ʻO ka apistogram o ramirezi he ʻelele kuleana o ka ʻohana cichlid. ʻO nā wahi i kumu ai: nā muliwai o Orinaco a me Amazon. Ma nā nohona kūlohelohe, he kahawai nāwaliwali o ka wai. Nui nā pana ʻole i nā inoa o ka iʻa. ʻO ka inoa Latin kahi microgeophagus ramirezi, ʻike ʻia hoʻi i ka apistogram o Ramirez, pōpō cichlid, pōpō chromis.
Kāleka
ʻO ke kino o ke apistogram e nānā i ka oval. Ua liʻiliʻi ka iʻa ma ka nui: a hiki i 5 cm ma ka aquarium, ma ke kūlohelohe - a hiki i 8 cm. Kānana ke kala, ʻōuli ʻulaʻula, ʻoliva a me nā kala kala. Ma ke kino, poʻo a me nā puʻu aia kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kala pona. Aia ke kapa o nā kala ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū. He kiʻekiʻe nā paleke. ʻEleʻele nā kumu mua o ka moni dorsal. He mau maka ʻulaʻula nui nā kukupu.
ʻĀnō ke ola
I nā kūlana maikaʻi a ma nā 26 degere, ola ʻo ramirezi a hiki i 4 mau makahiki. Ma 27-30 mau degere e ola a hiki i ka 3 mau makahiki. I ka wai anuanu, hiki ke maʻalahi lākou i nā maʻi, no laila e hoʻolaʻa ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i nā manawa o nā pōkiʻi.
ʻO ka mākeke ke nānā aku i ka nānā kūlohelohe o ka ramirezi a me nā ʻano hoʻoulu. ʻO ka maluhia e hoʻonui ai i ka apistogram kūlohelohe.
Pūnaewele Electrician
He ʻāpana saturated ka apistogram, ʻulaʻula ka ʻaoʻao o mua. ʻO ka ikaika o nā kala ramisti apistogram e hilinaʻi ana i nā kūlana o ka paʻa a me ka māmā. Nā pua ʻona. Noho ai 2 mau makahiki. A ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi ʻo neʻe ramirezi uliuli neon.
Kauā
Koho maikaʻi ʻana o ka palu ʻo Ramirez. ʻO ka kala kala a me nā pākū lōʻihi ke lilo i ia iʻa iʻa maikaʻi loa. Hoʻopili i nā wahiʻeleʻele, ulaula, poni a me ka melemele e noho ma ke kino. Ua mālama ʻia kekahi mau laina ʻano o nā poʻina neon.
Polio
Ma ka lalo, e kau i ke one a i ʻōpala maikaʻi, nā apistograms e ʻeli i kekahi manawa. Hiki i nā mea ākea a me nā pōhaku nui ke hōʻeha i ka iʻa.
Ke koi nei nā kukupa no ka maikaʻi o ka wai. Hāʻawi i ka wai maʻemaʻe i ka iʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka turbidity a me ka loli koi i nā ʻāpana. I ka hale kai aku 40-80 L, e hoʻololi i ka ʻāpana o ka wai 1-2 mau manawa i ka hebedoma e 10-15%. I loko o nā pahu kahe, mālama i ka loli ʻana i ka wai iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi i ka hebedoma. Mai ʻae i ka ikaika o ka wai.
aloha | 5-5 dGH (wai palomaʻa) |
kaonaʻā | 6.5-7.5 ph |
ka wai wai | 26-30 degere |
Mālamalama
ʻO ka apistogram iʻa hoʻomālamalama i ka mālamalama. Koho i nā kukui overhead ʻoluʻolu e ʻoluʻolu no ka iʻa a me nā mea kanu. E paʻa i ke kukui ʻole e wela i ka wai nui. Hōʻike ka kala o nā iʻa iā lākou iho i ka mālamalama o ke anuanu o ka laulima. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi kukui kūikawā e hoʻonui ai i ka kala. Hōʻalo i nā kukui incandescent, ʻo kā lākou hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka wela ʻole i kūpono no ka aquarium me nā apistograms.
Nā mea kanu
E hana i nā wahi i pale ʻia me nā mea kanu naha:
ʻO kahi pūpuna me nā apistograms i nā mea kanu. E hāʻawi i nā makemake i nā mea uliuli:
ʻO nā mea ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula (ludwig, cryptocoryne) he mau mea ʻole loa, me kā lākou ʻuʻupu kīwī e nānā iki ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka hoʻokele Habitat
E kau i nā mea e pono ai:
- kānana o waho a i ʻole kahi kānana
- compressor
- hoʻomehana
He pou i hōʻike ʻia e Aquarium Speciaalzaak Utaka (@utakaamersfoort) ma Mei 15, 2018 ma 1:55 pm PDT
E kau i kekahi mau ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele pōpō ma luna o ka ʻāina no ka spawning. E hoʻokō i nā mea like me ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, hoʻohui i nā alder cones, nā lau almond a me nā aʻa lāʻau. Pēlā pū e like me nā hoʻonani:
Hōʻalo i nā mea kila e hoʻololi i ka ʻano hana o ka wai.
Pākuʻi pipi kupu piha
- wiki wai hoano,
- ʻike wai,
- lepo siphon
- he meaʻai ʻaʻai
- ʻike kūʻokoʻa manawa a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi,
- mālama i nā ʻōhua wai paʻa.
Hoʻohui i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lepo i nā loli wai wai hebedoma. Hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻokahi pule, e ana i ka ammonia me nā hōʻike o ka wai.
Hānai
Hoʻopopoke nā kukupa i ka overeing, no laila e hānai i ka iʻa e like me ka ʻai ma ka 5 mau minuke. Ma hope o ka hānai, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kīnāwī ʻole. ʻO ka iʻa omnivorous e hiki iā ʻoe ke hana iā lākou i kahi meaʻai ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka momona a me ka meaʻai ola e kūpono:
ʻO nāʻanoʻokoʻa me ka meaʻai meaʻai:
- nā pale lima
- ʻiliʻili
- kāpiki
- kukama
- ʻoki ʻaihue.
E hoʻohana i ka meaʻai maloʻo ma ke ʻano he meaʻaiʻai i kāu meaʻai.
Maʻi maʻi
Pae a kū ʻole a paʻa ʻole paha i nā ʻāpana ʻĀina i alakaʻi i nā maʻi i ka iʻa pōpoki:
- iilikakaumoumia (semolina),
- hexamitosis
- piʻi
- lymphocystosis
- nā mea ʻala ʻole me ka ammonia, chlorine,
- hoʻoili ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā maʻi me nā kūlana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a me nā hoʻomākaukau mai ka hale kūʻai holoholona. ʻO kahi meaʻokoʻa wale nō ka iʻa iʻa ka mea i makaʻala ʻia me ka lāʻau a me ka hopena o ka waiū B6 (e hoʻolaʻa i kēlā me 20 mau wai o ka wai). Hoʻopopono nā Apistograms i ka hoʻonāukiuki a me ka maʻi o ka gastrointestinal tract ma muli o ka overeating.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Hiki i nā Apistograms i ka wā kamaliʻi i nā mahina 4-6, i ka wā e ulu ai lākou a hiki i 3 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOkoʻa nā kāne mai ka wahine:
- ʻoi aku ka nui
- kuhikuhi i ka dorsal hope, he lua a me nā kolu o ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi,
- ʻoi aku ka momona keu - he hōʻailona o ka makemake e hoʻokaʻawale,
- ʻōpū o ʻōpū, i ka wahine ʻo ia he raspberry.
Paele
ʻO ke kokoke loa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā puberty, e hoʻomaka ana nā kāne e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaona a kau i nā hakakā ʻole i mālama ʻole ʻia e ka ʻenekino kūikawā. He mea paʻakikī ke hāʻawi aku i ka iʻa me kahi kūpono kūpono. ʻO ka wahine a me ke kāne i noho pū ʻia, ʻaʻole paha e koho. No ka hana i kēia, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ʻohana o 6-10 kanaka. I ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā panalāʻau a me nā pāʻani pākeke, ʻelua mau ʻāpana iʻa.
Spawning
E kau i ka iʻu i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka aquarium spawning o 20 l a hana i nā kūlana i pono ai i loko.
- ka hele ana o na papa papa
- nā pua lāʻau
- ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana ma mua o ka aquarium laulā.
- dim māmā
- wai maʻemaʻe.
E hoʻololi pinepine i kou wai i ka nānā pinepine a nānā i kona ʻano. I ka wā hāpai, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā wahine i nā maʻi like ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo ka waiho ʻana o nā cichlids i nā hua i ka lehelehe wale, akā, i nā pā hale a me nā ʻōpala hoʻi. Hoʻopau kekahi wahine hāpai i nā hua he 50-400. Hoʻohana pinepine nā mākua i ka hua a mālama pono lākou, akā i kekahi manawa ke ʻai ʻana ka iʻa i ka caviar. Ma lalo o nā kūlana aku aku, ua pau ka haʻahaʻa o nā apistograms i kā lākou ʻano mea kanu makua. A laila hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā hua a hoʻoiho ʻia. Puka mai nā lolo mai nā hua ma hope o nā lā 2-4.
Fry
Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana i ka hua, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kahe i ka spawning. ʻO nā lā ʻelima mau lā ke hoʻomau nei ka kāne i ka pale i ka pīpī, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻi i ka wahine i ka aquarium maʻamau. E hānai i ka palaoa apistogram ramirezi:
- Palapala makahiki
- hopi
- cili
- puʻipaʻu
- mau meaʻai kūikawā.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai no kekahi ʻāpana e hilinaʻi i ka nui o ka iʻa.
Laki (cm) | Uka (Russian rubles) |
3 | 145–195 |
4 | 210 |
5 | 300 |
Hoike Mai
No nā aquarist like ʻole, hōʻike ka iʻa iā ia iho ma kāna ala ponoʻī. Hōʻike ka ʻike i nā pilina like ʻole i nā hoalauna o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Kekahi kuhi kekahi e noho ana ka apistogram i nā papa kiʻekiʻe a waena, wai ʻē aʻe ʻike pinepine kekahi i ka ʻai i ka lepo.
ʻLelo aʻo
- E koho i nā mea hoʻomehana aku a me ka mea kūpono aku. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke anuanu i 20 mau degere me ka mea e pani ʻia nā mea hana e alakaʻi i ka make o ka iʻa.
- I loko o nā hale hoʻonaʻauao liʻiliʻi, mālama i ka nui o ka pūʻulu o nā kāne a me ʻekolu mau wahine.
- Hāʻawi i kahi makemake i kahi kānana o waho, e kānana ia i ka wai i ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka maikaʻi.
- Me ka meaʻai ola, hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā parasit i loko o ka aquarium. E hoʻomau mau i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā meaʻai momona, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea manuahi e hoʻomake i nā mea makemake ʻole.
- Ke kūʻai nei i ka meaʻai no ramirezi, e nānā mau i ka lā hoʻopau. Pono ka manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao ma o ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe.
- Koho i kahi ʻōuli paʻa paʻa kū maikaʻi a me ka papa no ka pākōwai me nā pōpō pīpī. A laila, ʻaʻohe mea i haʻalele i ka nānā ʻana i nā iʻa ʻano hoihoi.
Holo wale ka iʻa ʻaʻole wale i nā inoa, akā nō hoʻi i loko o keʻano. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lolo apistogram i nipa pinepine ʻia e ka poʻe ʻepekema mai kekahi ʻano i kekahi ʻano ʻano. I ka wā mua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ramirezis i mau apistograms, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo microgeophaguses ma hope, a laila pseudo-histograms a me pseudo-geophaguses. Ma hope mai, lilo hou ʻo ramirezis i microgeophaguses.
Ka wehewehe ʻiwi
Kukū Apistogram ramirezi - iʻa liʻiliʻi - 5-7 cm.
ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kona kino kino ma mua o nā cichlids, i pīhoihoi iki a hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻOi fin kiʻekiʻe . Lō liʻiliʻi .
Aia ke kala i ka ʻano ʻokoʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka poli me nā aniani a me nā poni gula. He ʻulaʻula a me ka ihu o ke poʻo i ka waha.
Kūkulu ʻia nā wahi pōkole ma ke poʻo a me ke kua, hana i kekahi mau kaula liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa pinepine kekahi o lākou i ka maka. Aia nā wahi kulu-ʻulaʻula me ke kino a me nā pua.
Ke hōʻike nei ke kiʻi o nā apistograms o ramirezi i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka nani o nā ʻano kūlohelohe a me nā mea kīpī:
Loaʻa ka pulu ʻeke poloka , ʻulaʻula kala me kahi kāmele lahilahi, ʻulaʻula me ka ulaula pōkole o nā palahala a hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā poni ʻeleʻele.
ʻO Ramistrez Apistogram uliuli kukuikukui uliuli e huli ana i ka ʻulaʻula i ka poʻo a me ka poni a ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa, ʻuʻoki ke ulu aʻoi aʻe ma mua o 2.5 cm.
Loaʻa i ka gula ke kala ʻulaʻula me nā polū uliuli ma ka huelo a me nā ʻaoʻao. I nā kāne, ʻalani nā kala.
Veil apistogram ramirezi ʻokoʻa ma ka helu o nā kala : ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, uliuli, ʻulaʻula, violet, ʻoliva, uliuli nā uliuli i hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o kona kino a me nā palahala. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia kala ʻenemi e nā ʻāpana o ke kala ʻeleʻele a me ka uliuli polū.
ʻO ke kūlohelohe, noho lākou ma nā loko wai hāmeʻa hou.
No kahi nohona kūpono, ʻo ka mea nui e mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
Nā Manaʻo a Aku Aku
No kekahi mau iʻa i makemake ʻia ʻoe me ka aquarium me ka nui o aole e emi malalo o 30 lita . ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo i hoʻomaka i hoʻokahi pōkākūkā pōpoki, no ka mea, ua ʻoluʻolu lākou a loaʻa i ka ʻelua o lākou.
ʻO kahi koi he mea hoʻonaninani maikaʻi a filtration.
Hoʻokahi manawa ma ka hebedoma e pono ai e hana i kahi hoʻololi wai i ka nui a hiki i 25%.
ʻAʻohe mea e pono e uhi i ka aquarium.
ʻAʻole pono ʻo Apistogram ramirezi i nā wahi e pono ai, no laila hiki iā lākou ke kau ʻia i kahi liʻiliʻi a wale nō no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana.
Pono nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kekahi.
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo e haʻalele i kahi nui no ka ʻauʻau ʻana, no ka mea he ikaika ka iʻa.
ʻAʻohe mea i koi no ka kukui, akā ua kuhikuhi kekahi mau aquarist e kau i kahi kukui e hoʻonui ai i ka kala no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nani o ka ramisti apistograms.
Ke kūleʻa ʻo Ramistrez apistogram i ka iʻa ʻē aʻe
ʻOiai ke kaulana nei o cichlids no kā lākou ʻano hana ʻino loa, ʻo ka ramirezi apistograms i hui maluhia me ka ʻoka o nā iʻa a pau, mai hana hewa i ka holoholona.
ʻAʻole kūpono e paʻa ramirezi me ka turquo o Akara, iʻa, melanotenia boeseman a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka iʻa ʻehu, me ka ʻohana o ke gula āpau, ʻaʻole kūpono no ka cohabitation.
He hoalauna kūpono : neon, tetra, afiosemion o ka māla, zebrafish, hoʻopoina hoʻopoina, ʻalā ʻulaʻula, mala iʻa, discus, parakeets a me nā kakalaioa.
ʻO Apistograms o ramirezi ʻaʻole wale nō e hōʻeha i nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ka aku , akā naʻe i nā mea kanu, no laila he kūpono no nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
E like me nā cichlids ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka hoʻouka ʻana ma loko o nā ʻano he mea like ʻole, akā, he hōʻike kēia ʻano ʻano like ʻole i nā hopena koʻikoʻi.
ʻO wai ka mea Lūkini Bolivian e kūlike me?
ʻO Apistogram Ramirezi kahi cichlid maluhia kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi nā wahi noho nona: nā ola ola, lawe ʻia, tetras, neons, swordsmen, zebrafish, tunoa, catfish maluhia, lalius, gourami, angelfish, discus, a me nā cichlids maluhia hoʻi. ʻAʻole eli ʻo Ramirezi a hoʻopaʻa i ka lāʻau o nā mea kanu aku, kahi hiki iā ia ke hoʻokomo i loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe o ka pōpoki chromis, ʻoiai kahi liʻiliʻi, he cichlid, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka intraspecific agresy a me ka hakakā ʻana no ka ʻāina. No laila, ʻo ka aquarium ke kūpono o ka nui kūpono.
ʻĀnō ke ola
I loko o ka mea kanu me ka mahana o ka wai o 25 mau kekona, e noho ka apistogram no nā makahiki 4 paha, a me ka wai, ka mahana o kahi o 27-28 tikela, ʻo 2-3 mau wale nō makahiki. Ke koho ʻana i nā hoalauna, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i ke kīkī chromis makemake i ka wai mahana, no laila pono hoʻi ke aloha aloha. Ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka mahana wai, hoʻomaka lākou e hōʻeha iā ichthyophthyroidism (semolina).
Nā kūlana ʻai:
- I ka ielima, pono kahi anoter a e kānana.
- I kēlā me kēia pule, hoʻihoʻi i ka lepo a hoʻololi i 25% o ka wai.
- ʻAʻole lele ka mokulele Bolivian, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi i ka pākōwai me kahi uhi.
- E like me ke kukui ʻana, pono ʻoe e kau i kahi kukui kūikawā e hoʻonui i ka kala o ka iʻa. Hiki iā ia ke kukui Marin Glo.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā mea kanu i ka loko.
- Aia no ka hoʻolālā, a laila hoʻohana i nā grottoes, driftwood, nā pōhaku. ʻO ka mea nui ka pono o kēia wahi āpau a loaʻa i ka wahi i lawa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā holoholona.
He aha nā meaʻai apistograms e ʻai ai?
Ke kūlohelohe nei, ʻai nā mania chromis i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi e hiki ai nā mea kanu ke loaʻa i ka lepo. Pono e hānai aku i ka iʻa meʻokiʻoki me ke kahe koko, nā māhu brine, ka puna tubule, a me ka corvette. ʻAe maikaʻi lākou i ka cereals a me nā granule, a i kekahi manawa hōʻole ʻole lākou iā lākou. Hoʻomaʻomaʻo ka mālie o ka iʻa, e hōʻoia ʻo ia i ka manawa no ka ʻai, ʻoiai inā he mau iʻa like ʻole e like me ka zebrafish i ka aquarium.
ʻO ka ulu ʻōpio me nā wahi i hemahema i nā ʻaoʻao
ʻO nā kūlike a me ka hoʻoulu
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka spankning apistogram, lilo nā kāne i ka ʻulaʻula. ʻAnoʻula ka ʻōpū o ka kāne, a ʻo ka wahine, ʻo ia ka ʻōpala. I kahi kāne, ʻeleʻele a elongated nā hihi mua o ka dorsal fin, he 2-3 mau minuke ke lōʻihi o ka wahine. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka wahine, i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi pōkole. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā leka ma mua o nā wahine. Hiki i ka iʻa ma ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki o 4-6 mau mahina. Eia kekahi, 3 cm ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino.
Hoʻomaopopo i ka palaualelo o ka iʻa, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā hua i waiho ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻi lākou e mālama. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, pono ʻoe e koho pono i nā mea hana. E hui pū nā kāne i hana ʻia i ka wā o ko lākou wā hānau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohoka i ka iʻa i loko o ka aquarium me ka nui o 15 lita. Ma ka lalo e pono ai e waiho i nā one o kahi hapa nui, nā pōhaku me kahi laulā. E kau i nā mea kanu i ka mea kanu. E ninini i ka 8-10cm o ka wai, hana i ka holo nāwaliwali. ʻO ka wai, he 0.1-0.3 mau pūʻulu nui aʻe he nui a me ka 1-2 kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohama ʻia ma mua o kahi hale kīwaha.
E hoʻomaka i ka spawning i ka hiki ke hiki, hoʻohui i ka wai māhu hou i ka spawning i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka wā spawning, e lele ka wahine mai 50 a 400 mau hua ma ka pālahalaha ākea. Ke waiho ʻia ka caviar, pono ke mālama ʻia nā kāne a me ka wahine. Hoʻomau pinepine lākou i nā hua, ʻai maikaʻi, a hiki ke neʻe ke koena mai kahi aku a kahi i kēia wahi.
Ma hope o 45-80 mau hola (pili ia i ka mahana wai i ka spawning), hele mai nā ahe o nā butterfly Bolivian. No nā lā 5-7 i ʻai lākou iā lākou iho mai loko o ka ʻeke kīnā. ʻO nā lā mua, ʻaʻole neʻe ka palu, a laila hui ʻia ke kāne iā lākou. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, e lilo i huaʻai i ka palaoa. I kēia manawa, noho ʻia nā mākua. A hoʻomaka ka ʻōpala e hānai i ka pala ma ka ʻai a ola.
Kaʻuʻikepili o Apistograms Ramirezi i ka aquarium
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ke ʻano maluhia o ka iʻa e ʻae iā lākou e mālama ʻia i loko o ka hale kau me ka nui o 25-30 lita no kēlā me kēia pākahi, a me nā kamaʻāina kūʻokoʻa. Pono e koho ʻia nā Aquariums me kahi ʻāpana haʻahaʻa nui, e like me Apistograms Ramireziakā naʻe, e like me nā cichlids āpau i haʻi ʻia he teritoriality (ʻoi loa hoʻi i ka wā hānau).
Hani ʻAi Apistogram Ramirezi
Pono ka hoʻōla o ka hale aku i ka loko maikaʻi o ka iʻa. ʻO nā mea ola ola o kekahi mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻulaʻula ulaula e like me: ludvigia, rotala, cryptocoryns ʻaʻole pono. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻino i ka lalo ma lalo o nā pōhaku poʻomanaʻo nui i hana ʻia o ke ʻano nui a hina hina paha a me kahi ʻano paʻakai nani.
Pono ke kukui a nani ke kukui. Pono e waiho i nā kukui e like me ka kokoke o ke aniani ʻike i hiki. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi he mea koʻikoʻi nā mea hoʻonaninani no ka iʻa, akā mai ka manawa o ke ʻano o nā aesthetics, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka pono i nā kukui me ke ʻano anu anu o ke kahe, e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā turquoise, sapphire a me nā emerald shade i ka kala o nā apistograms. I loko o ka hale kanu he pono nā wahi e noho ai nā iʻa e hūnā. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hoʻonohonoho i kēia, me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe me ka lau ākea: echinodorus, nymphaea a me nā mea like. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana e like me nā pistii a i ʻole eichhoria ʻaʻole i mea nui ʻia.
I nā ʻōlelo e pono ai nā mea hana, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i ke koho o ka mea hoʻomehana a me kahi kānana. Pono ka mea mua e lawa ka hoʻomehana i ka wai i nā waiwai kūpono no kēia mau iʻa i 24-30 ° C. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia i ka wai me kahi mahana haʻahaʻa Apistograms Ramirezi ʻAʻole lākou i ola, akā e lilo ia i mea mālamalama loa a ʻoi aku ka nui loa i ka wai mahana.
ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka mea iʻoi aku i kēia kūlana ke kūpono o ka mea hoʻomehana. No laila, e hoʻomoʻi i ka wai i ka 20-22 ° C, ma muli o kahi mea wela e hū ai, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make o ka poʻe noho o nā mea kanu ʻano. No laila, pono e hāʻawi i ka makemake i ke ʻano o nā mea hana i hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia, e like me: "Jager", "Rena" a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopili i ka hana ma kahi aquarium me Apistograms Ramirezi e nānā ʻia ma muli o kēia aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole makemake ka iʻa i ka wai lepo, no laila, pono ka kānana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana o ka mīkini. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili o nā huahana waiwai nui e hoʻopōʻino i ko lākou helehelena, a inā iʻoi aku ka nui o nā maʻamau i ʻae ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi i kā lākou make. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā wai kūlohelohe pono e pono hoʻi i ka maikaʻi. Mai kēia mai hiki iā mākou ke hopena: ʻo ka hoʻohana maikaʻi loa ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kānana hoʻowalewale kiʻekiʻe me nā hoʻopiha piha. Pono ke kahawai o ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pono ma ka piko o ka aku. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho o nā kānana waho maikaʻi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo "flute" - kahi pūpū perforated e hōʻoki ana i ke kahe o ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka aquarium i loko o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Hoʻohana ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia huakaʻi i ka ʻona oxygen i loko o ka aquarium.
Ke koi ʻia nei kahi loli o ka wai e: 25-30% i kēlā me kēia pule, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - 10% i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono ka wai wai i nā hiʻohiʻona physico-kemika a i ʻole kokoke iā lākou e like me ka mea e hoʻohuli ʻia. Ma kēlā me kēia pule ʻelua, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana o kahi hapa o ka wai i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lepo, me ka uku nui e kau ai i ka iʻa i kēia ʻano e hana pinepine ʻia. E hoʻokaʻawale ia i ka siltation nui o ka ʻāina ma ka aku, a me ka hopena o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea pili.
Dimorphism ʻOihana a me ke ʻano o Ramirezi Apistograms
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine. ʻAkēne ka ʻōpū o ke kāne, ʻo ka wahine, ʻo raspberry. ʻO nā ʻehā mua o ka moni dorsal o ke kāne kahi elongated a ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka lua a me ke kolu o ka paukū o ka moni dorsal i ke kāne ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka wahine. I nā wahine, he wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻaoʻao i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā sparkles.
ʻO nā kāne ʻōpio 1.5-2 cm loa ka lōʻihi, akā ʻaʻole i wā ʻōpiopio, e hele pinepine ana i nā hakakā māmā, e hoʻāʻo ana e pale i ka kuleana i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāpana. E lilo ka iʻa i ka ihu, hohola i nā hihi mua o nā finsal dorsal a hoʻāʻo e kāpae i ka hoa paio mai ka wahi i makemake ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole e lanakila ana kekahi o nā kāne e hana i kēia, ʻo nā hoʻoweliweli hoʻoweliweli, hoʻohana ʻia nā kukui a me nā koikoi koko ʻole.
ʻAʻole komo nā wahine i kekahi hakakā i ke kaua no ke kuʻuna, akā e nānā pono i ka mea e hana nei mai waho. ʻO ka hopena o nā hakakā he mākaʻikaʻi paʻa o nā ʻāina a me nā pairing, a, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, spawning i ka aquarium laulā.
Nā Hana Kuhi Apistograms Ramirezi
Hoʻonohonoho ka spawning i ka nui o ka mahana o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka loli pinepine ʻana a nui nā meaʻai like ʻole. I ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻohe mea o luna e pono ai: ʻo ka iʻa ʻāpala, me ka ʻole o ka hana a nā ʻāpana o ka aquarist, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi papa kūpono a kau i ka hua. Hiki i ka papa hana no ka spawning ke mālama i ka pōhaku nui, kahi pā keramila e waiho ana ma kona ʻaoʻao a he lau hoʻi o ka mea kanu, e pono e laulā, kūʻā i luna a hoʻonoho ʻia ma luna o ka ʻāina.
ʻOi aku ka manawa pinepine, koho ke iʻa i kahi papa i ka lepa, akā, ʻaʻole lākou e pili i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka pale. Inā kūpaʻa ka substrate no lākou, a i ʻole e hoʻokūkū ʻia e kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Apistograms Ramirezi hiki ke waiho i nā hua i loko o ka lua wai.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka kōpala ma ka aquarium laulā, ʻo ka caviar kahi e ʻai ʻia e nā mākua a make paha ma lalo o ka uhi o ka saprolegnia.
He wahine kāne a Apistograms Ramirezi
No ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā chromises butterfly, kahi aquarium ʻihune me kahi wahi o lalo o ka 300 cm square e kūpono. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi papa hoʻokahe kahakai maʻa kahakai 1-2 cm mānoanoa i kahi pahu holoi holoi ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻala maikaʻi ma mua o ke one, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lepo like me kahi kīwaha ākea. ʻO kēia ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka manawa adaptation o nā mea hana i kahi kūlana hou a lawe i ka spawning i kahi kokoke. E hoʻopiha i ka aquarium i ka wai a waiho iā ia no ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 3-4 lā. Hiki paha ke liʻiliʻi o ka wai mai ka 8 cm cm, akā ʻaʻole iki.
Apistograms Ramirezi ua kau pinepine ʻia nā hua ma luna o ka papahele, ʻoi pū kekahi, akā, i ka paia o loko o kahi pā pua a i ʻole kekahi mau wahi ʻē aʻe.
Pono ka wai waʻa wai (0.1-0.3 mau pūnaehana) a me ka ʻoluʻolu (1-2 ° C) ma mua o ka pākīpika ākea, iʻike maikaʻi ʻia a piha ʻole i ka chlorine. ʻAʻole pono ia i kona koʻikoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 10 ° dGH, pH o kahi pane wai paku i pili ʻole i ka neʻe ʻana, a ʻaʻole pono ka wai i ka wai ma lalo o 25-27 ° С.
I nā papa spawning, makemake ʻia e hana i kahi kahawai nāwaliwali nā wai. Hiki ke hana i kēia me ka pū wai pīhoihoi lōʻihi, i kau ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao kuʻikuʻi o ka aquarium, he mau kenimika mai ka ihu o ka wai. Koho ʻia ka ikaika o ka ʻōpū o ka lewa.
ʻO ka kahe koko a me ka corvette e lilo i meaʻai ma ka manawa o ka pae o ka manawa, hāʻawi lākou i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi lā i ka lā. He mea pono ʻole e hānai i ka hau a me ka meaʻai maloʻo, no ka mea hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka uhi ʻana o ka wai.
E like me ke kānāwai, ua lawa nā lā 2-3 no ka laʻana e hoʻopili, ma hope o ka hele ʻana o ka spawning. ʻO Masonry, ma muli o ka nui, ka makahiki a me ka pae o ka mākaukau ʻana o nā mea hana, hiki ke helu mai i 70-80 a 300-400 hua oval. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka manawa hoʻolelima ma luna o ka mahana a he 72-80 mau hola ma kahi mahana o 25-26 ° C, a me 45-50 mau hola ma kahi wela o 27-30 ° C.
Ke hoʻoikaika ikaika nei ke kāne i ka pale ʻana i ka masonry. ʻO nā hana nui no nā mākua i kēia manawa o ka pīhoihoi i nā hua me nā ʻala, hoʻoneʻe i nā hua make make a maʻemaʻe hoʻi. ʻO ia manawa, lawe kekahi o nā mākua i kekahi mau huaʻehā i loko o kāna waha, e “puliki” iā ia a huli hoʻi i kona wahi.
Loaʻa nā ʻōleʻa o ka honu i kahi ʻeke nui, no laila lākou e hānai ai no nā lā 5-7 aʻe. ʻO ka lā mua a i ʻole ʻelua mau ʻōkahi ma kahi hoʻokahi, i kahi kūlana i hoʻopili ʻia i ka substrate (hāʻule i hāʻule, ua huli ka makua makua, a hoʻi i kēlā wahi). ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, hoʻokomo ke kāne iā lākou i nā lua hohonu i ʻeli ʻia e ia ma ka lepo. I kēia manawa, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wahine mai nā kumu spawning.
Noho paʻa ʻōpio ma lalo o ke ao ʻana o ke kāne. Hoʻokahi ʻia me kahi ʻohana iʻa ka ʻona iā ia ma ka hale kai a aʻo e ʻimi no ka ʻai. Me kahi mea e hoʻomaka ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi infusoria, rotifers, a i ʻole nā mea hōʻemi liʻiliʻi loa o nā cyclops nauplii. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mau lā ʻelua, makemake ʻia ke kāne e hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi pānaehana maʻamau, a kau ʻia ka pīpī i loko o kahi ipu, akā ʻaʻole me ka lepo. I ia mau kūlana e maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i ka sterility, a me nā ʻono Apistograms Ramireziloko loa e pili ana i kēia. No laila, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pae i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai ka ʻai hāʻule a me nā huahana koʻikoʻi o ke kō, e hoʻohui ana i ka wai hou me nā ʻano like ʻole i ka mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Me ka inkubation kūlohelo o nā hua manu, hoʻokomo koke ia i loko o kahi pahu me nā lepo a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana. Inā hele i ka spawning i loko o ka mea kanu maʻamau, a laila e hoʻohuli ʻia nā hua manu me ka substrate. ʻOiai ka haʻalulu ʻana e hiki ke hōʻeha i ka membrane delicate. No ke kumu like, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka caviar e hui me ka hau hoʻonaʻauao; no ka mea, ua waiho ka substrate me ka masonry i loko o kahi kīʻaha hohonu a neʻe ʻia i loko o kahi kūlana. No ka mea hiki loa i ka caviar ka hopena i nā hopena o waho, ua makemake ʻia e hāpai i ka mahana i ka incubator a hiki i ka nui o ka manawa i hiki ke hōʻemi i ka manawa hoʻomohala o nā embryos. I loko o ka mau palapala moʻokāki, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi waiwai o 36 ° C; i kēia manawa, ua ulu koke nā caviar i kēlā manawa ʻaʻohe o ka manawa e hele ai i ka hana ʻino o ka saprolegnia. Ma hope o ka hiʻohiʻona o nā palima, ua hōʻemi iki ka mahana i ka waiwai maʻamau.
ʻOiai ma ka momona a i ʻole nā ʻano mea ʻuʻulu, ulu palupalu ke ulu mālie. A ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea i kēia mau pōkeki liʻiliʻi pōpoki. ʻOiai ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, i hapakolu o ka nui o ka palaoa i noho ʻole i ʻelua kenimika ma ka nui.
Loaʻa ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ulu ʻana ma muli o ka manawa o ka hoʻoneʻeʻana o ka palaoa i ka pāʻina proportional a me nā mea kanu kūpono i loko o ka nui. Hoʻomaka ka pipi i ka malama o ke ola o ke kolu o ke ola, akā e loaʻa ka saturation i loko nui loa ma 90-100 mau lā o ke ola. A hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1-1,5 cm ulu Apistogram Ramirezi ua hiki ke hiki i ka hoʻololi i loko o ka hale maʻamau. Akā inā he wahi e ʻae ai, ʻoi aku ka mea maikaʻi e mālama iā lākou i kahi pahu hoʻokaʻawale a hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio.