ʻO ka alapeta steppe he wahi ākea loa. He mea maʻamau nā ʻāina āpau o ʻEulopa ma nā wahi i loaʻa i ka nahele, kahi i Ukraine e loaʻa i nā ʻāina ʻo Black Black a me Crimea, a ma Rūsia - ma ka ʻāpana Pākīpika o nā pelemeke a me nā wahi ala, ma nā puʻu o ka North Caucasus. Noho ka līlani noho nei ma Asia: ma Kazakhstan, Siberia hema, a me Altai. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka lawaiʻa o ka ʻāina, ua emi ka nui o ka holoholona o kēia mea reptile, a i loko o nā ʻāina ʻoulopa ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka holoholona e ka Berne Convention. I Ukraine a me Rūsia, ua kākau inoa ʻia ka reptile i nā Puke ʻ Redlelo Hawaiʻi.

ʻO ka ʻāpana hāpana he holoholona ʻano kūʻokoʻa loa ia, a he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike iā ia me nā nahesa a i ʻole nā ​​mea hihiu ʻole. ʻO ka nui o ka reptile mai 55 a 63 kenimika, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano kuʻuna o nā nahesa ʻē aʻe e kekahi mau kiʻekiʻe o nā kihi o nā muzzle, nāna i hāʻawi i ke ʻano o "baredness". Ma nā ʻaoʻao, e pena ʻia nā pahu i nā ʻalā hina, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kua me kahi kaila zigzag ʻokoʻa e holo ana ma ka ʻaoʻao. Loke ʻia ke ʻano koloke ma ka lae. He māmā a Abdomen, me nā wahi hina.

Mai ka wā hānau, e ala kēia mau reptile i nā kūlana climatic, ke kū ʻia nei ke kūleʻa ʻole ma lalo o ʻehiku mau degere Celsius. A i ʻApelila a i Mei paha he manawa moe lākou. I ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, holo ka nahe i waho o ka hale mālama wale nō i ka manawa wela loa o ke ao, a i ke kauwela hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. He aha nā manu a kēia ʻano ʻai? ʻO nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā moa, akā ʻo ka meaʻai nui he mau pepeke, ʻo ka ʻūlū momona. No laila, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka holoholona i mea kūpono no ka mahiʻai. ʻAʻole ʻino hoʻi ka reptile i nā mea palu. Ma ka huli ʻana, e lawelawe ai ka reptile i mea ʻai no nā manu, nā ʻānona, a me nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻai. Ua ʻai ʻia hoʻi ia e kekahi nahesa nui.

He viviparous ke anuʻi wāwae. Ma ʻAukake, lawe mai ka wahine i kahi kāwili i ʻekolu a he ʻumi mau kites. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā pēpē hou e pili ana i 4 mau minamina me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 11-13 sentimeter. E hele wale nā ​​vipers liʻiliʻi i ka wā popou ma ke kolu o ke makahiki o ke ola, i ka wā e ulu ai lākou a hiki i ka 27-30 sentimeter. ʻO nā holoholona'ōpiopio pinepine pinepine, ʻokoʻa pinepine ka pākeke, hoʻololi i ka ʻili. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e piʻi ka nahesa i loko o ke kaila a hoʻomaka e hoʻomoʻe i nā pōhaku a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i nā lepe i ka lehelehe. Ma hope o kēlā, lele ka mea āpau ma waho o ka ʻili, e like me ke ʻano o ka pohō kahiko.

ʻO nā holoholona wāwae wāwae o Rusia, a me ka nahesa, no ka hapa nui ʻaʻole he meaʻino. Akā ʻo nā mea ʻōpopo i kēia ʻano he manaʻo ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka lūlū o ka hōʻeha o ko lākou mea ʻala i ka nui. ʻO ka hālāwai me kēia nakahi e make paha no kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, e like me ka ʻīlio, akā ʻaʻole no ke kanaka. Ua ʻeha kona ʻuʻuku. Ma kahi o ia, ʻo ka wikiwiki ke holomua nei, ʻo ia ka mea e pālahalaha aku i nā palena o ka wāwae i kau ʻia. ʻO nā ʻōmaka hemorrhagic a hiki i nā wahi necrotic ke hoʻopuka. ʻO ka huelo ka dizziness, palpitations, drowsiness, nausea, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa kino.

Inā mālama ʻia kāu hoa a i ʻole kahi hoa kīpē i mua i kahi mea pana kīʻaha, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi mua i ke kōkua mua i ka mea i make ke hiki. E hana i kēia, e kāʻei i kahi lole i kāwili ʻia i loko o kahi mākaʻikaʻi, the area of ​​the body over the cole. Basically, na nāheʻe e kuʻe i ke wāwae (i kekahi manawa ma ka lima, i ka wā i ʻike ʻole ʻole ʻia ke kanaka, i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻālaʻi a i ʻole huaʻai, hāʻule i luna o ka holoholona). Pono ka tourniquet e hoʻopili paʻa i ka pale o ke kahe o ke koko i ʻike ʻia. A laila e ʻoki i ke koko i loaʻa i ka ʻino ma o nā ʻeha i waiho ʻia e nā niho o ka ʻūpī. Ma hope o kēia, pono e lawe ʻia ka mea maʻi i ke kauka e pale i nā hōʻeha a me nā hopena alerine. Ua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia ka seru Anti-Gyurz iā ia iho.

ʻO ka wehewehe morphological pōkole

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka ʻili e hiki ai i 635 mm ma ♂ a me 735 mm a ♀. Ua koho ʻia nā koho kala ʻelua: ke aniani a me ka melanistic. Hōʻike ka cryptic (maʻamau) i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hina a me ke kala ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele a i ʻole kahi ʻeleʻele zigzag kaula ma ke kua. He ʻelima hapa ka nui o ka hapa i ka ʻāina ʻo Melanistic ma kahi o ka hapa ka nui o ka melanist a hiki i ka 44%.

Kālā

Hoʻopuni ka honua honua i nā ʻāpana a me nā wahi hānai koloa o ka Hikina Hema, Kazakhstan a me Central Asia. ʻIke ʻia ma ka Russian Lūkini mai Volga-Kama Teritori ma ka ʻākau a hiki i Ciscaucasia ma ka hema a me Altai ma ka hikina. ʻO ka awāwa waena e uhi i nā wahi haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka laina ʻo Anapa-Abrau-Dyurso-Novorossiysk-Abinsk-Goryachiy Klyuch-Khadyzhensk-Psebay. ʻĀpana maʻamau: Sarepta, Lower Volga (Rūsia).

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka biology a me ka ecology

Aia kahi alope pana manu ma nā pāpū o nā ʻano ʻehā like ʻole (loess, alluvial loess, terraced), ma nā puʻu i nā mauna haʻahaʻa. Noho ka noho ʻana i nā kihi o nā nahele, nā hui o nā kiki, nā shiblyaks, nā kahe kaha. Ma ka hema, e piʻi ana ka laulā i nā wahi i ka 1000 m ma mua o ke kai. Ke kai, hiki ke noho ma luna o nā pelu lole.

I nā kūlana o ka ʻāina anthropogenic, puka ia nā mea hoʻoponopono ma o ka pilikia a me nā wahi neoneo, nā kanu lāʻau, etc. Mai ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo i ka lā Malaki, ua mau ka hana a hiki i nā lā mua o Nowemapa, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻūpī ma nā wahi he 230 lā. I ka pūnāwai a me ka wā lohi, hana ikaika nā pōpoki i ka lā; i Iulai - ʻAukake, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hana ʻelua.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā invertebrates a me nāebrebrates i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomoe ʻo Mating ma ka hana nui ma ʻApelila. Noho ka hānau ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpio mai ka lā Iune a hiki i ka mua o Kepakemapa. I nā broods, mai 3 a 18 paha ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia.

Loaʻa a me kāna mauʻano

Ma kahi o nā kikowaena o Raevskaya, aia ma kahi o 2-3 mau kanaka o ka huina hele wāwae no 2 km o ka huakaʻi, i ka kuahiwi. Herpegem - 2 mau mea no ka 1 km, ma kahi kokoke i ke kahua metropolitan Saratov - hiki i 4 mau kanaka no ka 1 ha, ma ka Yasen Spit - 5 poʻe no ka 1 km. ʻO ka lahui ka nui o ka nui o ka heluna ma nā wahi he 30 o kēlā me kēia 1 ha me ka awelika o 11 mau kanaka. a ha 1 ha.