He aha nā bea a ke aha i make ai lākou? * Nā holoholona

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ʻO nā haneli he mau tausani o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka wā o ko mākou mau kūpuna mamao loa o Neanderthals, nā ʻāina nui i noho ʻia ma Eurasia na lua ke ana. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO lākou ka 30% nui aʻe ma mua o nā bea brown i kēia manawa a ʻokoʻa mai nā kānaka hou i ke ʻano o ko lākou lae a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ko lākou mau niho. E like me nā bea o kēia manawa, hānai nui lākou i nā mea kanu a me ka meli, akā i kekahi mau mea hiki ke hoʻouka iā Neanderthals. ʻO nā kaua koko ʻole hoʻi i hana i loko o nā ana, no ka mea, he mālama lākou no nā mea nui a me nā poʻe kahiko. He mea kūpono ia e manaʻo ai ua hoʻopau ʻia nā waʻa e nā kūpuna, akā ʻo nā mea ʻepekema hou loa mai nā USA, Sepania a me ʻAmelika i ʻike ua lilo loa lākou i ke kumu ʻē aʻe.

Ua hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā bea me nā kānaka kahiko a make ma lalo o nā kaha o nā ihe.

Cave Bears (Ursus spelaeus) - nā kūpuna o nā bear brown e hoʻopau i nā makahiki he 15,000 mau makahiki i hala. Noho lākou ma nā ana a ua ʻimi pinepine ʻia lākou e Neanderthals. E pili ana i ka hoʻomake ʻana o nā kūpuna i kēia mau ʻīlio, ua haʻi wau ma kēia ʻatikala

Cave bear

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā ana kahe i hiki ai i 2.7 mika, aʻo ka lōʻihi o ka bea aniani o kēia mau mea he 2 mika. Ma kahi o ke kino nui, ua hoʻokaʻawale nā ʻōpala prehistoric mai kā lākou huaʻehā e kahi rae ʻūao a me ka nele o nā niho nui i ka ihu o nā iwi. A ma nā mea āpau ʻē aʻe i like me nā hoahānau o kēia wā - ua hele ma nā wāwae pōkole a ikaika, ʻai nā mea kanu, ka meli a me kekahi manawa i ka ʻai o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

I ke kiʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻūhai ʻana ʻaʻohe niho koʻikoʻi o nā niho ma luna a me nā iwi haʻahaʻa

Ua kāhea ka ʻepekema ʻekau i nā bears kahiko i ka "lua" no ka mea ua loaʻa ko lākou mau iwi i loko o nā ana. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia i ka lā e hele ana nā ka poʻe kahiko i ka nahele a me nā nahele, a piʻi aʻe hoʻi i nā kuahiwi. Akā i ka pō, ʻo lākou ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana ma ke wahi o ka hapa nui o ke koena, hoʻi hou lākou i nā ana palekana. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā huakaʻi o nā bea kahiko i loko o ke ana ʻo Cave, loaʻa i ka makahiki 1975, aia ma ke komohana komohana. Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ma kahi o nā 140 mau skeletons.

ʻO kahi mea hoihoi: noho mau nā bea i noho ma ka ʻāina o Rūsia. Ua loaʻa iā lākou nā koena ma ka palena mai ke kai Baltic a hiki i nā mauna Ural, a me ka Volga Upland, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka muliwai Volga.

Nā holoholona keu

Wahi a nā kānakaʻepekema, ʻo ke ola o nā waʻa ana he ana ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, ma muli o nā kīhai pinepine ʻana me Neanderthals, ua make ka wānana kahiko - ua pepehi ʻia lākou a make me nā ihe koʻikoʻi a ʻai ʻia. Mai ka makahiki o 2010, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ana bea, akā he mea hou loa ua hōʻike nei ʻaʻole hewa ka poʻe kūpuna. ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou mau kino a me nā ʻalililelika maloʻo, kahi mau haneli mau makahiki i lilo he mea maʻamau, e hoʻohewa ʻia no ka make o nā mea kahiko.

I ka wā maloʻo, ʻo ko mākou mau kūpuna ākea kekahi wā paʻakikī. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua kōkua ke aloha iā lākou i ola i nā manawa paʻakikī, akā ma ke ʻano kahi i hōʻike ai iā ia iho?

Wahi a ka ʻatikalaʻike Science Advances, ua aʻo hou nā poʻe ʻepekema Sepania i ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala o nā bea ana a ʻike i kahi ʻano hoihoi loa. Neʻe ʻole, ʻaʻole like me nā bea hou o ka wā kahiko, he nui nā sinuses e ʻānai loa ana - i nā hāmeʻe i ka ʻūhā e kū ana ma ka wahi o ka ihu. Noho lākou ma 30 a 60% o ka papa o ko lākou pale ʻula, a, e like me nā ʻepekema, hoʻomehana i ka ea anuanu e komo ana i ka ihu. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki i nā bea ke hāʻule i ka wā lōʻihi a hoʻolōʻihi i ke kali ʻana no ka pau ʻana o nā ʻaihilima.

He mea ʻole o ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe ʻepekema, hōʻike maoli ka poʻe kahiko i ka nui o nā bea

Eia nō naʻe, ua hala ka manawa, lilo ka lōʻihi o nā weli me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā sinuses nui e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o nā pale o nā bea. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, puka maila nā pale ma ko lākou lae, no ka mea ʻoi ka ikaika o nā skipua i emi nui. Ua lilo lākou i nā ʻuʻeha a hōʻeha ʻia nā ʻūlio e huluhulu i ka meaʻai me ko lākou mau alo mua a ua hoʻohana wale lākou i nā mea i hope. Ma muli o ka nui o ka hele a lōʻihi, ala ʻo ka bears i ka wā ma mua o ka ʻōpū a ua ʻike ʻia ʻole nā mea kanu i waiho ʻia no lākou. A ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi hou aku i nā holoholona e like me ka wā ma muli, no ka mea ua hōʻemi nui ʻia ko lākou ʻōpio ma muli o ka palupalu o ka ʻūhā. Hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea āpau o luna, ua hōʻike ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā make ʻana ke ana ʻaʻole i make e ka poʻe kahiko, akā ma ka pololi banal.

He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia mea heluhelu ma kā mākou kikowaena ma Yandex.Zen i kēia manawa, no ka mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻatikala ʻaʻole i hoʻouna ʻia ma ka pūnaewele!

Hiki iā kākou ke ʻōlelo i hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hoʻoponopono i kekahi mea pohihihi o ka honua kahiko. Akā ʻo kēia manawa, ua lilo ka poʻe ʻepekema i kahi pilikia e pili ana i ke ola o nā bears. I ka hana ʻana o nā helu helu mai 2000 a 2015, ʻike lākou ua hoʻomaka ʻoi mai nā bears i nā kānaka pinepine iā lākou. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua wikiwiki koke kēia kīkī a hiki ke loaʻa ka pane ma kēia ʻatikala. I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻoe i ka mea maʻamau ma waena o ka Pelekikena Pelekane o mua a ʻo Nicolae Ceausescu a me nā bea.

ʻO ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻānela o kēia wā

A i kēia manawa, ʻike kākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano ʻewalu o nā bea.

ʻO kahi bear brown a i ʻole bear bear maʻamau (Ursus arctos) kahi lālā maʻamau o ka ʻohana bear, ʻike ʻia ma Rusia, Canada a me Alaska. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā ulu lāʻau kahiko, kāohi i nā ākea ākea, akā hiki ke noho ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 5000 mika ma luna o ke kai no ka nui o nā wao. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā ʻano maʻamau i nā wai wai wai.

He holoholona nui ka brown brown: kona kino ʻo 1.5-2.8 m loa, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o kona poʻohiwi a hiki i ka 1.5 m. ʻO nā kauā Males mai 60 a 800 kg. Nui ka nui o nā mea e kau ai ka pākeke ma muli o ka manawa o ka makahiki a me kahi noho papa ʻāina. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi ka mea hānai holoholona mai nā mauna o Central Asia, a ʻo ka hapa nui, he kodiak mai Alaska a Kamchatka.

I ke kiʻi aia kahi bea brown i loko o kona nani a pau.

Polar bear

ʻO ka polar bear (Ursus maritimus) ka mea nui o nā ʻelele hou o ka ʻohana. ʻO kona lōʻihi o kona kino he 2-2.5 m, ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo ma kahi o 1,5 m, ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ka awelika 350-450 kg, akā aia nō kekahi mau māka me ke kaumaha o ke kino ma mua o 500 kg.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ke kahakai ʻo Arctic o ka moana Arctic, ma Northern Canada.

ʻO ke keʻokeʻo o ke kapa keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo pinepine i ka melemele ma muli o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka momona, ʻo ia hoʻi i ke kauwela. ʻO ka hulu ka mānoanoa a hoʻomehana, akā ʻo ka hana hoʻomehana nui e pāʻani ʻia e kahi papala mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous.

ʻO ka polar bear wale nō ka lālā o ka ʻohana e noho kūʻokoʻa ma kahi ʻai kai. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā walruses ʻōpio, nā ʻīlena kani, nā koholā moana, belugas a me nā narwhals.

I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka bea keʻokeʻo me nā cubs. Hānau ʻia ka wahine i ʻelua mau mania a hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia o 3 mau makahiki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu hou e pili ana i nā bea polar ma ka ʻatikala.

ʻĀpana hāleʻele

Loaʻa kahi ʻūlio ʻōpiopio a iʻa paha (Ursus americanus) i Kanada, Northern Mexico, USA, koe wale nō no ke kikowaena o nā Plains Nui. Noho ma nā nāhelehele pāpale, nā lāʻau, a ma nā wahi ākea.

Nui ka laulā o ka ʻeleʻele e kūlike i ka wahi kikoʻī a me ke ʻano. Ma nā māhele ʻākau a i hikina hikina o ka luni, nui loa nā kīkoki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino e loli ana mai ka 1.2 a hiki i ka 1,9 mika, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo - mai 0.7 a 1 mau mika.

I ke kiʻi aia he bea ʻeleʻeleʻele ma kahi lāʻau. He mea nui nā kumu piʻi no nā lāʻau bar - maʻa lākou e hānai ai a hūnā paha i kahi pōʻino.

Ka Himalayan a poepo keʻokeʻo paha (Ursus thibetanus) ʻike ʻia mai Iran a hiki i Asia Hema, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o China, ma Primorye, Iapana a me Taiwan. Makemake nā ʻoihana e noho i nā wao nahele o nā palena kai, subtropics a me nā pōkō.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 1.2-1.9 mika, ka nui o nā kāne 60-200 kg, nā wahine - 40-140 kg. Ma muli o ke kapa lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka be Himalayan ma mua o ka mea maoli. ʻEleʻele ʻia ka kapaʻula me ka māka ʻōhā v-keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma, ʻo kekahi māka aia ma ka ʻākā, a puni ka ʻāʻī he kolepa ʻo ka huluhulu lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea kuhi, pono ke kolu i ka hana i ka pale ʻana i ka poʻe hōʻino, no ka mea ua pili mau kēia ʻano ma hope o ka tiger.

Pali ka ʻōpiopio keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e nani i nā lāʻau, pinepine ka hana i kahi mea e like me ka nēnū, e kūlou ana i nā lālā i ka ʻala.

He iwi lōʻeha ka Himalayan bear. No 3 tausani mau makahiki i kēia manawa, ua ʻimi nā kānaka iā ia no ka mea o kāna mau puhaka a me ka papa puhaka (hoʻohana ʻia ka bile maloʻo ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina kuʻuna).

ʻO ka ola ola o kahi be Himalayan a hiki i 25 mau makahiki a hiki i 37 mau makahiki i ka noho pio ʻana.

ʻŌpiopio Malay

ʻO ka ʻanaka Malay a i ka biruang paha (Helarctos malayanus) nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi loa o nā bea, i kapa ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "dog bear". Ma muli o ko lākou ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi a me ko lākou hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi ʻana, ma Asia, ʻae mau ka poʻe Burma i ka noho pio ʻana he mau holoholona. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino e 140 cm, ke kaupaona nei lākou he 27-65 kilograms. ʻO ke kapa o nā bea Malay he pōkole, ʻeleʻele, me kahi keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmole ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe ma ka umauma.

Aia nā bea Malay ma Asia Hema a me East India. Pili ke ola o ko lākou ola me nā lāʻau, kahi a lākou e hiamoe pinepine ai i nā nest kūikawā i kūkulu ʻia. ʻAi lākou i ka hānai i nā hua like ʻole, akā inā lawa ʻole nā meaʻai, huli lākou i nā pepeke.

Ke alakaʻi nei ka bears i kahi nohona i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻopohala i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, a nui ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana (mai 3 a 8 mau mahina).

Ma ka noho pio ʻana, hiki i ka bear Malay ke ola a hiki i ka 33 makahiki.

Noho ʻo Gubach bear (Melandam ursinus) i India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka. Hele nui ia ma nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻūhā.

ʻO ka lōʻihi kino - 1.4-1.9 mika, ke kaumaha - 80-190 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kapa o ka gubach, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele me kahi keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma. Hāʻekuʻe liʻiliʻi kona mau manamana, ākea ka lewa, ke hoʻomāhuahua ʻia kona mau lehelehe (hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia i loaʻa ai kona inoa). Hoʻokomo kēia mau mea hana i ka ʻano e eli a huki i ka termites, kahi e hana ai i kahi mahele nui o kāna papa ʻana. A loaʻa iā ia kona inoa generic (Melandam) no kāna aloha kūikawā o ka meli: piʻi pinepine ʻo ia i nā lāʻau a mākaukau e hoʻomanawanui i ka wī ʻana o ka pi, ʻoiai wale nō e leʻaleʻa i nā meli. Hoʻopili i nā anai, nā mea inikua a me ka meli, e ʻai ana ʻo gubach i nā hua waina me ka leʻaleʻa.

Pono ka lōʻihi o ke kapa o Gubach, no ka mea he mea kupaianaha nō nā ʻano e noho ana ma ke ana. ʻO ka mea like, ke hana nei ʻo ia i ka hana like me ka lole o kaʻūlū a ke kanaka e noho nei i nā kime wela.

ʻO ka bea sponge no nā ʻano palupalu. I ka pio, ʻo ke ola o ka ola a hiki i ka 34 makahiki.

ʻO ka bear Spectacled (Tremarctos ornatus) noho i ka Andes mai hikina hikina i Venezuela i ka palena o Bolivia a me Argentina. Ua loaʻa ia ma nā ʻano ākea o nā biotypes: ma ka kuahiwi a me nā nāhelehele palupalu, nā wahi kuamoʻo alpine a hiki i nā wao nahele.

ʻO ka lōʻihi kino - 1.3-2.0 mika, ke kaupaʻa - 100-200 kg. He ʻeleʻele ka lole ma ka ʻōmole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano o ka bib ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻāʻī, nā umauma, a me nā maka a he mau māka ʻalani nā ʻano like ʻole like ʻole (no laila ka inoa o ka bear).

ʻO ka bea Spectacled he holoholona luhika. ʻOiai kona ʻokoʻa nui, ʻōwili a piʻi pono i nā lāʻau, kahi e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai a kūkulu i nā nangan no ka hoʻomaha ʻana mai nā lālā a me nā pua.

Ma nā wahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻano like ʻole ka hoʻohālikelike o nā bea hoʻonani, akā ua ʻānai nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu (huaʻai, bamboo, cacti, etc.) ma nā wahi āpau. Ua hele mai nō lākou i ka mahina ʻai, hua palaoa, hōʻauki ʻia i ka poʻe mahiʻai.

I ka noho pio ʻana, ola ke aniani i nā makahiki 39.

Nā panda nui

Loaʻa kahi ʻāpana panda a mākaia paha (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) ma Sichuan, Shanxi a me Gansu i ka waena a me nā komohana o Kina. E makemake ʻo ia i nā nāhelehe nāu, nāu nāu, i ka kiʻekiʻe o 1500-3400 mika ma luna o ke kai.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi panda nui ma nā lālā maloʻo he 70-80 cm, ke kaumaha ʻo 100-150 kg. He ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ka poli o ke aʻa o ka bana (poloka a puni ka maka, wahi a puni ka ihu, mua a me ka ʻūhā wāwae a me nā poʻohiwi ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā mea āpau).

ʻO ka papa ʻai ka mea nui o ka māla, nā mea maʻamau i ʻai i nā pōpoki o nā mea kanu, cereals, nā iniseti a me ka rodents.

I ke kūlohelohe, e noho mau nei ka panda a hiki i 20 mau makahiki, i ka hoʻopio - a i 30 mau makahiki.

I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻomau ʻia nei nā hana nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā panda nui, eia naʻe, ʻo ka pāpā ʻana i ke kī nui loa, aia nō ka holoholona i mau heihei. Ke hāʻule nei lākou i nā pahele i kau ʻia ma nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. E heluhelu hou e pili ana i ka panda nui.

He aha nā ʻano keu o nā bea i weliweli loa?

ʻ oftenlelo pinepine ʻia nā bear i nā holoholona nui a weliweli hoʻi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ko lākou ikaika a me nā nui e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi koke i kahi kanaka, akā naʻe, ke ʻano nui ka ulu ʻana o nā bea e kūʻē i ka poʻe.

ʻO nā wili polar wale nō, ʻo ia nā mea wānana maoli, ʻo lākou wale nō nā māka o ka ʻohana e ʻike maoli ana i ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he pio, ʻoiai ke ʻimi nei iā lākou e like me nā lono a pau. Hoʻokū ʻia kā lākou ʻeha me ka pōloli, ʻaʻole ka makaʻu. He kapa poli ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he pōʻino loa ia i nā kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe e noho kokoke kokoke i nā bears polar, a me nā poʻe, e ʻike me ka poʻe a lākou e pili ai, lawe mau i nā mea kaua me lākou.

ʻO ka ʻānō brown kahi lua i nā pilikia o ke kanaka, akā ʻo ko lākou uluʻana a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka nohona kikoʻī. ʻO ka grizzlies o ke kikowaena oʻAmelika, a me nā bea e noho ana i Siberia, he hōʻino maoli ia. Hoʻopau maoli nō kēia no nā kaikamāhine e pale nei i kā lākou mau lālā, a holoholona paha e pale i kā lākou pio. Ma nā māhele hikina o ʻEulopa, ua ʻike ʻia nā poʻe ʻolua e kū aʻe nei. Akā i ka mea maʻamau, nā bears a pau, e like me nā holoholona hihiu ʻē aʻe, e hoʻāʻo e hele i ke ala o kahi kanaka a i kēlā me kēia manawa e pale aku i nā hālāwai me ia.

Paʻa ʻeleʻele ʻo ʻAmelika, akā ʻo ka poʻe e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kānaka, e hoʻoweliweli pinepine ʻia nā kānaka, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻino iki iā lākou.

Hōʻoluʻolu loa nā bea Spectacled a i ʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka poʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona.

Ma waena o nā bea Asia, ʻo ka panda nui wale nō ka mea kanu lāʻau, a me ka kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ia e hopohopo i nā kānaka.

Hoʻoweliweli pinepine nā bears i nā kamaʻāina. Inā pilikia maoli lākou, kū maʻamau lākou i ko lākou wāwae hind, hoʻoiho i ka nui me ka uaki a hana i ka hōʻā ʻana i ka ʻenemi, akā he ʻano maoli lākou i ka hoʻouka ʻana.

ʻO nā bea Himalayan a me nā bea gubachi, kahi e hakakā pinepine i nā pōpoki nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana ma mua o ka holo. Nui ka manaʻo e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā bea gubachi ma mua o nā tigers.

Nā Hōʻoiaʻiʻo: Nā Mammals: complete Illustrated Encyclopedia / Transl. I. Predatory, mau loko moana, primates, tupai, mau ʻēheu hulu. / Ed. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", - 2007.

ʻAoʻao 1 o 2

Nā ʻāpana o nā pua

He mau holoholona ākea a ikaika nā bear, me ke kino ākea, ke poʻo nui a me nā wāwae ikaika. I ka ʻohana hānau, ua like like nā ʻano 8 o kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he omnivores, lehulehu i hāʻule i ka hibernation, bears e noho ana i nā ululāʻau e ʻike pehea e piʻi ai nā lāʻau. He mea maʻamau nā bears ma ka ʻĀkau Hemolele, mai North Pole a i ka nahele ma Asia Hikina a ma ka palena ʻohe o ʻAmelika Hema. Aia kekahi ʻano ma ʻAmelika Hema.

Hōʻike Brown

ʻO nā ʻakaʻaka brown ka wā o nā haku o nā nahele āpau ʻākau. Akā, ua hōʻoki ʻo ia i ka nahele. ʻAʻohe wahi e noho ai ma nā wahi ululāʻau pōpilikia, a i kēia manawa aia nā bea he nui wale i ka taiga pau ʻole a me nā mālama. Mālama ʻia nā bea i kēlā me kēia, i kona ʻāina ponoʻī, i ʻole e ʻae i kona mau hoalauna. Aʻa ikaika ka bear: pōloli, e lanakila ʻo ia i ka moose makua, hoʻolei i ka puaʻa nui. Akā ʻaʻole makemake nā bears i ka huki, a inā nui ka hua, nā huaʻai a me nā mea ʻala momona i ka nahele, ua ʻānai ʻole lākou i ka ʻai.

Ma Alaska (ʻAmelika ʻĀkau) a me Kamchatka i ke kauwela o ke kauwela, i ka wā e hele ai ka salmon i ka uka no nā muliwai, hele ka lawaiʻa. ʻO nā ʻānela brown e noho i nā wahi like ʻole o ka nui: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bea taiga ma mua o nā ʻāpana o nā ulu kūlima. ʻO nā bea brown nui loa - nā grizzlies - noho i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika Hema. He “brunette” a me nā “blondes”: ʻoi aku kekahi i ka hulu ʻulaʻula, aia kekahi ʻulaʻula māmā, a he ʻeleʻele kekahi.

No ka hoʻoilo, ua hele ka bea i kahi moe ma lalo o kahi hohonu, i loko o kahi nui o nā lāʻau i hāʻule a i ʻole i ke ana. Ma ke ʻākau, e hiamoe ana ka hiamoe mai Okakopa a ʻApelila, ma nā wahi mahana i ka lōʻihi o ka hiamoe o ka hoʻoilo. E lohi ana nā kaʻina ola a pau i kahi moe hiamoe, e emi ana ke ʻano. E hoʻomoʻi ka bear i ka momona mālama a hiki mai ka wela. Akā ʻaʻole ikaika ka hiamoe o ka beves e like me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Minamina, ala ʻo ia, haʻalele i ka lua a lele hewa ʻo lākou ma ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka lāʻau pilina pili ka holoholona maikaʻi loa i ka nahele. Hūlū ʻo Hunger iā ia e hōʻeha ʻoiai. I ka hoʻoilo, hānau ʻia nā cubs i ka lua o ka bear. Pau ka hoʻoilo i ka waiū o ka hiamoe, a i ka pūnāwai ke hele lākou i ka mālamalama.

Himalayan bear

Hema o ka bear brown, ma nā kuahiwi kuahiwi o Kaukusus, Iran, Afghanistan, Primorye, Iapana a me China, a i nā mauna Himalayan, ola kahi ola Himalayan. No ke kala o kona hulu ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi he be black black. A no ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma i ke ʻano o kahi crescent - he mahina a he ʻōpū keʻokeʻo paha keʻokeʻo.

Holo ʻole nā bea ʻeleʻele, akā ʻai i nā hua hua, nā hua ʻai, nā huaʻalā, nā huaʻai, nā ʻūhā, nā rhizome a me nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu, ʻai i nā mea hihiu, ʻai i ka pala. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻia nā bea ʻeleʻele i nā mea brown, kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai iā lākou e piʻi maikaʻi aku i nā lāʻau. A hiki i ka ʻōlapa ʻana o nā lālā, ʻokiʻoki ka ʻaka i nā lālā me nā hua ʻai a i ʻole nā hua liʻiliʻi, e ʻai ana iā lākou a hoʻopilipili ponoʻī iā ia iho, me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi moena ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka lāʻau, kahi i ʻaihue ai ka mea ʻai awakea, kokoke e waiho me kahi lei aliʻi. I nā pua o nā lāʻau kahiko, e noho no ka bea no ka ʻalani.

Baribal

Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ola kahi baribal bear - ʻeleʻele me kahi hāmama ʻala o ka muzzle. Aia pū kekahi wai kokoleka a me ka waiū lawaiʻa waiū, hiki i nā kaikaina ke loaʻa nā ʻahuʻula ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā balibals, e like me nā bea uliuli, aloha i nā meaʻai kanu, piʻi i nā lāʻau a hiamoe i ka hollows i ka hoʻoilo. Liʻiliʻi ka Baribal a hiki i ka waiwai o kahi grizzly nui.

Ma kahi o 200 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻimi kekahi mau pōneki ʻulaʻula i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kūlana hou mai ka taiga a i ka ʻākau. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e noho i loko o ke kaiko kai hoʻokipa ʻole a ma ka hau kū mau o ka Arctic. Ua hoʻololi nā kūlana ʻokoʻa a ko lākou ʻano. I waena o nā ʻīlio, nā bears me ka hulu hipa i pakele. No laila, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ia hanauna mai nā hanauna a ke keʻokeʻo. E maʻalahi ka mālama i ka mahana i loko o kahi kino nui, a ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kaikunāne brown. Ua ʻōmaʻomaʻo a nui hoʻi ka lauoho o lākou, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou mau wāwae i hāʻule ʻole i loko o ka hau. ʻO ke ola e ka moana i lilo i mau lawaiʻa nui. I ka hau, hoʻopoina lākou e pili ana i nā meaʻai kanu a lilo i poʻe ʻenemi, ʻai i nā kohu, nā iʻa, nā iʻa, nā kai, ʻaukā. Pēlā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā ʻano lāʻau hou - ʻo ka polar bear, ka holoholona hihiu nui loa o ka honua.

He wander a puni nā polar make; hele lākou i ko lākou ola āpau ma ke kahe hau, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻāina. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kai, manaʻo nui lākou - ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka meaʻai maʻamau: nā sila a me ka iʻa. Ma kahi ala kupaianaha, kū nā alohilohi i ke ala i loko o ka pouli o ka pō poloka, me nā leahi o nā kukui ʻākau, e ka hau māla. ʻO ka manawa, ke hui pū nei kēia mau lono mehameha, kamaʻilio a pāʻani pū kekahi me kekahi, a laila kēlā me kēlā me kēia wahi i ko lākou ala ponoʻī. ʻAʻole kohu ka mau beahi polar, akā inā ʻaʻohe nele o ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hiamoe no ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o kahi lua i hana ʻia me ka hau. Ma nā wahi kahi e hohonu ai nā hulu hau, ʻākoakoa nā bea. Hana lākou i ka laila i loko o ka hoʻoilo, kahi i kaena i ka anu a me ka makani, hānau lākou i nā cubs. E hōʻoli ʻia nā paʻu keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka ʻōpū o kona makuahine a hānai i kāna waiū a hiki i ka ikaika e launa pū me kona makuahine i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi. Kuhi ʻia nā bears polar i ka International Red Book.

ʻĀpana pīpī

ʻO ka bear wale i loaʻa i ka Hemolele Hema, ma nā kuahiwi o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ia ka puʻuwai pīhoihoi. ʻO ka lauoho lauoho ʻeleʻele o kēia bea ua hoʻolima ʻia me nā wahi ʻili ma luna o ka umauma a me nā maka, kahi i hui ai nā puka aniani keʻokeʻo - ʻo ia ka inoa o nā ʻano.

Hōʻike Spectacled - ʻo ia ka mea nui loa i ka ʻohana bear. ʻO ka holoholona hihiu pō, ua aʻo ʻia. Ua ʻike ʻia e makemake nui ia e ʻai i nā lau o nā lāʻau pāma, ka wāwahi i luna, piʻi i kahi lāʻau, akā ʻai i nā lau ma ka ʻōpū. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona "papa ʻaina" ma nā hua a me nā aʻa, me ke kaʻi ʻōpio a me nā guanaco llamas.

Bears a bears (lat. Ursidae) - kahi ʻohana mammals mai ke kauoha a nā holoholona hihiu. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o nā bears a pau mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia e kekahi holoholona stocky a maikaʻi aʻe.

Hōʻike wehewehe

ʻO nā mammals āpau mai ke kauoha Carnivorous mai ka pūʻulu o nā martin-like primititive predatory, kahi i ʻike ʻia me myacids (Miasidae), i noho i Paleocene a me Eocene. No nā kalona a pau nā Saniformia suborder nui. Ua manaʻo ʻia he mau kānaka ʻike kaulana ʻia kēia ʻano lawena i hoʻoili ʻia mai nā kūpuna like ʻole o ka ʻīlio like ʻole o nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole.

No nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe mai ke ʻano o nā holoholona hihiu, ʻo nā bears ka holoholona me ka hui like ʻana i ka nui, nā nui, a like nō hoʻi me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i ka waihona o loko. ʻO nā bea a pau ma waena o nā mākaʻi nui loa o nā holoholona predatory terrestrial hou. . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka pā poli a ka mea i loaʻa i ʻekolu mau mika me ka paona o ka 720-890 kg, a ʻo ka ʻ bearlio Malay he ʻāpana nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana, a ʻo kona lōʻihi ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika me ka paona o ke kino he 27-65 kg.

Nā hiʻohiʻona, nā kala

ʻO nā wī kāne kāne ma kahi o 10-20% nui aʻe ma mua o nā wahine, a i nā beanani polar e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia mau ʻōuli e like me 150% a keu paha. Loaʻa i ka hulu o ka holoholona a hoʻomohala ma lalo o ka undercoat. ʻO ka mānoanoa, nā manawa like ʻole ka hulu o ka lauoho ma ka nui o nā ʻano he kīnā o ka hina, a he haʻalulu a ka hulu o kahi ʻōmole Malay.

ʻAkahi ke kala o ka hulu, mai kahi pale a kahi ʻahuʻula i kahi kala keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa kahi loaʻa kahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike i ke kala ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo. Ma ka wahi o ka umauma a i ʻole a puni nā maka, e nānā ʻia nā mālamalama māmā. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻokoʻa e kēlā me kēia a me nā ʻia ʻāpana ʻano like o ka hulu ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa nā bears i ka dimorphism no ka manawa manawa, i hōʻike ʻia e nā loli ma ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka like o ka hulu.

ʻOkoʻa nā lālā a pau o ka ʻohana Bear ma ke kino a me ke kino ikaika, ʻehā pinepine me ka maloʻo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻO ka ʻano hiʻohiʻona ikaika a ulu hoʻi, ulu lima ʻelima lima lima i ke kīpiki nunui, ʻaʻohe retractable. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā ʻōpū ma nā ikaika ikaika, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā holoholona e piʻi ai i nā kumulāʻau, ʻeli ka lepo, a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka haki. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o nā kīʻaha grizzly hiki i 13-15 cm . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kaena o kahi holoholona hihiu o ke ʻano o ka hele-hele, ʻano he shuffling. He ono “pehi” nui i loko o kona mau wāwae mua, kahi panda nui a he kuʻina.

ʻO ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka pōkole, kokoke i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka uhi ʻana o ka hulu. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā panda nui, kahi lei lōʻihi a ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā maka kekahi he mau maka liʻiliʻi, he poʻo nui, aia ma ka mānoanoa a ʻoi paha ka ʻāʻī pōkole. ʻOi ka nui o ka cranium, ʻo ka manawa pinepine me ka ʻaoʻao elongated i kūkulu nui ʻia a pana i nā neʻe.

He hoihoi! He ulu a ulu loa nā bears a ma kekahi mau ʻano, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka like ʻana o ka ʻīlio, akā ʻo ka ʻike a me ka lohe ʻana o nā mea nui a he nui nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

ʻO nā pā ma zygomatic ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole, a ikaika loa nā ʻūhā, e hāʻawi ana i nā koikoi kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā lālā a pau o ka ʻohana Bear ma ke ʻano he nui manuahi a me nā mea haki, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā niho i koena, akā ke ʻano pinepine nei ko lākou ʻano a me ke ʻano. Hiki i ka nui o nā niho ke hoʻololi ma waena o nā ʻāpana 32-42. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka hele ʻana o kahi ʻano kanaka a pilikino paha e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana niho.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

ʻO nā bears he mau ʻānela maʻamau e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona kala ʻole, no laila e makemake nā holoholona like ia e hui pū me kekahi me ke kumu no ka male ʻana. ʻO ke ʻano o Males, e like me ke kānāwai, hana a hiki ke luku aku i nā cubs e kokoke kokoke ana i ka wahine i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāinana o ka ʻohana Bear ma ko lākou mākaukau maikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ola, no laila hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻalākula, nā hau a me nā ʻanuʻu, a me nā kīʻaha koʻikoʻi nā ala o ka meaʻai a me ke ola.

ʻO kahi hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻōpiopio e noho ana i nā ka nahele a i nā mauna kai nahele i nā lehelehele a i ʻole nā pulu mauna. ʻOi aku ka luhi, kahi i ʻike ʻia i kahi neoneo i nā wahi kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe me nā mea kanu ʻole. Ua hoʻopili paʻa ʻia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau me nā kaola i loko o ka wai, me nā kahawai mauna a i ʻole nā māka moku, nā muliwai a me nā kai moana. ʻO ka Arctic, a me ka lapana nui

He hoihoi! ʻO ke kai Arctic ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā bea polar, a me ke ola o kahi waʻai ʻona e pili ana i nā ululāʻau subtropical, taiga, anuʻu a me nā tundra, nā wahi wao.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā bears i ka ʻohana o nā holoholona predatory terestrial, akā ʻo nā bea polar he mau mākia semi-aquatic o ka ʻohana. ʻO nā ʻakaʻaka Malay he mau mea maʻamau o ka nohona semi-lāʻau, no laila hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā lāʻau a kūkulu i kahi malu a i kapa ʻia nā "mōnī". Koho kekahi mau ʻano ʻōiwi i nā lua i noho ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu kumu o nā kumulāʻau a me nā ʻāpana o ka nui.

E like me ke kānāwai, nā alakaʻi o nā ʻohana Bear a me ke kaina Carnivorous e alakaʻi i kahi ola nocturnal, no laila keʻa pinepine lākou i ka holo i ke ao. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kolohe polar i kahi ʻokoʻa i kēlā mau kānāwai laulā. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mammals Predatory, ke alakaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano hilikele, i ka wā o ke ʻano o nā “lawaiʻa ʻana” a me ka hana ʻana, a me ke ʻano o kā lākou huaʻala. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pūʻulu o ia mau holoholona i nā pū ka wai maʻamau a ma nā wahi hānai maʻamau.

Ehia nā bea e ola ai

Hiki ke loli ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā bears ma ke ʻano ma muli o nā ʻano kikoʻī o kēia mammal predatory.

Nā wīwī Spectacled - ʻelua mau makahiki,
Nā ʻona ʻoniʻoni ʻo Apennine - a i iwakālua mau makahiki,
ʻO Tiars Shan bears brown brown - a i ʻole iwakālua mau makahiki a i ʻole hapa makahiki.
Nā kuli polar polar - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi kenekulia
ʻO Gubachi - ʻoi aku ma kahi o iwakālua mau makahiki.

I ka noho pio ʻana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka momi predatory e like me ke kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā beves brown ke noho i loko o ka noho pio ʻana no nā makahiki he 40-45.

ʻO ka māhele

ʻO nā bean Spectacled wale nō nā māka o ka ʻohana Bear e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Hema, kahi e makemake ai ka mea kūʻai aku i nā kuahiwi o Venezuela a me Ecuador, Colombia a me Peru, me Bolivia a me Panama. - he kanaka noho o Lena, Kolyma a me Anadyr kahawai kahawai, ka hapanui o East Siberia a me ka awāwa ʻo Stanovoi, ʻākau ʻĀsia, kekahi mau wahi o Kina a me nā palena palena o Kazakhstan.

Kahi ʻia ka Grizzlies ma ke komohana o Kanada a me Alaska, a he lehulehu kekahi mau poʻe i pakele i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e komo pū ana me Montana a me ke komohana ʻākau. Loaʻa nā bea enaena ʻo Tien Shan ma nā kālai Tien Shan, a me nā Dzungarian Alatau, nona nā kuahi mauna, a loaʻa nā Mazalai ma nā kuahiwi wao nahele ʻo Tsagan-Bogdo a me Atas-Bogdo, kahi i loaʻa ai nā lāʻau maloʻo ʻōpala a me nāʻu he mau ʻōpala.

ʻO ka būlima polar he circumpolar, a noho i nā kaʻe o ka circumpolar i ka ʻākau ʻākau o ko mākou honua. ʻO nā kāhea keʻokeʻo Himalayan keʻokeʻo e hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā puʻu a me nā kuahiwi o Iran a me Afghanistan, Pakistan a me Himalaya, a hiki i Iapana a me Korea. Ke piʻi nei nā ʻelele o nā ʻano i ke kauwela ma Himalaya i ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻekolu a he ʻehā paha mau mita, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu ua iho lākou i lalo o ka mauna.

Noho ʻo Gubachi ma nā wūlau a me nā ululāʻau subtropical o India a me Pakistan, ma Sri Lanka a me Nepal, me Bangladesh a me Bhutan. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Biruangs mai ʻākau ʻākau ʻĀsia iā Indonesia, e loaʻa iā Sumatra a me Kalimantan, a ʻo ka mokupuni ʻo Borneo e noho ʻia e nā subspecies Nelarstos malayanus eurysrilus.

Hōʻike i ka waihona o ka honua

ʻO nā lālā āpau o ka ʻohana Bear, ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka nui hoʻoweliweli, he ʻokoʻa loa ka hopena o ka fauna a me ka flora i kā lākou mau wahi. Pākuʻi ʻia nā polar a me ka bearer brown i ka hoʻoponopono o ka nui o ka ungulates a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

Hāʻawi nā mea kanu āpana āpau i ka hāʻawi ikaika ʻana i nā hua o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā bea polar kuʻi pinepine ʻia e nā ʻalopelo arctic e ʻai ana i kā lākou ʻai.

Hōʻike kaulike

ʻO nā bea spectacled ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka ʻohana, a ʻo kā lākou papa nui e loaʻa i nā pua herbaceous, nā huaʻai a me ka rhizomes o nā mea kanu, nā hua palaoa, i kekahi manawa he mau ʻōpū ma ke ʻano o nā semima a me ka huaʻī. Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka pāʻai ʻana o ka bear Siberian i nā iʻa, a ʻo Kodiaki nā holoholona omnivorous e hānai ana i nā mea kanu lāʻau, hua a me nā aʻa, a me nā meaʻai ʻai, nā ʻano o nā iʻa a me nā ʻano kalima.

ʻO ka ʻaina puaʻa ʻai ʻia a i ʻole nā Tibetan brown bear i hānai nui ʻia i nā mea kanu lāʻau, a me nā pikes, no laila ke kumu i loaʻa ai ko lākou inoa. ʻO ka mea nui o nā bea polar e hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻailona paʻa, nā ʻoni kai, nā walruses a me nā holoholona holoholona he nui. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻowahāwahā i ka ʻumi a me ka makemake, ʻai nui i ka iʻa make, nā hua a me nā moa, hiki ke ʻai i ka mauʻu a me nā ʻano āpau āpau, a ma nā wahi i huli ʻia e ʻimi ai i nā meaʻai i loko o ka nui o ka nui.

ʻO ka papa ʻai ʻana o nā bea keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ʻo Himalayan he 80-85% i hōʻike ʻia e nā huahana o ka mea kanu mea kanu, akā hiki i ka mea kuhi ke hoʻohana i nā ʻalopua a me nā mea ʻaiu ʻē aʻe, a me nā molluska a maikaʻi loa nā pōʻaiʻai a me nā pōlani no ka meaʻai. ʻO nā ʻolua Gubachi, like nō hoʻi, i hoʻohui ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana i nā mea ulaula kolony, e pili ana i nā anai a me nā popo. ʻAi ʻia nā biruangs a pau, akā mālama nui i nā mea hihiu, e komo pū me nā piʻipiʻi, nā hua me nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala a me nā mea kanu rhizome.

Ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana i nā koena fossilized, manaʻoʻiʻo nā paleontologists e hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā kūpuna o nā bears i kēia wā mai ka wā Oligocene, ma kahi o 30-40 miliona mau makahiki i hala. A laila mai nā karnivora e noho ana i nā lāʻau a kapa ʻia i nā holoholona myacids (Miacidae), kū kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a laila ka lua, ua komo pū ʻia nā raccoons maʻamau a me nā noses, a me ke kolu, hoʻohui i nā kuʻina - nā ʻolio, nā alopeke, nā coyotes, nā ʻīlio.

ʻO nā hui ʻekolu ʻekolu i hōʻike ʻia - nā bears, raccoons, a me nā canine - loaʻa ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mamalia ʻē aʻe. Malia paha ma muli o kaʻoiaʻiʻo i nā mea i hoʻomaka i nā mea maʻalahi i maʻalahi. Akā ma luna o miliona miliona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona o ka nui a me ka puʻupuʻu. ʻOiai ka lilo ʻana o ka mea pōʻino, ua koho maikaʻi ke koho kūlohelohe i ka puka ʻana o nā mea hoʻomohala dodgy a me ka dexterous. Bears, raccoons a me kahi ʻohana canine i ola ma o ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou lolo.

Manaʻo kekahi mau paleontologists e hana ʻoi loa ʻo ka mea kahiko i kapa ʻia he bear ʻo ia ʻo Ursavuselemensis, kahi manuʻīlio puaʻa e noho ana ma ʻEulopa ma kahi o 20 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

ʻO nā holoholona a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bear-like e like me paha eono miliona mau makahiki i hala a ua ulu i loko o nā holoholona he nui, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui. Akā, ua hala wale aku kēia mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole, no ka loli wale nō o ke anā a me ka noho.Ua manaʻo ʻia aia nā hua wīwī i kēia manawa mai ka holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo Protandam, ka mea i hoʻololi i ka ʻatikala Ursus 2 a i 3 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Hele nā kūpuna ma nā lālani ʻekolu: ʻo ka ʻEulopa, ka mea nona ka luna i hoʻopaʻa mua ai i ka bea hope leʻa, ʻo U. spelaus, a me ʻelua mau ʻĀsia, kahi e iho mai ai nā bea a me nā ʻeleʻele i kēia manawa.

Ma kahi liʻiliʻi he ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui i kipa i kahi ʻāpana nui o ʻAmelika Hema. Ua ʻaihue kahi lua lua, noho ma Florida, ma ke kahakai o Coates Bay, a hele i luna o Tennessee. Holo ka ʻahaʻumi puʻupuʻu i hele a puni ka ʻāina mai Alaska a i Mexico a kū hou i ka hikina a hiki i Virginia. ʻO ka mea ʻike, ʻo ia ka pua nui loa o ka wai hau: ma luna o ʻelima mau wāwae (1.52 mau mika) ma ka pae o ke kāʻei o ka poʻohiwi, i kona hele ʻana ma ka maʻamau ʻole e piʻi ana i kona mau wāwae hind, i.e. 15 pakeneka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka bea grizzly (he ʻano nui i loaʻa i kahi kaila brown) e noho nei i kēia lā ma kahakai o Alaska. Hiki i ka onokela pākuhi ke hopu maʻalahi i ka momi prehistoric nui.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia nā bea brown mua loa ma Kina. Halahalaha lākou i ʻAsia, ʻEulopa, a laila i ka wā o ka hau ma ka Bering Strait i hāʻule i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO ka ʻōpio ka ʻōpiopio o nā ʻano hou o kēia wā ka polar, a i ʻole ke kuli, i kahe mai nā lā Siberia brown bear a hoʻokahi kaukani tausani a i ʻole hapa o ka miliona mau makahiki i hala.

Hoʻopohala i ke ola ma nā kūlana koʻikoʻi arctic, kahi o nā mea kanu i ʻole nui ʻole a i ʻole i ka nalo wale ʻia, pono nō ke hoʻololi wale i ke kala o ke kapa i ke keʻokeʻo, akā, ʻo ka hoʻomohala koke i ka mākaukau no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai hou. Ua lilo kēia mau holoholona i mea ʻiʻo loa o nā bea āpau. Ma ka hapa nui o ka Arctic, ʻaʻai wale nā polu i nā kai.

ʻO ke ʻano like me ka helehelena, akā, ʻokoʻa loa ia mai kahi oso, ʻo ka holoholona he panda, ʻo kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo panda bear. Hōʻike kekahi mau zoologists ʻōnaehana iā ia i kekahi ʻanoʻano maʻamau o nā bears, akā naʻe ke ʻano maoli ʻia ka ʻano hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o ka panda. Ua hele mai kēia holoholona mai myacides.

No ka wā lōʻihi, ua hāʻawi ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka panda i nā raccoons ma mua o nā bears. ʻOiai ʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema ma ka hopena e ʻae i ka mana o nā panda. ʻO ia wale kēia ʻano mea like a kona manamana lima i hoʻololi ai i mua o ka wāwae kuʻekuʻe i kūkulu ʻia i kahi lima eono i hana ʻia, e like me ka hua a ka pu. Ua ʻano holoholona kēia ʻano holoholona me ka raccoon, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hakahaka ma mua o ka bear a i ʻole ka raccoon. Akā, hui pū ʻo ia me nā bears e kona kūlana makaʻu ʻole - ua pilikia koʻikoʻi lākou a pau. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka māhele ʻana o ka ʻohana bear i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, he mea pili i nā subspecies. I ka manawa, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i kēia papa inoa, i hāpai ʻia e nā poʻe loea.

ʻAno ʻAmelika Hema (Ursus americanus)
Asiatic ʻeleʻele or moon bear (Selenarctos thibetanus)
Brown bear, me ka Alaskan brown bear a me ke aniani grizzly (U. arctos)
Keokeo, ai ʻole hoʻi i ka polar, bear (U. maritimus)
Gubach, a i ʻole India, bear (Melursus ursinus)
Spectacled, a Andean, bear (Tremarctos ornatus)
ʻOmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole Malay, bear (Helarctos malayanus)

ʻO nā bears he mau holoholona hihiu ikaika me nā wāwae mānoanoa me nā wili o ke aohiwi. I ke hele ʻana, neʻe lākou i ka wāwae holoʻokoʻa, no ia mea i loaʻa ai iā lākou ka inoa "pani-hele." ʻO ka wikiwiki loa e hiki ai i ka mea kuhi ke hoʻomohala he kanalima mau hola no ka hola.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano like ʻole

Wahi a noiʻi , Ma ka Honua, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona make he ʻelima a iono paha mau makahiki i hala. ʻĀnō i nā ʻepekema ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano 8 i loko o ka ʻohana bear:

Brown bear,
Himalayan
panda nui,
polar bear,
spa bear
palua
hoʻokolohua,
Mālei.

Pākuʻi nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēia poʻe panahewa. No ka hoʻohālikelike, hoʻopau ka polar bear i ka ʻiʻo wale nō, hoʻonaninani ka panda i nā mea kanu wale nō, ʻoiai ʻē aʻe ka launa pū me lākou i nā hua ʻai, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā manu, a me ka ʻai.

Loaʻa nā ʻano āpau āpau me nā ʻāpana kūwaho waho, kokoke like i ka nui a me ke ʻano like. ʻO nā bear nā holoholona manuahi nui e noho ana ma ka honua.

ʻĀnō momona ākea

ʻO kēia ka nui o nā ʻano manu. no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana like ʻole a me nā wahi noho. Hiki iā lākou ke hālāwai ma nā wao nahele a me nā wahi mauna, i ka taiga mākaʻu a hiki i waho o ka Pae Arctic. I ka wā kahiko, noho kēia mau bea ma Iapana, akā i kēia manawa ua nalowale kēia ʻano o nā bea mai ka ʻāina o ka Rising Sun.

Kekahi mau ʻāpana like ʻole ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana a me nā wahi waena o Europa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me lākou wale i nā kuahiwi. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻoiai ua loaʻa kēia ʻano bea i kēia wā me ka piha. Akā i loko o nā wahi o ka Far East a me Siberia, mau ke aloha brown me ka hauʻoli no ka nui o nā meaʻai like.

Ma muli o ka nui o kā lākou wahi noho, ua loaʻa i kēia mau bears ka nui o nā mau subspecies, ka ʻano like me ka nui a me ka nui. ʻO ka paona o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano kumulāʻau o nā ʻāpana brown e hoʻomaka i hoʻokahi haneli kilograms a hiki ke hiki i hoʻokahi ton.

ʻO nā subspecies o kēia ʻano nui o nā mea ʻōpiopio:

Nā ʻ Kamlelo Ussuri a me Kamchatka,
bear american grizzly
nā hae european brown.

ʻAno kala ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano kea mai ka maka aku i ke ʻano he poli pōkole. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona clubfoot aia ma ka waena o 200-280 kenimika.

E alakaʻi ana nā mea ʻona brown i kahi ala ola, kahi ʻāina e noho ai ka mea e ola ai i nā mile he ʻumi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mālama maoli ka holoholona i nā palena o kāna mau "waiwai", akā ma kēia pūnaewele aia nā wahi e ʻimi ai ka mea lawepio i ka ʻona a hana i nā mea ʻai, ke kipa ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e pani ʻia e ka mea nona.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ke brown brown. I kēlā manawa, pono ka māka, huna ʻia mai ka nānā ʻana i nā maka i kahi wahi ʻole e komo ai. No ka hana i kēia, e waiho ka bear a i nā lau a maloʻo paha ma lalo o ia. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, pono ka loaʻa o ka bea i kanalima pākeleka o ka momona subcutaneous. No ka hoʻokō i kēia, pono ka ʻai e ʻai ai ma kahi o ʻehiku haneli kilograms o nā hua like a me ʻelima mau haneli o nā pine pine. A ʻo ia nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe .

ʻO nā papa kākela ka mea maʻamau, nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā aʻa, nā hua. I kekahi manawa, nā pepeke, nā pepeke a me nā mea pili o lākou, e hele mai ana nā keiki liʻiliʻi i kā lākou papa. Hiki i ka ʻenikele ke hopu i nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ka nahele.

ʻO ka hiamoe ʻana o ka waiona brown i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana he mea naʻauao loa, akā, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ala i ka ala, no ka mea he nui ka "moe nui a ka hiamoe" he pōʻino nui loa. I ka wā hānau ʻana, ua emi iho ka hana o ka puʻuwai a me ka hanu o ka mea hoʻoneʻe i ke kalapu i nā manawa he nui, hōʻemi ʻia ma waena o nā inhalations a me nā hanu hiki ke 4 mau minuke. Hoʻ hāʻule nō hoʻi ke ea kino , aia ma waena o 29-34 mau degere. ʻAe kēia kūlana i ka mea hoʻoholo e hoʻopau i nā momona momona i ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana.

Mea Hōʻike Maluhia Himalayan

ʻO kēia ʻano oso kāhea ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka bei asiatic black. I ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu Himalayan ma kahi o ka ʻāpana, a ʻoi ʻia ke ʻano. Loaʻa iā ia kahi paʻu nani, ke kākoʻo elongated iki a me nā pepeiao nui. Ke noho nei kēia mau mea minamina ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Asia Hikina, mai Iran kahi kūlana maikaʻi a i hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo Iapana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokahuli i kahi bear Asia ma Indochina, ke Himalima hema, a me Afghanistan. Ma Lusia, hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia kēia mau ʻakaʻaka ma ka ʻAmelika Ussuri, ma waho o Amur, i ka ʻāina ʻākau.

He kime-ʻeleʻele ka bears Harsayan me kahi keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha ma ko lākou mau umauma, he ākea ka lauoho ko lākou, ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho a hāpai iki paha, e hana ana i kahi ʻano mane. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ko lākou mau mea ke hele i ka lōʻihi o 170 kenimita , ʻo ko lākou kaupaona koʻikoʻi ka 140 kilo. Manaʻo kēia mau bears i ke ʻano he ala maikaʻi, no laila ua ikaika a kiki ko lākou mau ʻānō, no laila ua pipi maikaʻi lākou i nā lālā.

Ma ka puʻuwai o ka meaʻai o ka mākaukau o ka Himalayan o ka ʻohana bear nā mea kanu. I ke kauwela, ʻai ʻo ia i nā lau nahele hou, nā mea kanu, nā aʻa, nā huaʻa, a me nā inisona hoʻi. I ka pūnāwai, ua waiho ʻia nā hua pā niu a me nā hua lāʻau i ka ʻāina mai ka makahiki i hala aku nei e lanakila ana kāna meaʻai. He mau niho momona nui kēia mau ʻōlima a ʻaʻole loa e hōʻole i ka ʻahaʻaina ma ka meli o nā piʻu hihiu a i ʻole e hoʻoulu i ka apiary. ʻO kekahi manawa ke hoʻopili ʻia kaʻai ʻana o ka bear a ka Asian me ka ʻi o ka ungulates, rodents a me nā amphibians.

ʻO kēia mau ʻano pelekikena kūloko He pōʻino no nā kānaka, no ka mea ʻoi loa kēia mau bea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū no ka hopu me kahi tiger a Bengal a me kahi leopio. Ma nā'āinaʻEulopa, ua nui nā hihia i hōʻeha ʻia e nā bea Himalayan i nā holoholona.

Na panda nui maikaʻi

Noho ʻo Pandas ma nā ululāʻau o ke kikowaena a me ke komohana o Kina a aia ʻo ia ma lalo o ka palekana o ka mokuahi, no ka mea, he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi lākou. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hānau ʻia o kēlā me kēia pā hou a ʻike ʻia he hanana hauʻoli.

Aia kekahi mau kala ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo. , ma ka lōʻihi hiki aku lākou i 120 cm, ko lākou kiʻekiʻe loa he 160 kg. He kino pepeke ko lākou me ka poʻo nui, pōkole nā wāwae o kā lākou mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ua kuhi ka poʻe ʻepekema no ka wā lōʻihi e pili ana i ka ʻohana e "hoʻomaopopo" ka pandas - ka wai haʻalulu, a i ʻole raccoon. Akā ma muli o nā haʻawina he nui, huli ia ka pilina o ke kino o ka panda e pili ana i ka bear, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona he mau ʻano o nā raccoons.

Ua lohi a ʻano noʻonoʻo nā Pandas, no laila ke makemake lākou e ola wale nō naʻe, akā naʻe, i ka pūnāwai ua male lāua me nā kānaka o ka wahine ʻē aʻe no ka moe.

Mālama ka Pandas i nā pua wana hou no ka hapa nui, a i kekahi manawa ke ʻike ʻia e nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a me nā iʻa paha.

Makou polar bear

ʻO ka poli bear ka nui ʻelele o ka ʻohana bear. ʻO ka paona o nā mea kūlike mai 300-800 kilograms. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka wahine ke hōʻea i nā 400 kilogram wale nō, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne, a kaupaona kekahi o kā lākou mau luna i lalo o ka ton. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kaila o kēlā bea hiki ke 3 mika.

Noho ka poʻe hoʻokeo keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻākau ʻākau, me nā ʻupuʻu nui e noho ana ma kahi o ke Kai Bering, ʻaʻole kaulana i Svalbard. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā mau ʻōlima, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a he ʻano ʻōpala pāpaʻi. Paʻule ʻia ko lākou kapa, akā i kekahi manawa ke loaʻa i ke kaomi melemele ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā, ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o nā bea.

Aia aneane ua nui nā mea kanu i ka pāʻai o kēia ʻano predator. ʻO nā mea nui "kīhai" i ka papa o nā bea keʻokeʻo, he mau ʻīlio, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā manu, walruses, nā rodents, nā meaʻawa e pili ana i ke kai.

ʻO ka bea polar he wahi pōʻino koʻikoʻi i nā mea nānā i ka polar. Inā ʻaʻole hopohopo mua nā ʻano manu like ʻole, a laila hiki i nā kaikunāne keʻokeʻo ke hele pololei i kahi kanaka.

ʻO Gubach Bear - kahi kamaʻilio o nā ʻāina kaiāulu

ʻO ka wahi noho o ka Gubach bear kahi lāʻau lāʻau o ka mokupuni o Ceylon, India, Nepal a me Sri Lanka. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona lā. na bears me nā wāwae lōʻihi e pāpale i nā piki a me nā koʻikoʻi. ʻO kona kapa, maloʻo, lōʻihi, ʻeleʻele me kahi hōʻailona keʻokeʻo V-ʻano ma kona umauma, e ulu ana i nā ʻōnaʻi like ʻole, no laila ʻo ka bea ke ʻano kūlike. He helehelena hiʻohiʻona kona mau maka, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kona mau lehelehe, a ʻoiai e ʻai ana, e hoʻopili ana ka bea i kona mau lehelehe i ke ʻano i loaʻa i nā ʻano kamela ʻokoʻa.

Kuhi ka span i ka lōʻihi o 180 centimeter, a ʻo kona kaumaha he aia i loko o 140 kilograms. I ke ao, makemake ʻo ia e hiamoe malū, ke ʻalā nei a kani nui loa, a ʻimi ʻo ia i ka ʻai no ka pō.

ʻAi kēia mau ʻānela i nā hua o nā lāʻau a me nā pepeke. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā ia nā pepeke me ka puhi pū ʻana iā lākou mai ka ʻā o nā kumulā, a huki iā ia i loko o ka waha me ka lewa. Kōkua nā mea kīpaki i ka hiki ʻana i nā inikua a me kā lākou mau puʻuwai, me ke kōkua o ia mau lehelehe e uhaʻi i nā lāʻau pala.

ʻIliʻeleʻele

Noho nā poʻe ʻākau ma ʻAmelika Hema , ma Kanada, Alaska, ma ke Pakipika a me Atlantik. Ua like ʻo Baribal me ka bea brown, akā ʻeleʻele ke kapa o kona kapa, ʻoi aku ka elielated a me ka melemele, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mau ʻāpana ma mua o kahi hoa ʻai ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kino o ka baribal ka 180 he kenimita lōʻihi, a ʻo ke kaumaha ma ia wahi he 120-150 kilograms.

ʻO nā ʻānela nui nā puʻupuʻu lōʻihi e hiki ai iā ia ke piʻi maikaʻi. ʻAi ʻia ka bati ʻala i ka ʻai o nā mea kanu, akā, nā mea kanu, kā lākou ʻōpio, a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi hoʻi i loko o kāna papaʻai.

Maʻaleʻa ka hānai meli

ʻO ka lālā liʻiliʻi o nā ʻohana bearish is a malay bear, or biruang. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino e kū ai i nā kenimika 140 wale nō, a ʻo ke kaumaha ma loko o 65 kilogram. Noho ke keiki “pēpē” ma hikina hikina a pae aʻe i Indonesia.

ʻO ke kapa pōkole ʻo Biruang he pōkole, keʻokeʻo, like me ka ʻōpala ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka muzzle a ʻeleʻele a me ka hina paha, ma ka umauma he hōʻailona lio-ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha. Ua pālahalaha kona mau wāwae, a he ikaika nā nāhele, he ʻano lihi.

Ke alakaʻi nei ka Malay Malay i kahi ola nocturnal, a i ka lā e moe mālie ana lākou ma kahi lāʻau ma lalo o ka lā mahana. ʻAi ka oso i nā mea a pau no ka meaʻai:

pua a nā mea kanu
nā hua
pepona
mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi.

Ka Waihona

Inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā bea me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona like maʻamau, nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano kūloko, ka nui. I kēia manawa, ʻo ia nā mākaʻi nui loa o nā holoholona predatory terrestrial. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā bea polar ke hiki i ka loa o ke kino a hiki i ʻekolu mau mika me ke kaupaʻa o 750 a me 1000 kg!

ʻO ka hulu manu nā holoholona i hoʻomohala maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka pā ʻana. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka lauoho. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke kaena i kēlā kapa huluhulu - nāwele kona kapa a maloʻo.

ʻOkoʻa ke kala - mai ka ʻeleʻele i ka keʻokeʻo, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike. ʻAʻole loli ka kala i ka manawa.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻehā e noho ana i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻIke nui lākou i nā kapuwai a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, i nā ulu lāʻau a me ka hau hau o Arctic. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kuʻuna o ka bea me ke ʻano o ka ʻai a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe ʻōlelo i ka mea e manaʻo ai e noho i nā kuahiwi a i ʻole nā ʻeleʻele mau.

ʻOkoʻa nā bears i ka pō. ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe wale nō ka polar bear - he ʻano holoholona e alakaʻi i kahi nohona o kēlā me kēia lā.

He mau kauka ʻaʻa. Akā naʻe, makemake kekahi mau holoholona i kēia a i kēlā meaʻai. No ka hoʻohālikelike, aneane pinepine ka polar i ka ʻiʻo mammalia no ka panda, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o nā pua wana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohui lākou ia me kahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā meaʻai holoholona.

ʻAno ʻano ʻano

ʻO ka pinepine, nīnau nā mea aloha holoholona i ka nīnau: "Ehia mau ʻano puaa lehulehu e noho nei ma ka Honua?" ʻO ka poʻe makemake e pili ana i kēia mau holoholona, ua like lākou he hapa he nui o lākou. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia. I kēia mau lā, noho ʻia ko mākou honua e nā ʻano puaa, kahi papa inoa i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e like me kēia:

Aia nā ʻākele a me nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau holoholona, akā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ma ka ʻatikala.

Nā ʻāpana brown

ʻO kēia nā holoholona nui a ʻōleʻomaʻi. Belong i ka ʻohana hānau. ʻO ka lōʻihi kino - mai 200 a 280 cm.

He ʻano maʻamau maʻamau kēia. noho a puni ka nahele Eurasian a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I kēia lā, ua nalowale kēia mea pōpilikia mai ka ʻāina ʻo Iapana, ʻoiai ma ka manawa kahiko he mea maʻamau ia ma ʻaneʻi. Ma ke Komohana a me Central Europe, hiki i nā ʻakaʻaka nā lau e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi ākea. Aia ke kumu e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ai ma kēia mau ʻāina he mau mea aniani ka hopena. ʻO ka ʻānu mau ka pālahalaha ʻia i Siberia, ka Far East a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ko kākou ʻāina.

ʻO nā holoholona brown he mau holoholona sedentary. Ma kahi kūlelele e noho lā hoʻokahi kanaka e hiki ai i nā haneli mau haneli mau mile. ʻAʻole kēia e ʻōlelo i ka mea e kiaʻi pono ʻana i nā palena o kā lākou ʻāina.Ma kēlā me kēia pūnaewele kahi wahi noho mau holoholona e hānai ai i ka holoholona, kūkulu i nā hale noho a me nā mea ʻai.

ʻOiai ke hoʻonoho ʻia, hiki i kēia mea kuhi ke neʻe i nā makahiki pōloli i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai nui aʻe ma kahi o 300 mau mile.

Hoʻomaka

ʻIke ka poʻe āpau i ka hoʻoilo, he hibernates brown brown. Ma mua, hoʻomākaukau ʻo ia i kāna den, kahi e hoʻopuni ai ʻo ia i nā wahi paʻakikī a hiki ke piʻi aʻe - ma nā mokupuni i waenakonu o nā wahi wai, i loko o kahi pā. Ke waiho nei ka bear i ka hohonu o kona home hoʻoilo me ka mauʻu maloʻo a me ka moʻo paha.

I mea e ola maluhia ai ka hoʻoilo, pono e hōʻiliʻili ka bea ma kahi o kanalima kilegama o ka momona. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻai ʻo ia i kahi o 700 kilograms o nā hua a ma kahi o 500 kilokilā o nā pine paila, ʻaʻole i helu i nā kīmeni ʻē aʻe. I ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki maloʻo no nā huaʻai, e hoʻohiki i ka wa ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau i nā mahina i lulu ʻia me nā oats, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema i hele aku lākou i ka hua palaoa. Hoʻopilikia kekahi mau ʻale a hoʻoweliweli iā lākou.

Nui ka poʻe e manaʻo nei e pili ana i ka wā o nā holoholona hibernation e hoʻohemo ai i ka hana. ʻAʻole maopopo kēia. Hiamoe loa lākou. I ka wā hānau ʻana, e wā hele ʻole ka neʻe ʻana o ka holoholona, lohi i kona ʻano puʻuwai a me nā pulmonary. ʻO ke kino o ke kino mai ka 29 a 34 i ka degere. ʻO kēlā me kēia hanu 5-10, lōʻihi kahi pōkole lōʻihi, i kekahi manawa ke lōʻihi a hiki i ʻehā mau minuke. I kēia kūlana, pau ka hoʻolako ʻia ʻana o nā momona. Inā i ka manawa o kēia manawa ka hānai ʻana mai ka lua, hoʻomaka koke e luhi i ka paona a he mea pono ia i ka meaʻai. I kēlā ʻano hea e lilo ai i ka "hehi", a i ʻole ka mea e kapa ʻia ai e ka poʻe, he lāʻau hono. I kēia moku'āina, he mea pōʻino loa ia.

Kūlike i ke kūlana climatic, hiki i ka mea kōpei i ka hibernation mai ʻekolu a ʻeono malama. Inā he meaʻai ma nā ʻāina hema, ʻaʻole paha e hānau nā ʻaka i ka make, akā e hiamoe wale nō a hiamoe wale nō. ʻO nā wahine me nā mania hoʻokahi mau makahiki e hiamoe i ka lua.

Mea ʻai

ʻAe like ʻole nā ʻanoa like ʻole e ʻai i nā meaʻai like ʻole. Hoʻohana pinepine nā holoholona o kēia ʻano i nā huaʻai, nā huaʻaola a me nā meaʻai lāʻau ʻē aʻe, akā i kekahi manawa ke hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā ʻōpala, nā pepeke pepeke, nā rodents, me nā lako o ka hoʻoilo. Kuhi pinepine, ʻoi aku nā kāne i nā puʻuwā i ka nahele. ʻOiai ʻo ka clumsiness ʻikeaʻi, hiki i ka pea kepa i ka mea wikiwiki loa a me ke kaumaha. Noho mālie ʻo ia i kāna hiʻu a loaʻa iā ia i kahi wikiwiki. I ka manawa like, hiki ʻo kona wikiwiki ke 50 km / h.

Nā ʻaleʻa keʻokeʻo

IUCN - Ka Hui Kūʻai Kūlohelohe o ka Pūnaewele no ka manawa mua ma kekahi mau makahiki i hoʻonui ʻia ka papa inoa o nā holoholona aia ma ka palena o ka pau. Loaʻa nā ʻano hou i loko. Ua hoʻokomo wale ʻia nā bea polar ma kēia papa inoa honua wale nō, akā ma ka Buke Red o Russia. I kēia lā, ʻo kā lākou helu he 25 tausani kanaka wale nō. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, e emi kēia mau kānaka ma kahi o 70% i nā 50 makahiki e hiki mai ana.

Nā ʻano hua manuahi (ʻike i ke kiʻi ma kā mākou ʻatikala), ka mea e hoʻopili nei i nā mea keʻokeʻo, ʻūhū ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana o ka noho ʻana, ka hoʻomehana honua a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi.

ʻAno hānau

I ʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ʻo ka wahine e ʻō i kahi lua i ka hoʻoilo. Ma waena o Nowemapa lākou e noho ai i laila. Pono ka wahine a maʻa o 230-240 mau lā. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Cubs i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo o Arctic. ʻO ka manawa mua, lawe ʻia kahi wahine i ka wā o kona mau makahiki he 4-6 ona makahiki. Kānā ʻia nā neʻe i nā manawa ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki. Aia hoʻokahi ʻekolu i nā ʻāpana kū i ka litter. ʻAno maikaʻi loa nā keiki hou, e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 750 mau grama. Hoʻomaka nā pēpē e ʻike i loko o hoʻokahi mahina, ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka niho, hoʻomaka nā pēpē e puka i waho o ka lua. ʻAʻole lākou i māhele me ka bea a hiki i ka makahiki a me ka hapa. Hōʻailona ka hua pā polar, no laila hoʻōla lohi iki kā lākou helu.

ʻĀpana hāleʻele

Ua kapa ʻia kekahi mau mea nalo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino he 1.8 m, ke kaupaona - aneane 150 kg. Loaʻa ka bear i nā moʻo ākea, nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻōpū lōʻihi a me ke aka, pōkole a me ka palahalaha keokeo. I kekahi manawa he ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ka kala, koe wale nō me ka muzzle melemele māmā.

ʻAi ʻeleʻele ka ʻeleʻele i nā mea kanu kanu - larvae, nā pepeke, a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi.

Holo ka wahine a ka wahine i 210 lā, e hānau ʻia nā keiki i ka malama o Ianuali-Pepeluali, he 400 mau ka lau, e waiho pū me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ʻApelila.

ʻ Bearlelo Pelaho

Hoʻomau mākou i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano o ka bea, e kamaʻilio me kahi kanaka o ʻAmelika Hema. Noho ana ia i nā kuahiwi - mai Kolombia a i ka ʻākau Kili. ʻAʻole holoholona holoholona nui kēlā ʻōlea i hoʻopono ʻia. ʻO kona kino, me ka lōʻihi ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,7 m, loaʻa iā 140 kg.

Ua uhi ʻia ka bea i ka lole polū o ke kapa ʻeleʻele a i ʻole a ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, me nā wahi keʻokeʻo e puni ana i nā maka (no laila kona inoa). ʻO ke aloha ʻana i nā mauna, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka holoholona ma nā kīwaha o nā ʻano. ʻAi ʻike ʻole ʻia ka biology, akā i ka manawa like, ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ia ka mea nui loa i ka ʻohana āpau. He punahele ia o nā lau a me nā aʻa, nā hua a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio. ʻO kekahi manawa, no kāna makemake punahele, piʻi aʻe ʻo ia ma luna o nā lāʻau pāma kiʻekiʻe, wāwahi i nā lālā ʻōpio, a laila ʻai ʻoe ma ka papa.

Panda

ʻO kēia holoholona, 1.2 m lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 160 kg, e noho ana i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi o nā panalāʻau komohana o Kina. Makemake ʻo ia i ka minamina, me ka ʻole o ka manawa moe. ʻO ka maʻa maʻamau.

Hōʻike ʻia ka Offspring i Ianuali. ʻO ka pēpē 2 mau pēpē i hānau ʻia, ma ke kaupaona ʻana he ʻelua kilokilo pākahi. ʻAʻole i like me nā bea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia i hibernate. Hoʻokele ia i nā mea kanu, kanu huaā, kekahi mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa.

Biruang

Pēlā i kapa ʻia ʻo ka bear Malay. ʻO kēia ka lālā liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana bear. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona kino i ka 1,4 m, ʻoi ka ulu ma mua o 0.7 m, ke kaumaha - ma kahi o 65 kg. ʻOiai ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kaikunāne, ikaika ka holoholona. He ʻano ʻōkiki pōkole ʻo Biruang, nā wāwae ākea me nā puʻupuʻu kaha. ʻO ke kino o ka holoholona i uhi ʻia me ka pulu ʻalohi, pōkole a, kaila ʻeleʻele. Ma ka umauma he hōʻailona o kēlā me ke keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha i ke ʻano he kāmaʻa lio. Muzzle - ʻulaʻula a hina paha. I kekahi manawa māmā nā wāwae.

He holoholona nocturnal ʻo Biruang, no laila i ka lā a hiamoe ʻo ia a kauā i ka lā, i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau. Ma ke ala, piʻi ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu loa iā lākou.

E ʻai ana i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Hāpai ka wahine i ʻelua mau pania. ʻAʻole hānau ka holoholona.

ʻO ke kumu o nā bea

ʻO ka mua mua, ʻo ke kūpuna o nā ʻano puʻuwai o kēia wā, (Ursavus), i noho i ka honua he 20 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka nui o kahi ʻīlio liʻiliʻi a noho i ka ʻāina o ʻEulopa hou, kahi e ulu nui ai kahi kulu subtropical ulu, a waiwai i nā mea kanu ulu. ʻO nā ʻū me nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio a me nā raccoons mai ko lākou kūpuna mua - kahi wānana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana Miacidae, i ola i ka 30-40 miliona mau makahiki i hala a piʻi i nā lāʻau. I ka hopena o ka ʻōmaikaʻi, ua puka mai nā ʻano oranika hou, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻonui nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika. Nui, me ka ana ana o ke ana ka mea nui, i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā bea i kēia wā, a lilo i hala. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio maikaʻi loa o ka ʻohana ke polar bear, i hōʻike ʻia ma 70,000 mau makahiki i hala.

Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus): ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1.3-1.8 m. ʻO ka mea wale nō ka ʻohana ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Malay bear (Helarctos malayanus): ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1-1,4 m. ʻO kēia ʻaha liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana e noho ana i nā ululāʻau o ka ʻaoʻao o Asia Hema. Heʻilihue kaʻai.
ʻO Gubach (Melandam ursinus): ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1.4-1.8 m. Noho ʻo ia i ka nahele ʻo India a me Sri Lanka. Herbivorous. Hoʻākoakoa ka lehele a me ka alelo i ka termites a me nā pepeke.
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus): ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1.8-3 m. Noho i ka ʻāina ʻākau o ka Arctic, e hānai nui ana i nā sila.
ʻO Brown bear (Ursus arctos): 2-3 m ka lōʻihi, e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻEulopa a me Asia. Nui nā subspecies: grizzly, be brown brown bear and European brown bear.
Baribal, black bear (Ursus americanus): ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1.3-1.8 m, i loaʻa ma nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema. E like me nā lālā o ko ka ʻohana, e ʻai ana i nā meaʻai i kāwili ʻia.
Bear bear keʻokeʻo (Ursus thibetanus): ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1,4-2 m. Noho a ola ma ka ulu lāʻau a hoʻonui i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma nā lāʻau. E hānai ana i nā mea kanu, nā hua a me nā hua.

Pūmua inoa kumu

No ke aha i kapa ʻia ʻo ka bea he bear? Nui nā koho e wehewehe i ka inoa. A ʻo kekahi o lākou e hōʻike i ke ʻano kūlike o ka ʻōlelo. ʻO kāna hapa mua - "ka meli" - ʻaʻole pono ka decryption, a ʻo ka lua - "ma hope o nā mea a pau" - hele mai i ka huaʻōlelo "ʻike", ʻo ia hoʻi, "ʻike". Loaʻa kēia hui pū ʻana i nā aupuni ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻano like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ma waena o Ukrainia, ua loaʻa iā lākou nā bea i kapa ʻia he "maka o ke kaikuahine".

Ua lōʻihi ia i manaʻo ʻia i waena o nā kānaka e ulu mau nei i ka nahele ma hope o ke ala kanaka. Loaʻa pinepine ka poʻe i ka nahele ma ka hona me ka meli o nā meli manu, no laila, maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea like, no laila, haʻalele lākou iā lākou e hoʻi i ka lā ʻapōpō me nā mea hana kūpono. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻi hou nei, ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa i ka mea, no ka mea, ua hānai koke ka bea ʻana iā lākou me ka leʻaleʻa i ka meli. Mai ia mai ka inoa ua holoholona kēia e ʻike i kahi o ka meli.

Wahi a ka hopena hope loa, ʻo "bear" ka mea ke kaili ʻana o ka inoa mua o ka holoholona - "ʻili meli". Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e like ʻole e haʻi i kahi nīnika maoli, kahi nui no nā poʻe he mai ʻaʻa ʻia a ʻaʻole hoʻi ʻo ia e ʻae ʻia e haʻi. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, he manaʻo nui ka Slavs he mau holoholona, inā e kapa ʻia kona inoa, e hoʻolohe a ʻike ʻia aia, ʻo ia ke kumu e pāpā ʻia ʻole ai nā inoa o nā holoholona hihiu. Ma muli o kēia, ma ke ala, nui nā holoholona i nalowale i ko lākou inoa inoa, a i kēia manawa ʻike mākou iā lākou nei no ka mea e kahakaha na nā mea maoli.

Aia kekahi manaʻo he koʻikoʻi ka inoa kahiko no ka bear "orthos", i mea hōʻai ʻia mai ka poʻe Helene. Akā pehea maoli ke ʻano o kēia mana, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike mua.

Ma nā ʻōlelo ʻāniila ua kapa ʻia ʻo “bar” a i ʻole “ber”, a ma Rūsia, kapa ʻia ka holoholona holoholona he lua, he wahi ʻaka. ʻIke ʻia, ʻo ia nō ka mea a ko mākou mau kūpuna i kāhea aku ai iā ia, akā naʻe ma ka ʻōlelo kolokala ua hoʻohana lākou i ka huaʻōlelo iā "bear". Ma muli o ka maalea, a hiki i kēia manawa i ka ulu lāʻau, ʻaʻole i haʻi ka poʻe lawaiʻa i kona inoa, akā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka haku o ka ulu lāʻau.

I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo no ke kumu i kapa ʻia ka bea

ʻO ka ʻōlelo iho i kū mai ma Lūkia a puni ka kenekulia 11, akā ʻo ka mea maoli ʻo ia kekahi o nā inoa nui o ka hui. ʻO ka nui o nā poʻe e noho nei i ka noho o kēia mea e ʻānai ai iā ia, mahalo nui iā ia, ʻoiai kekahi me he akua lā. ʻO ke kāpae ʻana i ka inoa o kēia holoholona hihiu nui i hana ʻia ma ka moʻomeheu Vedic a i hoʻohele ʻia i nā hanauna a nā hanauna, no laila he nui nā huaʻōlelo i ke "bear".

No ka laʻana, ma ka papa inoa ʻo Dahl aia he 37 o lākou: crayfish, forester, chiropractor, shaggy, Toptygin, club-toed bear, mikush, Potapych a me nā mea'ē aʻe he nui. He mea kupaianaha nō ka poʻe i kapa ʻia ka she-bear matuha, he ʻōpū, a kapa ʻia ia inoa ʻo ʻAssinya, Matryona.

Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā Linguist e ʻike i ka inoa maoli o ka bear. Ua huli lākou i ka Latin a me Sanskrit. No laila, ma Sanskrit, ua kapa ʻia ka bea "bhruka", kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "bhr" "kuʻu a wīwī paha." Ma nā ʻōlelo haole, ʻaʻole i loli nui ka inoa a ua mālama ʻia ke kumu "ber". Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkia, manaʻo kekahi o nā mea noiʻi i ka pilina o ka huaʻōlelo "den" me ka pro-German "bero", ʻo ia ka "brown".

Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea ʻepekema ʻo A. Afanasyev, ma muli o kāna noiʻi, i ka hopena o ka inoa o kēia holoholona pili me kāna ʻano pili iā ia. Penei, ma ka ʻōlelo Lāla, aia ka huaʻōlelo "ursus", kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā palani "urs", a me ka "Italian" orso ", a i ka ʻōlelo kahiko kahiko o Rūsia aia he" ursus ". ʻO kēia mau aʻa a pau ke "pono ʻino."

Nui ka poʻe linguist e maopopo ana i ka inoa kahiko loa o ka bear, ʻo "rus", i ka manawa i hoʻohuli ai i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo "urs", ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia me "rus", hiki ke ʻike ʻia ia ʻano ʻano i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka 'ōlelo. o ka bear he mea kilokilo. ʻO ka inoa o ia ʻāina, ʻo Rus, kahi i hoʻomana ʻia ai ka bea, hele aku nō hoʻi mai "Rus." Akā, ʻo kahi kahi o kahi hypothesis kēia, kekahi o nā nui.

Hoʻohanohano ʻōiwi

ʻO ka bear ma kā mākou'āina, ʻoi aku ʻo Siberia, ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi holoholona, he hōʻailona ʻōiwi. ʻO nā ʻohana kahiko i noho ma Siberia i kapa ʻia ʻo Kamā Nui. Ma Korean, ma ke ala, kapa ʻia ka bea "com." Mai ka ʻōlelo Tungus, ua unuhi ʻia ka "kam" ma ke ʻano "shaman" a i ʻole he "ʻuhane", aʻo waena o ka Ainu, ua manaʻo ʻia he peʻe o ka huni ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka oso.

Ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka haipule, ua hoʻohanohano nā kānaka Vedic i ka lā i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka Kama Nui. He pākōkole kēia i ka wā i ala ai ʻo ia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana a waiho hoʻi i ka lua. I mea e hōʻoluʻolu ai iā ia, lawe lākou i ka pancakes nona. Mai ii mai ua pane ka ʻōlelo "The pancake mua o Kama", akā he manawa ka loaʻa i kekahi ʻano.

Kamov ka lā, ʻoiai he pagan, akā ua lilo ia i prototype o ka hana Kalikiano Karistiano - Maslenitsa.

Hōʻike pū ʻia ka Eastern Slavs i ka hoʻolauna "Awakening the Bear", ua hana ʻia ma ka lā 24 Malaki. Ua hoʻolauna lākou ia me ka hīmeni ʻana i ka ʻili a me nā ʻule hulu hipa.

He aha ka bear i kapa ʻia ma Rūsia?

Mai ka wā nui, he bear ma Rūsia he nui nā inoa: ber, bersek, nona, rokar, Mikhail Potapych, bear, wihch, Kam. A ma luna o nā palapala honua kahiko ʻEulopa, ka ʻāpana ʻākau o Rūsia i kapa ʻia Biarmia. "Maoli" he bear, "ma" he ʻāina, no laila, he ʻāina bear ʻo Biarmia.

ʻO ka bear kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona ikaika, he holoholona totem o nā iwi Slavic he nui no ia o nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo o kānaka. ʻIke ʻia kona kiʻi ma nā ʻūhā o nā pale o nā kūlanakauhale o Lūkia kahiko.

Ua manaʻo ʻo nā Antropologists ua hoʻolaha mai ka moʻomeheu o ka bear mai Urals a i ka Elbe. I ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa, ʻo ia ke mōʻī o nā holoholona.

Ua kapa ʻia nā keiki ma hope ona, no ka laʻana, ʻo Mikhail. I ka wā kahiko, kapa ʻia nā keiki ma hope o ka Bear (mai laila ke kumu o Medvedev).

ʻO nā inoa o ka bea polar

He aha ka huaʻala polar ma ka ʻākau? Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka wahi ma kahi inoa he inoa ʻole loa - buzz. Ma Chukotka, mea maʻamau ka kapa ʻana iā umka, a ua loaʻa i ke kime kolamu i nā kime etnographic.

ʻO kahi o ka hopena

No laila, no ke aha ka mea i kapa ʻia i ka bea? Nui ka nui o nā inoa o kēia holoholona kupaianaha a hanohano, i mahalo nui ʻia i nā wā kahiko e nā iwi Slavic, a ke waiho mau nei i hōʻailona no kēia lāhui. Ua ʻike ka bear i kahi o ka meli. Penei ke ʻano o kēia holoholona me ka niho momona a me ka niho momona i loko o mākou āpau mai ka wā kamaliʻi.

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