Pūnaewele
Hānau uri no kahi kao a me nā hipa
Pūnaewele Hybrid
ʻĀwili Ovis × Nā lālani capra

Pūnaewele - kahi kiʻi i loaʻa mai ke kū ʻana i ka hipa me kahi kao a me nā kao me nā hipa. No ka kao keiki kaona i loko o nā ʻano o nā kao kuahiwi, nā hipa hipa - i loko o ke ʻano o nā hipa kāne. He 60 chromosome ka kao, a ʻo nā hipa 54. ʻO ka hua e hua ana mai ke kīlaʻi o ka maʻi ʻānō he maʻamau ka hānau ʻana.

Nā ʻōhua Hana Hybridization maikaʻi

I ka 2000, ua hānauʻia kahi male male i Botswana - nā hua hānau o ka hipa kāne a me ka kao. Ua kuhi ʻia ka kīpuna i 10 mau mahina, i ka manawa i kākau ai, he 5 makahiki kona mau makahiki. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi o nā karyotype he 57 chromosome a kēlā kanaka - kahi helu waena ma waena o ka helu o nā hipa chromosome (54) a me nā kao (60) ʻO kahi māla i ka 5 mau makahiki ke kaupaona ʻana ʻo 93 kg. ʻO ka paona momona o nā hipa castrated o nā makahiki like he 53.73 ± 13.83 kg. He kapa ʻino ka hybrid, akā he palupalu maʻa, mau wāwae kao a me kahi kino hipa koʻikoʻi. ʻOiai ka hana pono o ka hybrid, he libido ikaika loa. I ka lilo ʻana o ka mea i pale ʻia, ua hoʻolei ʻia ʻo ia.

Ma New Zealand, aia kahi hihia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahine wahine, no ka hipa kāne a me ke kao, a me 57 mau chromosom. Pau ʻole kēia kīlea.

I Palani, ua hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i kekahi mau pua mai ka hipa kāne. Ua hānau ʻia kahi pēpē hoʻokahi, ʻo ke kāne lua ka male male a he 54 mau chromosome.

I Lūkini, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Nizhny Novgorod, Irina Mikhailovna Nemesh ma loko o kona hale ua loaʻa i nā hua keiki mai kahi kao a me ka hipa. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hua hakahaka i nā inoa - "basles" (hipa + kāne kāne). Ua ulu nui nā Hybrids ma mua o nā hipa. Ua like nā lau nui o nā pākeke me he mau hipa lā, ua like ka lauoho like me ka lauoho o nā kahu hipa Caucasian, heʻuʻuku ka undercoat, a hoʻoili ʻia i loko o ka pūnāwai e like me nā kao. Ma nā poʻo he 12 o nā bazles, he 3 wale nō kāne. Ua hoʻonui hou lākou libido, ʻoiai ke kīnā ʻole.

ʻO wai nā ipu a me ke ʻano o ko lākou nānā ʻana

ʻO ka kao kaona hale he mamo i nā kao kuahiwi, a e kau mai ka hipa hipa mai nā hipa. ʻO ka hipa he 54 nā chromosome, a ʻo nā kao he 60 nā chromosome. Ma muli o kēia, ua hānau mau ka hānau. Akā ua hoʻokele ke kāne kane kāne i ke ola, a loaʻa iā ia nā hōʻailona mai nā mākua ʻelua.

He lōʻihi ke kahua, e like me ka kao hipa, a ua like nā wāwae me ka kao. Ua loaʻa kēia mau holoholona i kahi 57 chromosomes, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hapalua mai nā mākua ʻelua.

I nā mahina 10, ua ʻohi pono ʻia ka basle mua. He kino koʻikoʻi ka hybrid, e like me ka hipa kāne. A i nā makahiki 5, ua ʻoi aku kona nui ma mua o 90 kilona. ʻO ke kōlio ka hana a me ka puʻupaʻa, hōʻike ʻo ia i ke aloha i nā wahine, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "rapist".

Nā kuʻuna i ka mahiʻai

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like like ʻole ma Kelemānia, USA, New Zealand, Palani, Chile, Ireland, Malta, Jamaica a me Russia. He wahine hānau ʻia ma New Zealand kekahi 57 chromosom. I Palani, ua hiki i ka basle ke hoʻohua a hānau mai ka hipa, aʻo ka make hoʻokahi i make, a ʻo ke lua ka kāne, he 54 mau chromosome.

ʻO waho, kahi like ka basle me kahi hipa, akā he huluhulu me he kao. ʻO ka ʻai o nā ʻāpana he ʻono like.

I Kaleponi, ua loaʻa i ka basle mua i ka 2011. Hoʻokahi wahine wahine i ka progeny hybr no nā makahiki he nui. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau wahi ʻaila no ka mea ʻai, no ka mea ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻai a loaʻa ke ʻano ʻono.

I ka makahiki 2014, nui nā pālani i hānau ʻia; loaʻa nā holoholona kao a me nā hipa ma Kelemānia, ʻIlani a me USA. I Irlandia, ua hānau ʻia ka basle mai kahi hipa me nā hulu keʻokeʻo, akā ʻo ia ʻo ia iho ʻulaʻula, ʻo ka pū kekahi me kona mau pepeiao, e like me ke keiki. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o Bazl ma mua o nā keiki hipa. Ma Irani, ua lilo kēia kīlau i mea kaulana, ʻo ka mea mahiʻai, ma luna ona ua ʻike ʻia ka basle, ua hoʻokūkū ʻo ia i kahi hoʻokūkū no ka inoa ʻoi maikaʻi loa nona. ʻO ka mea hānai he mea nona ka pub, no laila he nui ka poʻe i aʻo e pili ana i kāna waihona.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 21, hoʻomaka ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā basle i ka ʻona nui.

I ka ʻāina ʻo Nizhny Novgorod, ua loaʻa ka wahine wahine Lūkini i nā keiki mai ka hipa a me ke kao. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mau hae hae - hipa kāne a me nā kao. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā bazles ma nā hipa.

ʻO ka helehelena ke nānā aku, ua like lākou me ka hipa, a ua like ko lākou lauoho me ke ʻano he kahu hipa Caucasian, i ka pūnāwai ua ʻolua lākou e like me nā kao. Ua loaʻa nā pahuhopu he 12 mau pahuhopu a he 3 wale nō nā kāne.

ʻO nā hipa a me nā kao hānai i nā mea āpau iʻoi aku ma mua o ko lākou mau mākua.

ʻO ka uluʻana i nā papa āpau he nui loa ka wikiwiki ma mua o ko lākou mau mākua. ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā libido i hoʻonuiʻia. Eia kekahi, pale maikaʻi lākou i nā maʻi like ʻole. Loaʻa paha ia mau ʻano like o nā palani e hoʻāla ai i ka makemake i waena o nā ʻepekema, a hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā hybrids e hoʻoulu maikaʻi.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Kālai a me nā hipa

ʻOi aku ka ʻoi o ka hipa ma mua o kāna kao, a me kona mau pepeiaohao, i ka wā e hele ai, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻala ma kona maka a me nā wāwae hind, a ʻaʻohe manu kāne nā kāne.

ʻO ka hulu hipa he mau ʻāpana pokole. I loko o kēlā me kēia holoholona hipa hihiu, ua like ka lole o waho e like me ka hulu hipa, a ma lalo o lalo kahi kāwele pōkole i ka huluhulu i hoʻohuli ʻia i ka hipa hipa domesticated. ʻO nā hipa kāne, kapa ʻia nā hipa, kapa ʻia nā wahine, a ʻo nā hipa ʻōpio i kapa ʻia he hipa.

ʻOi aku ka kūʻokoʻa o nā kao me ke akamai, aʻo nā keiki hipa e like me ka noho ʻana me nā bipi a maʻalahi a nalowale, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā keiki hipa a me nā hipa paha.

ʻElā

Ma ka awelika, hiki ke kaupaona nā kao keiki ma waena o 15 kg a 130 kg, ma muli o ka ʻano. ʻO ka maʻamau, nā kala maʻamau i loko o nā kao o ka hale ka mea ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me kahi keʻokeʻo. ʻĀpana piha ke kala.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā kao hale noho i nā pepeiaohao a me kahi ʻumiʻumi. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kao kāne ma mua o ka wahine.

He momona maoli a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi nā kao hale. He maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ma muli o ko lākou ʻano tamed. Inā e kaupalena ʻoe i kāu kao o ka hale i kahi pā no nā mea e hoʻokaʻawale, noho lākou a ulu a hauʻoli ma laila.

Hipa

ʻO kēia ka mea momona o ka mammalian gen Ovis. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi o ka hipa ma mua o kāna kao, a me kona mau pepeiaohao, i ka wā e hele ai, hoʻowalewale ia, he mau ʻūpā ala ʻōpiopio ma kona alo a me nā wāwae hind, a ʻaʻohe kāne a nā kāne. ʻO ka hulu hipa he mau ʻāpana pokole.

I nā holoholona hihiu āpau, lawe ka ʻili i waho i ke ʻano o ka lauoho, a ma lalo o kahi poʻi pōkole ʻo ka huluhulu maikaʻi i lilo i ka ʻili o nā hipa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

ʻO ka hipa, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, he huluhulu - ʻili, ka ʻili o ka lauoho - ma luna o kona kino wale nō me ka helehelena. ʻO kekahi mau hipa hipa, e like me nā merino hipa, he mauʻu mānoʻo, makamae, convoluted i loko o kahi ʻōpala ʻōpala.

Hoike

Hiki ke waiho wale i nā manaʻo hoʻohana hoʻohana ʻia!

Kākau i pili i ka pūnaewele a i ʻole papa inoaina o keia ka manawa mua loa i ka Selling Man.

10/05/2018, 17:02 # 7292353 Aneta Politova

04/28/2017, 02:40 # 2973787 Svittiliana

02/23/2017, 08:26 # 2437536 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Hanaia Irina:
Svetlana Ovchinnikova:
Nope, ʻaʻole i lanakila lākou)
ʻO kou Lāpule ke inoa nui o ke aliʻi, ke ola nei i kēia manawa, pōkia paha ka liʻiliʻi, etc., akā hiki i ke aliʻi a me ke aliʻi wahine ke kāhea aku iā lākou.
ʻO ke kākau inoa kahi kūlana, akā. a maanei e hoʻomaka ai ka haunaele. ʻAʻole nō he nui nā regents i loko o ka mōʻaukala, a ʻo ka manawa maʻamau, ʻo ia nō nā makuahine, he ʻili o ka mōʻīwahine - ua loaʻa i ko lākou inoa inoa a hiki i ka mōʻīwahine hou, nā keiki kāne, nā kaikuahine, he mau mōʻī lākou, nā mōʻīwahine (e like me, ua hoʻomau ka luna o kou Mea kiʻekiʻe iā lākou)
Akā he aha ka mea e hana ai, no ka mea, inā lilo ka duke i ka regent? A eia ke ala e kū mai nei ka haunaele. Ma kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā ʻaha kūkā ua ʻōlelo ʻia e kāhea aku i ka Regent - ʻO kāu Mea kiʻekiʻe, i kēia hihia, mea like, e like me ke kūlana o ka regent me ka inoa o ke aliʻi. Ma muli o ka loio, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau, akā naʻe, me ka mea maoli, ʻaʻole wau i loaʻa, ʻoiai ua makemake wau i ka manaʻo hoʻokahi)

ʻAe, aloha nui inā ʻaʻohe mea e nīnau no ka mea maoli ʻo ia) Eia kā mākou i aliʻi. akā, aia nō nā ʻimi hulina, eh ..)

02/22/2017, 20:15 # 2434230 Seliverstova Irina

Svetlana Ovchinnikova:
Hanaia Irina:
Svetlana Ovchinnikova:

I kēlā manawa, makemake nui wau i ke ʻano o nā hoʻopiʻi i kēia mau kānaka i kapa ʻia, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he mau nuances. Pīhoihoi nui wau i ka nīnau o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Regent? Pane hopohopo wale.

Ua nīnau maikaʻi! Hoʻohālike paha e like me ka luna ponoʻī iā ia iho. Loaʻa ma kahi: "Ka Mō'ī Hanohano - hoʻopiʻi i ka emepela i noho ai. Ma kēia hihia," e ʻāpono ʻia kāu "Lalo."

Nope, ʻaʻole i lanakila lākou)
ʻO kou Lāpule ke inoa nui o ke aliʻi, ke ola nei i kēia manawa, pōkia paha ka liʻiliʻi, etc., akā hiki i ke aliʻi a me ke aliʻi wahine ke kāhea aku iā lākou.
ʻO ke kākau inoa kahi kūlana, akā. a maanei e hoʻomaka ai ka haunaele. ʻAʻole nō he nui nā regents i loko o ka mōʻaukala, a ʻo ka manawa maʻamau, ʻo ia nō nā makuahine, he ʻili o ka mōʻīwahine - ua loaʻa iā lākou kā lākou inoa a hiki i ka mōʻīwahine hou, nā keiki kāne, nā kaikuahine, he mau aliʻi lākou, nā mōʻīwahine (.
Akā he aha ka mea e hana ai, no ka mea, inā lilo ka duke i ka regent? A eia ke ala e kū mai nei ka haunaele. Ma kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā ʻaha kūkā ua ʻōlelo ʻia e kāhea aku i ka Regent - ʻO kāu Mea kiʻekiʻe, i kēia hihia, mea like, e like me ke kūlana o ka regent me ka inoa o ke aliʻi. Ma muli o ka loio, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau, akā naʻe, me ka mea maoli, ʻaʻole wau i loaʻa, ʻoiai ua makemake wau i ka manaʻo hoʻokahi)

02/22/2017, 18:15 # 2433152 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Hanaia Irina:
Svetlana Ovchinnikova:
ʻAʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole wau i mālama i nā leka, akā makehewa

ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa kōkua lākou i ka nui)

I kēlā manawa, makemake nui wau i ke ʻano o nā hoʻopiʻi i kēia mau kānaka i kapa ʻia, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he mau nuances. Pīhoihoi nui wau i ka nīnau o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Regent? Pane hopohopo wale.

Ua nīnau maikaʻi! Hoʻohālike paha e like me ka luna ponoʻī iā ia iho. Loaʻa ma kahi: "Ka Mō'ī Hanohano - hoʻopiʻi i ka emepela i noho ai. Ma kēia hihia," e ʻāpono ʻia kāu "Lalo."

A makemake nui hoʻi wau i ke poʻo inoa ʻo "Prince" i manaʻo wau e hoʻokokoke iā ia. Akā ka make ʻana i loko o nā ululā o ka loio o Lūkia. loaʻa maoli iā mākou nā aliʻi e like me ka lepo. A ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻi ma hope aku me kahi manaʻo ʻoi aʻe.

ʻAe, ʻaʻohe maʻalahi nā aliʻi)

He paʻakikī ʻole ia, me nā ʻenekia ʻenehana hou e hoʻopuka mau mai ana iaʻu i kahi māka nalo, ʻo ka manawa inā pono wau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi kikoʻī, pono wau e hoʻolilo i kekahi mau hola i ke kaua me Google a hiki i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kaʻu mea e pono ai. No laila pono ʻoe e nānā, nānā a hoʻoili i ka ʻike)

Aʻole loa! Pehea wau e ʻike ai i kēia ʻatikala, no ka laʻana, akā pono mau ʻoi) hoʻomaka wau e kākau maikaʻi me ka Pūnaewele)

02/22/2017, 17:53 # 2432938 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Noha Julia / Ethelka:
Loaʻa iaʻu nā mea āpau i kahi mahele hakakā: nā faila, nā loulou i nā pūnaewele. ʻAʻole kū nā lima a pau e ʻohi. ʻĀ, i kēlā me kēia manawa a pono ai au, e eli hou ai au, e like me ka manawa mua. Pono hoʻi e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a hoʻokomo i nā blog. Aia nō iā wau no nā ʻike like ʻole a me kaʻu mau ʻepekema moʻolelo.

E hōʻoluʻolu kēia i ke ola no nā poʻe he nui) E kali mākou e lilo i poʻe aloha?

02.22.2017, 15:37 # 2432014 Seliverstova Irina

Svetlana Ovchinnikova:
Hanaia Irina:
Mahalo nui iā 'oe! ʻAtikala maikaʻi loa ʻoe!

Naʻu ka hauʻoli! ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoluʻolu i nā mea nui loa)

ʻImi hou ʻia nā ʻike like ʻole. E hoʻohui i nā papa kuhikuhi. ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hele a lima

Ua loaʻa paha ʻoe i kahi ma kahi o kēia?) I kekahi manawa paʻakikī ke kiʻi aku i kekahi mea kūpono ʻia)

ʻAʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole wau i mālama i nā leka, akā makehewa
I kēlā manawa, makemake nui wau i ke ʻano o nā hoʻopiʻi i kēia mau kānaka i kapa ʻia, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he mau nuances. Pīhoihoi nui wau i ka nīnau o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Regent? Pane hopohopo wale.
A makemake nui hoʻi wau i ke poʻo inoa ʻo "Prince" i manaʻo wau e hoʻokokoke iā ia. Akā ka make ʻana i loko o nā ululā o ka loio o Lūkia. loaʻa maoli iā mākou nā aliʻi e like me ka lepo. A ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻi ma hope aku me kahi manaʻo ʻoi aʻe.
He paʻakikī ʻole ia, me nā ʻenekia ʻenehana hou e hoʻopuka mau mai ana iaʻu i kahi māka nalo, ʻo ka manawa inā pono wau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi kikoʻī, pono wau e hoʻolilo i kekahi mau hola i ke kaua me Google a hiki i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kaʻu mea e pono ai. No laila pono ʻoe e nānā, nānā a hoʻoili i ka ʻike)

02/22/2017, 11:49 # 2430285 Chernyavskaya Julia / Ethelka

02/22/2017, 11:22 # 2430129 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Noha Julia / Ethelka:
Mahalo nui loa ia no ka ʻike kōkua. Pono pinepine ʻia nā ʻōlelo. No laila he mea pono e loaʻa i ka manawa, e noho, e hōʻiliʻili i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu i nā mea a pau e loaʻa ana me kāu mau mea.

E hauʻoli mau e kōkua! ʻO wau, ma ke ala, loaʻa mau ʻatikala e pili ana i ka hierarchy pule, i kēia lā wau e hoʻohui, inā ʻo ia
Aʻia, a ua hōʻiliʻili nui ʻoe i ka nui?) Hiki i ke ʻikepili maikaʻi ke hoʻohana mau loa ʻia!

02/22/2017, 11:17 # 2430097 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Hanaia Irina:
Mahalo nui iā 'oe! ʻAtikala maikaʻi loa ʻoe!

Naʻu ka hauʻoli! ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoluʻolu i nā mea nui loa)

ʻImi hou ʻia nā ʻike like ʻole. E hoʻohui i nā papa kuhikuhi. ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hele a lima

Ua loaʻa paha ʻoe i kahi ma kahi o kēia?) I kekahi manawa paʻakikī ke kiʻi aku i kekahi mea kūpono ʻia)

02/22/2017, 10:46 # 2429837 Chernyavskaya Julia / Ethelka

02.22.2017, 10:15 # 2429554 Seliverstova Irina

02/21/2017, 20:07 # 2425225 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Zhanna Lebedeva:
Mahalo, ka ʻatikala waiwai!

Noʻu ka hauʻoli! Mea hauʻoli e kaʻana ʻike)

02/21/2017, 20:05 # 2425212 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Inna Komarova:
Svetlana Ovchinnikova:
A ʻike ʻoe, loaʻa mau ʻatikala wau e pili ana i ka hierarchy halepule (i ʻike ʻoe mai lalo), aia paha ia e hana maʻalahi? Ke hele nei e hoʻohui

ʻOiaʻiʻo, Svetochka. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻike nui loa.

A maikaʻi nō kēlā - ʻānō, ʻaʻole wau e hoʻonui a hui hou i ka lā ʻapōpō, no laila ke kali nei wau i kahi kipa, e nānā

02/21/2017, 20:03 # 2425191 Zhanna Lebedeva

02.21.2017, 19:52 # 2425038 Inna Komarova

02/21/2017, 17:14 # 2423604 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

ʻO Yaroslav Vasiliev:
Aia kekahi mea kūpono i loko o ka "ʻatikala o nā mea kākau" - ka ʻaoʻao "pono"

Auwe! Ma koim tamiʻa koʻi uie kiʻekiʻe naʻo ne i iini. Mahalo!

02/21/2017, 16:34 # 2423310 Yaroslav Vasiliev

02/21/2017, 15:56 # 2423051 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

ʻO Yaroslav Vasiliev:
moʻolelo maikaʻi
pono e mālama i loko o ka papa hana

Ua hauʻoli wau i!
I loko o kahi papa? Hanana nui)

02.21.2017, 13:23 # 2421843 Yaroslav Vasiliev

02/21/2017, 08:14 # 2419555 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Inna Komarova:
Svetlana Ovchinnikova:

ʻO nā ʻike maikaʻi loa kāu i mālama ai! I mālama paha wau iaʻu iho
A ʻike ʻoe, loaʻa mau ʻatikala wau e pili ana i ka hierarchy halepule (i ʻike ʻoe mai lalo), aia paha ia e hana maʻalahi? Ke hele nei e hoʻohui

02/20/2017, 9:17 PM # 2416522 Inna Komarova

Svetochka, ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻike:
Nono i na'lii
1. Hōʻike ʻia ka Middle Ages e ke ʻano kūikawā o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu: ʻo ka ʻōlelo interethnic o nā hoʻomana a me ka moʻomeheu kākau palapala (ʻokoʻa ʻole mai nā haipule) kūlike i ka ʻōlelo kūloko, ka mea i lawelawe no ka kamaʻilio ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.
2. No ka makahiki waena, ua nānā pono ʻia ka ʻōlelo i ka mea, no ka mea ka moʻomeheu o ka Palapala Hemolele (a ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka hoʻomana Kalikimaka - e hoʻomanaʻo mākou i ka Quran a me nā Vedas) lawe mai i kēia ʻano i ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu. ʻO ka puke o nā puke o ka Middle Ages i ʻike i ka huaʻōlelo i ke kī o ka ʻike o nā mea huna e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā puke laʻa. Ma ka ʻōlelo ʻiwi e, ua pili kēia i ka hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hua ʻōlelo hoʻomalu, ka hapanui o ka pili me nā manaʻo hoʻomana.
3. No ka feudalism i hōʻike ʻia e ka mele hierarchical a me ka seremonial e pili ana i ka puke-palapala. Kahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole me ka hoʻokaʻawale like ʻana o ka ʻohana feudal i loko o nā pūʻulu a me ka ʻae ʻana o kēia māhele. No ka laʻana, ka māhele ʻana i ke kaiāulu i loko o ka ʻatikala a me ka maluhia, kahi halepule haipule a me ka hierarchy secular, nā papa hana a me nā mea hana o nā mea akamai a me nā mea kūʻai aku, ʻo ka hoʻopili i nā poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā ʻano kekahā o nā kālele pili, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā nane, nā rula, nā mea hoʻopiʻi he mea nui nō hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka honua kahi i hoʻoponopono ʻia o ka ʻano, ka ʻona honua, a me nā huaʻōlelo. Nā. ʻO nā ʻano o ka hele ʻana o nā papa o nā hanana, pehea e ʻano ai ka mea hana, me nā huaʻōlelo e wehewehe ai ka mea kākau i nā hanana. ʻO ke ʻano ikaika i kākau ʻia nā mana kahiko, ka puka ʻana o nā palapala paʻa, ka lawe ʻana i nā hua i kahi o nā hana i ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻokū o nā kiʻi, nā hōʻailona, ​​nā hoʻohālike, nā hoʻohālikelike, etc. No ka hoʻohālikelike, nā hoʻohālikelike mau i loko o ka nui o Islandia i lilo i euphemism (kennings e like me ke "light light", "kaua kaua" e pili ana i kahi pahi, "lio o nā kaʻa", "bear bear" e pili ana i kahi moku, "moe o Fafnir", "ʻo Siv's hair" e pili ana i ke gula a etc.).

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Middle Ages e nā hierarchy loa a me nā rula ramified o ka etiquette, ka mea i lilo i mea paʻakikī loa i nā makahiki 12-16 wale nō. Makemake au e noho ma ka hōʻailona hōʻailona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa i nā manawa like ʻole.
I nā makahiki mua, ua kamaʻilio ʻia nā inoa hanohano ma mua o nā inoa kahi i kapa ʻia ai kahi inoa a he poʻo inoa e noho ana: Ma kahi kūkā kamaʻilio like, hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ka inoa o ka wahi i pili i ka haku feudal. ʻAʻole i kūkākūkā ʻia nā kānaka me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka inoa inoa, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana kūlana wale.
ʻO ka mua, makemake wau e hāʻawi i ke ʻano maʻamau i maʻamau ʻia i nā ʻāina he nui, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka alakaʻi aliʻi.
Ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka Aliʻi / Moʻolelo -
i ke aliʻi / aliʻi a i ʻole ka duke o ke aliʻi aliʻi - nā Mea Hanohano,
i ke kaikaina a me ka wahine a me ke aliʻi - i kou haku,
i ka helu / helu a i ʻole Marquise / Marquise - kāu maikaʻi
i ke koena - kou aloha.
Ua hiki ke inoa ʻia kekahi poʻe aliʻi:
ʻo ka nani ka nani a me ka mana.
mana a i helu ʻia - kiʻekiʻe-mana a mana hoʻi o ka mana, ka helu hanohano / helu maikaʻi,
kaʻina - he aliʻi hanohano a ikaika hoʻi.
He haku pono ʻole ka baron.
Nānā i nā mākaukau:
i ka pope / patriarch - I kou Hemolele,
i ka ʻekekaumau / cardinal - ʻO kou
Anglican - Kau Kauoha / Milord Archbishop,
Kakolika - Milord Archbishop,
i nā pīpī - ʻO kou aloha
Anglican - koʻu haku,
Kakolika - Milord Bishop / Rev. Sir,
i nā kūlohelohe - e haʻi iā Sir / kāu makeʻe.
i ke kahuna / monk - ka makua hemolele.
Eia kekahi makemake au e noho ma luna o nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī kūikawā i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia nā inoa ma mua o nā kāhea, akā hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea pono ʻole. Ma ke ʻano ʻole o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ʻike holoʻokoʻa, e hāʻawi wau i ka mea kumu, i koʻu manaʻo, ka ʻikepili e hoʻonui i ka ʻōlelo i luna.

Kanaka (7-12th c.): Konung - aliʻi kiʻekiʻe, aliʻi,
o ka makahiki - luna lunakahiko, kahuna a i luna kānāwai paha.
Khers - ke alakaʻi o ka ʻohana,
jarl - ke kiaʻāina o ke aliʻi, ka mea nona ka ʻona ʻāina nui,
bond (Karl) - ka mea hūʻī manuahi.
he ohu kau ka troll.

ʻĀina (7-10 c.): King,
He kahuna kahiki ʻo Druid
ʻO Bregon - he unuhi ʻōlelo kānāwai,
filid - he mea kākau o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, (ʻo ka hope hope i hiki ke kapa ʻia "bald" no ka lauoho pōkole loa
ʻO ka poeta he mele palani
he koa mea fennius: i kekahi manawa, he lālā piha o ka ʻohana,
ʻO Goidel (Ulad) - kahi hoʻopiʻi ma ka Irishman ma ka laulā.

ʻAnelani (7-10 kenekulia): aliʻi
hoa ʻai - ʻāina ʻokoʻa
Earl - he kanaka nui a he ʻāina nui nona.
gesit - aliʻi koa
pakeke - ʻelena o ka ʻohana kamaliʻi,
tan - he mākaukau o ka hanohano koa lawelawe kaua.

Sepania (910 kenekulia): aliʻi,
keiki pēpē / pēpē - ke keiki kāne a he kaikamahine na ke aliʻi,
nā rikos ombres - ka hanohano kiʻekiʻe (dukes, counts and barons),
Infanson - kahi haku hoʻokipa liʻiliʻi,
cavaliero / hidalgo - maumū,
consejo - he lālā, he lālā o ka ʻaha kūlanakauhale.

Palani (9-13th c.): Ua ʻike ka mōʻī a me nā mea ʻē aʻe
peer - kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa o ka mokuʻāina,
haehae / truvor - he wahi poʻi hīkole a me nā mele,
he kanaka mahiʻai manuahi,
Lawelawe - he serf
lit he kauwā kūwaho ʻole.

Italia (11-13th c.): Duke,.
He apana aina nui ke kapena
valvassor - kahi ʻāina ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi

02.20.2017, 20:35 # 2416098 Inna Komarova

Svetlana Ovchinnikova:
Inna Komarova:
Svetochka!
ʻO ka manawa wale nō i hana pū me kēia pilikia. Pono maikaʻi a ʻike pono. Mahalo nui.ʻae wau i ʻohi a pono ʻole iaʻu iho.

ʻIke wale iaʻu! Mea āpau nou, e ʻoluʻolu, e ʻoliʻoli nui ʻoe i ka lawelawe.
Mahalo nui aloha

ʻO kāu ʻohi i kēlā mau mea? Hoihoi loa!
ʻAe, no kahi ʻāpana hou.

Kaʻana like mea huna, ana paha ia he mea pono?
Oe ke ʻike, ua hōʻiliʻili au i ka liʻiliʻi. E nānā wau i ka waihona inoa. THANKI.

02/20/2017, 19:45 # 2415615 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Inna Komarova:
Svetochka!
ʻO ka manawa wale nō i hana pū me kēia pilikia. Pono maikaʻi a ʻike pono. Mahalo nui.ʻae wau i ʻohi a pono ʻole iaʻu iho.

ʻIke wale iaʻu! Mea āpau nou, e ʻoluʻolu, e ʻoliʻoli nui ʻoe i ka lawelawe.
ʻO kāu ʻohi i kēlā mau mea? Hoihoi loa! Kaʻana like mea huna, ana paha ia he mea pono?

02/20/2017, 19:27 # 2415448 Inna Komarova

02/20/2017, 15:13 # 2413229 Svetlana Ovchinnikova

Wustolpej Amoreemmh Rosalind:
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Mahalo iā ʻoe i ka ʻatikala)

ʻO ia nō ka mea kūpono.

02/20/2017, 14:44 # 2412945 Wustolpe Amoremmh Rosalind