ʻāina ulu e ka viper.
ʻO Zhararaka e neʻe ʻole ana ma luna o ka ʻāina i ka lā a me nā hana i ka lā, i kekahi manawa e hoʻomaha ana ma nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻokokoke ke manawa wela, e hūnā ʻo ia i ka malu, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō e hele ʻo ia e ʻimi i ka ʻai. ʻAi ka ʻake i nā manu a me nā rodents. E hoʻoluʻuku i ka holoholona, ʻōlaʻi ʻo zhararaka i kona poʻo a wehe i kona waha, ʻo kēia ʻano hiʻohiʻona i ka wā o ka hopu ʻana hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻohi i loko o ka mea ʻai me nā niho kūlima me ka ikaika nui. Ma hope o kahi hoʻopuʻi, hoʻokuʻu ka mamao i nā kolo o ka wai ikaika. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka helehelena o kahi reptile pōʻino e hōʻeha i kahi hopohopo i ka poʻe.
He ʻano maikaʻi kēia ʻano o ka nahesa i waena o ka makaʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, mālama nā kānaka iā lākou i nā māla mālama lāʻau e kiʻi i nā mea ʻala nui. I loko o ka ʻluna ʻlekela kaulana o Butantan, aia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo São Paulo, ʻo ia ka nui o ka zararaki.
Hoʻomaʻa nā kau a nā huki hou i nā reptile i ka "extradite" o ka mea make. ʻO ka nui o nā garas i hopu ʻia i loko o nā makahiki he 60 i hala aku nei ma mua o 300,000 o kekahi. ʻOiai ka hopu nui ʻana o nā nahesa, ʻaʻole i emi ka nui o ko lākou helu, akā e mālama ana i ka pae like a ma ka like me ka 4000 mau kope o ka makahiki. Hōʻike kēia mau helu i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻole ʻia ka wela, a hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau waiwai koʻikoʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā reptile poʻokela ma ka nohona kūlohelohe e mālama i kā lākou helu mua.
Hāʻawi kekahi zhararaka i ka loaʻa mua ma ka 34 mg mg (ma ka maloʻo) o ka ʻalo ʻana, akā aia kekahi mau mea maikaʻi aʻe mai nā mea a lākou e kuhi ai - a hiki i ka 150 mg. I ka makahiki, ʻo kēia ʻano nui o nā nahesa i piha iā Butantan e hāʻawi iā 300-500 g o ka ʻono maloʻo.
Akā ma ka ʻāpana o ka poʻe kamaʻilio kūloko, he alakaʻi ʻo zhararak. 80-90% o nā kānaka i loaʻa i kahi kihi a huli mai i nā kauka, hālāwai pū me kēia ʻuhane.
He paʻu kona ʻawa a, e like me nā lāʻau ʻōlapa ʻē aʻe, i mea e ʻike ai ka ʻulaʻula a me ka hōʻino nui ʻana ma ke kahua o ka ʻalā. A laila pili ka hemorrhage ma ka pā e pili ana a make ka make. I ka hala ʻole o ka serum kūikawā, ka make kino ma waena o ka poʻe nui he 10-12%.
Me ka hāʻawi kūpono manawa e mālama ai i ka mālama olakino, ʻoi aku ka hapa nui o nā poʻe nakiki.
Wahi a ka ʻōmuhi kemala, ʻo ka zhararaki racace ka mea pūnao e paʻa ana i kekahi mau protein e pili ana i nā huina. ʻO nā protein serine, metalloproteinases, phospholipases A2 a me L-amino acid o ka oxidase i loaʻa ma laila, aia ma laila, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōmole me nā hana o ka enzymatic: myotoxins, C-typeinin, disintegrins, peptides natriuretic. Hoʻopili pū aku ʻo Zhararak me kahi lesion ākea o ke kino holoʻokoʻa: coagulopathy, renal failed a me ka pīhoihoi. No ka mālama ponoʻana i nā kānaka, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka antidote makua.
Ma Brazil, hoʻohana nā antitoxins i nā inikua nui e mālama i nā mea maʻi e ʻānai ʻia e ka wela, akā ʻo ko lākou hoʻohana ʻia e pili pū ana me nā hoʻopiʻi concomitant, a hiki i nā maʻi serum i nā kānaka.
Ke hana nei nā mea loea e hana i kahi antidote e ʻoi aku ai, ʻoi nā mea make i nā zhararaki. ʻO ka mea ʻoi ke hiki i nā lāʻau hōʻona ma kēia ke hōʻona i nā hopena kūlohelohe o ka ʻona, akā, ʻaʻole paʻa ka laka kaiāulu, a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻōpala o ke kīpē a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka maʻiʻino i loko o kahi kanaka i hoʻopā ʻia e ka ʻawaʻawa.
Ma ke kaina kūlohelohe, loaʻa i kēia ʻano o ka nahesa ka ʻenemi kūpono, hiki ke mālama pono i ka reptile pōʻino. ʻO ka nui i ka nui mussurana ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu loa i ka ʻāpā zhararaki. He mea make ʻole kēia ʻano holoholona, akā ʻaʻole e like me ka wela i ka lā, ʻaʻole kaona o lākou make i ke kino o ke kanaka. I ka palekana e pale aku i ka hoʻouka ʻana o zhararaki, aia nā kamaʻāina i loaʻa mussuran ma ko lākou home.
ʻOiai ka pōʻino o ka hana a ka nahesa i ka poʻe me kāna mau ʻehaʻeha, hoʻomau ka mālama i ka gerard e loaʻa ka mea make nui.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana me ke kōkua me ka hōʻili ʻia o ke koko, hōʻoluʻolu i ka papa o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ke kakela bronchial, epilepsy, angina pectoris ʻO nā poni pala momona he ala maikaʻi loa ia e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ke kaumaha i ka radiculitis. ʻAʻole paha ia no kahi mea o ke ʻano o nā kauka ke kaulona, kū i luna o ke kīʻaha. He mea kūpono ʻole ke luku aku i nā naona mea ʻona no nā kumu ʻike ʻole.
He palupalu ka honua kūlohelohe a hiki i ʻole ke kāhea ʻole ʻia ke hoʻopilikia i ka kūpaʻa kūlohelohe.
28.04.2015
ʻO Zhararaka maʻamau (lat. Bothrops jararaca) he poka viper mai ka ʻohana Viper (lat. Viperidae). He mea ʻinoʻino loa kēia, e hoʻonele pinepine ana i nā wahi i noho ʻia e nā kānaka, a no laila e hoʻopiʻi nui iā ia.
Hāʻawi ia i kahi ohe ikaika ikaika loa i ka hana ncotic. Hōʻike kekahi puka ʻili i ke kahua o ka kuʻu, i ukali ʻia e ka maʻi hōʻeha nui, ka umauma a me ka maʻi piha o ke kino. A laila hoʻomaka ka ʻili o ke kino e make a decompose. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 19, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mongoose i ʻAmelika Hema e hakakā ai i ka wela. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i ola i nā manaʻo i loaʻa iā lākou.
Noho ʻo Jararaca i ka ulū a me nā wahi ma ke kūkulu ʻĀpana ʻAmelika, Brazil a me Paraguay. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia ʻīlio ma nā mea kanu. Ke alakaʻi nei ka reptile i kahi ola ikaika i kēlā me kēia makahiki a puni, ʻoiai kona noho ʻana ma ka wahi nūhou me ka nui o ka mahana.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO Zhararaka kahi pīpī hoʻonāukiuki. E hele ana ʻo ia i ka pō. Loaʻa ʻo ia i kāna mea ʻai me ke kōkua o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka thermolocation, a laila hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻouka ʻana, e hāmama ana kona waha a kau i nā niho ʻona. Make koke kahi holoholona ʻeha, a hoʻomaka ka nahesa e ʻai.
ʻO kā kāna papaʻai no ka mea kanu a me nā manu. Ma hope o nā kiʻi, hele nui ka reptile i nā kauhale a me nā noho ʻana. Eia kekahi, kūwele pono ia i nā lāʻau a hiki maʻalahi iā ia ke hopu i kahi manu ma ka lele.
I ke ahiahi, hoʻomaha ka ʻoki, ua kuhi ʻia i loko o kahi laka. No ka wā hiamoe, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e ʻimi no kahi wahi neʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālikelike ai i kāu laukē i ka nahelehele ai ʻole i ka nahele a waiho i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻOiai no ka hoʻomaha i ke ao, ke kāohi nei ka reptile i kāna wahi pilikino. Inā hele kekahi ma ke kahakaha waiwai, a laila me ka kānalua ʻole e holo aku i ka hoʻouka ʻana.
Loaʻa pinepine nā poʻe i nā haki i ʻike ʻole e pili ana i ka kokoke loa o ka nahesa ʻawaʻawa.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO Zhararaka vulgaris no nā reptile ovoviviparous. I Ianuali, ʻo ka kāne ke hoʻomaka i ka ʻimi ʻana o kahi wahine pākeke. Inā i kēia manawa aia ʻelua mau aliʻi i haʻi i hoʻokahi wahine, a laila mālama lākou i kahi hana kuʻuna. Me ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ko lākou mau kino, lele ka poʻe kūʻē i kekahi i ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻohana i kā lākou make huila. Hele ka mea lanakila i ka wahine, a holo wale ka mea ʻokiʻoki.
Ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana, wāwahi iho nā hoa. No 6 mahina, ua hānau ʻia nā ʻoni wahine wahine, a laila hānau ʻia ma kahi o 80 mau lā.
ʻO nā nāhele liʻiliʻi a hiki i 25 cm lōʻihi ke helehelena ʻulaʻula loa, ʻano ākea loa, a me nā mea ʻona. Mai nā lā mua o ke ola, hele lākou ma ke kuʻi kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaikaʻi lākou i ka pōloli me nā lau liʻiliʻi.
E hoʻowalewale i ka mea ʻikena, hoʻoneʻe ka ʻili i kona huelo i kahi ala kūikawā, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ulia o nā pōʻino o nā iniseti like ʻole, ka mea e ʻimi ʻia e nā pua liʻiliʻi.
ʻO zhararaki ʻōpio e lilo i waiwai ma nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi moa moa ke pepehi i ka nahesa liʻiliʻi. Ke ola nei kahi reptile i kēlā me kēia pilikia paʻakikī.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki ai i 150 cm. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke poʻo poʻo kiki nui i ka ʻōpū mai ke kino e kahi liʻiliʻi ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi. I ke ao, ua aniani nā maka o kahi laina laina, a ma ka pō ua lilo lākou i mea puni. Aia ma waena o nā maka a me nā ihu nā wahi o nā thermolocation.
Ua wehewehe wehewehe ʻia ka kuʻi cervical. Hili ʻia ke kino pepeke me nā unahi liʻiliʻi. Aia nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma ke kaila ākea ākea o ke kua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻōpū ma kahi ʻāpana gula kukui. ʻŌpiki loa ke koʻo.
Loaʻa ka ola ma kahi o Zhararaki vulgaris ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki.