Coelacanth - ke kanaka ola o ke kāʻei kuʻuna o nā coelacanthids kahiko. No laila he mea ʻokoʻa ia - ʻaʻole i hōʻike hou ʻia kona mau ʻano neʻe, a hōʻike ʻia kāna noiʻina i nā mea pohihihi o ka ʻōhumu, no ka mea, ua like loa ia me nā kūpuna i neʻe i ka moana o ka Honua i nā wā kahiko - ʻoiai ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ka ʻāina.
Nā Mīna Kaʻahele - Coelacanth
Koho o nā Biological Science N. Pavlova, luna nui o ka Hale Zoological Museum o Moscow State University
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻia ka inoa "inoa zoological sensation" i loko o ka iʻa kahiko. XII makahiki. " Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona hihiu i ka Zoological Museum o Moscow State University.
Ua noi nā mea heluhelu i nā mea hoʻoponopono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka iʻa i ka mana ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka hana a nā nūpepa ʻatikala. Ke hoʻokō nei mākou i kēia noi.
I Ianuali 3, 1938, ua loaʻa i ke Kākela ʻĀnekema o Chemistry ma Greymstown College (Union of South Africa), ʻo J. L. B. Smith, kahi leka mai ka curator o ka East London Museum, ʻo Miss M. Courtenay-Latimer, e ʻōlelo ana ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi iʻa ʻano ʻole i ka hale moʻomeheu.
Ua'ōlelo ʻo Profesor Smith, he mea hana ichthyologist no nā makahiki he nui, i ʻohi ai i nā mea pili i ka iʻa o ʻAmelika Hema a no laila ua kamaʻilio ʻia me nā hale moʻomeheu a pau o kēia pae ʻāina. A e like hoʻi me ka palapala kiko ʻole pololei loa, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o kekahi iʻa, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ua make ʻo ia ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki ua hala.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Smith e ʻike, e inoa a e wehewehe i ka ʻōpala. Mai ia manawa mai, makemake ʻia nā kahua moʻomeheu āpau o ka honua e kiʻi i kahi kope o kēia iʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo Latimeria Halumna.
Loaʻa ia mau makahiki he kanaiwakūmūmāwalu o ko coelacanth i ka lā 16 Kepakemapa, 1971 ma oud - ʻo ka maunu he ʻano kai loko hohonu - e noho ana kekahi o nā Comoros, wahi a Mohamed. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa he 164 kenimika, ke kaumaha - 65 kilograms.
Loaʻa ʻia kēia coelacanth e ka Institute of Oceanology o USSR Academy of Science a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka Moscow State University Zoological Museum no ka mālama. I loko o ka papa hana, kahi kope kope o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka hōʻiliʻili i hana ʻia no ka gypsum a hōʻike ʻia.
Coelacanth: mai ke poʻo a ka hiʻona
A eia nō mākou "ka wāwae ʻehā" kahiko, e like me ke kākāʻōlelo ʻo Smith Smith. ʻAe, ʻano like loa ʻo ia i kona mau ʻohana kahiko, ʻike ʻia kona helehelena mai nā mea kikowaʻa mai nā fossils. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loli nui i nā makahiki he 300 i hala.
Ua mālama ʻo Coelacanth i nā ʻano kahiko o kona mau kūpuna. Ua uhi ʻia kona kino nui me nā unahi nui. E hoʻokaʻawale i nā papa i ʻokoʻa a kekahi i mālama i ke kino o ka iʻa e ke kolu ʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea kaua.
ʻO nā unahi o ka coelacanth he ʻano kūikawā. ʻO ka iʻa o kēia wā, ʻaʻohe i loaʻa. Hōʻulu ka nui o nā puʻu i ka ʻona o nā unahi i nā helehelena, a hoʻohana pinepine nā poʻe noho o nā Comoros i nā papa ʻokoʻa ma kahi o ka emery.
He kanaka hoʻohiwahiwa ʻo Latimeria, a ʻo kona mau ʻōpio ikaika me nā niho nui.
ʻO ka mea hou a me ka kupaianaha i ke ʻano o ka coelacanth kona mau pua. Ma ke kikowaena o ka moni caudal aia kahi lua kaʻawale ʻē aʻe - ka rudiment o ka huelo o nā ʻano kahiko, i loko o ka iʻa i kēia manawa ua hoʻololi ʻia e nā peʻe haʻahaʻa a ma lalo.
ʻO nā loea coelacanth ʻē aʻe, koe wale nō i ka dorsal anterior, e like me nā wāwae reptile. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi mole ulu maikaʻi maikaʻi ke uhi ʻia i nā unahi. ʻO ka lua o ka dorsal a me nā loina lua no ka loli o ka ʻokoʻa, a hiki i nā poli pectoral ke neʻe i kahi kokoke i kekahi wahi.
ʻO ka ʻūhā o ka pectoral pectoral o ka pectoral a me nā kīliʻu ventral o ka coelacanth e hōʻike i kahi ʻano like ʻole me ka lima lima ʻā ʻo nā pihi terestrial. ʻO ka ʻike ʻōlohi ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha i ke kiʻi o ka hoʻololi o ke kaʻe o ka hope o ka iʻa fistil cysteper i loko o ka ʻūhā lima lima o nā ʻāiwi mua o ka terestrial mua - stegocephals.
ʻO kona ʻōhaka, e like me ka felil coelacanths i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana - ʻo ka ryl a me ka lolo. Ua uhi ʻia nā maka o ke poʻo o ka coelacanth me nā iwi ikaika, e like me nā ʻano o nā iʻa kahiko kahiko, a i like pū me nā iwi o ke kuamoʻo o nā holoholona stegocephalic ʻehā, a i ʻole nā poʻo ʻē aʻe. Ma nā iwi integumentary ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka iwi ʻōpala, hoʻomohala nui i ka coelacanth nā kapa i kapa ʻia nā papa inoa o ka jugular, i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano fossil.
Ma kahi o ka spine, ʻo ka coelacanth o kēia mau lā he kaula dorsal - kahi chord i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka elastic fibrous matter.
I loko o nā pūpū o ka coelacanth aia kahi kikoʻī kūikawā - kahi laka kūwili. Hoʻololi i kēia mea i ka mea kahiko i ka neʻe ʻana o ka meaʻai ma ka ʻalā a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻili.
ʻO ka naʻau o ka coelacanth i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia. ʻIke ʻia me kahi lāho pākiki maʻalahi a like ʻole me ka puʻukū ikaika, ka puʻuwai o ka iʻa hou.
ʻAe, ua like nā coelacanth me ka coelacanths hoʻopau, akā aia kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Kāwā nui kona ʻalani holo ʻana a ua lilo i wahi ʻili liʻiliʻi ʻili i piha i ka momona. Mahalo paha, pili kēia hoʻoili i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka coelacanth e noho ana i loko o ke kai, kahi i nalowale ai ka pono no ka ʻōpū o ka pulmonary. ʻO ka mea, keʻole o ka nostrils i loko, ka mea koho, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻano o nā iʻa o ka fossil carp-tailed, pili pū kekahi me kēia.
Pēlā kēia i koho ʻia ai nā kime o ke ʻano kahiko o kona ola ʻana i kēia wā.
E nānā kāua i ka coelacanth ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki i ke ʻano o ka iʻa ke haʻi i kahi ʻepekema nui e pili ana i kona mau wahi a me nā hana maʻamau. Eia ka mea a ke Kauka Smith kākau e pili ai i kēia: "Mai ka manawa mua aʻu i ʻike ai iā ia (coelacanth), ʻo kēia iʻa kupaianaha, a me kona ʻano helehelena, e haʻi iki iaʻu me ka mea e hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo maoli:
E nānā i kaʻu mau paʻu ʻona a ikaika. E nānā i kuʻu poʻo bony, ma ka puʻu ikaika spiky. Mālama loa wau ʻaʻole makaʻu i kekahi pōhaku. ʻOiaʻiʻo, noho wau i nā wahi pōhaku ma waena o nā nē. Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻoʻiʻo iaʻu: he kanaka ikaika wau a ʻaʻole makaʻu i kekahi. ʻAʻole pono iaʻu ka hohonu hohonu hohonu. ʻO kaʻu kala ʻulaʻula nani e haʻi aku iā ʻoe ʻaʻole wau he noho i nā hohonu hohonu. ʻAʻohe iʻa ʻulaʻula. ʻAe koke ʻole au i kahi puali iki, ʻaʻole pono iaʻu: mai ka hūnā ma hope o kahi pōhaku a mai kahi aʻe paha wau e holo wikiwiki nei i ka mea i make me ka wikiwiki no ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ola. A inā he neʻe ʻole kaʻu make, ʻaʻole pono wau e hāʻawi iaʻu iho me ka neʻe wikiwiki. Hiki iaʻu ke pena, e lohi me ka huki ʻana a me nā alana, e hoʻopili ana i nā pōhaku no ka hilahila. E nānā i koʻu mau niho, i nā ioʻi ikaika. ʻĀ, inā huki wau i kekahi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia e ʻoki. ʻO ka iʻa nui ka luku. "Ke mālama nei au i ka mea pio a hiki i kona make, a laila e hoʻolāwa mālie i kahi meaʻu, e like me kaʻu mau hoaaloha i hana ai no miliona mau makahiki."
Ua haʻi aku ka mea coelacanth i kēia mau mea a me kaʻu mea i ʻike i koʻu maka.
ʻAʻole au i ʻike i kekahi iʻa a i ʻole kaahiʻu i nā mea weliweli i ka coelacanth - ʻo ka "kahu puaʻa". Akā, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ia - e like me ka mea e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka predator, ka pikeperch - e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻenemi weliweli no ka hapanui o nā iʻa e noho ana ma ka palena. I ka ʻōlelo, e kakali wau no ia i loko o kekahi o kāna mau hālāwai me kāna mau hoa kaua e neʻe nei, ʻaʻohe oʻu kānalua ʻaʻole e hauʻoli nui ka mea nāna e hele wāwae i waena o nā puʻu.
Coelacanth: hoʻomau ka huli
Ua hala ka manawa mai ka wā e wehe ai i ka coelacanth, a he mea liʻiliʻi loa nā mea ʻepekema i aʻo mai i nā mea hou. ʻO kēia ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia: ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma nā Comoros, i loko o nā wai i ʻike ʻia ai nā iʻa maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻohe ʻepekema ʻepekema, a ʻike pinepine ʻia ka iʻa i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻepekema e huli nei a make a hewa ʻole.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā helu helu hopu ʻana i nā coelacanths, mai 1952 (i ka manawa i loaʻa ai ke ʻano lāʻau ʻelua) a hiki i ka makahiki 1970, ma ka ʻōpū, ʻelua a ʻekolu mau mau ʻauʻa i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, nā mea āpau i hopu ʻia i ka mea mua. ʻO nā hihia maikaʻi ke hoʻopili hūnā ʻia i nā makahiki: ʻo ka mea i hoʻopuka nui ʻia ʻo 1965 (ʻehiku coelacanths), a ʻo ka hapa nui loa - 1961 (hoʻokahi kope). Ma ke kānāwai, loaʻa nā coelacanths ma waena o ke ahiahi i ke ahiahi a me ʻelua ma ke kakahiaka. Kokoke ʻia nā iʻa a pau mai Nowemapa a ʻApelila Mai kēia mau ʻike, ʻaʻole pono kahi kiʻi o nā manaʻo mua e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā “ʻehā mau wāwaeʻehā”: ʻoi aku ka helu o nā helu ma ke ʻano o nā kūlana kime kūloko. ʻO ka mea ʻoi mai Iune a Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa, loaʻa pinepine nā Comoros i nā makani hema hema, i weliweli no ka pīpī palupalu, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā lawaiʻa ke hele i kai. Eia kekahi, i ka manawa maluhia, makemake nui nā lawaiʻa Comorian e lawaiʻa i ka pō, i ka wā e hala ai ka mahana a holo ka makani.
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka hohonu hohonu i kahi e loaʻa ai ka coelacanth, ʻaʻole pono nō e hāʻawi i ka mea nui. ʻO ka hohonu o nā lawaiʻa e ana ʻia ma ka lōʻihi o ke kaula etched, a ma ka papa he, ʻoi aku ke ʻano he mana, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu haneli mau kūhā - no laila ka hohonu hohonu o kahi e huki ʻia ai ka coelacanth ma kahi o 300 mika. Ma waho aʻe hoʻi, he kānalua ka manaʻo e piʻi ʻole ka iʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi pilahi pōhaku i ka māhoe me ke kaula, a i ka pā ʻana ka pelu ma lalo loa, i kaula ʻia ka lula me ka hihiko nui. Ma hope o kēlā, hiki i ka waʻa o lalo o ke kai ke hoʻokau lōʻihi i ka pahu umi, a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ka hohonu ma ka lōʻihi o ka māhoe.
No laila, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokū ʻia paha kekahi mau coelacanths mai ka hohonu hohonu i ka poʻe like scuba. ʻOiai ka manaʻo e hopohopo nei ka coelacanth i ka māmā, e piʻi ana ka hohonu o 60-80 mau mika i ka pō wale nō, ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻoholo ai e kīleʻoniʻi me ka ʻāmiu scuba i ka pō, kahi e haʻalele ai i ke kahakai, i nā wai piha i nā hihe.
Huli nā poʻe ʻepekema i huli i ka coelacanth, ma ke ʻano he lula ʻole. E haʻi mākou wale no kahi o ka holo hope loa, nā hopena o kēia, pono e manaʻo kekahi, e hōʻike i nā mea huna o ke ola a me ka ulu ʻana o ka coelacanth.
I ka makahiki 1972, ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia kahi hui o Anged-French-American expedition. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ʻo ia e kahi hoʻomākaukau lōʻihi a mākaukau. Ke hāʻule ka hapanui o nā mea hopu ma ka mākaʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma mua, a no ka hilahila ʻole i nā hola koʻikoʻi, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻolālā kūmaha a me ka kikoʻī no ka mea e hana ai me nā iʻa i hopu ʻia: ʻo ka mea e nānā ai ʻo ia nō ke ola ana, pehea e hoʻohaumia ai, i ka mea e lawe ai. Nā kiko o ka papa, pehea e mālama ai iā lākou no nā noi aʻe ma o nā ʻano like ʻole. Kahi ʻia nā papa o nā meaola olakino mai nā ʻāina ʻē ʻē aʻe i hōʻike i ka makemake e kiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano ʻuhane āpau no ke aʻo ʻana. He kanalima nā papa inoa o ka papa inoa.
ʻO nā lālā ʻelua o ka holo huakaʻi - ʻo ka Frenchman J. Anthony a me Zoologist Pelekane ʻo J. Forster - ua hōʻea ma ka mokupuni o Grand Comor ma Ianuali 1, 1972. Ma kahi hale hana ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia e nā luna o ke kaiāulu, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻonohonoho i kahi kikowaena, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lako hana. A i ka hā o Ianuali ua kiʻi mai nā lono iā coelacanth i ka mokupuni o Anjouan! Mālama ka lawaiʻa e mālama iā ia i ola no ʻeiwa mau hola, akā ua make ka poʻohiwi a hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻeono mau hola ma hope o ka hiamoe ʻana o ka iʻa. Eono hora ma lalo o ka lā o ka lewa! Hiki paha iā ia ke hoʻopakele i nā ʻāpana o nā kino no ka nānā ʻana biochemical.
Hele akula nā lālā i ka huakaʻi hele i kekahi mau kauhale, e hoʻohala nei i ka uku makana no kēlā me kēia manawa o ka coelacanth ola. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hopu iā lākou iho - ʻaʻole i loaʻa.
Ma ka lā Malaki 22, ma kahi hebedoma ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka hele ʻana, i ka wā i nalowale ai ka hapanui o nā poʻe hui, i ka koe i ka kūleʻa, haʻalele, a ʻo nā mea ʻelua i neʻe lohi aku i kā lākou mau ipu, nā mea ʻala a me nā mea hana, nā lawaiʻa kahiko o Mali, Yusuf Kaar, lawe mai i ka coelacanth i loko o kāna ʻie. ʻOiai ke kakahiaka nui, ua ala ʻo ia i ka luna o ke kauhale, a hele ʻo ia ma hope o nā ʻepekema. Eia nō naʻe, ua kau ʻia ka iʻa i loko o kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua no kēia kumu, no ka maluhia ma kahakai i kahi pāpū.
ʻO kēia kahi i hōʻike mua ʻia ai nā ʻōlelo aʻo mua. ʻO ka mea mua, ma ke kukui o nā lamaha a me nā kukui uila, ua nānā pū nā mea noiʻi i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka papa o ka coelacanth. I kēia hihia, kūloko ʻia ka hapa nui o ka iʻa i loko o ke kino a i ʻole ʻia ka wai mai nā wai e nā pū ʻili. Ua hoʻolele wale ʻia ʻo Coelacanth e nā lua dorsal a me nā peni anal. Ku pū me ka ʻūlū ʻākau, a laila hoʻi koke lākou i ka waenakonu, e hāʻawi ana i ke kī ʻana i ke kino o ka iʻa, a hele pololei hoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao hema, ma hope o ka haki ʻana ke ʻōkuhi. ʻAʻole ʻo ka huelo i komo i ka neʻe, akā ka loiloi ma o kona mau mana ikaika, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka coelacanth i ka huelo ma nā wahi sprint.
Kuhi ka hawewe pectoral i ka unsynchronously, kuhikuhi i ka neʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o ke kino ma ka wai. He neʻe ʻole ka hope o nā koena.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo manaʻo he hewa nā maka o ka lālani coelacanth. Ke kuhi nei i kahi kihi hoʻonaninani maikaʻi, ka mea i waiho ma lalo o ka retina, e hāleʻa lākou i ke kukui o ke kukui, e like me nā maka o ka pōpoki.
Ma ke kū pono ʻana, ua paʻi ʻia nā neʻe o ka iʻa ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, a ua lawe ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi waihoʻoluʻu. ʻO ka kala o ka coelacanth he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me kahi paila pohihihi nāwaliwali. Ua wehewehe ʻia e kekahi mau mea kākau, ʻo ke kala ʻulaʻula polu ke aniani o ke aniani o ka lewa pulu i nā lepa pōkole.
Ma ke awakea, ua maopopo ka mea, ua noho ʻo Iā ma kahi o 10 mau hola i ka wai pāpaku, ʻaʻole mau i ka lōʻihi. Ma muli o ka hana e pili ana i ka papa hana, ua hoʻomaka nā mea ola e pili ana i ka autopsy. Hana ʻia kēia hana i ka lā o ka lā. ʻO ka mea mua, ua lawe ʻia nā kiʻi koko (e ʻinoʻino i ka wikiwiki), a laila paʻa nā mea kūloko o ke kino i ka loiloi ma lalo o ka mikroscope elektronika, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka mikroscopy maʻamau.
Ma hope mai, hāʻawi ʻia i ʻEulopa, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā hoʻohālike i nā ʻepekema hoihoi. ʻAʻole nō i hoʻopuka ʻia nā hopena o kā lākou noiʻi ʻana, akā ke akaka nei ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka loiloi "hou" mua o nā ʻāpana o nā iʻa makaʻala e pili ana i kāna maʻi, ke ola, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā holoholona vertebrate.
A i ka hopena, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻi hou i ka puke a Smith, a me nā huaʻōlelo o ka mea i ʻike i ka "zoological sensation o ke kenekulia 20" no mākou, e hoʻopau i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka coelacanth.
"Hōʻike ka loaʻa ʻana o ka coelacanth i ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka ola o ke kai. Heʻoiaʻiʻo ua pau ka noho aliʻi o ka kanaka i kahi e pau ai ka ʻāina. Inā makemake mākou i ka piha piha o nā ʻano ʻāina, a laila ʻike kahi ʻike i nā mea noho o ka ʻāina aku i ka nui o ke kō. E lawe, e ʻōlelo, ʻo Paris a ʻo Ladana. I loko o lākou, aia ka ʻāina i kahi ʻano ola ʻole hoʻokahi i ke kāohi i ke kanaka, koe wale nō ka mea liʻiliʻi. Akā ma ke kikowaena o kēia mau kikowaena lahilahi kahiko e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu - ma nā kahawai Thames a me Seine - ua ola ʻoi paha ka ola ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona, ʻelima a keu paha mau makahiki i hala aku nei, primitive a me nā holoholona hihiu. ʻAʻole kahi kolana wai e hoʻokō ai i ke ola i nā kānāwai i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kanaka.
Ehia mau haʻawina i hana ʻia i loko o ke kai, a ʻike koke lākou i kahi coelacanth - he holoholona nui, ikaika! ʻAe, ʻike ʻuʻuku mākou. A lana ka lana o nā ʻano mua ʻē aʻe e noho nei i kahi o nā kai. "
Latimeria halumna, coelacanth
E like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, he nui nā inoa o ka coelacanth. ʻAʻohe ʻike iā lākou e ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO kona inoa hānō - LATIMERIA - i hāʻawi ʻia e ke Kaukaʻi Kalepona e hanohano ʻo Miss Latimer. ʻO ia ka mea i ʻike mua i nā iʻa pohihihi i hāʻule i loko o ka ʻāpana, kahi mea ʻē ʻole, ma waho o ka maʻamau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā poʻe ʻepekema i nā holoholona a i ʻole nā mea kanu ma hope o ka poʻe i loaʻa nā waiwai nui i ka ʻepekema.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻelua - HALUMNA - kahi inoa inoa. Halumna - ka inoa o ka muliwai, kokoke i ka waha o kahi i loaʻa ai ka iʻa mua ma ka cysterae.
ʻO Coelacanth ka mea e kapa ʻia ʻo CELLACANT. Kūpono loa ka hewa: ʻo kēia iʻa kahi hapa o ke kaona, ka mea i kapa ʻia. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "coelacanth" i ka unuhi ʻana mai ka Latin ka inoa "he horn hollow". I ka nui o nā iʻa, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā iwi kīpaha paʻakikī ma luna a ma lalo o ka māla. I nā coelacanths, ʻaʻohe huki a paʻakikī kēia mau spike ke paʻakikī. No laila ua inoa lā.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Coelacanth he KISTEREPERA FISH. ʻO kēia ka inoa o nā iʻa a pau i loaʻa nā pua like me kahi coelacanth.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Hōʻike ʻia ka coelacanthaceae ma kahi o 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala a i hoʻokahi manawa ka nui o kēia neʻe ʻana, akā hoʻokahi wale nō ʻohana i ke ola a hiki i kēia lā, i komo pū kekahi mau ʻano ʻelua. No ka mea, manaʻo ʻia nā coelacanths i ka iʻa - nā fossils ola.
Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻepekema nei no kēia mau makahiki ʻaʻole i hoʻokele nā coelacanths i kēlā me kēia loli, a ʻike mākou iā lākou e like me ka wā kahiko. Akā ma hope o ka noiʻi genetic, ua ʻike ʻia e ulu ana lākou i ka holo maʻamau - a ua huli hou hoʻi lākou i ka pili hou i nā tetrapods ma mua o ka iʻa.
E like me Coelacanth-like (colloquially coelacanth, ʻoiai he mea ʻepekema kēia i kapa ʻia he hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o kēia mau iʻa) he moʻolelo lōʻihi a he mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole: ʻo ka nui o nā iʻa no kēia kauoha nā 10 a he 200 kenimita, he mau kino like lākou. pālahalaha nui e like me ke ʻano o ka huehue, ʻokoʻa ʻē ke ʻano o nā loina a he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻike ʻike
Latimeria - kahi iʻa mai ka ʻohana Latimeriano ke kaina ʻo Celacanthus. Noho ʻo Coelacanths i ke kai he 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema i mālama ʻia kēia mau holoholona kahiko ma kahi i koe. Hoʻokumu ʻia i nā ʻikepili hāpau, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ichthyologists e pau ke ola o ka coelacanth 65 miliona mau makahiki i ka makahiki i hala aku nei, akā ua hōʻole ka ʻike i nā lawaiʻa o ʻAmelika Hema e ka manaʻo o nā poʻe ʻepekema.
I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1938, ua hāʻule kahi iʻa ʻokoʻa i ka ʻupena i nā lawaiʻa, he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa kona helehelena like me ka koena o ka hopu. ʻAʻole ʻai nā kāne, a lawe aku 'ia i ka hale kūloko kūloko. Ua pīhoihoi hoʻi ka limahana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo M. Cortene-Latimer i ka iʻa āna i ʻike ai a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo no kona ʻohana. A laila, kākau ka wahine i kahi leka i ka ichthyologist James Smith e wehewehe ana i ka loaʻa, a hāʻawi aku i ka mea kupaianaha i nā poʻe loea no ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka holoholona i ukana ʻia.
Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i kahi palapala ma Cortene-Latimer ʻaʻole i wehewehe wale i ka loaʻa, akā ua kahakaha nō hoʻi i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī, ʻike koke ʻo James Smith i ka coelacanth, kahi noho ʻano moana i manaʻo ʻia he mea pau ʻole. Ma hope o kekahi mau manawa, hele mai ka ʻikekikeke i ka hale moʻomeheu a ʻike ʻo ia ka iʻa i hopu ʻia he ʻelele maoli no ka palapala o Celacanthus. Ua ʻākoakoa ʻo ʻepekema kahi ʻōlelo no ka holoholona o kai, paʻi i kāna hana i loko o ka hoʻopuka ʻepekema. Ua loaʻa ka coelacanth i kahi inoa Latin ma ka inoa ʻo Cortene-Latimer - Latimeria chalumnae, kahi e haʻi ai ka huaʻōlelo ʻelua i kahi i noho ai latimeria (ka muliwai Chalumna).
Ua hoʻomau ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka ʻimi ʻana no ka coelacanths ola, akā no ka 14 mau makahiki ma hope mai i loaʻa ai kekahi kīnā lua o ka coelacanth. I ka makahiki 1997, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka coelacanth, Latimeria menadoensis; i ka makahiki 2006, ʻike ʻia nā ʻelima ola o kēia ʻano.
ʻAʻohe like nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua o ka coelacanths i loaʻa; ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o Latimeria chalumnae a me Latimeria menadoensis no nā ʻanoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokumu ka ichthyologists ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokolokolo genetic.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka coelacanth
Ua like ka like o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka coelacanth ma mua o ia mau miliona o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ia wale nō ia o nā iʻa i kulu ʻia i koe ma kona kūlana kūhelu a hiki i kēia wā.
He ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka coelacanths ʻo ia ka lobes muses ma ke kumu o nā hope. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau ʻuhane, hiki i ka iʻa ma ke kahaha o ka waihona kālā.
Noho nā iʻa ʻo ka cystepera o ka coelacanth i aloha i ka koho, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo stabilizing. Ke mālama nei kēia ʻano o nā koho evolusioner i kēlā me kēia mau mea e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke kūpono i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena coelacanth:
- ʻO nā laupaʻa lōʻihi a paʻa.
- ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻōkuhi.
- ʻO nā wahi hina-hina keʻokeʻo nui i laha i ke kino a pau, e komo pū me ke poʻo a me nā pā.
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wahine ka 190 cm.
- ʻO ka lōʻihi cm nā kāne.
- Kau paona - mai 50 a 90 kg.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka coelacanths ka hiki ke wehe i ko lākou waha ʻaʻole wale ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka iwi haʻahaʻa, akā, ma ka hāpai ʻana i kahi i luna. He ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka hāliʻi, nā maka, a me ka puʻuwai i loko o ka coelacanth mai i ka iʻa hou.
E ʻauʻau nā mea kahiko ma kahi hohonu o 100-200 m, hūnā ma ke ao i loko o nā ana i lalo o ka wai, a ʻauʻau i ka pō e ʻimi ana i ka waiwai. I loko o ka wai wai, neʻe mālie nā iʻa, e hoʻohuli i ka huli i lalo. Aia nā pūkuʻu electrosensory ma ke poʻo o nā coelacanths, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e maʻalahi ana ka mea hiki i nā poʻe ke ʻike i ka pio - nā iʻa hohonu hohonu, nā cephalopods, a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e noho ana i loko o nā ana wai.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka coelacanth he hua ia-hua. Hōʻawi kēia i ka wahine e lawe i nā hua i loko o loko ona, i loko o kona kino e ʻoki ana i ka membrane hua manu, a laila hānau ʻia. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia ke kaʻina o ka hānai a me ka hānau ʻana e nā coelacanths, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻike i nā ʻepekema i kahi kanaka hānau hapalua.
ʻOkoʻa nā mea maʻamau o nā coelacanths hou. ^ E Ha yM. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau iʻa i kēlā mau wahi:
- nā wai kokoke i nā mokupuni o ka Grand Comor (kokoke ke Strait o Mozambique),
- wai wai ma Kenya hema,
- komohana hikina o hema africa.
Loaʻa ka kahe ma ka mamao ma waena o nā mea i ʻike i ka coelacanth i ka 10 mano km, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoilina o kā lākou heluna.
Coelacanth i ke ao honua
ʻO Coelacanth kahi mea e makemake ai e ka ʻepekema, e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke trace i nā pae o ka ʻōhumu a manaʻo i ka pilina o ka manawa. ʻAʻole ke kuhi ʻia nā koena i ka waiwai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia kāna ʻiʻo no ka mea ʻono ʻole a me ka haki. Aia nā hihia i hoʻohana ai nā kamaʻāina kūloko i ka ʻiʻo coelacanth no nā kumu therapeutic - manaʻo ia he mau mea anti-malarial. Akā ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻai coelacanth paʻa i loko o ke kanaka e hoʻokūkū nui.
Ma hope koke iho o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka coelacanths, ʻike ʻia lākou na ka ʻāina ʻōiwi o Farani, mai ka manawa o ka Comoros no kēia ʻāina. Ua papa ʻia ka lawaiʻa, ʻae ʻia nā noiʻi ʻepekema wale nō. I nā makahiki 80 o ke kenekulia hope, ua hoʻopiha paʻa ʻia ka coelacanth me ka manaʻo e kūʻai aku iā ia ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele, akā ma hope o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka poʻe coelacanth, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hui e mālama iā lākou.
I kēia manawa ʻo ka helu o nā coelacanths ma kahi o 400 makua, ua ʻimi nā kānakaʻepekema i nā mea āpau e hiki ai ke mālama i ka iʻa prehistoric, ʻo ka mea hoʻopulapula i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopulapula i ke ola o coelacanths.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: iʻa coelacanth
He polū-hina kala ka mea Comorian a he nui, a he nui nā kukui hina kala ma ke kino. ʻO lākou na lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia - loaʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano i kona ʻano ponoʻī. ʻO nā wahi like ʻole e like me nā shellworms e noho ana i nā lua like me nā coelacanths lākou iho. No laila hiki ke kala ʻana iā lākou i kahi huna iā lākou iho. Ma hope o ka make ua huli lākou i ke kala, a no nā ʻano Indonesia ko lākou kala ʻokoʻa.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, hiki iā lākou ke ulu a hiki i 180-190 cm, nā kāne a hiki i ka 140-150 cm. Kaupaona 50-85 kilokilo. ʻO nā iʻa wale nō i hānau ʻia ua ākea nui, ma kahi o 40 cm - e hoʻonāukiuki i ka makemake o nā mea he nui e hoʻomaʻalili.
Ke ʻano like o ke kākala o ka coelacanth ma o nā kūpuna nona. Kahi pono nā poli lobed - he ʻewalu o lākou, nā pūpū pālua i mau ʻaukā bony, mai ka manawa like ma ka manawa kahiko i mau ʻūhā poʻohiwi a me nā pelvic i nā vertebrates i hope ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻomau ka hele ʻana o ke kuʻi ʻana o ka coelacanths ma kona ʻano iho - ma kahi o ka vertebrae, he kihiʻu hāliʻiliʻi kahi i loaʻa ai ka wai ma lalo o ke kahe nui.
He ʻokoʻa nō ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻūhā: ua hoʻokaʻawale ia i loko o ʻāpana i loko o ʻelua ʻāpana, ma ke kumu o ka coelacanth hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka iwi haʻalulu a hoʻoulu i luna o luna - ma muli o kēia, ʻoi ka waha o ka waha a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption.
Heʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ka lolo coelacanth: ʻo kona kaumaha he mau minamina wale nō, a noho he ʻāpana a hoʻokahi hapa hapa o ka cranium o ka iʻa. Akā loaʻa iā lākou kahi epiphyseal paʻakikī, no ka mea he photoreception maikaʻi lākou. ʻO nā maka lahilahi nui e kōkua i kēia - ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia lākou i ke ola ma ke aoʻeleʻele.
Eia nō kekahi, ʻo ka coelacanth he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe - he mea hoihoi loa ia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka iʻa, kahi e ʻike ai nā mea noiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona hou e hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i kekahi mau mea huna o ka ulu ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma nā ʻano like ʻole ua like ia me nā iʻa kahiko loa mai ka lā mai i ka wā i hala ʻole ʻia ai ke ola ma ka ʻāina.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kānaʻike, ʻike nā ʻepekema i ka hana o nā mea kahiko i hana ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻoka fossil. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole mālama ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou kino kūlohelohe, a ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka coelacanth, he mea hoʻokahi wale nō ke koho ʻana i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I ka ʻūhā o ka coelacanth aia he lua gelatinous, e hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia i hiki iā ia ke hopu a hiki i nā keʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kula uila. No laila, ʻaʻole ia e pono i ka mālamalama e ʻike i ka wahi kūpono o ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka coelacanth?
Kuhi: Cystepera iʻa coelacanth
ʻEkolu mau wahi nui o kona wahi noho.
- o ke kahawai Mozambique, a me ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i kahi ʻākau,
- mai ke kahakai o ka Hikina Hema
- kokoke i ke awa ʻo Kenindi o Malindi,
- Moana Sulawesi.
ʻAʻole paha kēia ka hopena o ka mea, aia ʻo ia e noho nei ma kekahi wahi mamao loa o ka honua, no ka mea ua loaʻa ka hope hope o kona noho maʻamau - i ka hopena o 1990. Eia nō naʻe, kahi lōʻihi loa ia ma waena o nā lua ʻelua - a no laila ʻaʻole i pale ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau ʻano o ka coelacanth mai ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
ʻO ka mea mua, ma kahi o 80 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia ka coelacanth ma kahi e kahe ana ke kahawai Chalumna i loko o ka moana (no laila ʻo ka inoa o kēia ʻano ma ka ʻenekia) mai kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema. Ua liuliu koke ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai i kēia kaʻao mai kahi ʻē aʻe - ka wahi o Comoros. Aia ma hope o lākou e noho ai ka coelacanth.
Akā ma hope ua ʻike ʻia ka noho ʻana o kekahi o kona poʻe iho ma kahakai o ʻApelika Hema - noho lākou i Sodwana Bay. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma ke kapakai o Kenya. Eia ka hope, ua loaʻa ka lua ʻelua, e noho ana ma kahi mamao loa mai ka mua, ma kahi moana ʻē aʻe - kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo Sulawesi, ke kai o ka inoa like, ma ka Moana Pakipika.
ʻO nā pilikia me ka ʻike ʻana o ka coelacanth e pili pū ana me ka mea e ola mau nei ia, aʻo ia wale nō i loko o ke kai wela, ʻo nā wahi o ka mea maʻamau e hoʻopiʻi ʻia. ʻOluʻolu loa kēia iʻa i ka wā e pili ana ka mahana wai ma kahi o 14-18 ° C, a ma nā wahi āna e noho ai, he hohonu a 100 ka 350 mika.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi i ka ʻai ma nā hohonu hohonu, i ka pō e piʻi ai ka coelacanth i mea e ʻai ai ka lawaiʻa. I ke ahiahi, hoʻopuka hou a i ʻole hoʻi e holo i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i loko o nā ana wai. Wahi a ia, koho lākou i nā wahi noho ma laila nā ana o nā ana.
ʻO ia ke kumu i ka leʻaleʻa o ka Comoros - no ka lōʻihi o ka hana ka lua pele, ʻike ʻia nā mea he nui i lalo o ka wai ma laila, he mea maʻalahi loa nā coelacanths. Aia kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe: ua noho wale lākou ma kēlā mau wahi i hiki ai ka wai hou i loko o ke kai e ala i kēia mau ana.
I kēia manawa ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi e noho ai ka iʻa coelacanth cysterae. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.
He aha kā ʻai i ka coelacanth?
Kiʻi: coelacanth Modern
ʻO kēia kahi iʻa predatory, akā lōlō ka malie. Hoʻoholo kēia i kāna meaʻaiʻai - nā mea nui ia o nā mea ola liʻiliʻi, hiki ʻole ke ʻauʻau aku iā ia.
- nā iʻa i waena nui - berix, snappers, cardinals, eels,
- ʻokiʻoki a me nā mollusks ʻē aʻe,
- mauka a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi,
- mau hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
ʻImi ʻo Coelacanths i nā meaʻai i loko o nā ana like i kahi e noho ai lākou i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻo ka ʻauʻau e kokoke ana i ko lākou mau paia a me ka huki i nā mea i hūnā ʻia i ka puʻu - ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻiwi a me nā ʻōpala e hiki ai iā lākou ke komo i ka meaʻai me ka ikaika nui. Inā ʻaʻole lawa, a manaʻo ka pōʻai i ka pōloli, a laila i ka pō e holo leʻa i waho a e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai me ka kokoke.
He lawa paha no ka waiwai nui - no kēia kumu, i manaʻo ʻia nā niho, ʻoiai liʻiliʻi. No kona luhi āpau, inā i ka hopu mua ʻana o ka coelacanth, e paʻakikī ʻia e kaʻili - he iʻa ikaika. Akā ʻaʻole kūpono kona mau niho no ka ʻaihue a me ka ʻaihue i ka ʻiʻo, no laila e pono ʻoe e ʻānai aku i ka mea holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAno maoli, eli ʻia ia no ka manawa lōʻihi, kahi nona ka coelacanth i kahi koʻi spalthal maikaʻi i ulu ʻia - kahi ʻano maʻamau i loaʻa i loko o nā kauoha wale nō iʻa. He lōʻihi ka Digestion i ia mea, akā hiki iā ia ke ʻai i kahi mea ʻole me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
Meaʻoiaʻiʻo: hiki ke aʻo ʻia i ka coelacanth ma lalo o ka wai - i ka wā e ala ai i ka maka, ka hopena ʻana o ka hanu ma muli o ka wai wela, a make ia ke hele koke ʻoe i loko o ka wai anuanu maʻamau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi: Latimeria mai ka Puke ʻaha
Noho ka coelacanth lā i ke ana, ka hoʻomaha ʻana, akā i ka pō hele lākou e hānai ana, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke iho i ka hohonu o ka wai a kū aʻe. ʻAʻole lākou i lilo i ka nui o ka ikehu ma kaʻauʻau: hoʻāʻo lākou e holo i ke ala a hāʻawi lākou e halihali iā ia iho, a na nā pua wale nō i kau i ka kuhikuhi a hele i nā kuʻe.
ʻOiai ka coelacanth a me ka iʻa lohi, akā ʻo ke ʻano o nā hua pua, he mea hoihoi loa ia e hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻae lākou e ʻaʻa i ke ʻano kuʻuna. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ke hoʻoulu ʻia, no ka mea e hoʻopiʻi i nā ʻeke i ka wai me nā pua, a no laila e hoʻāi i ka wai ma mua o ka waiho ʻana ma luna - ke ʻokoʻa ʻana ka hapa nui o ka iʻa i ka wā e haki ana.
ʻO ka loiloi mua dorsal e lawelawe ana i ke ʻano o ke holo ʻana, a ʻo ka huelo ka mea paʻa i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, akā inā weliweli ka iʻa, me kona kōkua e hiki ai iā ia ke hana i kahi kalaka. Inā pono e huli, e paʻa i ka waihona pectoral i ke kino, a pololei ka lua. ʻAʻole nui ka lokomaikaʻi i ka neʻe o ka coelacanth, akā e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ana kona ikaika i ka ʻoihana.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mea nui i ke ʻano o ka coelacanth: he palalaha a hilahila, ʻaʻole maoli ka huhū, a ʻo nā hana āpau a pau ka iʻa o kēia iʻa e hiki ke mālama pono i nā kumuwaiwai. A i kēia ʻōhumu, ua holomua ka holomua nui!
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
I ke ahiahi, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā coelacanths i loko o nā lua i nā pūʻulu, akā ʻaʻohe ʻano like o ke ʻano: e like me ka noiʻi ʻana ua hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻākoakoa pū kekahi mau kānaka ma loko o nā ana i hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea e kau kahe i nā ʻano lua i kēlā me kēia manawa, no laila e hoʻololi ana i ka hui. ʻAʻole paʻa i ka hopena.
ʻO Coelacanths he ovoviviparous, nā mea embryos e loaʻa nā niho a me kahi ʻōnaehana hana lawaiʻa a ma mua o kā lākou hānau ʻana - manaʻoʻiʻo nā mea noiʻi e hānai ana lākou i nā hua nui. Kekahi mau wahine hānai hopu i manaʻo ʻia i kēia mau manaʻo: i ka poʻe i hāpai ʻia i ka wā mua, 50-70 mau huaʻa i loaʻa, a ma nā mea i kahi kokoke nā keiki i ka hānau ʻana, ua hele ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 5 - 30.
Hoʻohana pū nā embryo ma ka lawe ʻana i ka waiū intrauterine. Mālama ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana o ka iʻa i hiki ke hoʻomōhala ʻia, e ʻae ana i ka hānau ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano i mākaʻi ʻia a ʻano nunui. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi ʻo Pregnancy i hoʻokahi makahiki.
A puka i ka wā poperty ma ka makahiki 20, ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ma kēlā me kēia makahiki he 3-4 mau makahiki. ʻO ka Fertilization he kūloko, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike nā ʻepekema i nā kikoʻī. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi e noho ai nā coelacanths ʻōpio - ʻaʻole lākou e noho i nā ana me nā lunakahiko, no ka manawa no ka noiʻi ʻana ʻelua wale nō i loaʻa, a hele wale lākou i ka moana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā coelacanths
Kuhi: iʻa coelacanth
ʻO ka coelacanth pākeke keʻa nui a, ʻoiai ʻo ka lohi ʻana, hiki ke mālama iā ia iho. ʻO nā poʻe noho kokoke o nā kaona, me nā pilikia ʻole, hiki i nā ʻaka nui wale ke mālama iā ia. No ka mea makaʻu wale kā lākou coelacanths - ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻai nui nā mākaʻai i nā mea āpau e hopu wale ana i ko lākou maka.
ʻO ka ʻinike kūikawā o ka ʻai coelacanth, ka mea e hāʻawi ikaika ʻole ai i ka ʻiʻo palau, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopoloka iā lākou - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole hewa lākou i ka ʻai maoli. Akā ʻo kēia ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka coelacanths - ke noho nei ka poʻe e noho kokoke i ko lākou wahi, e like me nā ʻepekema ʻana, ua ʻike mua lākou iā lākou, akā, ʻaʻole naʻe i hoʻohana nui lākou i ka ʻai.
Akā i ka manawa i kā lākou ʻai ʻana, no ka mea ua manaʻoʻiʻo ua maikaʻi nā ʻiʻo o ka coelacanth e kūʻē i ka malaria. I nā hihia āpau, ʻaʻole ikaika i kā lākou hopu, no laila e noho mau ka lehulehu ma kahi o nā papa like. Ua hōʻeha nui lākou i ka manawa i hana ʻia ai kahi mākeke maoli maoli, ma loko o lākou i kūʻai aku ai i ka wai mai kā lākou hana kuʻuna.
He mea kupaianaha: he mau piha nā kūpuna o nā coelacanths, a mau nō hoʻi kā lākou mau keiki - akā i ka ulu ʻana o ka embryo, holomua ka ulu ʻana o ka māmā i loko, a ma muli o ia, e hoʻomau ʻia ka mauʻu. Latimeria hoʻōki wale lākou i ka pono ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e noho i loko o ka wai hohonu - i ka manawa mua, ua lawe nā ʻepekema i kēia mau koena luʻu i ulu ʻia e like me ke kani ʻana i ka iʻa.
Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana
Kuhi: Cystepera iʻa coelacanth
Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hema ʻē aʻe o nā ʻōiwi Indonesia, a ua paʻa nā mea Comorian ma ka pau ʻana o ka pau ʻana. Mālua ʻia nā mea ʻelua, ʻo kā lākou hopu ke pāpā ʻia. Ma mua o ka wehe mua ʻana o kēia mau iʻa, ʻoiai ka ʻike o ka ʻaha kanaka kamaʻāina o nā kahakai e pili ana iā lākou, ʻaʻole ka hopu maoli iā lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ʻai ia mau.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana aku, hoʻomau ʻia no kekahi manawa, a laila ua pālahalaha ʻia kahi lono e kaʻi ʻana o ka wai mai kā lākou hana i ka mea ola. Aia kekahi poʻe - no ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi potion aloha mai lākou. A laila, ʻoiai nā pāpā, hoʻomaka lākou e hopu iā lākou, no ka mea, ua kiʻekiʻe loa nā kumukūʻai no kēia wai.
Mea ikaika loa ʻo Poachers i nā makahiki 1980, ma muli o nā mea noiʻi i ʻike i ka nui o ka poʻe i hōʻole nui ʻia, i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi - e like me kā lākou loiloi, i ka waena o nā makahiki 1990, ua mau wale 300 mau coelacanths i ka ʻāina Comoros. Mamuli o na hana ku e mai ai i na pohele, ua hoomauia ko lakou helu, a o keia manawa ke koho ia he 400-500 poe.
Ehia mau coelacanths e noho ana i kahakai o ʻApelika Hema a ma ka moana ʻo Sulawesi ʻaʻole kū ʻia ma kahi kokoke. Ke kuhi ʻia nei he liʻiliʻi lākou i ka hihia mua (ʻaʻole paha e kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā haneli o nā mea ola). Ma ka lua, hiki i ka nui ke pālahalaha loa - i kahi o 100 a 1000 mau kanaka.
Ka pale o coelacanths
Hoʻi kiʻi: Iʻa Limeria mai ka Puke ʻaha
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka coelacanth kokoke i Comoros, Farani, nona ia manawa he koloni lākou, ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa ma ke ʻāpana waiwai a ua mālama ʻia ʻo ia. Ua papa ʻia lākou ʻaʻole hopu ʻia e nā mea āpau koe wale nō ka poʻe i ʻae ʻia ma ka ʻUlana Farani.
Mahope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mokupuni i ke kūʻokoʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā hana pono e pale aku ai i ka coelacanth, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke koholu ua ʻano nui a ʻano maikaʻi. Ma ka hopena o 90s wale nō, ua hoʻomaka ka hakakā ikaika me ia, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana ma ka poʻe i hopu ʻia me ka coelacanths.
A hoʻomaka ka lono o kā lākou mana kupaianaha e hoʻoneʻe - i ka hopena, ka hana maʻamau ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā lākou i kēia manawa, a ua ho'ōki lākou i ka make ʻana, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou helu, no ka lemu o kēia mau iʻa. I Comoros, ua hoʻolaha ʻia lākou he waiwai kālā.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka heluna kanaka kokoke i ʻAmelika Hema a me kahi ʻano Indonesia i ʻae aku i nā mea ʻepekema e hūnū hou aku, akā no ka pale ʻia nā coelacanths.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hiki i nā Coelacanth ke ʻauʻau i nā kūlana ʻokoʻa loa: no ka laʻana, ʻōpū a luna a hoʻi paha. Hana pinepine lākou i kēia, no lākou mea maoli ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i kekahi pilikia. Pono lākou e huli i ko lākou mau poʻo i lalo - e hana lākou i kēia me ka hiki ʻole ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa, i kēlā me kēia manawa i kēia manawa no kekahi mau minuke.
Coelacanth pricless no ka ʻepekema, ma muli o ka nānā ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana i kāna kūkulu, ʻike ʻia nā ʻike hou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomau ʻana. He kakaikahi loa o lākou o ka lewa, a no laila makemake lākou i ka palekana - ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa mau nei ka heluna kanaka i kēia manawa, a i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano iʻa me ka pau ʻole.
Nā iʻa Coelacanth
ʻO ka iʻa Coelacanth kahi pili pili loa ma waena o ka iʻa a me nā mea amphibian mua i hana i ka hoʻololi mai ke kai a i ka honua i nā manawa Devonian ma kahi o 408-362 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua manaʻo ʻia ma mua ua lilo nā ʻano holoʻokoʻa no ka millennia, a hiki i kekahi o kāna mau luna i hopu ʻia e nā lawaiʻa mai ʻApelika Hema i 1938. Mai ia manawa mai, ua aʻo ikaika lākou, ʻoiai e noho mau ana nā mea huna e hoʻopuni ana i ka coelacanth ika prehistoric.
ʻO ke ola, ke ʻano
I ke ao, coelacanth "hatch" i loko o nā lua i nā pūʻulu o nā iʻa 12-13. ^ E Ha yM. He mau holoholona nocturnal kēia. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Coelacanths i kahi nohona hohonu, e kōkua ana e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ikehu me ka ʻoihana (ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ua emi kā lākou metabolism i kahi hohonu) a hiki pū kekahi ke hoʻokuʻi me ka poʻe haʻahaʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻopō ʻana o ka lā, haʻalele kēia iʻa i kā lākou mau lua a hoʻohemo mālie me ka lula, me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o 1-3 mau mika mai lalo. I loko o kēia mau puʻuwai hopu manu nocturnal, hiki i ka coelacanth ke hele pū a hiki i 8 km, a ma hope iho, i ka wanaʻao, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ana.
He hoihoi! Ke ʻimi nei no ka mea i hoʻopiʻi a neʻe paha mai kekahi ana i kekahi puʻu, e neʻe ana ka coelacanth i ka neʻe lohi, a hala ʻole a holo kaila me ka kahe, e hoʻohana ai i nā pectoral a me nā hāmeʻa pelvic e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o ke kino ma ka lewa.
ʻO Coelacanth, ma muli o ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o nā pūhaka, hiki ke kau pololei i ka lewa, ka ʻōpū ma lalo, a i ʻole. I ka wā mua, ua kuhihewa hewa ʻia hiki iā ia ke hele ma lalo o lalo. Akā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻo coelacanth i kāna mauʻu lobed e hele ma lalo, a ke hoʻomaha ʻole nei i ke ana ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻia i ka substrate. E like me ka iʻa pīhoihoi lohi, hiki i ka coelacanth ke wawahi koke a holo koke i ka lele me ka neʻe o ka nui caudal fin.
Pehea ka nui o kahi coelacanth
Wahi a nā hōʻike i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia, ʻo ka nui o ka makahiki o ka iʻa coelacanth ma kahi o 80 makahiki. ʻO kēia nā iʻa ola lōʻihi. Malia paha e hoʻomau i ka hiki ke ola no ka manawa lōʻihi a ola i nā haneli he mau haneli he mau makahiki i kōkua ʻia e ke ʻano hoʻohālike kino e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i ko lākou ola i nā manawa ola a keu, e pakele ai i nā mea kaukuhi a ola i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "fossil ola" ma ke kahawai ʻo Indo-Western ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Nui a me nā ʻAulua ʻAmelika, nā kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema, Hawaiʻi a me Mozambique.
Ua lilo ʻo nā noiʻi o ka heluna kanaka i nā haneli o nā makahiki. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lawe ʻana no Coelacanth, i lawe ʻia i ka makahiki 1938, a ua alakaʻi ʻia i ka loaʻa mua ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Comoros ma waena o ʻAmelika a me Hawaiʻi. Eia naʻe, no kanaono makahiki ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia wale nō ka mea noho o ka coelacanth.
He hoihoi! I ka makahiki 2003, ua hui pū aku nā IMS me ka papahana o ka polokalamu ʻAmelika "Celacant" e hoʻonohonoho i nā huli hou. I Kepakemapa 6, 2003, ka mea ʻike mua loa i loaʻa ma ka hema o Tanzania ma Songo Mnar, e hana ana iā Tanzania i ke ono o ka ʻāina e hoʻopaʻa i ka noho ʻana o ka coelacanths.
I Iulai 14, 2007, ua nui nā kānaka ʻē aʻe i hopu ʻia e nā lawaiʻa mai Nungwi, ʻAhaʻi Zanaluwa. ʻO nā mea noiʻi ma ka Institute Zanzibar o Marine Science (IMS) i alakaʻi ʻia e Kauka Nariman Jiddawi, koke lākou i ke kahua e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka iʻa ʻo Latimeria chalumnae.
ʻO ka meaʻai Coelacanth
Kōkua ka ʻike ʻike i ka manaʻo o kēia iʻa a hoʻowalewale i ka ʻuʻuku i kahi manawa pōkole loa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau ʻōhua ikaika i ka manawa i hiki aku ai ka mea i make. Ma muli o nā kiko o ka ʻōpū o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia, ka mea i huli i ka coelacanth ma ka liʻiliʻi e ʻai i nā lālā o ka fauna mai lalo o ke kai. Eia kekahi, nānā nā mea nānā i ke ʻano ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i ka hana electroreceptive o ke kino rostral. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou e ʻike i nā mea i loko o ka wai ma o kā lākou mahi uila.
Pahu a keiki
Ma muli o ka hohonu o ke kai o ke kai o kēia mau iʻa, ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka ʻola kūlohelohe o nā ʻano. I kēia manawa, maopopo loa i ka coelacanths ka iʻa viviparous. ʻOiai ʻoiai ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hoʻopuka ka iʻa i nā hua e hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ke kāne. Ua hōʻoia kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hele ʻana o hua ma ka wahine hopu. ʻO ka nui o kahi hua hoʻokahi ka nui o ka pōpō tennis.
He hoihoi! ʻO hoʻokahi wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i ka manawa hana mai ka 8 a 26 e ola i ke kō. ʻO ka nui o kekahi o nā pēpē coelacanth mai 36 a 38 paha kenimika. I ka wā hānau, ua hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi lāua i nā niho, fins a me nā mea kaupaona.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, loaʻa i nā pēpē ʻehā nui a palu ʻia i ka umauma, nāna e hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i ka wā o ka hōʻea. I nā ʻiʻina o hope e lilo ai, i ka wā o ka wai o ka yolk, ua hoʻohemo ʻia nā ʻeke kūlohelohe i waho a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ke ana kino.
ʻO ka makahiki gestational o ka wahine aia ma kahi o 13 mahina. No laila, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e hiki i nā wahine ke hānau i nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha.
ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa
ʻAʻohe kūpono ʻole i nā iʻa ʻai Coelacanth no ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai. ^ E Ha yM. Eia nō naʻe, ua lōʻihi ka hopu ʻana iā ia no ka pilikia ma nā ichthyologists. ʻO ka lawaiʻa, makemake e kahakaha nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea mākaʻikaʻi, hopu iā ia e hana i nā holoholona i hoʻomaka ʻia no nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino. Ua hōʻeha kēia i ka hōʻino ʻole i ka lehulehu. No laila, i kēia manawa, haʻalele ka coelacanth mai ke kalepa ʻana a i kau inoa ʻia ma ka Red Red Book.
Ua kau aku nā lawaiʻa o ka mokupuni ʻo Greater Comoro i ka papa ʻaʻa iʻa no ka lawaiʻa ma nā wahi kahi i loaʻa ka coelacanth (a i ʻole "gombessa", e like me ko lākou ʻike ʻia i loko o ka lehulehu), he mea nui ia e mālama ai i ka nui manuahi. Hoʻopili ka misionari hoʻopakele i ka coelacanth i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lako lawaiʻa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā wahi i kūpono ʻole no ka nohona coelacanth, a no laila e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻi hou i nā iʻa iʻa ma ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe. ʻO nā mea hou nei, ua paipai ʻia nā hōʻailona e ʻike ʻia e ka lehulehu
E mālama ana nā Comoros i nā mākaʻikaʻi o nā ʻano iʻa o kēia mau ʻano. He waiwai kūʻokoʻa ʻo Latimeria no ka honua o ka ʻepekema o kēia wā, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻihoʻi pono i ke kiʻi o ka honua i noho ai i miliona mau makahiki i hala. Mahalo i kēia, ʻike mau nā coelacanths i nā mea nui loa i ʻike ʻia.