ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi manu i kaulana ʻia ka nui o ka manuahi, akā e hoʻopihapiha, e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kāna ʻano ʻāpana a me ka ʻoi lōʻihi. ʻO nā wāwae nā lōʻihi, me nā manamana lima lōʻihi, akā me nā pōkole pōkole. ʻO ka loa kino 18-20 cm, nā ʻēheu 25-30 cm, ke kaupaona 17-27 g.

ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. I nā manu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kapa moe hiking, he hina ke kua, hope ke poʻo o ke poʻo, ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī, ke keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻāpana o ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, nā keʻokeʻo o ke kino e keʻokeʻo ka hina hina i nā ʻaoʻao. He ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele nā ​​hulu o ka suprapole, i ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo a keʻala hoʻi i nā pūnaewele pūnaewele waho. He ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻēheu, me kahi ākea keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā ʻāpana ʻēhuna a me nā hulu lahilahi. ʻEleʻele ka huelo, ʻelua keʻokeʻo ʻelua o nā hulu huluhulu me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma luna o ka mea paʻa o loko. ʻEleʻele nā ​​wāwae a me ka beak. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine i ke kāne, a i ʻole ke poʻo hina a ʻeleʻele-hina ke poʻo paha o ko lākou mau poʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka makahiki mua. I ka hoʻohelena o ka hoʻoilo, ke hoʻomau nei ka helehelena maʻamau o ke kala, akā keokeo a ʻulaʻula a me ke goiter, ka ʻulaʻula a me ka lae ʻulaʻula e mālama ʻia ma ka ihu o ka umauma, nā hulu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo i ka kao hina ma ka ʻaoʻao apical, ma muli o kahi lei o ka lei a me ka lae he ʻokoʻa a emi iki paha. akaʻu ʻia e ka pua hina.

He hulu ʻāhu-hina ke poʻo a me ke kua hoʻi nā manu, a he ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma hope o ko lākou mau maka, he ʻōpio keʻokeʻo, kahi ʻāʻule hina (lehulehu ʻole i ʻulaʻula-hina) i ka umauma. ʻAno keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. Hoʻopili nā palena ʻokoʻa ma nā uhi ʻēheu. Nā hulu kolu kikowaena me kahi palena hina hina. Hoʻokomo nā wāwae a me ke kō. I ke koena o ke kala, ua like ke ʻano o nā ʻōpiopio mua o nā kāne like ʻole o ka manu makua, akā, he hina ke poʻo o ka poʻo o kā lākou poʻo, me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele, a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou mau poʻo i kahi palemele kala-melemele i ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻAʻohe o mākou ʻano like. Ma ka hulu o ka hoʻoilo, he mau unmistakably ʻokoʻa i nā wagtails ʻē aʻe i ke alo o kahi ʻenekena ʻeleʻele i ka umauma i luna. I ka lole ʻaole, kahi mea i hoʻohanohano ʻia e ka ʻulaʻula hina o ka luna a me ka waiho ʻole o ka hue melemele i ka plumage.

Manaʻo - kāhea ʻiamoʻomeheu», «mau pōʻai», «koi"Aʻo kou monosyllabic"tsli», «manu"." He mele wikiwiki a mele ʻole ʻia kekahi mele.

Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Hāpai ka ʻano holoholona pili i ka maʻEulopa a me kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ʻAsika hema i Asia Minor, Suria, ʻĀpana Kazakhstan, Mongolia, a me China hikina. Aia nā wahi nui o ka hoʻoilo ma Iran, Afghanistan, India, Arabia a me Africa. Nā ʻano pua migratory maʻamau. I kekahi mau makahiki, i kahi helu liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoilo ma ka hema o ka māhele ʻEulopa o Rūsia, ke kū pinepine nei nā poʻe hoʻokahi no ka hoʻoilo ma ke alanui waena, kahi, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e mālama ʻia lākou ma nā taha o nā kaila ʻole-manu ʻole.

Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. E hōʻea ma ke ala waena i ka hopena o Malaki aiʻole i ka mua o ʻApelila. Noho ana ia ma nā kahawai o nā poʻomanaʻo, ma ke kahawai o nā pā a me nā noho ʻana. Noho i ka nui o ka manawa ma ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole e noho ma luna o nā lālā. He ʻano ʻokoʻa nā wahi o nā ʻuʻuku: ma waena o nā pōhaku, ma nā ʻāpana āpau o nā hale kanaka, ma nā hapalua-hollow, ma lalo o nā aʻa, ma nā ʻōpala o kahi lāʻau lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​kumulāʻau.

Nui ākea ka moʻo i loko o kahi o kahi pala. ʻO ka mea pono nā pua liʻiliʻi, nā ʻūhā o ka mauʻu, nā pakiaka, ka moss, ka huluhulu, nā hulu a me nā mea like. O ka maheleia ke kahelehele, e haki ana me nā mea haʻalulu, ʻo ka pinepine me ka huluhulu. I loko o nā puʻu 4-7, ʻo ka maʻamau ka 5-6 mau huaʻai o ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka hina. ʻO nā hua ma luna ma kahi palupalu hina hina ʻole, ka lua waha mai ka ʻoni a i ʻulaʻula, me nā pulu pua melemele. Mālama ia i nā invertebrates terrestrial, ma kekahi manawa nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu mea kanu. E hoʻokuʻu holomua ka haʻalele, mai ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka hopena o ka hopena.

Ma ka ʻĀkau ʻĀwili Honu i kākau ʻia kāwāwa wiliMotacillapersonatalike a me ke kapa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻokoʻa (lōʻihi 18 cm), ka helehelena a me ka hana. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma ke kaʻo keʻokeʻo ma o ka hoʻomohala nui o ka ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo (ka lae, ka wahi e puni ana i ka maka i ke keʻokeʻo, i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo - ʻo ka moa hoʻi, ka piko o ka ʻāʻī). ʻOi aku ka papa ke keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻēheu. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio ka mea ʻeleʻele, me ka hina hina, ʻaʻole ka keʻokeʻo, ʻāʻī a me ka uka. Holo ka holoholona hihiu ma Siberia, Kazakhstan, a me Central Asia; ma ka palena o kona pālahalaha, hoʻāla ʻia ia me ka wagtail keʻokeʻo (e noʻonoʻo pinepine ʻia ana nā subspecies).

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 180 mm, nā ʻēheu - 87–94 mm, kaʻu - 90-95 mm, metatarsus e pili ana i ka 22-24 mm. I ka pūnāwai, ʻo ka lae, nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo a me ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino ma hope o ka umauma, he keʻokeʻo, he hina nā ʻaoʻao, ka lei, ke poʻo, ke poʻo o ka ʻāʻī, ke au, ka goiter, ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka umauma, ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻēheu, nā ʻōpū o ke poʻo ke ʻulaʻula, a ʻeleʻele nā ​​poʻo o ka piko, ka ʻeleʻele loa o lākou i ʻeleʻele me nā kukui māmā ma nā kihi, nā pihi a me nā ʻēheu e uhi ana i ka pihi ʻulaʻula, nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, nā lele-ʻulaʻula, ka lua me nā palena ʻokoʻa o nā pūnaewele waho, nā ʻeleʻele, nā pōpoki hope loa o nā ʻūlani keʻokeʻo me ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāʻī o loko, ʻo ka lua me cr Ka wāwae nani - keʻokeʻo me kahi kumu ʻulaʻula hulahula a me ka kihi o ka ʻili. ʻO kahi wahine kahi palupalu liʻiliʻi, he lei hina ka lei. ʻAʻeleʻele ke anana i ka ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele a i nā wāwae ka wāwae. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hina, ua ʻūhā ke ʻōpū a me ka goiter, ua ʻoki ʻia ka nui o ka ʻōpū ma ka umauma.

ʻO nā ʻōpio a hiki i ka molt mua ka hina hina ma luna a me kahi maka ʻeleʻele a me ka keokeo ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele hina i lalo, me nā ʻaoʻao hina, kahi pihi ʻihi o ke kino a me nā mea hou aʻe a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi "brownle" i loko o ka umauma.

Hoʻaiho

Aia i loko o ka moku ʻo Rtishchevsky: noho ia i nā kahe wai o nā kahawai nui a me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke kahe o nā punahele, a me nā wahi e pili ana i ka hiʻu o Rtishchevo. Ke ulu nei ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāina hou, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alanui hou a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alahaka, a pēlā aku, nā ʻano hana kanaka i hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka noho ʻana o kēia manu, a me ke ʻano o ka synanthropization o ka hāpū keʻokeʻo e hoʻomau nei.

Nā Moho

ʻO ka hāleʻa a me ke neʻe ʻana o ka manu i kēia mau manu ua ʻokoʻa. I ka pūnāwai (ka hapa mua o 10 mau lā o ʻApelila) neʻe mau ana ka ʻikepili ma ke komohana, a i ʻole i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka ʻohiʻa Ma loko o ka ʻāina Saratov, ka lele ʻoi loa ka lele ʻana i nā kaʻe keʻokeʻo i loko o nā lā mua o Sepatemaba, i ka manawa mau a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻOkakopa, ua helu wale ʻia nā mea kū hoʻokahi.

ʻO ka hele mua ʻana o ka hopena he wā maʻamau no ka neʻe ʻana o ke kauwela a me ka hana o nā makahiki ʻōpiopio. E ʻike ʻia ia mai ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ʻAukake a holo nui loa ma nā kahakai o nā waihona kālā nui. Ma hope o kā lākou hāmeʻa ʻana, neʻe mālie nā manu i ka hema a ma ke komohana hema. I Kepakemapa, pinepine nā manu i neʻe ʻia i nā kauā - e noho ana lākou ma nā hale hale o nā hale, e holo ana ma nā ala, nā māla, nā ʻāina ākea, ma waena o nā māla hoʻoilo. H lele nā ​​kaʻa keʻokeʻo, maʻa mau i ke ao. ʻO ka hana e ʻoi loa ana ka hana a nā manu e ʻike ʻia i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

ʻAno hānau

E hele mua ana ma nā wahi punahele. I ka hebedoma mua ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā manu i nā pakanā a noho i nā wahi e lawaiʻa ai. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka hana ʻana me ka wā o kēia manawa. Ma kahi o ka mele primitive (longing twittering), e mālama ʻia ana i ka wā o ke lele ʻana i kēia manawa, ua noho ka nui o nā hōʻike like i kahi wahi nui i loko o ke ʻano lawehala o nā kāne kaʻa keʻokeʻo. Hoʻokele ke kuapo, kuʻi a ka manu, i kekahi manawa e pālahalaha ai nā ʻēheu i ka pae, akā ʻoi aku lākou i lalo i kekahi o lākou a "huki" mau pōʻai i ka wahine i loko o kahi radius o ka hapalua mika, e like me ka wī. I kekahi manawa, hāpai kahi manu i kēia wā i kona mau eheu e kiʻekiʻe. No ke kāne ikaika o ke kāne, he kuleana ke koi ʻana i kahi wahine. I ka wā hana o ka noho ʻana, he kāʻei ʻole ka holo ʻana o ka wagtails, a hoʻomaka pinepine nā kāne i nā hakakā no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāina huna.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā ʻano biotopes ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapa pinepine ʻana i ka moe i nā kapakai kahakai me nā kumu overhanging e kaupalena ana i ke kahakai kahakai. Ma nā ʻauwai me nā ʻauwai paʻapū i holoi ʻia, ʻo ka hāhai keʻokeʻo e komo pinepine i loko o nā ululāʻau e hoʻomau ana. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, kūkulu ʻia nā nīnū ma luna o ka lepo, a waiho iā lākou ma lalo o nā lāʻau a me nā ʻūo alluvial, ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau, ma lalo o nā pōhaku a ma waena o lākou, i nā pali o nā pōhaku, ma nā pā one i lalo o ka uhi o ka ʻoi o ka makahiki o ka makahiki, a me nā kaola a me nā ʻōpala i waena o ka wai. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pā hale lawena i nā makahiki he nui i ka lālani.

Noho a ʻoluʻolu ʻo Wagtails ma nā wahi e noho ana ma nā kahe wai. Ua ʻike ʻia kā lākou ʻanuʻu ma nā kauhale haʻalele. Ma nā wahi like, e hana pinepine nā manu i nā puʻu a me nā nīnū o nā paia, ma hope o ka plaster stucco a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hale, ma lalo o nā hale, a ma hope o nā puka makani, i nā paia o nā pā hale me nā luawai, ma nā pā o ka wā kahiko a me nā pā, ma nā wahi o ka wahie a me nā pā, kaʻaahi, a me nā mea maʻamau o nā pā lawaiʻa keʻokeʻo no nā kaa keʻokeʻo ma ka anthropogenic pānaʻi kekahi no nā alahaka a me nā wahi wai ʻē aʻe a me nā papa hana alanui. He ʻano like ka ʻano o ka honu wailele ma ka huki ʻana - i nā ʻōpala o nā ululāʻau i loko o nā kahua, ma nā paena o ka palu a me nā ʻōpala, i nā ʻōpala o kahi lāʻau e waiho ai a puni, etc. I nā māla a me nā ululāʻau kīwī ʻano, ke makemake like kēia mau manu i nā ʻano pōhaku a me nā kumu lāʻau.

He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa a me ka nui a me nā ʻono o ka nawe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Aia ka laka i kahi lua ma ka lepo, a laila i haki ka lua me nā ʻōpio kahiko, ʻokaʻumi a me nā lau liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā pili i loaʻa i ka pilaleka, ma lalo o kahi pali, he mau pā mānoʻu loa, nā pālaha a lawe ʻole ʻia mai nā ʻōpala ua lau a maloʻo ʻia a me nā lau o nā mea kanu lāʻau, i kekahi manawa i hui pū ʻia me nā palaka a me ka hoʻopili ʻia me nā wili hulu. ʻO kahi pūnana i hana ʻia ma hope o ka ʻili o ka hale a i loko paha o kahi ʻōpala he mau puʻu, mau ʻahuʻula, huluhulu a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe, me ke koʻī i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma luna o kēia puʻu. Akā i nā kūlana āpau, like ke ʻano o kahi kīʻaha liʻiliʻi, nā pale o nā peʻa keʻokeʻo, nā paia o nā mea i mālama ʻole ʻia a hana maikaʻi ʻia mai loko mai o ka ʻōpala, a i ʻole a nā nā nā mea kanu a me nā lau o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka litter ma ka pūnana i ka mea mau loa ia: ʻo ia ka mea o ka lauoho holoholona (bipi, hipa, a pēlā aku) a me ka hulu hipa. The dimensional o ka pūnana: diameter - 10-14 cm, kiʻekiʻe - 6-8 cm, hehā ʻōpili 5.5-8 cm, hohonu hohonu tray he 2,5-5.5 cm.

Kūpono ka hana ʻana o ka nīnū i 6-7 mau lā, akā he 2-3 lā, e noho mau ana ka hano. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua huluhulu ma nā lā he ʻumi o Mei, a ma waena o kēia mahina, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kikowaena piha i nā honu nui. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā ma hope mai, hiki i nā hālāwai o nā kāne i hoʻomaka mua ʻia ke hoʻoulu. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka masonry piha ke ana o ka 5 keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā ʻūhā hina, ʻaʻole i emi pinepine ʻia ka 4 a 7. He mau ʻūpiki huaʻai: 18-21 × 13-15 mm. Ua komo nā mākua ʻelua i ka incubation o nā pipi. Hoʻomaka maʻamau ka hua ʻana ma hope o ka waiho ʻana. I ka pō, ke noho mau ka wahine i loko o ka pūnana. I ke ahiahi, hoʻohua ʻia nā hua a nā hoalauna hou. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻaʻole i haku kahi kāne i ka wahi, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i ka hoʻemi ʻana o kāna hana ma ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela i loko o ka pūnana i ka wā kū ʻole o ka wahine. Aia nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka pūnana no ʻelua mau pule. Ke waiho nei lākou i ka pūnana i hiki ke lele, ʻoiai ke ʻano hoʻopōlohelohe i ke kāʻei ʻana i kēia manawa.

ʻAi ʻia ka wīwī keʻokeʻo e ka kāne a me ka wahine. Ma ko 7ia mau lā ʻōpiopio, lele nā ​​manu makua me ka ʻai a ma ka awelika a hiki i ka 15 mau manawa i ka hola, a ʻo ka wahine i kēia manawa hānai i nā moa. ʻO ka mea hānai ka mea nui o nā dipterans. Hōʻola nā pipi i nā lā 7-8 mau lā. ʻO kekahi manawa haki ka broop - ʻelua a ʻekolu mau ʻōpio i hānai ʻia e ka wahine, ʻo ke koena ka kāne. Ma ka laulā aoao, i nā kaona o ka waihona kūpono o ka moku Saratov, hāʻule ka manawa e hānai ana i nā kao i nā lā hope o Mei - ka makahiki mua o Iune. Hōʻalo ka hiʻohiʻona lele ʻana o nā manu ʻōpio i ka lua o ka makahiki o Iune. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pahu keʻokeʻo ke holo ʻana o ka ʻōpio ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pala o ka bro. No ka hālāwai ʻana me nā manu ʻōpio ma kahi kahua pānaʻi i nā makahiki he hiki mai.

Ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻāpana he ʻelua masonry i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ʻo ka ʻāpana o nā pālua, maopopo, ʻo ia ke kolu, no ka mea hiki ke mālama ʻia ka holo a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake.

Mea ʻai

Ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai o nā haleka keʻokeʻo e nā ʻūpono, loaʻa nā nūnū i nā mea ʻalopona pale, lepidopterans, nā pīpī ʻāina, nā kahu, nā pōloli, nā pīlū manuʻu, nā ʻu a me nā elepona, mai nā hymenopterans he mau mea holo a me nā ʻalā, nā merika he mau ʻūlani maoli a me nā lele maoli.

I kekahi manawa hopu nā wīwī i ka nui o nā beflies a me nā dragonflies. He ʻano kūpono loa ke ʻano o ka hopu ʻana i kēia hihia: ʻo nā manu e holo wikiwiki a holo pū ma ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​lau nū o nā mea kanu aku, a laila ʻike ke lele manu lele, lele lākou a hopu iā ia ma ka lele. ʻOluʻolu loa nā manu e holo ma ke kahawai o ka wai. Ma kahi e lele ai ka nalu, ma hope o ko lākou hoʻihoʻi ʻana, holo ka pahu wili, ke kālai ʻia nei ma ke ala o nā iniseti like ʻole a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i waiho ʻia e ka neʻe.