Lake Baikal - He kupaianaha kūlohelohe kū hoʻokahi a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ke ola ma nā wai wai hou. Hoʻouluʻe ka nui o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā mea maʻi i ka loko. Ma loko o kona mōʻaukala, ʻo Baikal ponoʻī a me nā mea ola e noho ai i kona honua ua hoʻomāʻo i kahi ulu kūwaho. Ma muli o kēia, noho ʻia ka loko i nā ʻano ʻuhane kahiko i kū mai i loko o kahi loko liʻiliʻi i mua o Baikal, a me nā ʻōpio hoʻi i kū mai ma Lake Baikal ponoʻī. Aia ma kahi o 300 mau mea o ka protozoa a ma kahi o ka helu like o ka nui o nā ampustods crustacean hoihoi, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, nā mea inikini, nā mollusks, ka iʻa a me nā sila (hōʻailona).

Nā mea kanu Baikal

Ua ʻoi aku ka Baikal ma mua o 1000 mau ʻano lāʻau flora! Ma waho o ke algae, ma kahi o 20 mau ʻano pua o nā mea kanu ulu i ʻike ma aneʻi. ʻO nā ʻāpana a me nā lago sile o ka loko, nā pale mālama i mālama ʻia a me nā muliwai deltas e hānai i nā mea kanu e like me ka lōlihi, ka ʻōpala, nā ʻōkuhi, nā puʻu, nā pū a me ka ʻūpihi.

Algae o Baikal

Ma kahi kokoke i nā ka pali kahawai o Lake Baikal, nā wahi kahakai o ka mika hohonu o ka moana, aia nā mea kanu puaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ke ola nei nā algae ma laila. Inā ʻoe e nānā pono aku i nā pōhaku ma ka laina o ke kahawai ma Iulai, ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa, ʻike ʻoe i kahi māla-ʻokaʻala like ʻole - ulocrix. Kahiʻu hohonu ka uhi ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku me nā kaila melemele o ka algae i kapa ʻia ʻo didimosthenia, a hiki i kahi hohonu (3-10 mika) ke ʻike ʻoe i nā pua liʻiliʻi o Baikal draparnaldia, kahi i hana ai i nā mānoanoa uliuli. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau algae ma kēia hohonu.

Ka waiwai momona a ʻokoʻa ka phytoplankton - nā anuʻu liʻiliʻi e noho nui ana i ka papa o luna o ka wai, kahi e loaʻa ai ka māmā. ʻO kēia nā diatoms gula algae. Nui nui nā ʻano o kēia mau algae e ulu ikaika i ka mahina mua, ke uhi ʻia ka loko i ka ʻili o ka hau. I waena o lākou me nā diatoms aloha-aloha: melisir, cittotella, a me ka sinedra. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻōmole i ke aniani i nā pōpoki me nā algae aloha nui.

I ke kauwela, i ka wā e hoʻonui ai ka wai, ua nui nā ʻano aloha i aloha ʻia i ke kauwela - ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli-uliuli, gula a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka diatoms. ʻO ka nui o ke algae ma Baikal e like me ka manawa.

Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe

ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana no nā mākaukau o Baikal, i kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Red a ʻo ka make i ka make. ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka Lūkia ma Siberia, kahi i noho ai ka ʻulepua hihiu ma kahi o ka ʻāpana a puni ka ʻāina ʻo Irkutsk i kēia manawa. He holoholona holoholona maoli kēia: ʻo ia wale nō ka holoholona ma ka honua ke lei a nā kāne a me nā wahine.

Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hohonu o ka 120 cm. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohokua o nā keʻena, me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻāina, hana kino ʻole, a ma hope no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me nā alanui, ʻo ka nui o ka mea hihiu ma Eastern Siberia i hoʻomaka a emi loa. Ua nalowale ka holoholona i nā wahi āpau kahi i loaʻa ai kāna meaʻai. I kēia lā, ke hakakā nei nā kaanahana o nā kaiāulu a puni ka honua e hoʻopakele i kēia holoholona hihiu, no ka mea aia no he mea ʻole ke hoʻololi i kēia nona ka taiga.

ʻLelo ʻulaʻula

ʻO kekahi ʻīlio ʻulaʻula manu nō kekahi holoholona ua aneane pau loa mai Lusia. Ma ka ʻāina Irkutsk e hele i ka palena ʻākau o ka laʻa o kēia predator. ʻO ka poʻe e laki a lawa ke ʻike aku i kēia neʻoneʻī mea hihiu e like me ke ʻīlio nei, ke ʻalopona a me kahi alopio i ka manawa like. ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula ʻoko o ke kua, hui pū me ka ʻōpū māmā a me nā wāwae, he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele loa i kēia holoholona hihiu.
Mai hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona ikaika: hiki i kahi ʻohana nui o nā ʻīlio ulaula ke lanakila i ka leopona a i ʻole ka tiger.

ʻO ka Poaching, a me ka hoʻomālamalama lūlū o ka hoʻopulū a me ka pahu hau e pili ana i ka ululāʻau o nā mea kanu, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā ʻikaʻulaʻula i loko o Rūsia.

ʻO nā kānaka ʻuʻuku o Baikal

Ka liʻiliʻi nā mea ʻona e noho ana i ka loko o Baala Baikal no nā mea kanu protozoa: ciliates, rhizomes, flagella a sporoforms. ʻAʻole ka loko o nā loko āpau i ʻike nui ʻia i nā ciliates i ke ola o nā mea ola e noho ana i ka hohonu o ka wai. Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano o nā ciliates ma kahi hohonu o 600 mika! Noho ka poʻe ciliates i ka wai ma o lākou iho (84 mau ʻano). ʻO kekahi e noho ana a parasitically a cohabit paha i loko o nā kahe mantle o nā mollusks. Akā ʻo ka protozoa a pau e lilo i meaʻai no nā kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.

I ke kauwela, ke mālie ka wai o nā wai, nā pālahalaha ʻono o nā wai hohonu a ka wai me ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia wai.

Noho nā kuʻina Baala a pau ma ka ʻāina stony i kahi ākea kahe o ka loko. ʻO nā noiʻi e alakaʻi ʻia ana e ka hohonu hohonu moana "Pisces" hōʻike ʻia e noho ana lākou i ka hohonu ma mua o 1000 mika. Hoʻohana ka Baikal firmgeon i ka huʻu he mea ʻai.

I waena o nā ākea ākea e noho ana i ka loko o Ba Baikal, nā kakano ciliary lemaka maʻamau (turbilaria ma Latin) he nui. ʻO nā ʻolua mau, a me nā pōkole e noho nei ma kahi kokoke i nā pū wai wela o Frolikh, aia paha ma kahi o 60 pākēneka o ke kalana o kahiko. Ke hōʻike nei kēia ʻano kūloko Baikal i nā ʻano like ʻole i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nui. He mau kukui alohilohi lākou i nā aniani like a hiki ke hiki i kahi nui o 30 sentimeter ke lōʻihi a 4-5 centimeter i ka laulā inā decomposed. ʻAkia kēia mau ōpala a pau, noho maoli lākou ma nā wahi ākea o ka loko o Baikalikal.

ʻAi nā ʻawa ʻo Baikal ma lalo o ka loko, kahi a lākou e ʻimi ai, he palu iā ia, a laila e hoʻopuni me nā hua pā aniani a e huki iki aʻe i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā mea maʻi a me nā nāwaliwali, hana ʻia nā ʻōlewelā e like me nā ʻōkena olakino.

Ma lalo o nā pōhaku i ka pālolo a, ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa, ma nā ʻāpana pāpū o lalo o ka loko, mai ka papahele a hiki i ka wai hohonu, aia kekahi mauʻano ʻanoʻano kohu - kolo - oligochaetes. Aia mahele o kēia ʻano o nā pūpū ma kahi o 70 mau ʻano, ʻo 90 ka nui o lākou he mau ʻokoʻa a noho i nā wai ākea o ka loko o Baikal.

Ma waena o nā mea noho benthic, noho ʻo oligocrates i nā kūlana alakaʻi. ʻO kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā oligichs he predatory, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou he ʻino. Mālama ʻia lākou i ka meaʻai no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. I nā ʻōpala makaʻu, he hana nui ia i nā kaʻina ola o ke kai. I ko I. Izosimov manaʻoʻiʻo he olulycetes ka hana o ka mōʻalāʻau mākaukau, ka mea i hana ʻia i ka wā ma mua a lilo i ka hopena, ʻo Baikal ka mākaʻina o kekahi mau mea hou me ko lākou mau wahi noho pilikino e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho i kēia wai nui o ka wai.

A me nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea scarecrow, kahi ʻelele i makemake ʻia e ka poʻe nalu moho - nā polheta maasayunkia baikalica - noho ma ka loko. Noho ʻo ia i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i kūkulu ʻia i nā ʻikepili o ka silt a me ka one, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kekahi mea kūikawā. ʻO kēia ʻano kuʻuna o ka wai o ke kai a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻonaninani e noho ana ma nā lau silika kahakai, ma nā māla spongy, ma nā lālā o nā mea kanu a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole nō i maopopo ka pehea i hiki ai iā ia i Baikal, akā aia kekahi mau kuhi hewa e pili ana i kēia.

He lāʻau mika ʻo Baikal

Ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli o nā ʻano ʻehā mollusks e noho ana ma ka loko o Baikalikal. Noho lākou ma ka lepo silika a i ke one paha, ma ka hohonu o 15-20 mika. Kūpono ka pipi i nā hohonu o 20 a 30 mau mika, a he mau aniani ākea wale nō ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mākaʻai i ka hohonu o 100-150 mau mika. He liʻiliʻi lākou a ua loaʻa nā ʻāpana palupalu ma muli o ka wai anuanu a me ka ʻole o nā paʻakai kalima. Hāʻawi ka mollusk i nā meaʻai maikaʻi no nā palekana, ke keʻokeʻo, ka hina ʻana, ka goby a me ka nahesa.

Ma aneane nā ʻāpana nunui a Baikal, ʻo nā ʻohana nui o ka loko o Lake Baikal, aia i ʻike ʻia i kā lākou ʻano fossil i loko o loko o ka loko, he hoʻokahi miliona makahiki. ʻO ke kiʻi kūikawā ko ka ʻohana endalima o nā maikaʻialids o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui o nā ʻalā, nā mea maikaʻi i hoʻonani ʻia me nā iwi, keel, nā lima a me nā ʻupena Spal.

Nā mea ulia Baikal

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ʻo ka hopena o Mei-Iune, lele ka caddis, nā iniseti e hū ana i nā kahawai, hoʻomaka e lele i waho me ka ikaika. ʻO kēia mau nūnū, ʻo ia hoʻi i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "broomstick" ma ke kūkulu hema o Lake Baikal a me ka "lipochan" ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, hoʻopiha i ka lewa mai ka loko a hōʻuluʻulu i nā kumuhā palu ma nā pōhaku, nā pōhaku a me nā lāʻau a kokoke i ka wai. Hana ʻia ko lākou ʻano makua mau lā. Ma ka kau ʻana i ka hua i ka wai, make ka poʻe makeʻe manu. E lilo kā lākou palahele i loko o ka pupae, a ma ka pūnāwai ua ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau ʻēheu.

Ma muli o ka huki ʻana o nā lepale lele, lele wikiwiki i uka i nā wai i kēlā me kēia wai i ka wai, hīmeni a i nā ʻohana paha e ʻai i nā iniseti. Ma ka manawa like, “hina” nā ʻāpana hina a me nā omuls "i ke kahakai - ʻo kēia ʻano meaʻai o ka pono nui ka momona! I waena o nā mea inikini he nui, ʻo ka chironomid ka helu he 60, akā he hoʻokahi wale nō o lākou e noho ana ma Baikal.

O ka leopalopili hau leʻe

ʻO ka leopaliona salju a me ka ʻīlio lekiō ka holoholona hihiu loa o Siberia a me Baikal. Ua hoʻolimalima ka mea kūʻai aku Rūkū-inoa i ka inoa o ka mea nāna e hopu i ka poʻe ʻokiʻoki o Turkic i ka makahiki 17. ʻAʻole naʻe he mau manawa lōʻihi, i ka makahiki 80 o ka kenekulia 20, kūleʻa ka poʻe ʻimi kūloko i ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ke ʻano o kahi mea kuhi, e hōʻike ana i ka mea ʻole o nā makuakāne a me nā kūpuna i ʻike i ka leiona hau.

Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa ʻike maopopo paha ma kahi o nā lekiʻe he 6-8 mau noho i ka ʻāina Irkutsk, ma kahi o 30 ma Buryatia.Aa a pau, aia ma mua o 50 mau ʻeleʻe leʻe e noho ana ma ka East Sayan, me nā māhele ona, ma Tyva a me ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk. ʻO kēia holoholona hihiu ʻoi loa akā, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka lynx a, me ke kānalua, he lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa. I kēia mau lā, ua komo ka leiona hau i loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia, a he nui nā mea hana ma waena o ka ʻāina e hana nei e mālama a hoʻonui i kēia ʻano.

ʻO Siberian Lynx

Hoʻopili ʻia kahi predator farani maikaʻi i nā kūlana o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo Siberian. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka lynx ka 130 cm, a hiki i nā kāne ke hiki i 70 cm ke kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka holoholona he 25 kg. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kikoʻi piha a me ka huelo pōkole, a me nā hiʻi o ka huina ma ka ʻākena o nā pepeiao. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Lynx e nā wāwae nui loa - ke uku aku nei ke ʻano iā lākou me ia, no ka mea ua ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā holoholona e neʻe i loko o nā snowdrift a ʻaʻole e nalowale. Kui ka kala o ka lynx a ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha me ka tan.

ʻAeto poʻe e keʻokeʻo ana

Aia paha ka ʻāina ʻo Baikal a me nā ʻāina a puni ona ka puni i kahi manu i loaʻa ʻole i ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia ka mea i makemake nui i ka lawaiʻa o Irkutsk, a he mea kupanaha ia i hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia i ke ola ma ke kahawai nui, nā loko, a me nā wahi moana. I ka wā o kahi lawaiʻa iʻa, e kau ʻā ana kahi eʻe ponoʻī iā ia i ka wai no kahi manawa pōkole. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli weliweli nui o nā ʻanoʻano, ʻo ka luku ʻana o kona mau wahi - ka huki i ka nui (a me ke ahie) o nā wao e kokoke ana i nā kino wai, ka luku ʻana i ka ʻāina, a me ka poʻo kekahi ʻano hoʻohālike.

I kēia lā, palekana kēia manu ʻinipua i nā All-Russian a me nā pae kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ke kānana nui o Baikal - epishura

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wai o ka loko ka wai kahi nui o Copepodae - Baikal episcura. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka nui o ka hua o ka mane, ʻo ka nui o ka 1,5cm nona no ia "ka" nunui ". Eia naʻe, ʻo kēia ka crustacean o nā ʻano crustacean e hōʻike nei no 96% o ka Baikal zooplankton. Hoʻokumu ʻo Episcura i nā kūlana kūikawā i ke ola o ke kai ʻo Lake Baikal. ʻO kēia crustacean ka mea kūʻai nui o nā algae a planktonic a hoʻolaha i nā mea kanu lawena e hoʻopili pono i ka hoʻopilika. He mea nui paha ia e ʻōlelo ai ʻo Epishur ka kānana nui o ka Lake Baikal. Wahi a Academician G. Galaza, he kanaka ʻepekema kaulana (Lake Baikal, 1979), "i loko o ka makahiki, nā crustaceans a kēia ʻano ʻano kānana mai 500 a 1.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā crustaceans ma ka Lake Baikal he maʻamau maʻamau, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka nui amphipods, kahi ma kahi o 300 mau ʻano heka i ka loko (kahi hapakolu o nā gammarids ʻike ʻia i ka honua!). ʻO ka mea maʻamau, noho lākou ma lalo, kahi a lākou e eli ai i ka lepo, hūnā ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ke holo ma lalo o ka lalo a noho ʻoluʻolu ma luna o Baikal sponges, e ʻai ana i kā lākou uku.Ma ka wai anuanu, hoʻohanohano ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona mālamalama a me ka ʻike maikaʻi, ma nā hohonu hohonu he ʻulaʻula ʻole, he makapō a he anana lōʻihi e ʻimi ai lākou i ka ʻai ma ka ʻāina.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā amphipods - nā mea kanu make. Pau lākou i ka invertebrates, nā iʻa make a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi manawa lawaiʻa, inā ʻaʻohe manawa e nānā i kā lākou mau ʻupena i ka manawa, e ʻohi i ka iʻa a “ʻalī” a i ʻole nāu ʻana ma nā ʻiʻo a pau. ʻO nā Amphipods kahi mea lapaʻau maikaʻi loa, a lawelawe pū kekahi i ka meaʻai no ka iʻa.

Ma waena o nā amphipods, kahi wahi kūikawā no ka pelagic (e noho ana i ka hohonu o ka wai) crustacean - macrohectopus a Jurassic, e like me kā ka poʻe lawaiʻa e kāhea. ʻO Jurassic kekahi o nā mea nui e ʻai ai ka omul, a hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā meaʻai no nā ʻano iʻa a pau. ʻO Macrohectopus kahi mea noho maʻamau o ka Baikal wehe. I ke ao, e mālama ʻia ana kāna wahi kokoke i ka papakū ma luna o ka wai ikaika 200-250 mika. I ka pō, e neʻe nei i ka papa o luna, e ʻimi ana i nā meaola planktonic liʻiliʻi.

Baikal firmgeon

Ke kamaʻilio nei nā ʻelele maʻamau o nā manu o ka Lake Baikal, ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻia ke kaona o ka wai ona. ʻO ka Siberian firmgeon he wikiwiki e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā subspecies o ka fortgeon e noho nei i nā wai pāpaku nui, ma nā pā nui a me nā kokoke o nā waha o nā kahawai nui. Noho nā sturgeons ma Baikal a i ka 50-60 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha, e loaʻa ana i ka 100-130 kilograma o ke kaumaha, 1.5-1.8 mau a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi.

I ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope, ua ʻoi aku ma luna o 1000 mau haneli o ka firmgeon i minamina ma Baikal a me kona mau kahawai.

I ke kumu o ka ʻoi loa o ka wai i hoʻopau ʻia, ua lawa ka lawaiʻa kūkaʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20. Mai ka makahiki 1945, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka pāpā ʻana ma luna o ka lawaiʻa kūkaʻa, a i kēia manawa ke māhuahua iki kona mau lāʻau.

Nā iʻa Baikal

56 mau ʻano iʻa me Baikal. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he poʻe ʻāpana - he ʻōpuni ākea ākea ("ʻahi ākea", e kapa ʻia iā lākou). Hoʻokumu lākou ma Lake Baikal mai kahi ʻano kahiko, like me nā bipi Anadyr a me Michigan, ma Baikal ua ʻō ʻia lākou e 32 mau ʻano, 29 he mau ʻokoʻa. No ka hapa nui, ʻo nā bipi ka mea noho o ka lalo, e noho ana i ka hohonu o ka wai.

Aia hoʻi ʻo Baikal kahi home o ka iʻa wai piha loa i ka honua. Ua mālama ʻia kēia mau iʻa i ka ʻike ʻana i nā moʻo hohonu loa, ʻoiai ua ʻike lākou i ke kiʻi ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo.

ʻElua mau ʻano o ke kīpaha, ʻona kala a me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, e noho nei i ka hohonu o ka wai. Noho kēia mau pelagic i ka papa o luna 100 mau mika maʻa, e ʻai ana i nā pīpī a me nā jura. ʻO kā ka mea kī ʻia o ka bipi pelagic (ʻōpio), ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe o ka pipi pā melemele ʻeleʻele, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo poyed (ʻoliʻoli hauʻoli) kekahi o nā meaʻai o ka ʻula.

ʻOiai paha nā iʻa ʻoluʻolu loa i loko o Lake Baikal ʻo ka golomyanka (ka iʻa aʻa), aia i nā ʻano he nui he mea pohihihi. ʻO Golomyanka - nui a liʻiliʻi paha - noho wale ma Lake Baikal. ʻAʻole lākou e hānai i ka nui o 24 mau kenimika, ʻaʻohe o lākou i nā unahi, he pearlescent lākou (pearlescent) i ka pena a me ke aniani. ʻO lākou ka 35 o ka nui o ka ʻaila lāʻau lapaʻau e waiwai nui ana i ka huaʻala A. Golomyanka ka nui loa o ka iʻa ma ka Lake Baikal, nona nā kumuwaiwai he 150,000 tons. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻano o kona hele ʻana i nā kula, no laila, ʻaʻole ia i komo i ka papa inoa o ka iʻa iʻa. ʻ saylelo nā kamaʻāina kahiko, ma hope o ka pōʻai, hōʻiliʻili nā golomyanks i kahakai, a huehue ʻia ka momona a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka rūumatism, atherosclerosis a hoʻōla i nā hōʻeha ʻaʻole i hōʻeha no ka lōʻihi. ʻO Golomyanka ka iʻa lawaiʻa ola, ʻo ia wale nō kā mākou latitude. I ka manawa like ma 3000 mau kānaka e hānai ʻia. Ka hapanui o nā wāhine ma hope o ka lohe ʻana i kahi keiki. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka golomyanka i hānau i ʻelua mau manawa, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka manawa, ʻekolu. Noho ʻo Golomyanks i ke kūlohelohe no ka nui o 6 mau makahiki.

Hiki i kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi ke kū i ka hoʻokaumaha nui loa i ka hohonu o ka wai Baikal. Ma ka po e pii ai i ka ʻōpū o ka wai, a ma ke ao e holo nui ana ia i nā hohonu hohonu. Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe Limnologist nā māka i ke ʻano o ka golominki i ka hohonu o ka wai. Ma ka hohonu o 1000-10000 mau mile a ʻoi aku paha, neʻe ka lele a ka golomyank i ka lele a me ke kuahiʻu, ʻoiai eia ma kēia hohonu ka pū hiki i ke ahi ma muli o ke kahe nui.

Kuhi ʻia nei ke ʻano o ka golomyanka me ka pānaehana wai. ʻO ka wela ka lōʻihi ma ka + 5 ° C, a ua pale kēia i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke ola ma + 10 ° C a i ʻole.

ʻO ka iʻa kai nui ma ka Lake Baikal he omul. Ma ka hiki ʻana aku i nā mea hoʻowahāwahā a me ka gustatory o ka ʻai, ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻula i kona poʻe hoʻokūkū. ʻElima mau kānaka ʻōlima: Selenginsky, Chivyrkuisky, ʻAmelika Nui, North Baikal a me Barguzinsky.

I ka wā lulu, i ka manawa kahala, holo kēlā me kēia kanaka i loko o kona kahawai. Hoʻomau ka hana i ke ʻano o nā ʻōpiopio i ka nui o nā pōpilikia lau a me nā kahawai. Noho nui loa ʻo Caviar ma kahi haʻahaʻa pāpū a me ka ʻōpala haʻahaʻa me ka runoff moderate, a hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna kiki i nā mahina 8 mau mahina. No nā kumu kumu, ua make ka hapanui o nā caviar: ua kanu ʻia ma lalo o ke one a me ka silt, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻai kai e ʻai ai. I mea e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna o nā kānaka, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hatcheries ma ka Lake Baikal, kahi e ulu ai ka iʻa momona maikaʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe.

Ma nā lāʻau kanu hoʻoulu, ʻo 80 pakeneka o nā hua manu i ola, akā ke hoka ʻia nei i ka Lake Baikal, ʻike ʻia lākou i nā pōpilikia he nui. Hoʻokahi wale nō o hoʻokahi haneli o ke kō e ola ana e hoʻi i ka pūnaewele spawning. Wahi a nā pae kūlana o ichthyology, ʻo ia ka paona maʻamau! I ʻōlelo hou aku ai ʻo Admiral Nelson "e lawa ka ʻekolu cod e hānai i Lākana inā mālama ʻia ko lākou hanauna ..."

ʻIke ʻia nā halepule a pau nā ʻekolu o ka pūloli a me nā hui morphological: bentosabissal, pelagic a me ke kahakai. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā waiwai o ke ʻami e ka nui o ka lawaiʻa. E haʻi ʻia paha e emi iki nā lawaiʻa nui i ka nui, ʻoiai aia ka nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻoluʻolu lawaiʻa. He mea pono ia i kēia lā e noho ana ma nā kahakai o ka loko o Lake Baikal, hiki i nā kamaʻāina kama'āina ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka paʻakai a me ka uahi i ka ʻulaʻula, wela naʻe, kuke ʻia i mua o kou mau maka.

ʻOi aku ka ʻowier ma mua o ka ʻulaʻulaʻula o ka Baikal keʻokeʻo, kahi iʻa momona, a iʻa momona e kau ana ma kahi he 12 paona a keu paha. Hāʻawi i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo Baikal nā lawaiʻa hāmeʻa maikaʻi loa. Ma hope o ka honu ʻana o ka hau i ka pūnāwai, ka ʻeleʻele Baikal kahe, kahi iʻa maikaʻi loa me ka paʻu dorsal kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻulaʻula lahilahi, piʻi i loko o nā kahawai e kahe ana i ka loko o Baikal. Aia ʻo ia i ka rapids a me nā zaiomas (nā lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka muliwai) a hiki i ka mita i ke kiʻekiʻe e poʻo ai. I ʻumikūmālua mau lā, ua hāʻawi ka caviar i ke ola me nā haʻalulu e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka loko o Baikal. Noho ka ʻeleʻele hina i loko o nā wai kūmau o ka loko a i nā kahawai mauna wikiwiki.

Noho ka Taimens a me nā waiwai ʻawa ma ke kai o Baikal, akā ka noho paʻa o ka Lake Baikal kahi wahi i ka ichthyofauna o ka loko, ka mea nui e noho nei i nā wahi nui o nā kaiāulu nui o ka Lake Baikal: ma ka ʻaoʻao delta o ka muliwai Selenga, ma Proval Bay, Chivyrkuisky a me Barguzinsky Bay. Holo ka ʻōpiopio ma ka holo moana, a ma mua aʻe o ke kahakai, kahi a lākou e kau ai i nā uku a me nā uku. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, kaupaʻa nā mea paʻa i loko o 250 paona. Eia naʻe, ulu mālie lākou a luhi. Hoʻokomo ʻo Males i nā kula spawning i ka makahiki 15-28 o nā makahiki, nā wahine - i nā makahiki 21-37.

Ma Baikal kekahi mau pu, nā palaho, nā ides, nā naʻa, nā kūmoki, nā kuʻuna a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e pālahalaha ʻia ana ʻo Siberia. Noho lākou i ka hūnā o nā loko, nā pāpaho a me nā ʻoka siliki.

I nā makahiki 1940, ua kū ka ʻawaʻawa ʻo Amur i ka loko, i kēia manawa ua noho ka ʻāpana hikina, a ua komo ka koholā Amur i ka wai ma loko o ka pūnaehana kahawai ʻo Khilok-Seleng.

ʻO ke sila ʻo Baikal, a ʻo ke sila paha e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia, ua makemake nui ʻia. Pehea e noho ai kēia holoholona ma ka Pao Baikal, ʻoiai kona poʻe pili kokoke loa e noho i ka ʻĀkau o Arctic a ma ke ao hema o Caspian Sea? Wahi a kekahi kuhi, ua loaʻa kahi sila i Baikal mai ka Moana Arctika ma o ka muliwai Lena ma nā manawa prehistoric, i ka wā o kahi ʻāpana o ke ʻano hoʻokahi me Baikal. Ua hōʻoia kēia ʻatikala e ka loiloi chromosomal a me nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻili hulu Arctic ʻo kāna pili pili pono loa. Eia nō naʻe, nui ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā sila a me nā ʻīlima pili. ʻOi aku ka nani o nā kelima Baikal, ʻoi aku ka wahine.ʻOkoʻa hoʻi nā mea ʻē aʻe i kekahi i ke kala ʻulaʻula kala a i loko o ko lākou mau he 2 mauʻu koko.

Wahi a nā nānā ʻana o nā limahana o ka limahana Limnological Institute, hiki i ka sila hōʻailona ke hele i lalo i ka hohonu o 300 mau mika. I ka wā o ka launa ʻana, e pau ka hana o ka metabolic, a ma muli o ka myoglobin e holo nei i ka ʻōpū o intravicereal, aʻo nā paia o nā veins koko e hoʻopau i ka kolamu. ʻO ka heluna kanaka, e like me ka ʻike i loaʻa e nā mea noiʻi ʻo E. Petrov a me M. Ivanov, he liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona 100. Eia naʻe, ʻelua mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua kākau ʻo Peter Simon Pallas me ke kaumaha o ka "hōʻino ʻole ʻia ke kumu i hōʻā ʻia ai nā ihe a me nā pahi o ka loko o Lake Baikal, a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā sila ma ka Hema Baikal ..."

I ka hoʻoilo, ke uhi ʻia ka loko i ka ʻala o ka hau, paʻa ka hilo i nā ʻōpū paʻa i loko o nā kahawai (nā lua i loko o ka hau). Ma kahi kokoke, i kahi lua hoʻoheheʻe, hānau ka bipi kau i hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole ʻehā, ʻelua ʻehā mau hōʻailona. I ka manawa mua he melemele -ʻulaʻula ʻia nā kala. Iʻelua mau pule ma hope iho, huli lākou i ka keʻokeʻo, a ma hope e loaʻa i kahi hanohano kala-nani kala.

ʻAi ʻo Nerpa i ka iʻa, ʻaʻohe mea nui e lawaiʻa ai i ka lawaiʻa, akā he mea nui ia no ka Baikal ecosystem (ʻo nā gobies he 20 pākēneka, a ʻo golomyanka - 80 pakeneka o kā lākou papaʻai). I kēlā lā i kēia lā e ʻai ʻo ia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3 kilogram o nā iʻa (hoʻokahi ton ma ka makahiki!). ʻAʻole loa e hiki i kekahi huaʻōlelo ke wehewehe i ka manaʻo i koe ma hope o ka hālāwai me kahi sila e noho ana i kahi wahi i loko o kahi wai mālie a i ʻole nā ​​mokupuni o Ushkany. ʻO nā maka ākea, hāmama, nānā nui i nā hōʻailona ākea, nā maka nani. No nā hola he nui, hiki i nā holoholona ke bask i ka lā a ke pāʻani pū nei me ko lākou poʻe hoahānau.

Loaʻa ka pō

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano luhi ʻehā o ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole hiki i ka liuliu liʻiliʻi nona ke kala liʻiliʻi a me nā kala kala-ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā pōmele pō ka mea o ke anuanu o ka pepeiao. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ma kahi o ke kuahiwi mauna, nui loa ka pō. ʻO ka pō he manu he mau holoholona. I hoʻokahi pūʻulu, aia mai 3 a 20 i kēlā me kēia kanaka. He kahakaha kēia holoholona hihiu. Holoʻo ia i ka pō, kokoke i kahi lei lāʻau.

ʻO ka ʻōlelele pōʻaiʻi pōholo hiki i ka wikiwiki, no ka mea, ua aneane hiki ʻole ke hahai i kāna huli. Makaʻu ʻo ia i ke anu, no laila lele ʻo ia i ka hema no ka hoʻoilo. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā mea puhi ʻulaʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole ʻae nā ʻepekema ʻokoʻa i ka mea e pili ana i kēia mea. Aia ke manaʻo he hāʻule ka hina ʻana o nā kumulāʻau ma ka loko o Lake Baikal ma o ka lehulehu.

ʻO ka pō ʻo Baikal Baikal

Palapala Baikal

ʻO kēia kaona o nā holoholona Baikal nā ʻoma mua loa o ka loko o kēia roto. ʻO ke sila ka hōʻailona nui o kēia mau wahi. Loaʻa kēia i kaʻai ʻana i ia mea no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hulu momona, ka ʻiʻo a me ka momona. ʻO kēia lā, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka huki he hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai, eia naʻe, no ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana i ka nui o ka lehulehu, ua kau nā luna i nā mea i kau ʻia ma luna o kona hopu.

E pīhoihoi ia, akā hiki i kēia lā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia pehea ka hoʻokō ʻana o ke sila ma ka Lake Baikal. E like me ka mea e kaulana loa ai, hele mai ka holoholona mai Arctic Ocean ma ka Ice Age.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke sila ka sila i ka hōʻailona nui, e ʻauʻau ana i loko o ka wai, ʻuʻumau i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka ea e hā i ka lewa. He mea kūpono ia e ʻike ʻia ʻo ka sila ka poni ʻo Baikal mamela wale nō.

No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa, ke kahakai lākou i lalo o ka wai, ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 mika. Ma laila lākou e hiki ai mai 20 a 30 mau minuke. He ʻano mea kūʻokoʻa ʻo Nerpa, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻopau i ka wahine ma kona iho, i ka mea i maopopo ʻo ia ʻaʻohe kumu kūpono e hānai ai i nā hua.

Eia naʻe, ma ke ʻano he mea maʻamau loa kēia. I kekahi manawa ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka hōʻailona wahine, ʻo ia hoʻi, e pili ana i ka hana hoʻoweliweli. I kēia kūlana, hiki iā ia ke noho a hiki i ka wā hāpai. No laila, hiki i ka hōʻailona wahine ke hānau wahine 2 i hoʻokahi manawa.

Saker Falcon

As nā manu o Baikal ʻokoʻa nā manu, he mau manu ʻē ʻole o ke kauoha ʻo Falconiformes. ʻO kekahi o lākou. ʻO ka nui, ʻo kēia ʻano e like me ka moʻo ma mua o kahi falcon. ʻO ke kua o ka saker, he keʻokeʻo, a i mua o ka mua i ka mama me nā pali a ʻulaʻula a me ka hina. Hoʻopili ke kala i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpiopio.

ʻO Saker Falcon ka manu lele o ka hopu ʻana ma ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi, ʻoi loa ka gopher.Ua kūkulu ʻo ia i nā nests ma nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe wale nō, no ia mea, e neʻe aʻe ana a hiki ke nānā pono aku i ke kalana, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka mea kau e kau ai ma luna o ka puʻu kokoke i ka wai.

Ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopulapula o ka ululaau i nā makahiki 10 i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o ka waihona limahana o ka Saker Falcon. No laila, aia i kēia manu manu he ʻai ma ka hope o ka pau ʻole.

Baikal omul

Na kēia holoholona i ke ʻano o ka iʻa salmon. Hana ʻia kona waiwai nui no ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa Lūkia. ʻIke wale ʻia kēia mea kūloko ma nā wai kai kūloko. Mai ka ʻuli e hoʻomākaukau ai lākou i ka pepeiao, casserole, pai. Ua hoʻolapalapa ʻia, ʻomo, kipa, a pēlā aku kēlā me kēia pā i hana ʻia mai kēia iʻa.

I ka wā mai ke waena a hala i ka hopena o ka hopena heʻe, hele ʻo ia i kahi kikoʻī. Hōʻike nā akahele liʻiliʻi 1 cm i loko o ka wai ma ʻApelila. ʻO ka nui o ka pākaukau ākea he 50 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 900 g. He mea kupaianaha loa ia e hopu i ka omul nui, ʻo kona paona e hōʻea i ka nui o 4-6 kg

Moose elk

ʻO kekahi holoholona nui loa Baikal. ʻO ka paona o ka kāne maʻamau he 500 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 2 m. Hoʻopau nui lākou i ka kahakai, ʻaʻole i emi pinepine i ka nahele.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka moose, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mau pepeiaohao. I nā makahiki 15, oki lākou i ka ulu ʻana. Ma ke ala, he 30 mau makahiki ka nui o ka manaʻolana ʻana o kēia holoholona nani. Holo aku nā pepeiaohao o ka holoholona a ulu hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO kahi holoholona no Shaggy elk. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai ʻo ia i ka lāʻau lāʻau. Nā ʻano ʻO Baikal ka holoholona i ke kiʻi he hanohano. Akā ʻike pinepine nā mea mākaʻikaʻi e leʻaleʻa i kānaʻike ola, e like me ka moose eschews people.

Paʻi kukui

ʻO kēia ʻuʻuku o ke kauoha Lepidoptera kekahi o nā ʻelele mauka ʻo Baikal o ka manu. Hoʻonohonoho wale ia ma ka ululāʻau kai, i nā wahi me nā ʻāpana lāʻau. Ke hele mai ke anuanu, holo malū ka maka ʻōlulu pō i nā ʻalā, willow, raspberry a me nā kumulāʻau, a me nā kumu lāʻau hou.

I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like ka inisike me ka pulupulu a i ʻole nā ​​pōkolā. Aia kona kino i ka 4-5 cm ka lōʻihi, a me nā ʻēheu - 6-7 cm.ʻeleʻa, ʻelele a me ke hina hina i loaʻa ma nā wahi kūloko. ʻIke maoli ʻia kahi pōpō liʻiliʻi ma luna o kēlā me kēia ʻēheu 4.

Kālamalama Brood

ia holoholona e noho ana ma Baikalaia ma ka lūlū o ka pau. Hoʻolaha wale ʻia kona ola i loko o ka wai wai, i hoʻonui ʻia me ka nui o nā oxygen. ʻO ka umauma maʻamau o ke kahawai Lamprey he 6 mau makahiki. I kēia lā, aia ka emi o 1000 o nā kānaka kūlohelohe.

He ʻānō ka ʻiʻo o ka kukuirey. Ua lawa nā pūlohi ikaika, pākahi ʻia kēlā me kēia ma kahi kahe. Dalo nā maka o kēia holoholona, ​​no laila, i ka wai, ʻaʻole ʻike ia.

Baikal wai kahawai

Kalani Hoʻo

ʻO ka inoa lua o kēia holoholona nani, ʻo ia ka hulu leʻe. ʻO ke kānalua ʻole, ʻo ia kahi ʻelima koʻikoʻi o ka fauna kūloko. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka āpau e noho ana ma ka loko o Baikal keʻike aku ua ʻike ʻo ia i ke ʻekahi hau ma kēia manawa.

ʻAe, he holoholona hakakā loa kēia. Ma ka moku o ka'āina, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 50. ʻO Irbis kahi mea hoʻohua, akā naʻe, aneane ʻaʻole e hoʻouka i kahi kanaka, no ka mea makaʻu. ʻOiai e like me ka hopu ʻana, he paʻakikī loa ka hopu ʻana i kēia holoholona ikaika.

ʻO ka paona o ka leiona hau kāne he 50 a 65 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, no laila ke kaupaona nei lākou a hiki i 45 kg. No ka mea pili kēia holoholona holoholona, ​​ʻo ka ʻimi ka mea nui mai kahi hoʻohālua.

Ua lele koke ka leʻe o ka ʻiona ma luna o ka ona. I kona koho ʻana i ka mea ʻai, ua ʻokoʻa ka liʻiliʻi ʻana. Holo ka holoholona hihiu, rabbits, hares, hipa kāne a me nā kao. No ka ʻai, pono ka leʻe hau ma ka 2 a 4 kg kaʻai o ka lau hou i ka lā.

Lālepalai

ʻO kēia manu liʻiliʻi a nani maikaʻi loa e noho ana ma ka Lake Baikal. No loko o ka papa o nā kāʻei lole. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka sandpiper ka mea ʻīlī pololei pololei, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo ia mai ka poʻe me nā manamana lima lōʻihi.

Ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o nā wāwae, holo wikiwiki ka manu ma ka ʻāina. No laila, ʻike pinepine nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e ʻike i nā makenike holo liʻiliʻi ma kahakai o ka loko o Lake Baikal, ʻo lākou e hūnā me nā holoholona.

Kele ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o lākou ma ke alo, i mua - ʻāpana.I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻeleʻele lākou. E hana ana nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā noke ma nā piko o nā kumulāʻau, emi pinepine ma nā lāʻau. No ka hana i kēia, hoʻohana lākou i ka lau mauʻu a i nā lau willow.

E hōʻike ʻia aku nei ka luhi o kēia manu liʻiliʻi i ka nāwaliwali. ʻO kahi mokulele me kahi panina liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā Sandpipers e waiho i nā hua i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, ma hope i ke waena. Kuhi ʻia nā pua i ka hulu i loko o 1,5 mau mahina ma hope o kā lākou huki ʻana mai kahi hua manu.

Hare ʻili

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā holoholona hihiu ākea o ka honua. Ma muli o ka hana wikiwiki, e hoʻonui nei ka nui o ka hare i ka ʻāina i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻOiai ke ʻano helehelena nani, ʻai nā mea āpau o ka Lake Baikal.

ʻO kēia ʻano o ka hare he nui loa. ʻO ka paona o ka kāne maʻamau he 3-4 kg, a ʻo nā wahine he 2-2.5. Ke ulu aʻe nei, hiki lākou i ka 60 cm ke lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka wahine Baikal ka mea nui o kā lākou hana. Aneane piha ke ala o ke ala ʻana o ka wā e ala ai lākou.

ʻO ka hare nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona hānai. I ka manawa mahana, ʻai lākou i nā aʻa, nā hua ono a me nā lau, a ma ke anu - ka lāʻau lāʻau. ʻIke ka poʻe āpau i kēia holoholona i kahi mea wikiwiki. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, hāʻawi ka hua pīpī makua mai ka 2 a 5 mau hua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o 30 mau ʻāpana.

Siberian firmgeon

Ke emi nei ka lehulehu o kēia iʻa ma Baikal i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hopu pinepine ʻana o ka firmgeon. Ua pā ʻia kēia iʻa i kēia mau ʻāpana, loaʻa i ka wai pāpaku a me ka hohonu o ka loko. ʻO ka Sortian firmgeon he iʻa lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO kāna mau makahiki kūʻai manawa he 50 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o kahi kanaka he 1.5 mika, koʻikoʻi - 120 kg.

Kamikaʻo Dardard

ʻO kēia mea ola, e like me ke sila, ʻo ia ke "kāhea kāmele" o Lake Baikal. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mallard dard mallard ma mua o ka maʻamau. Hiki iā ia i ka ʻike ma ka loko. Paʻu ʻia ke poʻo he ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, he melemele ka pua, a ʻulaʻula ke kua, a he ʻulaʻula ke kua. I ka lehulehu, he manu like ʻole kēlā manu, akā ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea o ka lewa, lilo ʻo ia i ʻeleʻele.

Hoʻokumu nā ʻōpioʻo Mallard i kā lākou mau noke kokoke i ka wai. ʻAʻohe o nā mauna Baikal nui. Ke kokoke loa i ka hoʻoilo, lele lākou i ka Hema, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ai ka wai. He mea kupanaha, ʻo kahi manu e like me ka itikoliona mallard e lokomaikaʻi loa i ka hatching hua. Hoʻolālā ka makuahine wahine i nā wiki he 3 a 4 mau keiki me kāna mau keikikāne, ʻaʻohe i loaʻa ka manawa e hatch, e kūʻē pinepine iā lākou. No 1, lawe ʻo ia i ka 10 o mau hua.

Kūleʻa ʻo Kamahale ʻo Mallard

Kiwi ʻelele

No ka manawa ʻo ia i hālāwai me ia holoholona no ka manawa mua, ʻaʻole i lohe i kekahi mea e pili ana iā ia ma mua, hiki ke makaʻu ʻia kekahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ka maka mua, he mauheone ʻole ia, akā maikaʻi ʻo ia ke hāliʻi mai i kona waha, no ka mea o ia manawa koke ia i hoʻohuli ai i loko o kahi tigre. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā pala nui i kēia holoholona pili i ka pono o ka ʻai ʻana i ka laikini. Hoʻopili koke ʻo ia i luna o kahi kumulāʻau, mahalo i kona mau niho.

He wahi moʻolelo o nā kamaʻāina ke hānau ʻia he musk deer ma muli o ke aloha i ka nui a ka lynx. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe paʻa o ka ʻepekema i kēia. I kēia wā, aia i ka holoholona i ka wā i pau.

ʻO ke kumu ka mea nui o ka ʻimi o ka poʻe lawaiʻa i kā lākou musk, kahi mea i loaʻa ai ka noi ʻana i ka kuke ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea ʻala. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka mika ma waena he 90 cm, ke kaumaha - 15 kg. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā mele musk deer ma mua o nā wahine.

Muzzle

ʻAʻole hiki ke kāhea ʻia kahi ʻano nui like ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o kona kino he 70 cm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano he laʻalima maikaʻi a haʻi ʻia hoʻi, a me ke poʻo ākea a puni hoʻi, no laila ka inoa - shchitomordnik.

Aia he 4 ʻano hoʻohālikelike me Baikal:

ʻO ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka muzzle, me kahi ʻano o kona ʻano, e uhi ʻia me nā pulu brown. I nā pākeke, aia ma kahi o 40 o lākou.

Nā Wolverine

No kēia holoholona hihiu no ka papa o ka marten. I ka ʻike mua, ʻike ʻia he holoholona weliweli a weliweli nui ʻo Wolverine. Kuhihewa kuhihewa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pōkole nui loa i ka honua. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like kēia holoholona me ka bear brown. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma ke kino o ka pākeke he 90-100 cm.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o Wolverine ʻo ia ke makemake i ka piʻi. Ma Baikal ka mea pinepine ke hālāwai me ka hele maluhia, ʻoluʻolu, i ka wā mua, nā holoholona.Eia naʻe, aia i ka manawa o ka hele wāwae e ʻimi ai ka holoholona.

Mālama nui ia ma nā rodents. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi launa punahele punahele, ʻaʻole hōʻole ʻo Wolverine i nā hua manu, aia ia e ʻike ai i ka pūnana, a ʻo ka ukana hoʻi. Kuhi loa paha kēia i kēia mea nāna i mālama i nā mea kanu nunui, e like me, no ka laʻana. Akā maʻalahi lākou e hoʻouka i kahi holoholona i hōʻeha a make paha.

Toadahi puaʻa

E emi ka heluna o kēia holoholona hihiu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka nui o ka wāwae ʻeleʻele e like me - 6 cm - nā wahine a me 8 cm - kāne. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona he keʻokeʻo-ʻala-uliuli. ʻO ka makua o ka bea, ka meaʻeleʻele ke kua. ʻIke ʻike i kēia, hiki i ka mea maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi pākeke mai kahi ʻōpio.

Noho kēia holoholona i loko o nā waha o nā mea lawe mokuahi, nui loa i nā ʻōpala. Mālama nā mea mākaʻikaʻi e hālāwai me ke kuʻi puaʻa Mongolia ma ka Lake Baikal o kēia wā.

Muskrat

No kēia holoholona hihiu he mea i loko o ka papa o nā koina semi-aquatic. ʻOi aku ka muskrat i kahi liʻiliʻi i ka nutria a i ʻole ka beaver. ʻO 1.5 ka paona kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai nō ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona i loko o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ia. ʻO kēia no ka hulu kūikawā ʻaʻole e mālo.

ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū o ka muskrat ma hope o kona kua. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia limu o ka holoholona i nā membrane liʻiliʻi. ʻAe kēia iā ia e ʻauʻau maikaʻi a holo wikiwiki i ka wai. Ma ke ala, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka huelo i ka neʻe o ka wai no ka muskrat, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me nā koina ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohana ana he "hoʻokele".

Ma Baikal, noho kēia mau holoholona mai 3 a 8 mau makahiki. Ua koho pono ʻo ia i ka wahi o ka noho ʻana. ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ia ka nui o nā mea kanu a me ka hiki ʻana o ka wai wai. ʻAi ka muskrat i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu.

He holoholona kūikawā kēia, ma ka helehelena e hoʻokani nei i ka hana a ka mea hoʻokalakupua maoli. Ke kūkulu nei ka muskrat i nā hale noho aliʻi 2 no ka mea ke kū ka wai. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā lumi hou, e hoʻohana ai iā lākou ma ke ʻano he pale no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo. E komo i loko o kēlā "hut", pono ka holoholona e heʻe i lalo o ka wai.

Baikal muskrat

Hōʻike Brown

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā momi nunui a puni ka honua, aia nō hoʻi ma ka Lake Baikal. Eia lākou he mau mea kūlohelohe maoli. Mak weliweli nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ke ʻai ʻia e ka bea, no laila makemake lākou ʻaʻole e hālāwai me ia. A inā he naʻe, ka mea kēia i hana, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hana akā e pakele ai.

Akā, ʻaʻole mau kēia e aʻo ʻia, no ka mea, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, e hōʻā wale ana ka bear brown ia ʻoe inā pōloli ia. ʻO ka pilikia nui aʻe i ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka wahine hānai, e mālama ana i nā keiki. Inā ʻike ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻana ma ke kahe kokoke loa, e ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia e lele.

ʻO ka awelika kino kino o kēia holoholona he 1.5 mika a ʻo kona paona he 250 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka punahele punahele o kēia holoholona ka iʻa. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka huaʻala a me nā aʻa. Akā ʻo ke aloha i ka iʻa e hoʻolilo ai i kahi kao wai ma ka muliwai he nui ka manawa. Hoʻolohe lākou i nā lua.

Hoʻopau

No kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi nā keiki o nā hamsters. Ua kapa ʻia he "dropsy" no ka makemake makemake e noho kokoke i ka wai: nā wai, nā loko, nā kahawai, a me nā mea he nui nā wai ma ka Lake Baikal. ʻO Dropsy kekahi o nā mea kiaʻi ākea ma Rūsia, hiki ke loaʻa i ka aneʻāina āpau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kekahi kanaka a hiki i ka 30 cm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia holoholona ʻo kona mau pepeiao liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka huluhulu palupalu nui, aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻoki aku iā lākou.

ʻOiai ke ʻano kūlohelohe a me ke ʻano he pupule, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo dropsy he pōpilikia, no ka mea, i ka manawa o ke kaiāulu, ʻoi aku ia e noho i loko o nā māla, kahe ʻana o nā lua hohonu ma laila.

ʻO kā ʻoluʻolu mau meaʻai. Hoʻopili iā lākou, kahe i ka ʻai me ka hua lāʻau a me nā hua o nā mea kanu. Ua hōʻoiaʻo ia i ke poʻo inoa o "pest" ma kaʻai ʻana i nā māla māla. Kahi mea mea like i loko o ka manawa 'mahiʻai hiki ke hana i ka hōʻino ma mua o 50 mau mika mika o ka hōʻiliʻili.

Kauka

ʻO ka mea mua e wehe ai i ka puaʻa Baala mai kahi puaʻa maʻamau he mau ʻōpala maloʻo lōʻihi e uhi ana i kona kino holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke ala, e kamaʻilio i ke kino o ka holoholona, ​​pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻano ʻihiʻoki a me ka pili.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻelua ma waena o kahi puaʻa a me kahi puaʻa, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā fangs 2 hou e hāʻe ana i waho o ka waha. ʻOi aku lākou makemake e noho i nā ululāʻau ulu. Akā hele pinepine nā ʻalāʻau holoholona i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka papa ʻai o ka papa Baikal ka mea: acorns, nati, nā pōkoki o kekahi mau pua, mau puhū, rhizomes a me nā pepeke. Ma kekahi manawa ʻaʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua manu a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻokele pinepine ka lāʻau ʻāwā i nā kānaka. Hei mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka mīkini pale, pono ʻoe e hele i kona pae ʻāina. ʻO nā ʻano āpau i manaʻo ʻia e mākou i kēia lā, ka ʻimi pū ʻana i kahi honua kūʻokoʻa i kūpono maoli e pale.

Nā Pākuʻi

Elk

p, ka mea pā 3,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 4,0,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i hōʻea ʻia,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->

Nā Wolverine

p, ka mea pā 7,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻLelo ʻulaʻula

p, paukiki 8,0,0,0,0 ->

Oaka

p, ka mea pā 9,0,0,0,0 ->

Lynx

p, paukō 10,0,0,0,0 ->

Irbis

p, ka mea pā 11,0,0,0,0 ->

Hare

p, paukiki 12,0,0,0,0 ->

p, mea pā 13,0,0,0,0 ->

He ʻope

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p, blockquote 15,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻO sable Barguzinsky

p, ka mea pā 16,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 17,0,0,0,0 ->

Hare

p, blockquote 18,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 19,0,0,0,0 ->

p, paukiki 20,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 21,0,0,0,0 ->

Vole

p, paukō he 22,0,0,0,0 ->

p, mea huna 23,0,0,0,0 ->

Altai pika

p, ka mea pā 24,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he pāʻālua 25,0,0,0 ->

ʻ Grleloʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a kahi kalaʻeleʻele

p, ka mea pā 26,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 27,0,0,0,0 ->

Kauka

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p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->

Hemo pu

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p, mea huna 31,0,0,0,0 ->

Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe

p, blockquote 32,0,1,0,0 ->

p, mea ʻokiʻoki 33,0,0,0 ->

Nā manu

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p, ka mea pā 35,0,0,0,0 ->

Lālepalai

p, paukiki 36,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->

Malaiwila

p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 39,0,0,0,0 ->

ahi

p, paukena 40,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->

Pūuli gull

p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 43,0,0,0,0 ->

Pūnaewele

p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻEila gula

p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->

Saker Falcon

Akua snipe akua

p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->

Aliʻi (Chomga)

p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->

Cormor

p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->

Curlew

p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he pāʻālua 55,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻ Swlelo Hema Nui

p, mea ʻiki 56,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 58,0,0,0,0 ->

Kahalulu ke kuahiwi

p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->

Kuke Daur

p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->

Kahu kuihi lōʻihi

p, mea ʻoki 64,0,0,0,0 ->

Noho wai

Palapala Baikal

p, blockquote 65,1,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻEnēnē

p, he mea pā 67,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->

Lenok

p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 70,0,0,0,0 ->

Taimen

p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->

Davatchan

p, blockquote 73,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 74,0,0,0,0 ->

Golomyanka

p, blockquote 75,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pio 76,0,0,0,0 ->

Omul

p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 78,0,0,0 ->

Baikal firmgeon

p, blockquote 79,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 80,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻIliuli Baikal ʻeleʻele

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 81,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 82,0,0,0,0 ->

Ke pālahalaha ʻulaʻula

p, paukiki 83,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 84,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻO Goby-kahealani Kuning

p, blockquote 85,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻAno kālā

p, blockquote 86,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he mea pākahi 87,0,0,0,0 ->

Pili

p, ka mea pā 88,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 89,0,0,0,0 ->

Kāhea

p, ka mea pā 90,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pā 91,0,0,0,0 ->

Manaʻo manaʻo

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Nā pāpale Siberian

p, blockquote 93,0,0,0,0 ->

Lake minnow

p, paukō 94,0,0,0,0 ->

Hoʻokū ʻia ʻo Siberian

p, he pāʻālua 95,0,0,0,0 ->

Sgeie wahine Siberian

p, he pāʻālua 96,0,0,0,0 ->

Kahula

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 97,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he pāʻālua ʻia 98,0,0,1,0 ->

Amur kālai

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 99,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 100,0,0,0,0 ->

Titane

p, blockquote 101,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea pākahi i 102,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻIʻake Siberian

p, ka mea i kāohi ʻia 103,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 104,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻAmona ʻoki

p, he pāʻumi 105,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he mea pākahi 106,0,0,0,0 ->

Burbot

p, blockquote 107,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i loaʻa 108,0,0,0,0 ->

Nā lua liʻiliʻi

p, ka mea pākahi 109,0,0,0,0 ->

p, he pāʻālua 110,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻLelo ʻona

Nā kuʻuna maʻamau

p, blockquote 119,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 120,0,0,0,0 ->

Ka nahesa ʻokiʻoki

p, blockquote 121,0,0,0,0 ->

p, ka mea i pīhoihoi 122,0,0,0,0 ->

ʻAʻohe

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p, paukiki 124,0,0,0,0 ->

Pāʻano laha ʻo Viviparous

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ʻO ka muzzle maʻamau

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Hoʻohālikelike

ʻAʻole ka holoholona o Baikal i nā holoholona aquatic iʻa, iʻa a me nā invertebrates wale nō, akā ʻo ka manu o ka ʻona kahakai. Aia ka loko a puni i nā nahele ʻo Sigaia taiga a me nā kuahiwi he nui loa, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi mau holoholona nāu no ka wahi: bear, fox, wolverine, musk deer and others. ʻO paha ka mea kupanaha a nani loa o ka fauna o ke kahakai ʻo Lake Baikal ka mea ʻohiʻohi.

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Ke hoʻi nei i ka lalo o ke ao, pono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka pā maʻamau - Baikal sila sila. He ʻano o ka hōʻailona a noho mai nei i ka wai o ka loko o Lake Baikal no hoʻokahi mau mileniuma. ʻAʻohe wahi o ka honua nei kahi hōʻailona. ʻO kēia holoholona he mea no ka lawena nui o ka lawaiʻa a hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻai i ka manawa holoʻokoʻa i mua o ke alo o ke kanaka ma nā kahakai o ka loko o Lake Baikal. ʻAʻole he mea pau ʻole ka hōʻailona Baikal, akā ua palena ʻia ka hopu ʻana no ka pale ʻana.

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Ma ke kahakai o Lake Baikal, kahi holoholona ʻala loa o ka ʻohana cat ua noho - ʻo ka ʻiona leʻe a me ka ʻiona leʻe. He liʻiliʻi loa ka helu o kēlā me kēia kanaka a i nā ʻumi. I waho, e like me kēia lynx ka holoholona, ​​akā he nui a he nani kona, a aneane ke keʻokeʻo me ka hulu ʻulaʻula.

Nā Kiʻi o Baikal

ʻO nā kānaka āpau o kēia ʻano ʻano kupaianaha e pili pono ana i ka hele ʻana o kekahi kanaka kahi i hana ʻia ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka ecotourism. Akā ka mea kaulana loa Nā holoholona Baikal no ke kiʻi - a me nā lī wikiō wikiō o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi, ʻo kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā sila.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā alima a Baikal. Aia kēia mau loko ʻoluʻolu i ka palena o ka ua pau ʻana ma muli o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana ʻana o nā lālani e kiola ana i ka wai i loko o ka loko, a i kēia manawa ua pale maoli ʻia ka hōʻailona Baikal.

Ke kūʻē nei nā poʻe ʻepekema i ke ʻano o kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka liʻiliʻi o nā wai puʻuwai. ʻO ke kumuhana e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka manawa o ka neʻe mai ka ʻaoʻao ma ke kahakai ʻo Arctic i ʻike ʻia i ka hilinaʻi nui loa.

Noho ka hala ʻana o nā sila āpau i ka wai o ka wai, e kahe ʻana e loaʻa ai ka ea i loko o ko lākou mau pūpū. Ma ka lā maikaʻi, wela, inā paha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā lohi, ke hoʻololi nei lākou i ko lākou ʻano a hele i kahakai a i ʻole ka ua e hāʻule a wehe i ka lā.

Hoʻomaka lākou i kahakai, ma nā ʻāpana hummocky, ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoulu. Hānau ʻia nā wahine ʻo Baikal ma mua o nā kāne, hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki 44.5 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke hoʻomaka nei nā "keikikāne" makemake nui iā lākou wale nō i ka makahiki 5-6.

Noho ʻo ka wahine a 11 mau mahina, a hānau pinepine nā pēpē mai Pepeluali a waena oʻApelila. Eia nō kekahi, hiki i nā wahine ke hānau i keiki 40-45 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke ola nei nā kuhi ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi i nā makahiki he 50. Hānau ʻia nā keiki liʻiliʻi, maʻa hoʻokahi mau kubita, ʻaʻole ʻelua. ʻO nā paona i hānau ʻia he 3.5-4 kg a uhi ʻia i ka hulu hau-keʻokeʻo.

Ke kaupaona nei ka paona o kekahi holoholona makua ma waena o 50 i ka 150 kg, kā nā sila i hoʻopaʻa i ke ola a pau, ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa, ka nui o ka puaʻa o ka golomyanko-goby, e ʻai ana i ka 4-5 kg ​​o ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā.

I hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki i kēlā me kēia mau mea hōʻoki ke ʻai e pili ana i hoʻokahi tonle o ka iʻa, aʻo ka sila e waiho mau ana i kahi mea momona maikaʻi loa, e hoʻomau ana i ka wikiwiki o 20-25 km / h inā pono.

Noho ka Sahats ma loko o Eurasia, akā naʻe nā holoholona ma Baikal – lawa ole, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā ʻano moose ʻē aʻe, ma ka nui. I ka awelika, ʻo ka paona o kahi Sokhaty e noho ana ma kahakai o ka loko, he 400, akā he nui nā kāne ma mua o 500 kg.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau nani ma ka maloʻo ma ko lākou palena haʻahaʻa ʻo 2.5 mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu mika. ʻO nā moose 15 makahiki ka mea ikaika loa ikaika a maikaʻi loa, a noho lākou i lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi no 25-30 mau makahiki.

E hāʻule nā ​​liona ma Ianuali, ke hoʻomaka nei ka ulu o ka "hou" i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki. Holo ʻo Gon i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa, a ma Mei-Iune ka hānau keiki bipi liʻiliʻi. Noho ka ʻōpio ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 4-8 kanaka, ʻai ʻai i nā mea kanu a me ka ʻōpio, a i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ʻai.

Oaka

ʻOiai nā bea brown, e like me nā elks, e noho a puni Eurasia, aia wale nō i ka loko moana ke aliʻi nei lākou i nā aliʻi maoli o ke ʻano. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia mau kānaka maikaʻi e noho kokoke ana i ka wai o ka loko o Lake Baikal he 2.5-3 mau mika, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo ka hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻO ka holoholona ka mea nui, hoʻoponopono, ʻaʻole i aloha. Akā, inā pono, e lele maʻalahi i ka 300 km i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a hoʻi hoʻi.

He ʻano ʻē nā Baikal bear, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā makemake i nā iʻa i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe. ʻOka meli a ka mea haʻahaʻa loa i kahi iʻa iʻa hou, no ka ulu ʻana no lākou ke hiki ke kū i waho o ka wai no ka hapalua lā. Hānau ʻia ka hānau ʻana o nā beed ka ʻeddy ma mua o nā mahina ʻeono.

ʻAʻohe o lākou i hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa no ka moe ʻana, i ka manawa mai ka hoʻokahi a ʻehā mau pēpē i hānau ʻia, ka poʻe i noho i ko lākou hānau mua me ka dipper. A noho nā bea i kahi mālama no 20-25 mau makahiki.

ʻO Lynx kahi kāleka kipa o ka waihona.He pōpilikia ikaika a maikaʻi, no ka hālāwai hālāwai ʻana me ʻoe e ʻāpono nui. He aha nā mea a ka lynx i lawe ai i nā mākaʻikaʻi me ka leʻaleʻa, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole e peʻe a holo paha. Noho lākou ma nā wahi paʻakikī loa i ka mālama.

He pōpoki kekahi pōpoki, ʻoiai ʻo ka pōpoki he Baikal lynx. He holoholona noho holoholona kēia holoholona. Ua mamao loa ka lipi ma kēlā me kēia manawa, nā kittens e like me ka 3-5, a ʻaʻole ka mālama o ka makua i ka ʻohana.

Holo ka lynx no nā mea āpau, ʻo kāna meaʻai, ʻo ia ka hares, deer, nā ʻalā. ʻO nā mea āpau āna e ʻike ai a hiki i ka hopu. ʻAʻole loa ʻo ia i hele ʻē i ka pū me nā hua, akā pinepine ka ʻai, akā hānai wale ʻia ia me kona wāwae.

Hoʻomaka ka lynx mai kahi hoʻomoʻi, hoʻomohala koke i ka wikiwiki a, i kahi kiʻekiʻe. Akā i kēia manawa, nui nā manawa e pakele ai mai ka mea hopu, ʻoiai ua pau ka pōpoki i nā mika 70 o ka ʻimi ʻana.

Eia naʻe, inā ua lanakila ka lynx, a lele koke ʻo ia i kāna mea pio, ʻo ka moose ka mea ʻaʻole ola ke ola. ʻAʻole mālama o Lynx i nā mea āpau Palapala Baikalakā, ʻoi loa, noho mau loa ia e pili ana i nā Wolverines.

Irbis

ʻO ka holoholona hihiu, aneane keu - ka leopaliona hau, nā leʻe hau o ka Lake Baikal. ʻAʻole wale kēia holoholona i waena holoholona o ka Puke Hoike a Baikal, loaʻa iā ia kahi kūlana kūikawā - ponoʻoleʻo ia i lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, e komo pū me kahi weliweli ola.

Inā e hōʻeha ʻia ka leopalō, hiki i kahi mākaʻikaʻi ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōʻō me nā pōpō hiamoe, e like me ka hoʻoponopono o ka Federal ma ka pale ʻana o nā manu o nā manu.

Ma ka laulā, ma ka mōʻaukala o ka mālama. Mai ka makahiki 1969, ʻaʻohe mau hihia o nā hōʻeha leopio i ka poʻe. Noho ka poʻe wānana ma ka hānai āpau, nā mea pio ma ka ungulates a ma ka laulā ka like me nā pōpoki nui. ʻIkahi ʻia kēlā me kēia holoholona hihiu. I kēia lā, 49 mau leopona e noho ai i kahi mālama.

ʻO ka paona o kēia mau kāne nani i ka 55 a hiki i ka 65 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino ikaika e hoʻopiha ʻia me nā musika hao mai ka 1.05 a i 1.1 mika. Ke makemake nei nā Leopards i ka male mai Ianuali a hiki i ka hopena o Malaki, a ma hope o 100 mau lā, ua hānau ʻia ʻelua ʻelua a ʻehā mau keʻokeʻo.

I ka hopuʻana, hoʻomaka mau nā lekiʻe me nā ungulates, akā, no ka mea ka lōʻihi o ka leopadi no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ka neʻe i ka ambush, lele pinepine ka hiʻu ma kahi kokoke. I kēia hihia, ua haki ʻia ka ʻolihue hāpau e ka kīkē, i wikiwiki loa ka ʻike ʻole ʻana mai o kahi kanaka.

Ua pau ka pauʻa, ʻaina ka leopalē i ka ʻeha o ka ʻeha, a inā ma ia manawa, ʻikea kahi hipa, ke kō a me ke kao paha, ʻaʻole lākou a hoʻoweliweli a ʻā pōloli hou ka ua. Pono kēia puaʻa nui he 3 a 5 kg i ka ʻiʻo i ka manawa.

Ke kamaʻilio nei lākou Nā holoholona Baikal, ka mea mua o ka poʻomanaʻo, hoʻomanaʻo lākou i nā mea hoʻopuka, kā lākou ʻōpio a make i ka hopohopo, hoʻopoina i ka hare. He holoholona liʻiliʻi ka hare, ʻaʻohe nui o nā "predatory a me ka nani" ʻaʻole i hāʻule ʻole i ka pōloli. Noho ʻo Bunnies ma ke kikowaena āpau a lawelawe i ka meaʻai no nā mea ʻike āpau.

ʻO ka poʻe squirrels lākou iho, nā holoholona nui. Hoʻonohonoho lākou mai ka 2,5 a 5 kg a hiki ke hiki i 50 cm ka lōʻihi.ʻae ʻia ka ʻae ʻia ikaika e ola i ka wā ahiahi a i ka pō, akā ʻo ka ʻalā ka mea nui i ka Lake Baikal.

Keliʻi lākou i nā mink hohonu loa, mai 8-9 m, ke kumu kēia e makemake ʻia nei ka leʻaleʻa ʻaʻole i lilo i mea make i ka poʻe pōloli o ka Red Book. Mālama ka meaʻono i nā mea kanu āpau, ʻoi aku nā lau ʻelua, nā hua a me nā pua, a me nā aʻa. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai lākou i ka ʻili a me nā lālā.

Ua makemake ʻo Bunnies e hua, i loko o ka makahiki kahi hare e lawe ai i nā litters 3-4 mai loko o ka 2-6 pigits. Noho ʻo Hares i ka ʻoihana me nā "ʻohana" nui, a he nui lākou i kānaka a "kōkua" kekahi i kekahi.

ʻO ka hapa nui, nā alopeke e noho ana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma nā kahakai o ka puʻu moana, he ʻokoʻa. Maʻe wale nō, ʻoluʻolu mālie nā ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula e pili ana i nā kānaka, a ʻike i kahi pūʻulu o nā ecotourist, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele, akā ʻae ʻia i ka "pose", ʻaleʻaleʻa me nā puʻupuʻu kupanaha.

Pono e hāpai i nā hana hoʻomohala i hua a i ka kaulana o ka maalea ʻulaʻula i waena o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi i pale aku i ka manul ke anuʻi, nā lynx, a me nā leki hau.

I ka manawa like, nā mākaʻi iā lākou iho, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono e mālama pono i kā lākou noi ponoʻī, ke waiho wale nei nā mea mākaʻikaʻi i kahi mea momona, no ka laʻa, nā kuki, ka ʻai a ka chanterelles me ka ʻoliʻoli nui. Nānā nā mea alakaʻi i nā mea ma o kā lākou manamana lima, no ka mea, ʻo nā loiloi hoihoi a me ka "kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi" me nā alopeke e huki nui ana i nā mākaʻikaʻi hou i ka waihona.

ʻO kahi holoholona maikaʻi maikaʻi. ʻO nā kānaka ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma ke kahakai o ka loko, he ʻokoʻa nā mea e noho ana ma nā ulu lāʻau ʻEulopa. ʻO ka paona o ka chanterelle kūloko e pili ana i ka 10-15 kg, a ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi i ka 80-90 cm, ʻaʻole e waiho ana i ka huelo. Paila - mai 60 cm, kahi e ulu ai kāna mau ʻalopona ʻaʻole no nā kahe hulu manu, akā, ʻoiai he "stabilizer" i ka wā e holo ana.

He alakaʻi nā hulu ʻulaʻula a 42 mau niho e alakaʻi i ke ola kino nocturnal, akā ʻaʻole ma Baikal. ʻO kēia no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a kokoke paha i ka hana o ka uaki o ka meaʻai kīʻaha nui - hares, ʻaʻole i maopopo.

Noho ʻo Chanterelles ma nā wahi a pau o ka honua mai 3 a 10 paha makahiki, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ma kahi mālama, e like me nā helu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia me ke kōkua ʻana o nā huntsmen, hoʻomaka nā pōlila kai make i ka 15-17 mau makahiki.

Hoʻohana wale nā ​​laha ʻo Fox no ka pale ʻana mai ka pōʻino a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻino a no ka hoʻoulu manu ʻalā. Inā maikaʻi ke anilulu, ʻaʻohe hoariri a puni ʻole nā ​​keiki i hānau ʻia - a laila e moe nō ia ma lalo o ka ulu lāʻau, ʻāʻī.

He poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi nā Foxes, akā ma luna o Lake Baikal he mea ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi loa lākou, a ʻoliʻoli nā poʻe aloha i nā ʻōpio a me nā hua pua. ʻO ka mea wehe i ka "ʻulaʻula" kaiaulu i nā mea āpau.

ʻAʻohe o lākou manawa i ka "mare male", akā makemake lākou e hānau i nā ʻalopona i ka wā mua. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā o ka wahine ma ke ʻano kolohe ke hōʻeu i ke kāne, a inā i pōmaikaʻi ka ʻalopeke, e hele hou ana nā alopeke i ka hoʻoilo.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākua ʻelua i ka hānai ʻana o nā pēpē. He aha nā ʻohana o nā alopeke i ke ola, e like me nā ʻīlio hihiu. Hoʻokahi ʻohana kona ʻohana. Eia nō naʻe, inā he nui ka ʻai, e pili mālie nā alopeke e pili ana i ka "poʻe kipa".

Maʻamau holoholona o Lake Baikal, e like me nā manu a me nā iʻa, hana lākou a pau i kā lākou iho, ka honua kūikawā. Ua pili nā mea āpau o lākou a pau, me kekahi a me ke kai ponoʻī.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i kēia mea me ka nānā ʻole, me ke kumu ʻole, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka huakaʻi, ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o ka nui o nā ecotourist, a ʻo nā mea i ka mua i ʻike mua i ka palapala.

Palapala Baikal

ʻO ka hōʻailona maoli o ka loko ʻike. ʻIke ʻia ka mea ʻike ʻia ma ka Lake Baikal. Ma muli o ka poachers, pili ka holoholona i ka pau ʻole. ʻO ka hulu, ka ʻiʻo a me ka momona o kēia momi he mea waiwai nui ia, akā ʻo ka hopu ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai. ʻO Nerpa, e like me nā kekona, makemake e ʻauʻau i ka wai a kiʻi i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻomaha.

Omul

ʻO Omul ka nui o nā mea ulu manuahi (species whitefish) o nā ʻano Baikal a pau. E kikoū, ʻo Baikal subspecies (endemic) noho i ka loko, ʻehā ona lehulehu: Selenginsky, Severobaikalsky, ʻAmelika Nui, Chivyrkuisky. ʻO ka lehulehu, ʻo ka hapa nui loa o Selenginsky. ʻO ka huina biomass he 25-30 tausani tons.ʻO ka Baikal omul ʻaʻole ka nui nui o ka iʻa - ua hiki nō ia i ka loa o 50 cm ka lōʻihi a he 5 kg ka paona.

Golomyanka

ʻO Golomyanka ka iʻa nui loa ma ka Lake Baikal, kahi pilina ma ka mekena ʻai o ka ʻono o ka loko. Aia kekahi golomyanka nui a me kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka wahine nui ka lōʻihi o 25 cm, a ʻo ke kāne - 16 cm. ʻO ka wahine a me ka kāne o ka golomyanka liʻiliʻi e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 15 a 12 cm, ma kēlā.

ʻO kā biomass o Comephorus ʻelua mau manawa biomass o nā iʻa Baikal a pau. He ika hoihoi maikaʻi loa ʻo Golomyanka: me ka unahi ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻauʻau kauʻau, make viviparous (ʻaʻole i kikoʻī), translucent, noho ia i kona hohonu holoʻokoʻa (mai ka papa i ka lalo, kū ka wai wai o 125 bar) a ʻo ia ka meaʻai nui no ka silaʻo Baikal a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. . ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohana pono ʻo ia iho i ka plankton a me nā mea ola liʻiliʻi (hiki i ka golomyanka nui ke ʻai i kahi mea liʻiliʻi). ʻO Golomyanka he 35% (i nā uaua - ʻoi aku ma mua o 40%) nona ka momona. Ma o kāna huelo, hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i ke kikokikona ma ka paʻi nui. ʻOi aku ka "ulu" liʻiliʻi i kahi hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā fins pectoral nui, hiki i ka 200% pili i ka nui o ke kino.

ʻO sable Barguzinsky

ʻO Sable kahi holoholona mōʻīwili i hoʻohele ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma ka Lake Baikal: loaʻa i ka wahi o kāiga taiga o Rūsia, kona ʻāina a me ka mauna ʻo Siberia Eastern. ʻO ka huluhulu palupalu ke gula gula. He nani ia, mau, a no laila ua waiwai. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai o ka hulu ke hilinaʻi i ka kala - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi. ʻO Barguzinsky sable ka ʻeleʻele.

Ma USSR, ua pau loa ka luku ʻana o ka poʻe holoholona ma ka Lake Baikal, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kuʻuna lawaiʻa. A laila ua hele lākou i ko lākou ʻike a hoʻihoʻi hou i ko lākou pae mua (XVII ken), a hele loa i kahi mamao loa, a nui hoʻi ke kīleʻaha Sable, e ʻehaʻohi ana i ka pale kaulua. ʻAʻole kūpono ke kau ʻana ma kēia wahi.

Kuhi i ka sable he 56 cm i ka lōʻihi, me 20 cm o ka huelo (ʻaʻole ka holoholona nui loa). I ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi e hoʻoikaika. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā lāʻau kedera, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke kū pinepine i nā lei o nā lāʻau.

I nā makahiki 90, ua loaʻa ke aniani i ka ʻili ʻili ma ke ao ʻo St. Petersburg ma mua o $ 100, akā ma ka hopena o nā 90s, ua hāʻule ke kumukūʻai o $ 62, e like me nā ʻāina hoʻomohala hou aʻe i ko lākou hulu.

ʻO kekahi lālā i nā holoholona Baikal he sokhaty. Noho ka Moose ma loko o Eurasia, akā ma ka wai ua lawa lākou a ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka nui o ka moose ma ka wahi mua. Paulo ka kaumaha o kahi elk e noho ana ma kahi loko he 400 kgAkā, ʻo ke kaumaha o nā kāne he nui ma mua o ka hapalua o ka tonona. Ke ulu ma ka palena o lalo o ka mauʻu he 2,5 m, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino liʻiliʻi he 3 m. ʻO nā pū momona nani a ikaika loa he 15 mau makahiki. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, ʻo 25 ka mau makahiki o ka moose. Puhi lākou i nā pū i ka mahina o Ianuali, a ua hoʻomaka nā mea hou i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki. ʻO ka mahina ʻōpala ʻo Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa, a hānau ʻia nā keiki moose i ka Mei-Iune. Noho ka Moose ma nā pūʻulu o 4-8 kanaka, ʻai i ka mauʻu a me nā ʻōpala, a i ka hoʻoilo - bark.

Hare

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka pau ʻole o kēia holoholona, ​​no ka mea, ʻo ka hare e lawelawe ma ka ʻai no nā mea hoʻolaha he nui o Lake Baikal. ʻO ka paona o ka holoholona he 2.5-5 kg, a hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i 0,5 m. Kuhi lākou i nā lua hohonu - 8-9 m. Hoʻomaʻa lākou i nā mea kanu, ʻai i ka ʻili a me nā lālā i ka hoʻoilo. I ka makahiki, ua hāʻawi ka hare i ka 3-4 litters o 2-6 rabbits. Noho ka hare keʻokeʻo ma nā "ʻohana" nui. Hele pinepine i ka hoʻopakele o kā lākou ʻano.

Noho ka ʻalihi kūlohelohe ma nā kahakai o ka Lake Baikal. Eia wale nū ʻula ʻulaʻula pane ʻoluʻolu loa i ka poʻe. ^ E Ha yM. ʻIke ʻike i kahi hui o nā mākaʻikaʻi, ʻaʻole lākou i haʻalele, akā e hoʻomaka i ka "pose", e hāliʻi ana i ko lākou mau maka i ke akaʻakaʻaka. Ma ka hoʻi ʻana, haʻalele ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi iā lākou i ka meaʻai, no laila ua pololei nā pono o ka paʻi ʻana me ka ʻalopeke.

ʻOkoʻa kekahi holoholona hihiu ʻē aʻe i nā hoahānau ma nā ululāʻau ʻEulopa. Kaumana ka ʻalā 10-15 kg, a ʻo kona lōʻihi kino he 80-90 cm (ʻaʻohe huʻu). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai 60 cm; e lawelawe ʻia he "stabilizer" i ka wā e holo ana. Noho ʻo Foxes ma Lake Baikal no 15-17 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe ko lākou ola e ola nei he 3-10 mau makahiki. Pono nā Fox i nā lua wulu no ka pale wale mai ka wā ʻino a no ka pilikia a no ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Hiki i kahi pōloli ke moe mālie ma lalo o kahi ulu lāʻau. Ma Baikal, ma waena o nā mea e ae, ʻai ka ʻalopona i nā iʻa, nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpua. ʻAʻohe no kahi koho hoʻohālikelike ʻana, makemake ʻia lākou e hānau i ka wā mua. Ua hānai nā mākua ʻelua i nā pēpē. Monogamous. Noho ko kēlā me kēia ʻohana ma ko lākou "āpau." Inā lawa nā meaʻai, mālama ʻia nā "tetamu" me ka ʻoluʻolu.

Malaiwila

ʻO ka ʻiʻo mallard ka duck wai nui, ʻo kona nui me ka pato home. ʻEleʻele ke poʻo o ke kāne me ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka chestnut goiter, ka pua ua melemele, a ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae. Holo mau ʻia nā ʻāpana mallard wahine, me nā peka o ke kapaʻeleʻele, he aniani “uliuli” hoʻi ma lalo o ka huelo, he beak pinkish me kahi wahiʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka mallard maʻamau i Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pūʻulu he laulā loa. Noho ʻo ia i loko o nā kaola wai me nā wai momona a me nā mea kanu momona, makemake nui nā wahi i ka nui me ka pūliki, cattail, ʻohe a me ka duckweed, akā he wahi liʻiliʻi me ka wai maʻemaʻe. Hōʻalo ka mallard i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi i wahi ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kino o ka wai.

I ke kahikiliki mua, lele mai ka pūnaewele i nā pā. Kūkulu ʻo ia i nā nike kokoke i ka wai, ma lalo o kahi uhi o kahi makani kūmole, kahi lāʻau i hina i lalo o kahi kumulāʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau Kalikimaka.

Hānau aku ka wahine mai 8 a 16 mau pua uliuli-keʻokeʻo a hānai ʻia iā lākou no ʻekolu pule. Hiki iā nā manu ʻōlio ke ʻauʻau mai ka hānau ʻana, ke huki wale ʻana mai i ka hua a maloʻo ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, hahai koke lākou i ko lākou makuahine i ka wai. Paʻi ʻo nā ʻōpio i nā iniseti a me nā pōpoki, ka mea i loaʻa i nā mākeke o nā kahakai, kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka pipi āpau o ka mallard.

Mai nā ʻāina ʻākau a waena paha o ko mākou ʻāina i nā ʻāpana mahana, kahi lele ka ʻiʻo mallard i ka hopena o ka hāʻule. He mea hiki ʻole ka hālāwai me nā ʻolīkī i ka hoʻoilo, pololei ma ke kaona, no ka laʻana, ma nā wahi hale nui kahi e hana ʻole ai ka pōpilikia iā lākou i ke ʻano o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. I ia wā hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo mau ka ʻele mallard e nā limahana, a me ka puʻukuhua ʻole ʻole no ka sewage mai nā ʻoihana hana e lilo i ʻano waiwai no ia. A kupaianaha nō naʻe kahi kūpono o kēlā wai haumia no lākou.

Ahi

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka manu ka mea hoʻonaninani i ka ʻōneka-brown i ke kino nui a hiki ke leiʻihi loa i ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. ʻO ka peʻe ʻeleʻele a me ka mantle he kākā greenish. Beak, rainbow a me nā wāwae ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ke kala, e like me nā lele-lele ma nā ʻēheu keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa nā niho a me nā niho kūleʻa ma ke kihi o ka beak a me nā beak. I nā manu, ma nā lele, ʻike ʻia nā wahi keʻokeʻo o ka ʻaha loa i nā ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu (ma nā uhi).

ʻO kēia pākaʻi nui ma nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe me ka puʻupuʻu pōkole, lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me ke kūlana haʻaheo e like me ka pua liʻiliʻi. I ka wā e moe ai, i ke ʻano o ke kāne ma ke aniani ʻeleʻī ʻeleʻī i ka ʻāʻī, kahi nalo i ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ia wā o ka plumage, a me ka wahine - me ka hulu o ke kala māmā i nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo.

ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ke ahi ʻo ia ke leo nui, ʻōhala nui ʻia e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka ʻoni ʻana o ka hoki. Ma nā lele, lele lākou i kahi leo "gang ..." hohonu, e huli ana i kahi trill pūkō. He leo mele a me nā leo nui nā wahine.

ʻIke ke ahi kīʻaha i kāna meaʻai iho i ka wai a ma ka ʻāina. E makemake i nā mea kanu meaʻai: nā hua a me nā pua o nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu me nā huaʻai. Akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻowahāwahā i nā iniseti: ʻūwū, popo, etc. I loko o ka wai e ʻimi ai nā mollusks, nā mea pohihihi, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā pōa.

I ka hopena o ke kauwela, ma nā mahina i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ua huki ka ʻili i nā hua i kanu ʻia i ke kauwela a hoʻohele paha ma nā alanui, e ʻohi ana i ka hua ʻai. ʻOi aku ka makemake o Ogars e ʻimi no ka ʻai i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka, a hoʻomaha i ka lā. ʻOiai ʻo ka ogre e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka mālama makua ma hope o 2 mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, lilo lāua i ka moekolohe a hiki ke loaʻa i nā keiki wale nō mai ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.

Pūuli gull

Nunui, ke poʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me ke poʻo "angular". He manuʻilihuna nā manu ʻōiwi. ʻO ka ikaika ka beak, me kahi ngana paʻa o ka mea pono. Noho nō ia ma nā kahawai o nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā ʻapu. Loaʻa pinepine i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā palapala ʻāina. ʻO ka loa kino 55–67 cm, nā ʻēheu 138-1-1 cm, paona 717–1525 g.

I kekahi manu ʻōpiopio, ke keʻokeʻo a me ke poʻo o ke kino e ke keʻokeʻo i ke kauwela, i ka hoʻoilo ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī me nā corious hina a brown or brown. He poʻo hina ka mantle, e like me ka mea ʻulaʻula hina. He ʻano ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele maʻamau ma ka hopena o ka ʻēheu e lōʻihi i ka hulu manu 5-6. ʻO ka hulu ʻumi (ʻumi) maʻamau me kahi hopena keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi kokoke (ʻeiwa) - me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo apical nui. I nā manu he nui, ua hui ʻia nā “ʻōlelo” keʻokeʻo ma nā pūnaewele o nā hulu ʻuluʻulu ʻē aʻe me kahi keʻokeʻo mua ma ka penultimate penis (ʻeiwa). ʻO ka ʻōiwi manuahi lele ʻeleʻele i ka leʻe lele lele a he ʻokoʻa paha ia manawa. ʻAnoʻulaʻula ka ʻenemi. He melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha nā kūpeʻe. He melemele ka beak, me kahi ʻono ʻulaʻula i ke kakaka o ke kauoha a me kahi hāpoki keʻokeʻo. He keʻokeʻo nā wāwae, he melemele a hina paha.

E hoʻi ana i nā wahi i kūkulu ʻia (ma ke kahakai Murmansk) i ka lā Malaki. ʻO nā moʻomeheu nui i nā koloni, i kekahi manawa ma nā hale o nā hale. Hoʻokumu nā wahine a me nā kāne i kahi pūnana mai ka moss, nā lau, nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana a lākou i loaʻa ai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūnana. Hoʻomaka ka palaoa hua ma nā lā he ʻumi o Mei.I piha kikowaena, 2-3, liʻiliʻi pinepine a i ʻole nā ​​hua 1 a i ʻole paha, he ʻoliʻoli a i ʻole ke kala me nā waihoʻoluʻu. Hoʻopili nā mākua ʻelua i ka lākau no 26-32 lā. Hoʻomaka nā mākaʻi mai ka lele ʻana o 38-145 mau lā.

Paʻu ʻia i nā iʻa, nā momi liʻiliʻi a me nā manu, nā moa, a me nā huaʻai, nā mollusks, nā hua ʻai, nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano, nā kākela. Nui pinepine ma nā ʻauhau ʻāina.

Pūnaewele

Ka manu haile Hazel - e noho ana i ka ulu lāʻau o Rūsia. He manu nui ka mākeke Hazel i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia, me nā manu ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻapo. He hina hina ka kala o kona mau hulu a he mau laina kalaiwa, no laila e hele aku nā ʻōpala ma ka paʻu āpau.

Mahalo i kēia ripple, loaʻa iā ia kona inoa. Aia ke kāne i kahi kukuna ma kona poʻo, a he wahi ʻulaʻula i kona ʻāʻī. ʻO nā ʻēheu o kaʻakaʻaheheʻe a pōkole. Lele no nā wahi mamao pōkole, e hana ana i ka walaʻau i ka wā e kahalaha ai, e lele ana i kona mau eheu.

Kaona o ka kekahele lāʻau ma Eurasia a me Asia. ʻO ka hale ʻaina Hazel kahi manu e noho mau i nā paʻu, ʻono i nā ulu lāʻau ʻōwili a punahele. Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi noho maʻalahi, akā i ka ʻimi ʻana o ka meaʻai e hiki ai i nā kahelehe pōkole. ʻO ka manu Grouse, ka mea e noho nei ma ka ululāʻau, hoʻopau i ka hapa nui o kona ola ma ka honua, hiki ke holo wikiwiki. A inā makaʻu wale ʻoe i ka māla palaka, e lele lākou i luna o nā kumulāʻau, a lūlū a lōʻihi loa i ko lākou mau lei.

Hoʻolālā ʻo Fritillas i nā kunu ma ka ʻāina, ma waena o ka lāʻau kai a me ka ʻūhū makani, ma nā wahi ulu ʻole. Hāʻawi ka wahine wahine i nā hua he 6-10, pāpale aku iā lākou ma kahi o ʻekolu pule. ʻAʻole komo nā Males i ka hatching hua a ʻaʻole i hōʻike i ka hopohopo no nā moa. Hoʻokele kekahi wahine i nā ʻokiʻoki. Mālama ʻo ia iā lākou mai nā mea kaukau a me nā pō maikaʻi.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepeke a me kā lākou pili i ka ʻai no nā ʻōpio, a ʻai pū lākou i nā ʻanuʻu. ʻAi nā pāʻai maikaʻi, e like me nā manu makua, ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu-kanu - nā hua nahele, nā huaʻai, nā lau, etc.

ʻO ka hoʻoilo ka mea paʻakikī loa no ka kahe. Ke pakele nei i nā nini nui, lele nā ​​manu i ka hoʻoilo, e hele wale ana i ia manawa, i kēlā manawa ke piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau e loaʻa nā meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai nā māla maikaʻi i nā alder a me nā ʻaleahi birch.

ʻEila gula

ʻO ka ʻaila gula ka mea nui o ka ʻohana: ʻo ka loa o ke kino he 76–93 cm, a ʻo nā ʻēheu mai ka 180 a 240 cm ka nui o nā wahine, e like me ka nui o nā ʻaeto. ʻO ka loa ākea o ka wahine he 6.7 kg, a ʻo kahi kāne he 4.6 kg. Ke lele ana, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ka ehe gula e like me ka leka Pelekane a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāʻī a lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā aila ʻē aʻe, ma ka lele e wehe ai me kahi pā. Hiki i ka popo keʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole hoʻi ka ʻulaʻula ʻia me nā hulu gula ma ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī.

ʻO ka hapa nui loa o ka Honu Hemolele. Loaʻa ʻia ia ma kahi āpau ma Rū, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka Amur Region. Noho ka noho puʻu, nā nahele, a i kekahi manawa e noho ma ka wao. Nā wao ma nā mokupuni ʻo nā nahele a puni e nā pulu.

ʻO nā ʻōlima gula he mea hoʻohua koʻikoʻi. Holo manu a nā ʻāʻei gula no nā ʻalā, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio, nā rodents a me nā manu manu. ʻO ka hōʻeha maikaʻi loa o kā lākou mea kaua he mau wāwae ikaika. ʻO ke kahu ma ka manamana lima mua o kēia predator ka lōʻihi o 7 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia pū me lākou e ka manu e hōʻeha i kahi mea ku e mai i ke kino o ka mea nāna e pepehi. A he mau kānaka ikaika maoli nā ʻaeto gula: hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i ka hana o 15-20 kilokileka ma ka lewa!

Ke hele mālie nei ʻo Golden Eagles ma ka lewa, e ʻimi ana i ka mea me ka nānā nui. Ke ʻike nei i kahi mea hiki ke hopu ʻia, huli koke nā mea i ka lele ma kahi lele wikiwiki, a laila e holo pū me nā ʻēheu ʻāpana. ʻAi lākou i nā mammals ma luna o ka ʻōpū, a hiki i nā manu ke hoʻokau a lawe aku. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka ʻaila gula me nā wāwae e hopu ai i ka mea i make ma hope o ke poʻo, a ʻo ka lua o ka hope o ke kua e hāhai ai i ka kuʻina. ʻAʻohe kūpono o nā ʻenemi.

Ka nahesa ʻokiʻoki

Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa i ke kaiapuni, maʻamau i nā ʻāpana he nui o ka honua. Hiki i kēia ʻōpala me nā ʻano kuʻuna o Siberian taiga a me nā ʻāpana o Kazakhstan, a ma nā wao nahele ʻo Iran a me Afghanistan. I nā mauna mauna o kā mākou hui hui mua e pili ana i ka ʻĀina ʻAmelia, Azerbaijan a me Georgia. Noho pū kekahi i nā māla o Kina.ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona he hiʻohiʻona nani a me nā kala a me nā kala a me nā kala o ke kino o kēia ʻano.

He hina hina ka hiʻohiʻona ākea me nā wahi ʻeleʻele. Paʻa ka ʻili a ke kino a he wahi ala maikaʻi hoʻi i ka hoʻopā, nā ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā unahi ma kona ʻili. ʻO kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kēia amphibian mai nā nahele ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nahesa kino 1,5 - 1,8 mika. ʻAʻole hākia a palekana loa no nā kānaka.

Manaʻo nui ia i kahi kai aku a ma nā lālā lāʻau. Makemake ʻo lākou e noho i nā kahe o nā kumulāʻau, nā pali pōhaku a me nā minks i lalo. Māluʻu maikaʻi a hōʻuluʻulu maikaʻi. Mālama ia i ka sunbats i ka wā ke anuanu, e loaʻa ana i ka ikaika e pono ai a me ka wela. Aia ka peʻe wela.

E alakaʻi ana i ka nohona maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me nā reptile āpau no ka hoʻoilo, e kū ana kēia ma Kepakemapa - Nowemapa, e hilinaʻi ana i ka noho maʻamau a me nā kūlana o ka wā.

ʻO ka nahesa, e like me ka aneane āpau, he ʻuʻuku. Holoʻo ia i nā rodents, nāhesa a me nā manu. ʻAʻole e make a make, pepehi ʻo ia iā lākou ma mua o ka make. He lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa ʻo Snake a e komo pū me nā kīʻaha iʻa ma kāna menu.

Aole no hoi e hoowahawaha i na iniseti. Ma ka leʻaleʻa ua ʻai ʻo ia i nā hua manu, ʻapī nui iā lākou. Aia pinepine nā hihia i ka cannibalism (ʻai i kāu ʻano ponoʻī).

Hoʻolaha ka wai

No ka ʻohana hamster ka wai hamster. Ua loaʻa kona inoa no ka mea e noho kokoke ana i nā wahi wai - ma nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā loko. I ka wā kai, ua pale kēia holoholona holoholona i ka wai, makemake ʻole e noho i nā wahi nahele a me nā māla lāʻau.

Noho ka noho ʻana ma kēia wahi a puni o Lūkia - ʻo ka ʻokoʻa kahi o ka Far East, ka Far North a me Eastern Siberia. Ma ke kaona o Eurasia ua māhele ʻia i kahakai o ke Kaiʻula. No ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka hale, eli ia i nā lua, a laila e hōʻino ʻia i nā māla a me nā māla lāʻau.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ke kāʻei a hiki i 25 kenimika, hiki i ka huakaʻi ke noho i ka hapalua o kēia lōʻihi. He kino kino ke koʻokoʻo ka rodent a me kahi muzzle pōkole pōkole. Uku mānoanoa ka huluhulu a ʻike ʻole ʻia nā pepeiao i lalo o ia. ʻO ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo kahi kala hina. ʻO ka lihi o ka holoholona me ka lauoho pōkole a paʻakikī.

Hoʻomai ka wai vole i nā ʻuala wai o nā mea kanu, lāʻau lāʻau, nā ʻōpala, a me nā mea kanu huaʻai - ʻo kahi kolone nui o kēia mau rodents e hiki ai ke luku i ka huaʻai, no ka mea, ua ʻai kēia mau mea ʻai i ka nui o nā meaʻai. Pau pū lākou i nā kumulāʻau, e ʻai mau ana i ka ʻili i ke kumu o ka lāʻau. ʻO kēia mau mea hana hao, e hōʻeha ʻia ana ka pōʻino nui o ka ʻāina mahiai, e kaua ana. ʻAʻole kaulana nui nā poʻomanaʻo, no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino i nā mea kanu. Ma nā ʻāpana nui, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea repile ultrasonic rodent, nā ʻano waiwai a pau. Hoʻohana pinepine nā poʻe nona nā kīhāpai liʻiliʻi i nā mākē hakakā e hakakā ai.

Altai pika

ʻO Vibrissas ma Altai pikas o ka lōʻihi ma waena (50-65 mm). Hoʻololi like ka ʻano manuahi me ka nui a me ke kāʻei. ʻO ke kauwela kauwela o ke kua o nā aniani o nā ʻulaʻula a me nā kala, ke hoʻoilo - mai ke kala i ka hina, i loaʻa ai nā loeaʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ka ʻōpū me ke koʻi ʻala. ʻAhuʻula ʻia nā ʻaleʻele i ka huluhulu brown brown. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻo 170-250 mm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae hope he 24-35 mm. Ka loli ka lōʻihi o ka ʻami o 39 a 58 mm.

He pokole ke mua o ka ʻūlū. ʻO ka pālahalaha o ka iwi ʻulaʻula he pālahalaha a ākea (4.2-6.0 mm, ka awelika o 12% o ka lōʻihi o ka ʻihi. Uhaʻu ʻia ka pahu lolo. ʻO nā pōkole o nā molars he pōkole Ka uhi ʻia o ka opener e nā kihi o nā iwi intermaxillary, pani ʻia ka palatine a me ka wehe i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia.

ʻO ke koikoi ʻo semi-fossil i ʻike ʻia mai ka ana ʻo Hole "ma ka muliwai." ʻO Chusovoy, i.e., ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka hoʻoili hou ʻana o kēia ʻano ma kēia ʻano i ka Ural Range.

Loaʻa ka ʻili pika ʻālaʻi i nā mauna mauna, ma ka char a ma ke anā o ke taiga, ʻae loa i mua o nā kahe o nā pōhaku nui. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Siberia, kahi mau pili o ka pikas i pili ʻole i ka pili ʻana i nā wahi pōhaku.Hana ʻia i nā manawa nui o nā koloni nui. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoilo ʻia i nā lau o ka mauʻu no ka hoʻoilo, waiho lākou iā lākou ma lalo o nā pōhaku a i ʻole i nā pali i ʻoki ʻia. He leo koʻikoʻi e ka leo e nā mea nānā a me kahi kani lāʻau. Aia ka ʻikepili ma kahi e hoʻohuli ai.

ʻ Grleloʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a kahi kalaʻeleʻele

He māmela ka ʻeleʻele i culi ʻia mai ka ʻohana squirrel o rodents. Ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona ʻo ka oriental a i kā Kamchatka marmot.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka marmot ʻeleʻele e hōʻea i 540 mm. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka marmot kaila i kapa ʻia i ka 28% o ka lōʻihi o kona kino.

I nā manu o Lūkia, ʻoi loa ka nui o nā ʻano makahi o nā marmots. Palalulu ka lole, mālie a lōʻihi. ʻEleʻele ka kala o ke kino o luna ma muli o nā ʻeleʻele-ʻona o ka lauoho o waho. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino i ka ocher-rust a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻoka.

ʻO ka hulu hulu ka ʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻohui pinepine ka hulu ma ke kua o ke kua i nā ʻulaʻula ulaula. Paʻi ʻia ka poʻo pono o ke poʻo i ka ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO nā kumu o ka vibrissae a me nā papalina ka māmā, i kekahi manawa me ka tinge ʻulaʻula. ʻUlaʻula nā pepeiao, ua ʻeleʻele ʻia nā wahiʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka, nāʻeleʻele o nā lehelehe. ʻEleʻele ka hiʻu ma lalo nei, a ʻo ka piko o ka ʻāpana o ke kua.

Ma kahi kolana marmot, maʻamau ka maʻamau o 4-5 mau makahiki he iwakālua, ma kahi o 10 mau lau o ka ʻalaʻeleʻele (waʻa), a me kahi puʻu hoʻoilo. Aia nā kolana ma ke kahawai hema a me nā kahe o ka ʻulu kahawai o nā mauna, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 4200 mika ma luna o ke kai. Aia nā keʻena a me nā ʻāpana o ka lua hoʻoilo ma ka hohonu ma ka palapala o ka ʻāina e hoʻokaʻawale. Hoʻomoe ʻia ke ʻano o kēia ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo i ka -16 ° C, a i ke kauwela ua wela ia i ka lōʻihi o + 2 ° C. ʻO ke kauwela, ʻo ka hoʻomehana hoʻoluʻu maikaʻi loa o nā neʻe e hoʻonaninani ʻia e kā lākou lehulehu a me kekahi helu nui o nā puka mai ka lua. Ma kahi kokoke i nā papa e kūleʻa ai ka lepo 40-50 cm ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ke hana nei nā marmots i nā kiʻi hoʻoluʻu o nā pā o ka lumi hoʻokalakupua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kāwele o ka mauʻu maloʻo a me ka honua.

Hemo pu

He lālā liʻiliʻi ʻo Roe deer me nā deer me ke kino nani, he helehelena nani a me nā pepeiao lōʻihi. ʻO ka hapanui o ka makahiki, mālama ʻia ka roe deer a pūʻulu liʻiliʻi paha. I ka wā pāʻani o ka moe ʻana, hoʻokani ke kāne i ka moʻomeheu, hahai i ka wahine, e holo ana i ka pōʻai.

Mālama ʻia nā mele a nā manu he ʻumi a he mau holoholona. Hoʻomaʻo loa lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ka lā o ka lā - i kēlā me kēia manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o nā ululāʻau i hoʻopuni ʻia a hoʻāla ʻia a me nā kihi, akā i nā pā, nā puʻu, nā kihi hela a me nā ulu lāʻau koniferous.

Ma ka liʻiliʻi me ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka ʻoni ʻoni i ke poʻo a nānā pono iā ia i kahi e hiki mai ai nā leo pīhoihoi, aʻo kona mau pepeiao i laila ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā kāne wale nō kā nā pepeiaohao. Hōʻike ʻia nā pepeiao me ʻekolu mau kaʻina hana i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola o nā kāne. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola o ka holoholona a hōʻea lākou i ka holo piha.

Ua loaʻa nā ʻōiwi ʻōpio i nā ʻili kūleʻa palu i kāʻili ʻia e ka ʻoiō o nā kahe koko. I ka pūnāwai, ke kani nei nā pepeiaohao, a ʻimi ke kāne e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou i ka ʻili o ka ʻili, e lūlū iā lākou ma luna o nā ʻala a me nā lālā lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻulea manuahi ʻo Roe ma ka wanaʻao i kakahiaka a i ke kakahiaka. ʻAʻai nui ʻo ia i ka nahele, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma nā lau o nā lāʻau. Hāpai ka holoholona i ka meaʻai me nā incisors haʻahaʻa a me kahi ʻōmole haʻahaʻa a paʻakikī i luna (i loko o nā ruminants, ua hala ʻole nā ​​incisors luna), a kuʻi wale iā ia.

I ka wā lulu, ke lilo ka mauʻu, ʻai nui ka ʻae i nā huaʻai a me nā hua lāʻau ʻē aʻe (acorns, chestnuts, blueberries, sea buckthorn, hua beech). Hoʻohui ia, ʻo kāna papa o ka hoʻoilo e pili ana i ka acorns, a me ka rutabaga a me nā hua lāʻau āpau e ulu ana i nā māla - a hiki i ka lau ʻōpiopio mua i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻāina i ka pūnāwai. I ka wā o nā homa nui, ua hānai nā kahe i nā lālā ʻōpio mai nā kumulāʻau.

MaʻEulopa, nohona nā kānaka ʻōiwi hānai he nui wale a hoʻololi wale i nā wahi hana. I ka hoʻoilo, koho lākou i nā wahi hoʻoheheʻe liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mau lāʻau me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Ke neʻe nei nā ʻōiwi e noho ana i nā kuahiwi. I ka hoʻoilo, iho lākou i lalo o nā ʻāpana o nā kuahiwi, kahi a lākou i loaʻa ai nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.

Kāke

ʻO Sable kahi holoholona makehewa me ka hulu manu fluffy, kahi waiwai holoholona hānai. ʻO kēia holoholona kekahi o nā "ʻohana" pili loa o ka pine marten - ka mea like me ka helehelena ke ʻano like, he ʻāpana o kā lākou hana. ʻO ka huelo, he mea kupanaha loa i ka nahele a i ʻole ka marten pōhaku, ma kēia holoholona he mea wale nō i ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Akā, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke ola, no nā kānaka ʻaʻole ia he mea nui loa, no ka mea, he waiwai nui ka sable.

ʻAʻole ʻo Sable ka nui o ka momi manu nui loa. Nā hiʻohiʻona o kona mau hiʻohiʻona:

• ʻo 40-58 ka loa o ke kino o ka pākeke, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne.
• ʻO ka paona o ka holoholona e pili ana i 2 kg,
• he poʻo nunui ka poʻo o ka pū, ka nānā nui ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā mākaukau, nui nā pepeiao, he laulā, he laulā ka ʻaoʻao.
• ko ka liiki o na holoholona, ​​he pupuu, a no keia nana ke kua o kona kua, he hiwahiwa okoa,
• ua pālahalaha nā wāwae i ke kūpaʻa, ʻoi loa nā pubescent (ʻoi loa hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo, ke uhi nei ka hulu i nā ʻū a me nā ʻūhā), i pili pū me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka sable.

ʻO ka lulu o ka holoholona maloʻo, fluffy, mānoʻo. He kala monotonous ke kala - ʻeleʻele ka palahalaha ma ke kino, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ma nā wāwae a me ke kuʻekuʻe, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma ka poʻo ma mua o ke kino. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻeleʻele ka hulu, i ke kauwela heʻeleʻele, no laila ke ʻano nui kona leo nui mai nā melemele-sandy a brownish-ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻānō i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻili, aia wale nō i kekahi mau kānaka i kēia manawa a he wahi ʻula, kūpono i kahi helehelena a me kahi kala māmā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kala nui o ka hulu.

ʻAʻole holoholona a manu hānai manu no sable i meaʻai. Akā aia kāna mau mea hoʻokūkū ʻelua i ka wā o ka hopu - nā kolamu a me ka ermine. Me lākou, ke kaʻana like i ka sable i nā koikoi like-me nā mea ʻono nona. No laila, inā e hālāwai ia me kekahi o kēia mau mea hoʻopihapiha, a no laila, i mea e pepehi ai i ka "hoaaloha" makemake ʻole ʻia, ua waiho ke kīleʻale i kāna mea kaua e kali ʻia a hoʻoliu i ka manaʻo o ka ʻenemi.

ʻO Sig ka iʻa o ka ʻohana Salmon. Noho ʻelua mau subspesies ma Baikal - Sig-pyzhyan a me nā keʻokeʻo ʻo Baikal. Ka ʻokoʻa lākou i ka helu o nā stam gill a me ka helu o nā unahi i ka laina ma hope. ʻO Sig-pyzhyan ka ʻano loko o ka wai a waiho i ke ola i ka neʻe mau ʻana. Nā hoaʻai i nā kahawai, a hele i ka loko. Baikal keʻokeʻo - ka palena loko, ka hele a me nā manina i ka Lake Baikal.

Ua hoʻomāhele ʻia ʻo Whitefish ma ka loko o Baʻalika Baikal, akā ʻo ka nui o nā iʻa e noho ana ma nā wai Barguzinsky, Chayyrkuisky, ma nā wai pāpaku Selenginsky a me nā Kai liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka paona o keʻokeʻo i hōʻea 10 kg. ʻO ka noho koko ma ka loko o ka wai o ka wai loko o nā wai kahe, e lilo nā kāne i nā kāne i ka lima a i ka ʻeono, a ʻo ka wahine hoʻi i ka hiku a ʻewalu makahiki o ke ola. Lilo ka loko loko i loko o ka makahiki ʻewalu o ke ola. E hoʻopiʻi ka palu 35 a 35 tausani.
E hele ʻo Sig-pyzhyan i ka lele mai i nā muliwai mai ʻAukake a ʻOkakopa, ke keʻokeʻo ʻo Baikal e kīloi ai i nā kahua i ke awāwa ʻo Chivyrkuisky a hiki i ke Kahuna ʻo Mukhor i Kepakemapa. Hoʻopau nā spawning i nā 2 mau mahina.

ʻAi ʻia ka iʻa keʻokeʻo ma nā mollusks, ma lalo o nā gammarids, crustaceans, larvae pepeke, a me nā iʻa keiki ʻōpio.

Lenok

He lawaiʻa ʻohana ʻohana ʻo Lenok. Hāʻawi ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Baikal a me kāna poʻe lawe.

Ma nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua hiki ka nui o ka iʻa ma 2 kg, a he ʻumikumamālima - 5-6 kg. ʻO ka nui o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia, kau ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 kg a hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi. Kālea ʻo Lenok i ka wā ākea i ka makahiki ʻeono a ʻehiku mau makahiki me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻo 43-46 cm, ke kaupaona ʻana o 700-1000 g. ʻO ka palupalu i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka makahiki a me ka nui o ka wahine a me ka umauma mai 3 a 12 mau tausani hua. Aia ʻo Lekikona no ka ʻeʻe ʻana i loko o nā kahawai e kahe ana i ka loko o Baikal. Hoʻopuka ka spawning i ka Mei-Iune ma nā wahi me ka lepo stony-pebble, ma kahi mahana wai o 2.5-9 ° C. ma ka hohonu o ka 0.5-1.5 m.ka o ka ʻai o ka iʻa pākeke ka nui o nā inisini, gammarids, caviar a me nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi, i kekahi manawa e ʻai ana ʻo lenok i kahi wai liʻiliʻi a me nā kiʻi ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia i ka wai.

Taimen

Ka ʻona laona maʻamau, a i ʻole Siberian - iʻa ka huaʻōlelo Taimen o ka ʻohana Salmon. Mahele ʻia i ka holo moana. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka iʻa o ka iʻa he 2 mika, ʻo ke kaumaha ma luna o 80 kg. He hana kuʻuna maʻamau ʻo Taimen. E hānai ia i nā iʻa, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi hoʻi i ka make ʻole i ka wai. E hōʻea i nā wā poperty ma ka makahiki o 5-6 mau makahiki. I ka wai wai, ua piʻi ka iʻa ma ke poʻo o nā kahawai e kahe ana i ka loko o Baikal Baikal, moe nā wahine i nā hua i loko o nā ʻuʻuku. ʻO ka uluʻana o kahi wahine wahine a hiki i ka 30 tausani mau hua.

Davatchan

ʻO Davatchan ka nohona o ka iʻa o ka ʻohana Salmonidae. Noho ia ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau o Lake Baikal, ma ka hapa o ke kai ʻo Frolikh a ma nā wahi kapakai mai ka muliwai Totma a hiki i Upper Angara, a ʻo ka loko hoʻi o Lake. Frolikha, mai kahi kahawai e ʻike nei i loko o ka loko o Baikalikal. ʻO kahi kahi hoʻohālikelike ia o ka hana Arctic. Hiki i ka iʻa ka lōʻihi o 45 cm. Maʻa ke piʻi i 1 kg. ʻO Puberty i ka makahiki ʻeono. Fertility o nā wahine mai 350 - 1300 hua.