Nā ʻelele
Lyrebird
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema

Nā ʻelele (lat. Passeri) - kahi kākā o nā manu passerine. Hāʻohi ʻia lākou i ka lōʻihi pōkole o nā lau ʻumi he ʻumi, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā hulu ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa he rudimentary a i ʻole a hemo ʻole loa, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia i ka larynx haʻahaʻa, i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pūliki a me ka ʻĀkia komo, a ua lako ʻia no ka hapa nui me ʻelima mau mahele o ka ʻāʻī o pili nā kihi o nā pahu keleawe bronchial. Ua uhi ʻia ka metatarsus i mua o nā pale pale nui i hoʻohui ʻia.

ʻO keʻano

Nui ʻokoʻa nā mele i ke ʻano nui o ko lākou mau kino a me ke ʻano, ma ka nui, i ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻaki, nā ʻūhā a me nā ʻū, a me ko lākou olaʻana.

ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e noho ma nā ulu lāʻau. ʻAi lākou i ka poli, a me nā mea ʻuʻina a me nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe; o nā mele mele, he liʻiliʻi loa o lākou e ʻai nei i nā huaʻu, a ʻo ka ʻai ʻuʻuku nō, he manu nūhou wale nō. I ka wā honu, e mālama mau lākou i nā kaʻina kaʻawale, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi manawa, e like me ka rooks a i ʻole me ka palaʻa, hoʻomaka nā hāmeʻa a pau e kūkulu i nā nests. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki, maʻamau ka nunui a me nā hipa liʻiliʻi.

Kē ʻia ka hua meli i ka hapa nui. Hoʻokele ʻia ʻo Clutch ma kahi o 4 mau huaʻai. Ua hānau keiki aloha ʻole ʻoi a ma ka hapanui o ka hilahila, no ka lōʻihi ke noho ʻana i ka pūnana a hānai ʻia e ka wahine a me ke kāne pū. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mele hīmeni nā manu lele, ʻelekī kekahi i ka hoʻoilo. Holo lākou i ka lele, akā ʻo ka huakaʻi ʻo ia ka hapa pōkole.

Ma ka maʻamau ʻo lākou e lele ai i ka ʻāina i nā lele. Me nā liʻiliʻi iki, ua pōmaikaʻi nā mele i nā kānaka ma ka luku ʻana i ka nui o nā mea ʻino liʻiliʻi. Maʻa pinepine lākou i ka ʻai no ka meaʻai, akā mālama pinepine ʻia lākou i loko o nā cages no ka leʻaleʻa i kā lākou mele a i ʻole ko lākou kiʻi nani e hāʻawi i ke kanaka. Heʻuʻuku loa o lākou e pale i ka hoʻokokoke pono o ke kanaka a mai noho ma kahi o nā wahi noho. ʻO kahi hapalua o nā mele mele a pau loa i ʻike ʻia i nā mele ʻano mele.

Hoʻalahala ʻia ma nā wahi zoogeographic āpau. ʻIke ʻia nā manawa o nā choristers mai Eocene mai. I ka makahiki 2019, ua ʻike ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema Lūkia mai Novosibirsk State University, St. Petersburg State University, the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Science and the Siberian Ecological Center no ka liʻiliʻi he ʻeiwa ʻohana nona nā hui like ʻole o ka suborder i loaʻa i loko o nā wahi kopa o ka songbirds Passeri, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi chromosome hou i ka hala ʻole i loko o nā pūpū pili. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia i loko o nā mea manu i noho i ka Honua ma mua o 35 Ma mua, ʻaʻohe chromosome hou.

ʻO ka papa nui o ka beak, ka māhele ʻia o nā mele i māhele ʻia i 4 mau pūʻulu:

1. Beaks beaks (Dentirostres) - ka beak he nui awl-ʻano, ka meli i ka hope me kahi nui o nā pihi dentate hou ʻia. ʻAi lākou i ka hānai manuahi, a hoʻouka kekahi i nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili kēia i nā ʻohana e like mai nei: corvidae (Corvidae), nā manu o ka lani (Paradisaeidae), starling (Sturnidae), corpius (Icteridae), titmouse (Paridae), Oriole (Oriolidae), magpie (Laniidae), flycatcher (Muscicapidae, turidae), Slavkovye (Sylviidae), wagtail (Motacillidae) a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe.
2. Conebeak (Conirostres) - he pua ka ikaika, pōkole, conical. ʻO ka maʻamau - nā mele ākea. ʻAi lākou i ka hānai me nā huaʻai, a i kekahi manawa nā pepeke. Hoʻopili kēia me ka ʻohana whānau finch nui (Fringillidae) a me ka lark (Alaudidae) a me ka mea ulana (Ploceidae).
3. Pāwili pālima (Tenuirostres) - he lōʻihi ka beak, ʻōpio, ʻoi a emi ʻole paha ke kūlima, nā manamana lima, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kua. ʻAi lākou i ka mea ulaula, kekahi ma ka wai pua. Hoʻopili kekahi o nā ʻohana o ka alimentary (Certhiidae), nā meli waiū (Meliphagidae), nectarniferous (Nectariniidae) a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe.
4. Shiroklyuvye (Latirostres) - ka puʻupuʻu he pōkole, he leʻaleʻa, ka hoʻokalakupua a ke kuʻekuʻe waha nui. Ua lōʻihi nā ʻēheu. Lele nui. Nā mele himeni. ʻAi lākou i ka iniseti. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia kēia ʻohana kai hānai (Hirundinidae) wale nō.

Pehea e kani ai nā leo?

ʻAʻole like me nā manu maʻamau, loaʻa i ka syrinx - kahi paahana paʻakikī o ka larynx lalo, a ʻehiku o nā puʻupuʻu ʻekolu. Aia kēia ʻenehana i loko o ka umauma, ma ka lalo o ka hopena o ka trachea, e kokoke loa i ka naʻau. Loaʻa i ka Syrinx kahi pūnāwai kūʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia bronchus. Paʻa ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka wā o ka hānai e ka neʻe ʻana i ke kūaloko a me nā lipil o ka lateral i ke kihi cranial o ka bronchus. ʻO nā pā he mau pā o ka palaki hoʻopili konekele, ka mea, i ka manawa e hoʻopuka ʻia ai ke kahawai, e hoʻonā i nā mea kani. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia pālua i ka lolo, e ʻae i ka manu e hoʻokele i ka ʻanuʻu leo.

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ʻO ka helu nui o nā mele mele liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi paha ma ka nui, ka ʻulaʻula a me ka plumage pōkole. ʻAno i ka beak ka huila. I nā mākaʻikaʻi insectivorous, he mea maʻamau ia, ʻokoʻa. ʻAi-ʻai - conical, ikaika.

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E nānā i nā mea "Songbirds" i loko o nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe:

Auwe * - (Oscines) suborder o nā manu passerine. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka ʻulu o nā ʻumi ʻumi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā hulu ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa he rudimentary a i ʻole a hemo ʻole loa, a i hoʻomohala ʻia ka larynx haʻahaʻa, i ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary ʻO Brockhaus a me I.A. Efron

Nā ʻelele - ʻike i nā mele mele ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary ʻO Brockhaus a me I.A. Efron

Nā ʻelele - Lyrebird ... Wikipedia

ʻO nā kāloti mele -? Palapala hīmeni kūmole Kime henepoleka himeni ʻikepili nīnūneka ... Wikipedia

Nā ʻelele - (mele mele, Oscines), kahi mākeke o nā manu o ka Order Passeriformes (e ʻike i ke SPARROW BIRDS), e pili ana i ka hapalua o nā manu o kēia mau mea e pili ana i 4 mau mau ʻehā. Ma ka wahi o Lūkia aia ma kahi o 300 o nā ʻano hepana o kēia kikowaena pili ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Nā Polōkuhi -? Mimus Mockingbirds ... Wikipedia

Kau ʻia - He wahine satin wahine ... Wikipedia

KA MANA KULA - nā mele mele (Oscines), suborder o nā passerines. ʻO nā palapala kūpuna o P. kenekulia ike ʻia mai ka Eocene Kiʻi, a me kēia mau. ka hānai ʻana mai nā Oligocene Kiʻi. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻohana. morpore nā hōʻailona, ​​anatomical. ke ʻano o nā makahiki āpau P. nani. No ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary

Song Kanakaole -? Ke mele nei i nā mele hulina gula ...

Nā kiʻi ʻōpio a me ka pō

Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mele maemae e noho i nā wahi mamao aku i nā kānaka, akā i kēia manawa e hiki ke loaʻa ʻia ma nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale. Paki ke ʻano ʻole i kona kala, akā nani nā mele.

Hana ʻia nā moʻo mai ka mauʻu, nā lālā, nā moss. Hoʻolālā ʻia i nā lālā. Noho ʻo Hatching i nā wiki he 5, a ulu koke nā moa i loko: i ka lua o ka pule ua aʻo lākou e lele.

ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi manu nightingale. ^ E Ha yM. No nā ʻohana blackbird. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mele a ʻoi loa ma mua o ka pua. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke keʻokeʻo nui-ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, ke kukui ʻulaʻula, ma ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka ʻōpū o ke ʻōpū ia o buffy-mottled. Aele nā ​​maka e like me ka beads.

Aia 2 mau ʻano o ka nightingale ma ke ʻano: hema a me ke kūkulu hema. ʻO kā lākou maʻamau ma ka hikina hikina o ʻEulopa a me Siberia komohana. A hiki i ka nightingale ke hālāwai me ke komohana a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻApelika, ma Asia.

ʻO ka nightingale ka ʻulaʻulaʻula. He mele mele mele hīkoi kēia. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ma ke komohana ʻĀpana ma hema o Iran. Ua hoʻi lākou i ko lākou ʻāina i ka waena oʻApelila, i ka wā o ka nui o nā iniseti lele. Kahi ʻaina i loko o nā māla loloa nā lāʻau, nā ulu lāʻau, nā māla a me nā māla.

ʻO ka manu kiʻi ʻO Goldfinch a me Oriole

Goldfinch - kahi manu liʻiliʻi, akā nani a nani hoʻi. He paʻakikī nā mea paʻakikī o ke mele no ka huki ʻana me nā manu ʻē aʻe, e huki mau ana i ka manaʻo.

He kino liʻiliʻi ke kino o ke mele, a ʻo ke kau paona ʻana he 20-25 gram. ʻO nā kao i kēia nā mea i loaʻa i ka lole lole: he maka ʻulaʻula mālamalama me ke kahe a puni ke kuʻukū, ke kua ʻulaʻula, nā kīhai-melemele-melemele ma nā ʻēheu, nā puʻu keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu.

He mele mele maikaʻi ʻo Goldfinch, ʻo kāna mele hīmeni ana he 20 mau ʻano o nā waihona sonorous.

Paki manu Orioleiā ia kahi leo kūʻokoʻa. Hiki iā ia ke hīmeni i nā ʻano like ʻole: ka uē kūwā a ke kani kani leo, nā leo kani, nā leo kani a nui hou aku.

Pili ka pūnana e like me ka hīnaʻi pale ʻōiwi. No lākou, hoʻohana ʻia nā mauʻu, nā ʻāpana o ka bast a me ka ʻawa manu. Aia i loko o nā pā holoi, nā lau maloʻo, nā lauoho holoholona a me nā cobwebs.

No ke mele mele Oriole, nui ka nui o ka wai ma mua o kona nohona, no ka mea, makemake nui ia e ʻau. I kēia hana ʻana, ua like nā Orioles i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka wai e moe ai.

Pehea a ma ke ʻano e mele ai nā manu

Hoʻokani kekahi manu, akā hoʻopuni wale ʻia i nā mele i hui pū ʻia i nā ʻīlapa a me nā unahi. I ka leo leo, aia ke mele mele a me nā leo leo, ʻike ʻia e ke ʻano kikoʻī, ka lōʻihi a me ke ʻano o nā leo. He pōkole nā ​​kāhea leo, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ke kiko a me ka maʻamau ke ʻano o ke ʻano moe.

Pehea ke kani ʻana

He manu ʻole nā ​​manu (like ole mammals). ʻO ke ʻano o nā manu kani ka syrinx, kahi ʻano iwi kūikawā i ka maʻi trachea. Ke hele ka makani ma loko, pā ana nā paia a me ka tragus, e hana ana i kahi kani. Mālama ka manu i ka lehelehe / ka lihi ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kani ʻana o nā membranes a hoʻonui i ka leo ma o nā ʻeke air.

Pūʻoiaʻiʻo. I loko o nā lele, ua holo nui ka mele: ke kahe nei i kona mau ʻēheu, lele ka manu i ka lewa ma o ka ʻalā, bronchi a me nā ʻalā. ʻO ke mele o Yula ma ka lewa ua pālaʻi ʻia ma luna o 3 km, a ma ka honua ke kani nui ʻia ana.

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻano leo like ʻole o nā kāne like ʻole, akā ʻo nā māno o ka larynx haʻahaʻa o nā wahine i nāwaliwali i nā kāne. ʻO ia ke mele maikaʻi aku i nā kāne ma nā manu.

No ke aha e mele ai nā manu

Pihoihoi ke mele nā ​​manu no ka mea ... hiki ʻole iā lākou ke kōkua ke mele. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ke lohe ʻia nā roulades nui a sonorous a me iridescent i ka wā o ka wā hoʻomaha, kahi i ho'ākāka ʻia e kahi hōʻemi o ke hormonal e koi i kahi hoʻokuʻu o ka maʻi.

Akā ... No ke aha e hoʻomau mau ai nā manu manuahi (nā ʻōpio a me ka ʻōpio) i ka hāʻule, a i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilo? No ke aha ʻo nightingale, zaryanka, wren a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaka koke e hīmeni ana, e hoʻihoʻi ʻia e ka ʻike ākea o kahi mea ʻōpiopio. No ke aha ke mele nei nā manu i paʻa ai i loko o nā kahu i ka leo nui a me ka ʻole o ka manawa (ʻoi aku, hīmeni ana lākou a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ko lākou mau hoahānau aloha ʻole).

Ma ke ala, hiki mai ke kāhea no ka moe ʻana i kahi mele maoli. E maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o nā hua mele a me nā nāwaliwali i ke kani.

ʻIke ʻo Ornithologists aia i ke mele ka mea e hāʻawi nei i ka mana ikaika o ka ikehu i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o ka manu, e piʻi ana i ka wā o ka lawehala, akā ʻaʻole ia e nalowale ana i kona hoʻopau.

Nā ʻelele

ʻOkoʻa lākou e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻolālā paʻakikī o ka larynx haʻahaʻa. Ma aneane ua hoʻomohala holomua nā mele a pau i ka 5-7 mau pakanilani leo, mahalo nui ʻia i nā manu e hīmeni maikaʻi wale nō, akā ʻike pū kekahi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia ka onomatopoeia i nā ʻano āpau.

I ke kauoha a Passeriformes, e haku ka poʻe mele i ka suborder me ka nui (e pili ana i 4 tausani) o nā ʻano he nui. Eia kekahi, aia i waho o nā sublines 3 i loko o ke kolamu.

• laulā nui (hornbeams),
• keakaʻā (ʻāʻā)
• mele-hapalua.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe mele ma kēlā me kēia ma ke ʻano o ke kino a i kona nui, a me kona ʻano i ke ola. Noho ka nui o ka hapanui ma ke nāhelehele a ua manaʻo ʻia he migratory, he ʻeha a hoʻomaha ʻole ke koena. Ma ka ʻāina e lele pinepine ai.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka polokalamu beak, ua māhele ʻia ka suborder choroid i nā pūʻulu 4:

• cone-ʻai
• hao ʻia
• pālahalaha nui
• ipo-ipe.

Nui loa. ʻO ka hilahila nui loa i ka ʻauhau i ʻike ʻia ma ka pae o nā mele. Ma muli o ke ʻano, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​ornithologists i 761 a 1017 genera, hui pū ma nā ʻohana 44-56.

Wahi a kekahi o nā papa mele, ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana e like me ka poʻe mele: larks, larvae, leafy, wangs, dulids, wrens, curls, thimelias, swallows, wagtails, bulbule (short-toed) thrushes, magpie, red-fronted, cyanifolia, dolphin, aliʻi, tit, flycatcher, nuthatch, pua-ʻihue, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, oatmeal, alpine, nectarnaceous, honi-hānai, tanagra, ʻoluʻolu, hāwau tanagra, pua, pua pua Hawaiʻi tsy, weaver, reel, tropial, reel weavers, orioles, gouii, swallows, shrikes, huts, starling, drongovye, Magpies, larks, flute bird, ravens and birds bird of Paradise.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mele mele leo nui a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i hānau ʻia ma nā wahi anu, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e kāohi i nā kani o nā pūpū a lohe ʻia i loko o ka nahele hihiu. Ua liʻiliʻi nā mele mele o ka Pākīpika o ka Lūkini Rūsia: ʻo ka pākuhi nui i kapa ʻia ʻo ka blackbird, ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka ʻili a me ke aliʻi.

Kaʻina

ʻO Virtuoso o ke mele hīmeni, hoʻonani ʻia i ka poetry a me ka prose. Ma ke kikowaena waena o Rūsia, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i ka wā mua o Mei, ke mele ikaika nei ʻaʻole wale i ka pō, akā ʻo ka kukui hoʻi o ka lā. ʻO kahi pō ia e ʻike ai i ka pō, ʻo kahi lālā o ka ʻohana flycatcher, makemake nui i ka pale a me ka makuku, no ia ke kumu e noho ai i nā nui i loko o nā ululāʻau.

ʻO ke mele mele no ka mea "hāʻawi" i kahi ʻano maʻamau, i hui pū ʻia me nā hana a me nā ʻeke. Ke hoʻomaka nei i kahi mele, kū ʻo ia ma kona wāwae ma kaʻoki, e hāpai ana i kona huʻu a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona mau ʻēheu. Kūlou ka manu, ua kū ke poʻo ʻana a kau a i ke kūlohelohe e like me "trrr") a i kahi lā kuhi monotonous lōʻihi.

I loko o kahi mele mele nightingale, nā whist, nā roulades male a me nā kaomi i nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻo kēlā me kēia o nā mea i kapa ʻia, ka inoa o ke kuli (aia ma kahi o kahi mau haneli o lākou), e hana pinepine ʻia i kekahi mau manawa. A ʻo ka mea nightingale e aʻo i ke mele me kona mau kaikuaʻana i kona ola a pau: eia ke kumu e oli like ʻole ai nā Kursk nightingales ma mua o ka Arkhangelsk, a me nā mea mikia Moscow ʻaʻole i mele like me ka Tula.

ʻO ka ʻolunu Polyphonic

He manu ʻona 25 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, me kahi mālamalama hina hina nui a me ka huʻu ʻeleʻele lōʻihi me nā hulu ʻulaʻula (waho). ʻIke ʻia ka Mockingbird no kahi talena onomatopoeic unrivaled a me kahi waiwai momona o 50-200 mau mele.

Hoʻomaka nā ʻano ʻano ma Kanada hema, e hele ana ma USA a Mekikeke a me ke kai ʻo Caribbean, akā, ka hapanui o nā manu e noho nei i ke kuana mai Florida a Texas. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Mockingbird i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa me ka ʻāina, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i kanu ʻia, a me nā keka lāʻau, nā semi-deserto, nā mahina āpau a me nā kuʻuna ākea.

Hōʻeu ke kāne ʻoluʻolu i ke ʻano i ke ao, hana nui ʻia i nā leo o nā holoholona ʻē (me nā manu) a me nā leo e lohe pono ʻia ana, no ka hoʻohālike, ka leo walaʻau a me ka uwē ʻana o nā kaʻa. ʻO ke mele mele like ʻole mau, paʻakikī a lōʻihi loa.

Hoʻokele ia i nā hua, nā hua a me nā invertebrates, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻāina. He manu lele ʻole ʻo Mockingbird: ke wiwo ʻole a kū maila ʻo ia e pale aku i kāna nūnū, e hōʻuluʻulu pinepine ana i nā hoalauna e hoʻokahuli pū me kahi mea e noho kokoke ana.

Palapala Lark

ʻO kekahi manu ʻē aʻe, no nā kenekulia ʻoi wiwo ʻole e nā mea poʻomanaʻo. He manu manu nondescript ka nui o ka hale manu - 40 wale ke paona ma 18 cm o ke kino ākea. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a ʻaʻole kokoke loa e hopu i ka maka: ʻo ke kāne ke hīmeni pono ʻole ʻana, e ʻimi ana kāna kaikamahine i ka meaʻai a ke kali nei paha iā ia ma lalo.

Hoʻomaka ka Lark i kahi mele i ka lewa, e piʻi kiʻekiʻe ana a kiʻekiʻe aʻe i nā neʻe a hiki i kona neʻe ʻana i ka lewa. Ma kahi hiki i ka pae kiʻekiʻe (100-150 m ma luna o ka ʻāina), huli ke ahulau i hope, ʻaʻole i ka pōʻai, akā hele ʻole ka lele ʻana i kona mau eheu.

I ka iho ʻana o ka lark, ua mele loa kona mele, a hoʻomaka nā kani kani. Ma kahi o iwakālua mau mika mai ka papa aku, ua hoʻopau ka lark i ka oli a hoʻolālā koke i lalo me kona mau eheu.

ʻO ke mele o ka lark, e hāmeʻa ana i nā māla mai ke kakahiaka a hiki i ke kakahiaka, ʻoiai ʻo kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā memo, kani nui nā melodic. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea huna i ka hui pū ʻana o nā leo e kani ai me kahi bele (like me nā kakaka) trill.

Wren

Tiny (10 g ma 10 cm ke kiʻekiʻe) akā he stockish brownish brown bird e noho ana ma Eurasia, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa.Mahalo i ka plumage maloʻo, ʻano like ke kūloko me kahi pōpoki fluffy me kahi pōkole pōkole i hāpai.

Ke alo ʻole i nā heiau ma waena o nā lālā o nā kumulā, e lele i waena o ka mea ʻala a holo i ka nahele. Hoʻi hou ʻo ia i nā pūnaewele i nā wahi, i ka wā i kolo ai nā pahu kuahiwi i ka nahele, a hāʻule ka hau ma nā wahi ākea.

I ka mokuahi Moscow, hiki ke lohe ʻia i ke mele a ka wren i nā lā o ʻApelila. ʻAʻole wale ke mele, akā he leo nui nō hoʻi, i hoʻokumu ʻia e sonorous, akā like ʻole i kēlā me kēia, ke ʻano wikiwiki. Hoʻopili ʻo Wren i kāna mele, piʻi i ka ʻōpala, kahi puʻupuʻu palu a hele i waena o nā lālā. Ke pau ʻana i ka hana, lele nui ke kāne i ka dais e komo koke i loko o ka luʻu.

ʻBlelo mele

ʻO ia ke ulana inoa ʻole ʻo ka "nightingale o ka nahele," no ka mea makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā nahele ʻē aʻe a kū ʻo ia i kāna mau mele paʻakikī. ʻO ka songbird he lālā o ka ʻohana blackbird a kaulana loa ia e nā poʻe noho o Asia Minor, ʻEulopa a me Siberia.

He ʻano manu manu ʻula kēia i kā ke aniani ʻo 70 a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 21.5-25 cm.ʻO nā manu e ʻike ʻia ana ma nā wahi hoʻomohala ma mua o ka waena o ʻApelila, e noho ana i nā kihi i kūpono no ka hoʻoulu.

E hīmeni ana ke mele a hiki i ke kakahiaka, akā ʻoi loa ka pō i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka. ʻO ke mele mele sonorous, unhurried a nani hoʻi: lōʻihi ke mele me ka nui o nā uʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā waihona laconic. Hoʻomaopopo ka thrush i kēlā me nā kuli mele 2–4 mau manawa.

E mele ana i nā ʻeleʻele, e noho ana ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau. Hoʻolālā pinepine lākou i nā manu ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, ʻo kā lākou mele ponoʻī i manaʻo ʻia he thrush maikaʻi loa.

Kūʻai maʻamau

ʻO ka manu manuahi mua e hele mai ana ma waena o Rūsia me nā paila muaʻehā mua, ma ka maʻamau Malaki. Makemake nā Starlings i kahi moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, akā maʻamau nō hoʻi i nā ʻūhā, nā alahele ala, nā wao nahele a me nā ʻalihi.

ʻO ka leo nui a ke mele a nā mea e pīhoihoi ai. Haʻi maoli ke kāne i ka mīkini hoʻokalakupua maoli, akā me ke ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻae ʻana a me nā leo hoʻokalakupua ʻē aʻe i komo ʻole i loko o kāna pūkena.

Manaʻo. I ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea e hīmeni nui ai lākou a ʻoi aku ma mua o nā manu e hoʻopuni a puni ia, ʻoi aku ka hoʻonā ʻana a me ka nomadic, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻi hou mai nā holoholona migratory i ka nahele.

He mea ʻewaʻaka hoʻi nā Starlings i nā leo bipolar i loko o kā lākou mele - ka pōkole coging, kūlou ʻo ka ʻīlio a me ka hilahila, hana ʻana i ka huila kaʻa a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ʻano o nā manu ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻopili maoli ʻia ka Starling i kāna mele ʻaʻole wale nā ​​ʻohana, akā kani pū nō hoʻi ia i ka wā hoʻoilo / lele, ʻaʻole me ka hina ʻole a kū ʻole i kahi minute. ʻO nā Starlings, e noho lōʻihi ana i ka noho pio ʻana, e noʻonoʻo pono i ka leo o ke kanaka, e haʻi ana i nā huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi a me nā mau ʻōlelo lōʻihi.

Aliʻi ʻulaʻula

ʻO kahi mele mele liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ma mua o 10 cm, maʻamau i loko o ka ulu lāʻau ʻo ʻEulopa a me Asia. ʻO ka pahu melemele ke ʻano like me kahi pōleʻa liʻiliʻi ʻulaʻula me nā ʻēheu nāu, kahi i kanu ʻia ai ka pōpoki liʻiliʻi - he poʻo ia me ka maka ʻalohi ʻiliʻili a me kahi kaila melemele lōʻihi lōʻihi e hoʻonani i ka lei.

Males o ke aliʻi melemele i ke mele i ʻApelila a mua o Mei - ʻo ia nā leo melodic nā leo i lohe ʻia mai nā mānoanoa o nā lālā pihi.

Noho ka mōʻī ma ka wao coniferous (maʻa mau ia), akā, pili pū kekahi i nā nahele i ʻālepa me ka ulu ʻana, e neʻe ana ma ka hoʻoilo, ma ka wander a me ka wana ʻana. Ua holo kaʻa nā aliʻi me ka titmouse, nona nā ʻano maʻamau iā lākou.

Piʻi koke nā manu i nā lehelehe, hoʻopili me ka pīhoihoi kupaianaha i nā ʻākena o nā lālā manamana a lawe i nā maʻi acrobatic kupaianaha. I ke kauwela, loaʻa lākou i ka meaʻai ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lei, e iho ana i ka kokoke i ka ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo / ʻāwī, a e hōʻiliʻili ana i ka meaʻai kūpono i ka hau.

Nā manu nahele (me ke kino o 23 a 40 cm), e noho nei ma Aotearoa wale nō. He 3 mau ʻano ʻohana o ka ʻohana guiyi, kēlā me kēia ʻano he lean. Kuhi ʻia nā manu āpau e ka mua o nā catkins (ulu nā kukui) ma ke kumu o ka beak. Ua lōʻihi nā ʻēheu o ko lāua mau ʻōpū, nā wāwae a me ka huelo.

ʻO ka gu biting he kikowaena ʻeleʻele, me ia ka hope o ka huelo, i paʻi ʻia ma ka keʻokeʻo, kūlike. He mau pepeiao pepeiao kona a he beak. ʻO nā mea hope loa, ma ke ala, ʻokoʻa loa ia i nā wahine a me nā kāne: ʻo nā wahine ʻoi ke lōʻihi a ʻōliki, i nā kāne ʻoi pōkole a pololei.

ʻO ka beak ka lōʻihi a me nā ʻūpiki, ʻo ia ka mea i paʻa me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻohana guiyi, saddle-spin. Hāpai ka uliuli ʻeleʻele i kāna kala, akā ua palau ʻia me ka kohu nui ma luna o nā ʻēheu uhi a me ke kua, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai he "lamala".

Kokako ʻia nā Kokako (nā ʻano ʻē aʻe) me ka ʻona ʻo ka ʻoliva ma ka huelo / ʻēheu, a he pupu ʻalaʻupuʻu pōkole me kahi kaula ma ka beak. ʻAʻole lele maikaʻi ʻo Kokako, e like me ka mea e kani ʻana i ke aloha, me ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka papaʻuhele i kahi mau mika, a ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā nahele ākea o ka beech hema hema (notophagus).

Manaʻo. ʻO nā kāne o nā mea ʻelua hope i mau leo ​​nani a ikaika hoʻi. I ke kūlohelohe, hōʻike pinepine lākou i nā mele antiphon a me ka duet.

Ua pili nā Kokako a me ke kaumaha i ka kūlana like ma ka papa inoa ʻĀina IUCN - ua pau ka hopena.

ʻO ka pā hula hāmeʻa

He manu ʻona manu kaomi, e ulu nui ana ma mua o 12-15 cm ka paona mai 10 a 15 mau g. Ma muli o kona ʻānela ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻulaʻula. ʻO nā moemoe ma luna, he brownish-hina a pinkish-ʻulaʻula hoʻi i ka ʻōpū, ka lei a me ka ʻili o luna hoʻi i ʻike ʻia i ʻulaʻula. Ua kau ʻia nā pāpale wahine a me nā manu ʻōpio me nā pāpale ulaula, akā ke keʻokeʻo wale ʻia ko lākou mau kino.

E makemake e noho i nā kaila hula ma waena o ke taiga, tundra a me ke ʻano lāʻau-tundra o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAsia. Ma ka taiga, ʻike ia i loko o nā pulu liʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i loko o nā māla o ka birar dwarf, inā e kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka shrub tundra.

Pūʻoiaʻiʻo. Hōʻani i kahi mea hīmeni kīwī, i ka wā o ka wā hana. ʻAʻole kā ke mele i ke mele, no ka mea he mau papa maloʻo e like me "trerrrrr" a me kahi hui o nā kelepona mau ʻo "che-che-che".

Ma nā ʻāpana alpine a me nā subalpine ka mauna i pili ʻili ʻia, a ma Eurundian tundra / taiga - lehu ʻulaʻula loa. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā hula āpau i nā puʻu a me ka haki mau ʻana ma ka lele, e hana ana i kahi leo e like me "che-che", "cheny", "che-che-che", "chevy", "cheeei" a i ʻole "chuv".

Wagtail kikika, a i ʻole Pliska

ʻOi iki ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pīpī keʻokeʻo, akā ʻo ka mea i hoʻopalike ʻia, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nani me ke kaʻe ʻiliʻulu - ke kīleʻoni ʻoni-ʻākala i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻēheu-ʻeleʻele a me kahi huelo ʻeleʻele, nona nā hulu ʻāpana (ke kapa kūleʻa) i ʻāpana ke keʻokeʻo. Hōʻike maoli ka dimorphism moe kino i loko o kahi kaila-ʻulaʻeleʻele o ke poʻo o ke poʻo a me nā mea kilokilo ma ka umauma wahine. Kaumaha pliska kaupaona ma kahi o 17 g. Me ka lōʻihi o 17-19 cm.

ʻO ka nano lehelehe melemele ma ke komohana ʻo Alaska, ma ʻĀsia (koe wale nō no ke komohana hema, hema a me nā ʻāina ʻākau nui), a me ʻAmelika ʻākau (Nile Delta, Tunisia, ʻĀkau Algeria) a me ʻEulopa. Ma ke kikowaena waena o ko mākou ʻāina, e hoʻi ka melepele melemele i kekahi manawa ma ka waena o ʻApelila, ua hoʻoili koke ʻia i nā ʻulā haʻahaʻa haʻalulu a me nā wahi i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala (kahi e nānā pono ʻia ai nā lāʻau ulu) a i ʻole mau hums ʻōpala pit.

E lohe koke ʻia nā ʻōpio pōkole mua i ka wā e hiki mai ai i ka hoʻoilo: piʻi ke kāne ma ke kumu ikaika a wehe i kona ʻōpū ākea, hana i kāna serenade maʻalahi.

Ke ʻimi nei ʻo Pliska i ka meaʻai ma ke kaʻe ʻana i waena o ka mauʻu a i ʻole ke hopu ʻana i nā iniseti i ka lewa, akā naʻe pēlā ma ka lele, ʻaʻole e like me ka holo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻoi loa ka manawa. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ua pinepine pinepine ʻia ka pahu hāwau lauwila kaila o nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi.

"Chromosome" ʻokoʻa

ʻAʻole i liuliu i hala aku nei, hele mai ka hypothesis i kēia mahalo i kēia chromosome, ua hoʻokō nā songbirds e pālahalaha a puni ka honua. ʻO ka noho ʻana o kahi chromosome hou aʻe i loko o nā pehu polima o nā mele mele i hōʻoia ʻia e nā mea ʻenehana mai Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk a me St. Petersburg Universities, a me ka Siberian Ecological Center.

Ua hoʻohālikelike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka DNA o 16 mau ʻano mele mele (mai 9 mau ʻohana, ʻo ka bullfinches, siskins, nā ʻū a me nā mea ʻai) a me nā mea he 8 mai nā kauoha ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me nā moa, nā moa, nā ʻakeke, nā duck a me nā falcon.

Pūʻoiaʻiʻo. Ka mea i ʻike ʻole i nā mea mele mele ʻole, ua ʻike kahiko lākou (me ka 35 miliona mau makahiki o ka ʻike ma ka Honua), he ʻona loa ka chromosome ma mua o nā mele i ʻike ʻia ma ka lewa.

Ma ke ala, no ka manawa mua i loaʻa ka chromosome "over" i ka 1998 i loko o kahi zebra amadina, akā hōʻike ʻia kēia i nā ʻano pilikino. Ma hope mai (2014) ua loaʻa kekahi chromosome hou i ka Japanese Amadina, ka mea e noʻonoʻo nei i nā mea nānā manu iā ia.

Ua ʻōlelo aku nā mea noiʻi manuahi Lūkini e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā chromosome i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ua like kona ʻano me ke ʻano o nā mele a pau. ʻOiai ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o ka mana o kēia chromosome i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele passerines mele, manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻepekema ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i nā kaha adaptive o nā manu, e ʻae iā lākou e noho i nā ʻāpana āpau.

Nā leo leo o nā manu

ʻOiai nā mele mele maikaʻi loa, e like me ka nightingale a i ʻole paha i ka blackbird, he mau mele mele, ʻo kekahi he leo kūʻaʻo, a hoʻi ʻole ke kani i ka leo. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā ʻano manu like like me nā ʻona like ʻole o ka nui o ka leo, a hui ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano i kāna mele ponoʻī. Hoʻokahi wale ʻia kekahi manu i kekahi mau memo, ʻoiai aia kekahi mahele i nā octaves. Nā manu i kani ai ke mele he mele nui o nā leo, no ka mea, ulu nā manu he nui ma ke pio ʻana, e hoʻomaka e hīmeni e like me ka wā e hiki aku ai i kekahi makahiki. ʻO nā mele mele hou aku, e like me ka nightingales, pono nō e aʻo i kēia kiʻi mai ko lākou mau kaikuaʻana.

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Ua hoʻokū ʻia kahi mea kupanaha hou, ka mea e hōʻike nei i ka like o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā manu like ʻokoʻa, aʻo ke ʻano like loa. Mālama kēia ʻano ʻōiwi i nā manu i ka wā moe me ka moe ʻana i nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

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