O ka eleu o Inia, i kapaia o Asia, no kekahi o na elepani o ka elepani, i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book. ʻO ia kekahi o nā holoholona nui loa o ko mākou honua, e kūlike me ka mammoth kahiko. He hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī ko ka pepeiao me ka hoʻolalulu ʻia ʻana i lalo.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kūlou kāne o ka ʻenekia Inia e hiki aku i 1.5 mika, ʻo ia ke kumu a he kumu poʻi ia. Aia nā lālani me nā lehelehe ʻole. Noho lākou i ka hapa nui ma ka hikina hikina o India.

ʻO ʻElā ʻĀpana ʻElima

Ma kahi o India, ʻo kēia holoholona o nā elepani e noho ma Nepal, Burma, Thailand a me ka mokupuni o Sumatra. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka ʻāina mahiai ma kēia mau ʻāina, ʻaʻohe wahi a nā elepani e noho, ma muli o ka nui o kā lākou heluna i hōʻemi mau i kēia mau makahiki i hala.

ʻO ka noho iki o ka ʻĀina Inia he ala māmā me ka shrubby undergrowth. Ke kokoke loa i ke kauwela, makemake lākou e piʻi i nā mauna, a aneane ʻole i hele i savannahs, no ka mea ua hoʻohuli ʻia kēia mau ʻāina a i nā ʻāina kahi e ulu mau ai kahi mea.

Hierarchy Kaumakaʻāina Koi

ʻO ka maʻamau, noho nā kālele ʻĀina e noho a mālama i nā pūʻulu o nā 15-20 kanaka, e hoʻolohe ana i ka wahine kahiko - ʻo ia nō ke poʻo o ka pua. ʻO nā pipi he mau hui kumuhana o nā wahine pili i nā cubs. Ke hoʻonui nei lākou, hiki i kēia mau hui ke hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻonohonoho i kā lākou bipi.

ʻO nā Elepani manu kāne kāne nona ka makahiki 7-8 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka pipi a hana i kā lākou mau hui no kahi manawa pōkole. I ka hiki ʻana i ka pākeke, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne e noho wale. I ka wā moe, he mea weliweli nā kāne o nā ʻĀpio Inia a ua hiki ke hoʻouka a kū i ke kanaka.

ʻO nā pilina pili pili o nā elephants. Inā he kanaka ʻeha ma ka pipi, kōkua kekahi ʻē aʻe iā ia e kū pū me ke kākoʻo ʻana iā ia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

ʻO ka noho home o nā elephants o India he pānaʻi pānaʻina ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā mahele like nā ʻaoʻao e pili ana i nā alahele, a me nā wahi i komo ʻole ai nā elepani. Hele nā ​​Elepani i nā wahi pōʻino wale nō i ka pō pō.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi ʻenekia Inia?

ʻO ke ola ola o kahi elephant India he 60-70 mau makahiki. Loaʻa ka Puberty i nā makahiki 8-12. Lawe ka wahine i ke keiki bipi i 22 mau mahina, a lilo ka wahine i kēlā me kēia 4-5 mau makahiki. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻokokoke nā lālā i nā ipo, e aloha aku iā ia me ka pā ʻana o ka ʻōpala.

Kōkua ʻo ia iā ia e ʻike i nā manamana lima. Noho koke ka pēpē ma hope o ka hānau ʻana a kū i kona mau wāwae a hiki iā ia ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa wale nō. Ma ka makahiki 2-3, e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu.

Holo ʻuʻuku ʻĀlio

I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, ua pau nā elepani i ke ʻano o ko lākou ala ʻana. ʻAi lākou i ka nui o nā mea kanu, akā aneane 85% kahi meaʻai punahele. I ka lā, e ʻai ka ʻĀina ʻenehana i 100-150 kg i kēlā me kēia lā, ai ka manawa maloʻo a hiki i 280 kg, makemake ʻia i ka lau i ka wā mākū a me ka nui o ka lāʻau me nā lāʻau i ka manawa maloʻo.

Ua inu nā elepala i 180 lita o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAi nō lākou i ka lepo, a laila e hoʻoulu hou ai i nā keena o nā minerala a me ka hao. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wai, hiki iā lākou ke ʻeli i nā moena maloʻo o ka kahawai, kahi, a ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā elepani, hoʻohana nā holoholona ʻē aʻe no ka inu wai. Inā lawa ka wai i ka meaʻai, hiki i nā elepani ke hana ʻole me ka wai i nā lā he nui.

No ke aha e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ai ka ʻuhane a Inia

Ma India, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi holoholona ʻala i mea holoholona paia, hōʻike i ka naʻauao, ka naʻauao a me ka ikaika. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hoʻokokoke wale ʻia kēia elephant i ka pilikia o ke ola - e mālama ana i nā ʻenemi ʻōpala a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻO ia ke kumu no ka elephant he hōʻailona o India.

E komo nā elepani i nā male mare a me nā ʻoliʻoli ʻē aʻe.

E nānā i ke wikiō e pili ana i ka ʻuhane a India:

Hōʻalo hou e pili ana i nā elephants. ʻO ka haʻa ʻana ʻo Elephant: ka mōʻaukala a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā eleu o Sumatran, nā ʻĀpana India - he kōkua nui o ka kāne.

Kāleka

Ua haʻahaʻa loa nā ʻolua o India i ka nui o nā elefani ʻApelika ʻApelika, akā he mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi ko lākou nui - ua hiki i nā ʻelemakule (kāne kāne) ka nui o 5.4 tons me ka hoʻonui o 2.5-3.5 mau mika. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ke kaupaona nei he 2,7 tons. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa ka subspecies mai Kalimantan (ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 2 mau tone). No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ke aniani o ka elele savannah mai 4 a 7. 7 ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻōpū India he 5.5-6.4 m, ʻo ka ʻili ka 1.2-1.5 m. Kuhi nā wāwae a he pōkole loa, ʻo ke ʻano o nā wāwae o nā wāwae he like ia me ka ʻōpū o ʻApelika - ma lalo o ka ʻili nā manaʻo he nui springy. Aia nā pua he 5 ma nā wāwae mua, a me 4 ma nā wāwae hind.Mi uhi ʻia ke kino i ka ʻili mānoanoa o ka ʻili, ke kala ʻana o ka ʻili mai ke kala ʻeleʻele a i ʻole brown. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili o ka ʻenekia India e hele i kahi o cm 2,5 cm, akā he mea ʻōpū loa ma nā wahi o nā pepeiao, a puni ka waha a me kahi anus. Maloʻo ka ʻili, ʻaʻohe kīpē palū, no laila ke mālama pono nei he mea nui ia o ke ola o kahi elephant. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻauʻau lepo, ua mālama ʻia nā mea elepona mai nā aihue pepeke, ka lā a me ka pohō. ʻO ka ʻauʻau lepo, ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me nā kālai lāʻau i nā lāʻau i hana i ka hana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ma ka kino o nā elepona o India, ka mea nui i nā holoholona kahiko, ka depigmented pinkish patch (maʻamau ma ke alo o nā pepeiao a i ke kumu o ka puʻupuʻu) ʻike ʻia, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kahi ʻano i nānā ʻia. Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻelele hou i ka lauoho brownish, e holoi a ʻūlū me nā makahiki i waena o nā makahiki, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpū ʻōpioʻāmaʻomaʻu ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā poʻe ʻAmelika.

ʻIkeʻeke loa ʻo Albinos i waena o nā elepani a lawelawe ma Siam i kekahi wahi hoʻomana. ʻO ka maʻamau ka mea liʻiliʻi wale nō a loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau wahi laka. ʻO kā lākou mea maikaʻi maikaʻi loa he ʻulaʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka poli me kahi pua ʻaleleka ʻalani a me nā lauoho keʻokeʻo ma ko lākou mau kua.

ʻO ka lālani ākea, nākaliwali i ka waena a ikaika i ka huli mai nā ʻaoʻao, he kūlana kūpaʻa like ʻole, kona mau tubercles e hōʻike i ka piko kiʻekiʻe o ke kino (nā poʻohiwi o ka ʻĀpana ʻArani). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻona e hōʻike i ka ʻenekia ʻenekia mai Aferika i wahi like ʻole o ka nui o nā auricles. ʻAʻole pepeiao nā pepeiao o kahi elephant India ma luna o ke ana o ka lei. He nui lākou i ka nui, ka quadrangular kūʻai i loko, me kahi kao elongated iki a me kahi ʻaki poʻowai o loko. ʻO nā Tusks (elongated upper incisors) he nui, 2-3 mau liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka elefani ʻApelika, a hiki i ka 1,6 m ka lōʻihi, ke kau ana a hiki i 20-25 kg. No hoʻokahi makahiki ulu, hoʻonui ka tusk i ka awelika o 17 cm E ulu ana lākou i nā kāne wale nō, ʻaʻole ʻilihune i nā wahine. Ma waena o nā ʻuhane ʻAmelika he mau kāne me ka ʻole o ka ʻōpio, a ma India i kapa ʻia ka mahna (makhna) ʻOi mau pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā kāne like ma ke kūkulu ʻākau-hikina o kēia ʻāina, ʻo ka nui o ka elepani tuskless he nui ka heluna o Sri Lanka (a hiki i 95%). Loaʻa liʻiliʻi ka ʻilua o nā wahine i ʻuʻuku ʻole ʻike.

E like me ka hapa ʻākau a me ka hema, ka poʻe i nā ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana pinepine i ka tuskiki a i ʻole hema. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia ma ka pae o ka hōʻino o ka tusk a me kona ʻoi a puni.

Hoʻopili i nā tusks, he 4 molars ka elephant, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia i nā manawa he nui i ke ola me ko lākou kaʻi ʻana. Ke loli nei, ʻaʻole ulu ka niho hou ma lalo o ka mea kahiko, akā ʻoi aʻe ma luna o ka ʻāʻī, ke neʻe pinepine nei i nā niho palupalu. I loko o ke kaila nui o India, ua loli nā molars i 6 mau manawa i ke ola, ua pahū ka hopena ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki. I ka wili ʻana o nā niho hope, pau ka elepani i ka hiki ke ʻai maʻamau a make i ka pololi. Ma ke kānāwai, hana kēia ma ka 70 mau makahiki.

ʻO kahi ʻeke o kahi elephant kahi kaʻina lōʻihi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ihu a me nā lehelehe luna i hui pū ʻia. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā mākala a me nā tendons e hāʻawi iā ia i ka wikiwiki a me ka neʻeʻana, e ʻae ana i ka elephant e hoʻopunipuni i nā mea liʻiliʻi, a ʻo kona puʻupuʻu e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke huki i 6 liters o ka wai. ʻO ka septum, ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ana o ka ihu, ua nui nō hoʻi nā ʻā o nā kino. ʻO ka lapalapa o kahi elephant, ʻaʻole nā ​​iwi a me ka cartilage, nā pahu ʻōpala wale nō i kona hopena, e kaʻana like i nā pūhaka. ʻAʻole e like me ke kālaki o nā elepani o ʻApelika, i pau ka ʻōpala o nā ʻAsia i loko o kahi kaʻina hana lima lima dorsal.

ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōpū ʻĀina o ʻAmelika i kahi ʻāpana ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole ka pihi, a i nā kāne, nā pepeiao wale nō, kahi puʻupuʻu humpbacked hope ʻole me kahi "ʻā." ʻElua mau pūhaka nui ma ka lae a me kahi kaʻina hana lima like ma ka hope o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā kūloko i ka 19 mau pānaʻi o nā iwi ʻehā ma mua o 21, e like me ka ʻĀpana ʻApelika, a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonohonoho o nā molars - he transverse plateine ​​plate i kēlā me kēia niho i ka ʻĀlia Inia mai 6 a 27, ʻoi aku ka mea i ʻoi aku i ka elefani ʻApelika. ʻO ka caudal vertebrae he 33 ma mua o 26. I ka manawa pinepine he naʻau pālua ka naʻau. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahine i nā kāne ma ʻelua mau momona mammary e loaʻa ma ka umauma. ʻO ka lolo o ka elepani ka nui o waena o nā holoholona ʻāina a hiki i ka nui o 5 kg.

Ka ʻāpana a me nā Kuhi

I ka wā kahiko, ua loaʻa nā elepani ʻĀsia ma Asia Hema mai ka Tigris a me ka ʻEuperate i Mesopotamia (45 ° E) a i ka penisula ʻo Malay, ma ka ʻĀkau e hele ana i nā ana o ka Himalaya a me ka muliwai Yangtze ma Kina (30 ° N). ma ka mokupuni o Sri Lanka, Sumatra a hiki paha i ka Java. I nā makahiki ʻumikumamāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, ua hele mau ka ʻumi ʻĀina i loko o ka hapa nui o nā ʻĀpana o India, ma Sri Lanka, a ma nā ʻāpana ʻāpana o kona kikowaena mua.

I kēia manawa, ua hōʻiliʻili nui nā lau o nā ʻenekia o India, i ka wao i loaʻa iā lākou i nā ʻāina o ka ʻāina biogeographic Indo-Malayan: ke kūkulu hema a me ka ʻūhāhia India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kambotia, Vietnam , ma ke komohana hema o China, Malaysia (mainland a me Kalimantan), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra) a me Brunei.

Na palapala kapu

ʻEhā mau wahi kamaʻāina hou o nā elephant ʻehā.

• ʻElani ʻĀpana Koi (Elephas maximus kuhikuhi) noho i kekahi wahi i hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia ma South South, nā kahawai o ka Himalaya a me ke kahakai ʻo India, loaʻa nō hoʻi ma China, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia a me ka Malay Peninsula. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kāne o kēia subspecies he tusks.
• ʻO Lākana Sri Lankan a i ʻole Ceylon elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) loaʻa wale ma Sri Lanka. Aia kona poʻo nui e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino a loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻili o ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka lae a ma ka kumu o ka ʻāpana. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe mau kāne nā kāne.
• elemakule sumatran (Elele elima sumimens sumatrensis) e loaʻa wale ana iā Sumatra. Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kapa ʻia ia "The elephant elepana."
• hānau ʻia elephant (Elephas maximus bearensis) ʻO ke kūlana ʻauhau ʻōpala o kēia subspecies i manaʻo ʻia he mea hakakā, no ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ka makahiki 1950 e Sri Lankan zoologist Paulus Deraniagal mai kahi kiʻi i ka makasina National Geographic, ʻaʻole mai nā Spimens ola, e like me ka mea e koi ʻia e nā rula no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano. . Noho ka ʻōpuni nei ma ka ʻākau o ka mokupuni o Kalimantan (East East). ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā elepani o ʻAsia, e hōʻike ʻia e nā pepeiao nui nui, kahi ʻū lōʻihi a me nā kūpaʻa pololei. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻo mitochondrial DNA ma Kalimantan e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kūpuna o nā subspecies mai ka ʻāina nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Pleistocene, a ʻo 300,000 mau makahiki i hala, a ʻaʻole he mamo na nā elepani i lawe ʻia mai i ka mokupuni i nā 16th - 18th mau makahiki, e like me ka hāpai mua ʻana. Ua kaʻawale nā ​​Elepana o Kalimantan mai i ke koena o ka heluna kanaka 18,000 mau makahiki i ka wā i nalowale ai nā keʻena ʻāina ma waena o Kalimantan a me nā mokupuni ʻo Sunda.

ʻO ka heluna kanaka mai Vietnam a me Laos i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻelima subspecies. ʻO nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (he hapa ma mua o 100) nā 'elepani' e noho ana i nā ululāʻau o Northern Nepal he ʻokoʻa nā subspecies Elephas maximus, no ka mea, ua 30 cm lākou i oi aku ma mua o ka eleu o ʻAsia maʻamau. ʻO ke kūpaʻa mau ka Kina i kekahi manawa kahi kūʻokoʻa he subspecies kaʻawale Elehani elima elima, make akula i kahi o nā makahiki 14 o SM. e. ʻĀpilikia hoʻokele Syria (Elephas maximus asurus), ʻo ka mea nui loa ma waena o nā ʻelele a ma Asia, ua make ma kahi o 100 BC. e.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO ka ʻōpūʻāina Asia he nui i noho i ka nahele. Makemake ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau ākea a me nā subtropical pālahalaha me ka nui o ka lau o ke mau lāʻau a me ka puaʻa maoli. Ma mua, i ke kau anuanu, hele aku nā elepani i nā ʻōpala, akā i kēia manawa ua lilo ia i mea mālama kūlohelohe wale nei, no ka mea, ma waho o lākou ua lilo ka ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia wahi i lilo i ʻāina ʻāina. I ke kauwela, piʻi nui nā elepani i nā mauna, e hālāwai ana ma Himalaya ma kahi o ka palena mau loa, a hiki i 3600 m ke neʻe o nā elepala ma waena o ka ʻōpala a me ka piʻi ʻana i nā mauna.

Hiki ke loaʻa kahi papa inoa o nā wahi kūlohelohe kahi e loaʻa ai ka elephant manu ma India (2005) ma aneʻi.

E like me nā momi nunui ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā elepani i ke anuanu ma mua o ka wela. Hoʻohana lākou i ka hapa wela o ka lā i ka malu, e kī mau ana i ko lākou mau pepeiao e hōʻoluʻolu i ke kino a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoiho wela. Makemake lākou e ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, kiaʻi i ka wai a me ka holo ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ka lepo, ka mālama ʻana o kēia mau mālama i ka ʻili o nā elepani mai ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ka lā a me nā ʻili manuahi. No ko lākou nui, ʻo nā elephants he mau haʻalulu a me ke keʻakeʻa, loaʻa iā lākou kahi manaʻo maikaʻi loa o ke kaulike. Inā pono, ʻike lākou i ka hilinaʻi a me ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāina ma lalo o nā wāwae me nā pupuhi o ka ʻōpala, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hāmeʻa, hiki i nā wāwae ke neʻe aku a hiki i nā māla. Hiki i kahi elepani pīhoihoi ke hiki i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ka 48 km / h, ʻoiai e holo ana kahi elephant i kāna huelo, e hōʻailona ana i nā hoahānau pili i ka pōʻino. He maikaʻi nō hoʻi nā elepana i ka ʻauʻau. Hoʻonui ka elepani i ka hapanui o kona manawa e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai, akā pono ka elephant i ka liʻiliʻi he 4 mau hola o ka lā e hiamoe ai. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou e moe i ka lepo, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā elephants maʻi a me nā holoholona ʻōpio.

Hoʻohālike ʻia nā elepona e kahi ʻano nui o ka honi, hoʻolohe a me ka paʻi, akā naʻe lākou i nā maka nānā ʻole - ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i kahi mamao o ka 10 m, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i nā wahi pale. ʻO ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā elepani ma muli o nā pepeiao nui e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano he amplifiers e ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kanaka. ʻO ka mea ʻē e hoʻohana ai nā elephants i ka infrasound e kamaʻilio me ka lōʻihi o ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia e India naturalist M. Krishnan. No ke kamaʻilio ʻana, hoʻohana nā elepani i nā leo he nui, nā piko a me nā ʻeha me kahi kāhea. No laila, kāhea ka pū kani lōʻihi i ka bipi, ʻo ka pōkole pōkole, kani ka pū me ka makaʻu, nā puhi ikaika o ka ʻōpala ma ka ʻāina i ka huhū a me ka huhū. He kuʻekuʻe ʻē aʻe nā ʻelele o nā uwē, nā puʻukū, nā ʻeha, nā ʻele, a me nā mea a lākou e hōʻailona ke kahe i ka pilikia, ke kaumaha, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana a me ke aloha pū kekahi i kekahi.

Mea Hoʻomaʻa a me Nā Waiʻe

ʻO nā elepona o India he mau lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻopau i 20 mau hola i ka lā e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai a me ka hānai. ʻAe wale i nā hola wela loa o ka lā e holo ai nā elepani i ka pale i pale i ka wela ʻana. ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai i kēlā me kēia lā mai ka 150 a 300 kg o ka mea kanu like ʻole a i ʻole 6-8% o ka nui o ke kino o ka elephant. ʻAi maoli ka ʻelele i nā lau, ua ʻai pū lākou i ka ʻili, nā aʻa a me nā lau o nā mea kanu like ʻole, me nā pua a me nā hua i kekahi nui. Haehae nā elele i ka mauʻu lōʻihi, nā lau a me nā ʻūhā me kā lākou ʻuwala maʻalahi, inā pōkole ka mauʻu, hoʻokaʻaka mua lākou a ʻohi i ka lepo me nā kīkiʻi. ʻO ka ʻili mai nā lālā nui ua ʻoki ʻia me nā molars, e paʻa ana i ka lālā me kahi ʻōpala. Paʻa ʻole nā ​​elepani i nā mea mahiʻai, e kanu pinepine ana i ka laiki, ka maiʻa, a me ka wai kōpaʻa, no laila ʻo ia ka nui o nā "pōpilikia" o ka mahiʻai.

Kani maʻalahi ka ʻōnaehana o ka ʻōpū o India, i ka ʻōpū māhuahua o kahi ʻano cylindrical e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke "mālama" i ka meaʻai, ʻo nā mea simbiotic i kāla ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpū. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka umauma liʻiliʻi a me nā kahe o ka ʻōpū India e hiki i ka 35 m. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kāwili i ka 24 hola, ʻo 44 4445 wale nō ka meaʻai o ka ʻai. I kahi lā e pono ai kahi elima ma kahi o ka 70-90 (a hiki i 200) lita o ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kumu wai. E like me nā elepani ʻApelika, ua ʻeli pinepine lākou i ka honua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka paʻakai.

Ma muli o ka nui o ka meaʻai i kī ʻia, uaʻai pinepine nā elepani i ka wahi ma kahi o nā lā he 2-3 i kahi lālani. ʻAʻole lākou i ka ʻāina, akā pili lākou i kā lākou wahi meaʻai, e hōʻea i 15 km² no nā kāne a 30 km² no nā wahine manu, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui ma ka manawa maloʻo.I ka wā ma mua, ua hana nā elepani i kahi neʻe manawa lōʻihi (i kekahi manawa he neʻe piha o ka neʻe i ka 10 mau makahiki), a me ke neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻōho ma waena o nā kumu wai, akā hana ka hana kanaka i nā ʻano hiki ʻole ke neʻe o ka noho ʻana o nā elepani i loko o nā pā pālima a me nā mālama.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

ʻO nā holoholona ʻāʻīlani nā holoholona pili. Hoʻokumu pinepine nā wahine i nā ʻohana ʻohana nona ka hānai (kahi wahine nui a loaʻa), kāna mau kaikamahine, nā kaikunāne a me nā ʻehā, a me nā kāne kāne ʻokoʻa. I kekahi manawa ma ka pipi hoʻokahi. I nā kenekulia 19, ʻo nā pua o nā elepani, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he 30-50 kanaka nō ia, ʻoiai he nui mau bipi a he 100 a keu paha nā poʻo. I kēia manawa, aia ka pipi o nā wahine 2-10 a me kā lākou hua. Mālama iki ka pipi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i mālama i ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana ma o nā mana ʻano i loaʻa i nā māhele haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau wahine ʻelemakule) ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea nunui. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻohana liʻiliʻi ke hana i nā mea i kapa ʻia. mau ʻohana.

Ke alakaʻi pinepine nei nā kāne i kahi nohona kū hoʻokahi, ʻo nā kāne ʻōpio wale nō i hele ʻole ʻole i nā ʻōpio paʻa i kahi mau lālā i hui ʻole ʻia i nā hui wahine. Hoʻokomo wale nā ​​kāne makua i ka bipi wale nō inā ʻo hoʻokahi o nā wahine i loko o ka estrus. I ka manawa like, hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā hakakā, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa, akā, ke kūlike nei nā kāne o kēlā me kēia, kahi ʻāpana o kā lākou wahi ʻai. A hiki i nā makahiki 15-20, ke hele pinepine nei nā kāne i ka wā haalulu, ma hope a komo i kēlā me kēia makahiki kahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia pono (i ka ʻōlelo Urdu "lilo i loko o laila"). Hōʻike ʻia kēia manawa me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone a me ke ʻano, he ʻano paʻakikī. Me ka makemake, kahi mea huna uliuli ʻona e loaʻa ana i nā pheromones e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai kahi lepa ʻula kūikawā e kū ana ma waena o ka pepeiao a me ka maka. Maliki pū kekahi urine. I kēia moku'āina, ua hauʻoli nui lākou, hōʻino a hiki ke hoʻouka hou i kahi kanaka. Pono ka lōʻihi o 60 mau lā, ʻo kēia manawa ka hana a nā kāne i ka ʻai a me ka hele ʻana no ka ʻimi wahine kahe. He mea pālaha ʻo ia i nā elepani o ʻApelika i ka emi ʻole a haʻi mai a hana mua ma kekahi makahiki ma hope mai (mai 25 mau makahiki).

Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka hoʻouluulu i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, he ʻano ʻole i ka manawa. Aia nā wahine i loko o estrus no nā lā 2-4 wale nō, ke holo nei ke ao holoʻokoʻa piha ma kahi o 4 mau mahina. Hoʻokomo ʻo Males i ka pipi ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana - ma muli o ke ʻano, ua ʻae ʻia nā kāne nunui wale nō e male. ʻO nā hakakā i kekahi manawa ke alakaʻi nei i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi i nā hoa hakakā a ʻoi hoʻi i ka make. Hoʻokuʻu ke kāne lanakila i nā kāne ʻē aʻe a noho pū me ka wahine no 3 wiki. I ka hiki ʻole o nā wahine, hōʻike pinepine nā keiki kāne opio i ka ʻano male.

ʻO ka ʻōpū ma nā elepani ka lōʻihi loa ma waena o nā momi, ua kū ʻo ia mai 18 a 21.5 mau mahina, ʻoiai ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana o ka pūpū me 19 mau mahina a hoʻonui hou aʻe i ka nui. Lawe ka wahine i ka 1 (emi pinepine i 2) mau paona ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 90-100 kg a kiʻekiʻe (i nā poʻohiwi) e pili ana 1 m. He mau ʻeke kona mau ma kahi o 5 cm, e hāʻule ana e 2 mau makahiki, i ka wā e loli ai nā niho waiū i nā pākeke. I ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻopuni nā wahine i ka wahine i ka hānau keiki, ka hūnā i ka pale pale. Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, ua kinai ka wahine a hoʻomanaʻo ke keiki i ke ʻano o kāna mau feces. Holo aʻe ka ʻeke pēpē i kona mau wāwae 2 mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana a hoʻomaka koke ka waiū i ka waiū, ka wahine me ke kōkua o ke ʻala ʻāwīwīwī ʻia o ka lepo a ka honua ma luna, e hoʻomaloʻo ana i ka ʻili a me ka ʻāʻī mai kona nui mai nā mea ʻōpiopio nui. I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua hiki ʻē ke cub i ke ʻulana, e kāohi ana i ka ʻūhā o ka huelo o kona makuahine a i ʻole kona kaikaina. Hoʻokomo nā wahine lactating a pau i ka pipi i ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻōpū keiki pēpē. Hoʻomoe mau mea hānai a hiki i ka 18-24 mau mahina, ʻoiai ʻo ka bipi keiki elepani e hoʻomaka i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai mea kanu ma hope o 6-7 mau mahina. ʻAi ʻia nā elepala pēpē i nā moena maternal - me kā lākou kōkua aia wale nō ka mea e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana i nā mea kanu pono ʻole e hoʻoneʻe ʻia iā lākou, akā huapili pū kekahi nō hoʻi e kōkua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cellulose. Ke hoʻomau nei nā makuahine i ka mālama i ka hua no kekahi mau makahiki hou. Hoʻomaka ka ʻelele keiki ʻōpiopio mai ka ʻohana ma o ka makahiki 6-7 a ua kipaku ʻia no 12 mau makahiki.

Ua hoʻohālikelike ka ulu, ulu a me ka manaʻolana i ke ola o nā elepani i ke kanaka. Hana ʻia ka moekolohe wahine i ka wahine o nā ʻelele a India i ka makahiki he 10-12, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hali keiki ma ke 16 makahiki, a hiki i ka nui o nā pākēnē i nā makahiki 20 wale nō. Hiki i nā keiki ke hoʻohua a 10-17 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka hoʻokūkū me nā kāne pāloʻi e mālama iā lākou mai ka hānau ʻana. I kēia manawa, haʻalele nā ​​kāne ʻōpio i kā lākou ʻohana maoli, nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e waiho no ia no ke ola. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā poperty, a me ka oestrus i nā pākeke wahine, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e nā kūlana ʻino - nā manawa kulu a i ʻole ka weluwā nui. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono loa, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻohua i ka hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki 3-4. Ma ke ola holoʻokoʻa, hāʻawi ka wahine i ka awelika o 4 litters. ʻO ka manawa nui o ka hoʻomohala ma waena o 25 a 45 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka hopena o ka haki ikaika ʻana o ka pānaʻi a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻekahi ʻōlio manuahi hoʻokahi i ka emi ʻana o ka loko wai a me ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana.

ʻO nā ʻōlapa o nā elepani ʻĀsia a me ʻAmelika

ʻO nā elefona Savannah a me nā elepani o Asia he ʻenehana ʻē aʻe. Loxodonta a Elele, nā mea wehe ʻole a ma ke ʻano maoli, mai hoʻāhewa. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1978, i loko o ka Pelekania zoo Chester Zoo me ka hōʻeu ʻole ke ala i waena o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua. ʻO ka elepona pēpē, i hānau mua ma mua, he 10 mau lā wale nō, i make i ka maʻi ʻeha. ʻO kēia wale nō ka hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ʻano kāhili.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Kuhi: ʻĀpili India

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Elephas ma Sub-Saharan ʻApika i ka wā Pliocene a hoʻolaha a puni ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. A laila hele aʻe elepani ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ʻAsia. ʻO ka hōʻike mua loa o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā elephants i loko o ka noho pio ʻana, ʻo ke kiʻi ʻana i nā sila o ke kuʻikahi mai ke awāwa ʻo Indus, e hoʻoili ana mai ka manawa 3 o SM.

He ʻauhau

Lūkini inoa Lūkia - ʻĀina ʻenia (a ʻĀsia paha)
Pelekānia inoa Pelekane - elephant elephant
Latin inoa - Elephas maximus
Palapala - Proboscidea (Proboscidea)
Kanaka - Elephants (Elephantidae)

ʻO ka hoahānau pili pili loa o ka ʻĀleao ʻAmelika i ʻānai ʻia ka Elepani ʻAmelika. Kahi like ʻole kēia mau ʻano ikaika o nā holoholona ikaika, akā nui ka ʻokoʻa no nā zoologists kikoʻī iā lākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano.

Elephant a me ke kāne

ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka pilina pili ʻana o nā elepani a me nā kānaka i hala i mau tausani makahiki a ua piha ʻo ia i nā kue. ʻAi ʻia nā elepani a makaʻu a makaʻu hoʻi: ʻo lākou ka pilikino o ka ikaika a me ka mana. Hoʻopili nā elepani i nā hanana hiʻona, a kokoke loa iā lākou a luku ʻia lākou no ka ivory (tusks). Hoʻohana ʻia nā elepona o nā kamaʻāina i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka mahi ʻana i ka mahiʻai, a ʻānai pinepine nā mau ʻohana holoholona i nā huaʻai. ʻO ka pūʻali koa, ka puʻu me nā elepani, i hoʻohana mau ʻia a hiki i kēia wā, ʻoiai nā ʻenehana loea hou, ʻo nā elepani ka mea lawe kelepona loa i loko o ka ulu lāʻau.

ʻO ke koi nui loa i nā tusks i nā makahiki he 150 i hala iho nei ua alakaʻi ʻia kahi pōʻino e pili ana i ka nui o nā elephants. Eia kekahi, i kēia manawa, no ka hapa nui o nā pae, ke hoʻoikaika ikaika nei ka poʻe i nā elepani no ka noho ʻana, a ʻo ia nō kēia me kahi nui e hoʻoweliweli ʻia i nā elepani.

ʻĀlio ʻolopa

He ʻaneʻane loa ʻo ia i ko ʻAmelika ma ka nui a me ke koʻikoʻi, a loaʻa ke kīpihi ma lalo o 5 a me ka hapaono ʻaneʻane e ka hopena o kona ola, ʻo ka savannah (ʻAmelika) hiki i ka pua o nā kaupa a i ka 7 ʻona.

ʻO nā mea ʻeha maʻalahi ka ʻāʻī o ka huluhulu.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻolako i ka holoholona i nā manawa maʻamau i nā ʻōpala a me nā kaʻina wai, pale iā ia mai ka hoʻoluhi ʻana o ka nāwaliwali, puhi a me nā mea ʻino manuʻai.

ʻO ka ʻili nāʻu nāwili piha (a hiki i ka 2,5 cm mānoanoa) ke uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu, kahi holoi ʻia me nā hana pinepine ma nā lāʻau. ʻO ia ke kumu e nānā pinepine ai nā elepani.

Pono ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai - ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka holo ʻana, e pale aku ana i ka elepani mai ka wela loa.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka epnmis thinnest kokoke i kahi anus, waha a me loko o nā auricles.

ʻO ka kala maʻamau o ka ʻōpū ʻĀina e like me nā kala ʻeleʻele a i ke aniani, akā aia nō kekahi mau albinos (ʻaʻole keʻokeʻo, akā naʻe wale nō e ʻoi aku ka nani ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa i loko o ka pua).

Kakau ʻia ua hiki ʻo Elephas maximus (ʻĀlani Elepani), nona ke kino kino ma waena o 5.5 a 6,4 m, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko Aferika a ua ʻoi aku kona mau wāwae pōkole.

ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa mai ka savannah ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ke kino: ma ka ʻenekia ʻAsia, he lae, ma ka mua - nā poʻohiwi.

ʻO ka māhele o ka hoʻolaha a me kahi noho

ʻO ka ʻāpana hoʻoili o kēia lā ʻo ka ʻĀlani ʻĀpelia ʻo Peninsula Hindustan, Indochina, Malaysia, Thailand a me nā mokupuni o Asia. I hope hoʻi i nā kenekulia 16-17. ua loaʻa ma Central India, Gujarat a ma ka mokupuni o Kalimantan, aia i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe elepani hihiu.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka elepani o Asia ma mua o ka ʻApelika, ka mea i noho ma ka nahele. Ma ka manawa like, makemake ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau mālamalama me kahi māhuahua pōkole o nā kumulāʻau a me ke ʻano nui o ka lāʻau. I ke kauwela, piʻi nui nā elepani i nā mauna ma nā pali lāʻau, a ma Himalaya ua loaʻa lākou ma kahi o ka palena o nā kolo mau loa.

Hoike

ʻO ke kani pinepine e hana ʻia e nā elephants, ua like ia me kahi haunaele. Lohe ʻia kēia kani ma kahi mamao o 1 km a akaka paha e hōʻike ana i kahi luhi a hoʻohana ʻia paha e mālama i ka pili ma waena o nā holoholona. Inā ʻike ka ʻāina i kahi e ʻai ai nā elepani a ʻike nā holoholona i kekahi i kekahi, hana nui lākou i nā kani ma ka nui. Pīlī nā elepani, ke pana lākou.
Hiki i nā ʻōlima hina ke kamaʻilio ma luna o nā lōʻihi me ke kōkua o nā leo i kahi mea infrasound. ʻO ka mea e kū ana ma hope o kahi ʻelele e hoʻōloʻo ana i ke ʻano "kahe", akā, ke neʻe nei i kahi mau mika ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ia e manaʻo i kekahi mea, aʻo nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe e lohe maikaʻi i ke kani. I nā pō mālie, hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia nā leo a hiki i ka 300 mika square. km

ʻO ka hānai kai a me ka hānai

Noho nā elepani i ʻekolu hapaha o ko lākou manawa e ʻohi ai i ka meaʻai. I nā elepani ʻĀsia, ʻokoʻa loa ka meaʻai a pili i ka 100 mea kanu mea kanu, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ma kahi o 85% o kona nui e hāʻule ai ma ka 10-15 mau meaʻai punahele.

ʻO kēia mau mea kanu nui me nā mea kanu e koi ai i ka ʻai nui: i ka wā maloʻo, ʻai ka ʻelele ʻelemakule i 100-150 kg i kēlā me kēia lā, i loko o ka palu - mai 200 a 280 kg.

I ka ua maloʻo, ʻai nā ʻelele i nā lau nui ma mua o ka mea hoʻolaʻa lāʻau i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, i ka manawa maloʻo - ʻoi hoʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka lepo i momona i ka paʻakai mineral (hao, bicarbonate). Pono kahi elepani e pili ana i 180 liters o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻopau maʻa mau lākou i ko lākou make wai i ka manawa a hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole manaʻo i ka nānā wai. I ka nui o kā lākou meaʻai i ka wai, hiki i nā holoholona ke hana me ka wai ʻole no kekahi mau lā. Ma kekahi mau wahi hāpana, ua ʻeli nā elele i nā moena maloʻo o nā kahawai a hiki i ka pae ʻāina. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā elepani, ua noho mau nā pūlima liʻiliʻi e lawelawe nei i nā wahi wai no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana

Hiki i ka mea pīpī o ka elephant ʻAsia ma nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka lāhui i nā kāne i kēlā me kēia mele. Ke hiki aku nei i 20 mau makahiki, hele nā ​​elepani kāne maʻamau i kahi kūlana physiological i kapa ʻia. Ka pae o ka sex sex - testosterone - hoʻonui i ke koko ma o 20 mau manawa, lilo ka elephant i ke ʻano nui, hoʻomaka kahi hiwahi ʻeleʻele e kū i waho o ka pehipuhila o ka ʻili ma waena o ka maka a me ka pepeiao. ʻO ka noho hauʻoli o ke kāne i mau ʻekolu pule. ʻO ka elepani i ka manawa Pono e makaʻu ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha iki i kekahi. Kili ʻo kēlā mau ʻelele mau ʻelele i nā wahine ʻaneʻane, e neʻe ana mai kekahi pūʻulu i kekahi.

Hana ʻia nā keiki ʻelima i hoʻokahi wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki 4 a 5 paha.

He nui loa nā nānā ma ka hānau ʻana o nā elepani. Hoʻomaka ka hānau ʻana i ka pō, hoʻopau koke loa, a pono e nānā ke kanaka nānā i ke kūpono ma kahi kūpono i ka manawa kūpono. Ma hope o 22 mau lā o ka hāpai ʻana, e hoʻopuka ana ka ʻelele i kahi elepani liʻiliʻi e kaupaona ana mai ka 90 a 115 kg. Hoʻā pinepine ʻia ka hanana i loko o ka pipi, a hiki koke aku nā lālā o nā ʻohana iā ia e aloha me ka paʻi ʻana o kahi ʻāpana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine kahi wahine ʻōpio i kahi wahine i loko o ka hānau keiki e mālama pono i kāna pēpē, loaʻa i ka ʻike no ka ʻaha makuahine. Kōkua ʻo ia iā ia e puka i waho o ka laikahi hānau a loaʻa i nā ʻūpī e kū ana ma kona umauma. E hānai ʻia nā kamaliʻi e ka waha, ʻaʻole i piha. Ua inu lākou i ka wai ma ka waha, a hoʻomaka wale e hoʻohana i kā lākou ʻōpala i ka makahiki 5-6 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū 2-3 mau makahiki, akā mai nā hebedoma e hoʻomaka ana ka pēpē keiki e ʻai i nā meaʻai mea kanu, kahi a ka wahine a me nā ʻohana makua ʻē aʻe e haki ai, a laila lawelawe i ka pēpē pololei i ka waha.

Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā ʻelele pēpē. Mai ka wā hānau o ka 4 mau makahiki, ulu nui lākou, e loaʻa ana ka paona mai 9 a 20 kg i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ma ka piha o 4 mau makahiki, he hoʻomaka ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. I ka hiki ʻana i ka wā makua (i ka mau makahiki 10-12) e ulu mau ana ka wahine, akā lohi, nui a ulu nui nā kāne. Ke hoʻomau nei nā elepani i ko lākou ola āpau, ʻo nā holoholona nui loa, ʻo ia nō ka hānau mua loa, a ma o ke ʻano ka nui o ka paona ʻana ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine i hiki ke kokoke i ka ʻelua haneli.

ʻO nā elepani ʻenekia ma ka muʻu i Moscow

Mālama ʻia nā elepani ʻenia i loko o kā mākou zoo mai ka wā kahiko - ua ʻike ʻia ka hulu mua i ka 1898. ʻO nā elepani e noho pū me mākou i hoʻopau i ka Moscow Zoo ma 1985.

Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a hāʻawi ʻo Vietnam i ʻehā mau elepani. Ua hoʻopiʻi maluhia lākou ʻelua mau moana, akā i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka moku me nā holoholona i ka mokupuni, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka pilina o nā elepona i nā maʻi wāwae a me ka waha, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Cuba i kēia maʻi. No ka hopohopo i kahi maʻi, ʻaʻole hōʻole nā ​​luna i ka makana. I kēlā manawa, ua kau ʻo nā elepani i kekahi mau mahina, a ua wikiwiki loa ke hoʻoholo no ka mea e hana ai iā lākou. Ua ʻae ʻo Moscow Zoo e ʻae i nā holoholona, ​​a holo ʻo ka moku no Leningrad. Hele mai ka hoʻoilo. Ua make kekahi wahine i ke ala, ʻaʻole i ala ka lua, a ua pau loa ka kāne a me ke kolu o ka wahine. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hoʻouna ʻia ke kaʻa ʻole me ke kali ʻole, ʻekolu ola o ka elepani i ola a ola hou.

I ka makahiki 1995, ua hānau ʻo Pipita, i ke kolu o ka moʻaukala o kā mākou zoo elephant keiki, e noho nei i kēia manawa ma Zoovan.

No nā elepani i ka wā e hana hou ai i ka zoo ma 2004, ua kūkulu ʻia kekahi elele hou, aia aia nō ma ka ʻāina kahiko ma kahi o ka "Bird House". I ka makahiki 2009, ua hānau ʻia kekahi Elephant iā Pipita - ʻo ʻoidid. Ua hoʻopuni ʻo kona makuahine a me kona ʻanakē me ka mālama a me ke aloha. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, make ʻo Prima i ka makahiki 2014 - ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ke olakino maikaʻi mai ka wā kamaliʻi. I Mei 2017, ua hānau ʻo Pipita i ke kolu o ka pēpē pēpē ʻolua - Philemon.

Hoʻopau kā mākou mau elepani i ke kauwela ma nā pā o ke alanui, a i ka hoʻoilo ke ʻike ʻia i loko o ka pā. Kokoke ʻo Kiprida me kona makuahine me ka nui, e mālama ʻo Pipita iā ia. Manaona nui ka poʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia he lōlō he ʻelele lōʻihi, a ʻo nā Pamir me Pipita i ko lākou moʻokela, kahi mea e pili ana i 30 mau makahiki he nui, a ke lanaʻi nei kāua keiki.

ʻAi nā elele i kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 150 kg o ka meaʻai. ʻAi ʻia lākou i ka mauʻu, i ʻole mauʻu, nā ʻuala, kāloti, beets, berena, wīwī. Nui loa nā maiʻa a me nā ʻuala. I ka hoʻoilo, hoihoi nā elepani i ka iho i ka ua, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no lākou i ka elephant, a i ke kauwela i ke kauwela hoʻoluʻu lākou e hauʻoli nei i ka loko. ʻO kekahi manawa makemake lākou e puni a puni me ka poʻe malihini: kiola i kahi manure a pānaʻi paha i ka wai mai kahi ʻōpala.

ʻŌpili a me nā niho

Ua like nā kime me nā pepeiaohao nunui, e puka ana ma ka waha. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia nā mea o ka manuahi lōʻihi ma luna o nā kāne, e ulu ana i 20 kenimika ma kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka tusk o kahi elephian India i liʻiliʻi loa i ka nui (2-3 mau manawa) ma mua o ka tusk o kāna hoahānau ʻArika, a ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 25 kg me ka lōʻihi o 160 cm.

ʻOkoʻa nā kākaʻi ʻaʻole i ka nui wale nō, akā i ke ʻano a me ke kiko o ka ulu ʻana (ʻaʻole i mua, akā he ʻaoʻao wale).

ʻO Makhna kahi inoa kūikawā i kālima ʻia no nā tusks ʻAmelika ʻole elepanie nui ana kēia ma Sri Lanka.

Hoʻopili i nā mea hoʻokalakupua elongated, ua paʻa ka pūliki me ka 4 molars, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e ulu ana i kahi hapaha mika. Ke hoʻololi nei lākou i ka wili ʻana, a ʻokiʻoki hou nā mea hou ma hope o nā niho kahiko, me ka neʻe i mua.

I kahi elepani ʻAmelika, e loli nā niho i 6 mau manawa i ke ola, a ʻike ʻia nā mea hope loa i ka makahiki he kanahā.

He hoihoi! ʻO ke ʻili i ka nohona kūlohelohe he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hopena o kahi elephant: a pau ka lapalapa hope loa, ʻaʻole hiki i ka holoholona ke pipiʻi i ka lāʻau ulu a make i ka pau ʻana. I ke kūlohelohe, hana kēia i nā makahiki 70 lālani.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka ʻenekia Inia?

Kuhi: nā ʻĀpana ʻehā

ʻO nā ʻili ʻĀpī ʻĀpelilima nā maka mai ka ʻāina nui: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, ka Peninsula Melayu, Laos, Kina, Kambila a me Vietnam. Hoʻopau piha ʻia e like me kahi iwi ma Pakistan. Noho ia i nā nahele, a me nā nahele lāʻau evergreen a me semi-evergreen.

I nā makahiki mua o 1990s, ka nui o nā ʻōiwi hihiu i:

• 27,700–31,300 ma India, kahi i kaupalena ʻia ka helu i ʻehā mau wahi laulā: ma ke komohana ʻākau ma ka wāwae o ka Himalaya ma Uttarakhand a me Uttar Pradesh, a ʻākau - mai ka palena hikina o Nepal a hiki i Assam komohana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena - ma Odisha, Jharkhand a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o West Bengal, kahi e holo ai nā holoholona. I ka hema, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lehulehu he mau lālā mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Karnataka,
• Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi kanaka 100-1125 ma Nepal, kahi i kaupalena ʻia ko lākou kiko i nā wahi i mālama ʻia. I ka makahiki 2002, ua helu nā pahuhopu mai 106 a 172 mau elepani, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou ma Bardia National Park.
• 150–250 elepani ma Bangladesh, kahi e noho wale ai nā kānaka noho liʻiliʻi
• 250-500 ma Bhutan, kahi e kaupalena ʻia ai ko lākou palena i nā wahi i mālama ʻia ma ke kūkulu hema ma India.
• Ma kahi kahi he 4000-5000 ma Myanmar, kahi e hakakā nui nā helu (nā wahine wahine)
• 2,500-3,200 kanaka i Thailand, ʻo ka mea nui i nā kuahiwi ma ka palena me Myanmar, me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia ma ke kūkulu hema o ka peni,
• 2100–3100 ma Malaysia,
• 500–1000 Laos, kahi e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai lākou ma nā wahi nahele, ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe a ma nā pāpū.
• 200–250 ma Kina, kahi i ola ai nā elepani o ʻAmelika olaila wale nō i nā prefecture o Xishuangbanna, Simao a me Lintsang ma ka hema ʻo Yunnan,
• 250-600 i Kambila, kahi a lākou e noho ai ma nā puʻu o ke kūkulu hema a me nā panalāʻau o Mondulkiri a me Ratanakiri,
• ʻO 70-1-150 ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Vietnam.

ʻAʻole pili kēia mau helu helu i nā kanaka pilikino.

He aha kā ka ʻai ʻĀina Kina?

Nā kiʻi: ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Elepani i nā mea kanu a hoʻopau i nā kiʻekiʻe o 150 mau mea kanu i ka lā. Ma kahi o 1,130 km² i ke kūkulu hema ʻo India, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā elepani i hānai ʻia ma ka 112 o nā mea kanu like ʻole, ka hapa pinepine mai ka legume, palapa, mika a me nā ʻohana nāhelehele. Ke kāpae ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā greens i ka manawa. I ka wā e kū mai ai nā mea kanu hou i ʻApelila, ʻai lākou i nā pua ulu.

Ma hope mai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā mea kanu i ka palena o m 0.5 m, ʻoi aku nā ʻenekia o India me ka lapalapa o ka honua, hoʻokaʻawale i ka honua a hoʻopaʻa i nā kumulāʻau hou, akā haʻalele i nā aʻa. I ka wā hāʻule, hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā elepani a hoʻopili i nā mea kanu succulent. I ka māla, nā hua ʻōpio, nā kumu a me nā ʻōpū ʻaoʻao makemake i ka ʻai.

I ka manawa maloʻo mai Ianuali a ʻApelila, kākā nā ʻenehana o India i ka lau a me nā lālā, makemake nui i nā lau hou, a ʻai i nā hua acasia acickly me kahi ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Ke hānai nei lākou i ka pā lāʻau akasia keʻokeʻo a me nā mea kanu kanu ʻē aʻe a hoʻopau i nā hua o kahi hua lāʻau (feronium), lāʻau māhu (a me India) a me nā lāʻau pāma.

He mea nui ia! ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nohona kahi e koi ai i nā elepani e huli i nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe ma nā mahiʻai, nā ʻāina noho a me nā mea kanu i ulu i ko lākou mau ʻāina kahiko.

I loko o ka moʻomeheu National Bardia i Nepal, ua nui nā elepani o India i ka nui o ka hoʻoilo ma ka mauʻu i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā monsoon. I ka manawa maloʻo, ua ʻoi nui lākou i ka ʻili, ʻoiai ka nui o kā lākou meaʻai i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka manawa.

I loko o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma 160 km² o ka ʻāina ulu malū ma Assam, ua ʻike ʻia ua hānai nā elepani ma kahi o ka 20 mauʻu o ka mauʻu, nā mea kanu, a me nā kumulāʻau. ʻO nā mea kanu, e like me ka leersia, i mamao loa i ka mea maʻamau o kā lākou meaʻai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: holoholona holoholona ʻĀpana

ʻO ka mau momi India e hahai ana i nā ala hele i hoʻokae ʻia i ka wā monsoon. ʻO ka makahiapo mai ka bipi kau ke kuleana e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā ala o ka neʻe ʻana o kāna ʻohana. Ka neʻe ʻana o ka lele elephant ma waena o nā wā maloʻo a maloʻo. E kū ana nā pilikia inā kūkulu ʻia nā mahiʻai ma ke ala o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻohana. I kēia hihia, hana ʻino nā kālipā Inia i ka māla mahiʻai hou.

ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā elepani i kahi maluhia ma mua o ka wela. ʻO ka maʻamau ma ke awakea ke kau nei lākou i ka pale a kani i ka pepeiao, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomoʻo i ke kino. Kuhi ʻia nā elepona Inia me ka wai, e ʻōwili nei i ka pālolo, pale i ka ʻili mai nā ʻili manu ʻana, e hoʻomoʻo a ʻā ʻia. Ke hāleʻa lākou, he lepa maikaʻi loa. Hiki i ka ʻao nā wāwae ke neʻe iā lākou ma waena o nā ʻāina.

Ke neʻe nei kahi elepana India pōpilikia e holo i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 48 km / h. Hoʻala ʻo ia i kāna huelo, e ao ana i ka pilikia. He poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi nā Elepani. Pono lākou i nā hola 4 i ka lā e hiamoe ai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e moe ma ka ʻāina, me ka ʻole o ka poʻe maʻi a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. He ʻona maikaʻi loa ka eleu o India, akā lohe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Hōkuhi kēia! Hānau ʻia nā pepeiao nui i ka elephant e like me ka mea e hoʻopili ai no ka hoʻolohe ʻana, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o kona hoʻolohe ʻana i ke kanaka. Hoʻohana lākou i ka infrasound e kamaʻilio ma nā lōʻihi lōʻihi.

He ʻano ʻakaʻaka ʻo nā keiki a nā ʻōlima, nā ʻakaʻī, nā squeals, nā aniani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ke kaʻana nei i nā hoahānau e pili ana i ka pōʻino, ke kaumaha, ka hoʻohaunaele a hōʻike i kahi makemake i kekahi.

ʻO nā mea kūlohelohe kūloko o nā ʻĀpana Inikua

Kuhi: ʻO ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Nui

Ma muli o ko lākou nui nui, he nui nā poʻe elepona India. Ma kahi o nā tusks, nā tigers nā mea nui mua, ʻoiai ke ʻimi pinepine nei lākou i nā elepani a i ʻole nāwaliwali holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole hoʻi ma kahi o ka poʻe nui a ikaika hou.

Hoʻokumu nā elepani indiana i ka pipi, no laila ua paʻakikī nā poʻe predator e hoʻololo wale iā lākou wale. He momona loa nā elepani kāne lone, no laila ʻaʻole pinepine lākou i mau pio. ʻO ka poʻe Tigers i pio ma kahi elephant i kahi pūʻulu. Hiki i kahi elemakule ke pepehi i ka tiger inā ʻaʻoleʻo ia e mālama, akā inā pōloli ka holoholona i ka nui, loaʻa lākou i ka manawa.

Noho nui nā elepani i ka wai, no laila, hiki i nā elepani ʻōpio ke lilo i mau pōpoki o nā crocodiles. Akā, ʻaʻole e pinepine ka mea i kēia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manawa, palekana nā holoholona ʻōpio. Holo pinepine ʻo Hyenas a puni ka pipi i ko lākou manaʻo e loaʻa nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ma kekahi o nā lālā o ka hui.

Ka manaʻo maoli! Pālea nā ʻelele i ka make ma kahi wahi. A ʻo kēia ke ʻano lākou ʻaʻole hiki i loko o ka make ke ʻike i ka manawa e hiki mai ai ko lākou manawa. ʻO nā wahi e hele ai nā ʻelele kahiko, ua kapa ʻia nā hale kanu elepana.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia nui loa no nā elephants e hele mai i nā kānaka. ʻAʻole he mea huna e hake nui nā kānaka iā lākou no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Me nā mea kaua a ka poʻe kānaka, ʻaʻole iki ka holoholona i ke ola.

ʻO nā holoholona nui a nunui nā holoholona ʻehā a make, a hiki ke hōʻemi nā mea liʻiliʻi i kā lākou mau waiwai i ka pō hoʻokahi mai kā lākou ala. Hana maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau holoholona i nā ʻoihana keʻena nui. Hoʻomoe i nā hōʻino holoʻokoʻa e hoʻonāukiuki i nā hana hana a make nā poʻe i nā elepani i ka hoʻopaʻi.

Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana

Kuhi: ʻĀpili India

Ke ʻimi nei ka nui o nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia i nā ʻāina hou no ke ola. Ua pili kēia i nā mea maʻamau o nā elephants o India. Ke komo hewa nei i nā wahi i pale ʻia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ululāʻau no nā alanui a me nā hana hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe - alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka noho ʻana, e waiho ana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi no ke ola no nā holoholona nui.

Ke haole ʻana o waho mai nā hale e waiho wale ana i nā elephants o India me nā kumu ʻole o nā meaʻai a me kahi e hilinaʻi ai, akā ua hoʻokaʻawale lākou iā lākou iho i kahi heluna nui a ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe aku me ko lākou ala hele mua a hui pū me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻomoe nō hoʻi ka nui o nā ʻōlima o ʻAmelika ma muli o ka hopu ʻana i ka poʻe poimana e makemake aloha i kā lākou poʻo. ʻAʻole e like me ko ka poʻe kamaʻāina ʻAmelika, ʻo nā kāne wale nō ka mea i kū i ka subspecies o India. Hoʻopau ke poimana i ka hoʻohālikelike o ka moena, kahi i kūkaʻi ai i nā helu o ka hōʻola o nā ʻano. Ke piʻi nei ka poʻi no ka noi ʻana no ka ivory waena o ʻAsia, ʻoiai aia ka pāpā i ka kālepa ivory i loko o ka honua civila.

Ma kahi kikoʻī! Ua lawe ʻia nā ʻelele ʻōpiopio mai ka hihiu mai ko lākou mau makuahine no ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa ma Thailand. Ua pepehi pinepine ʻia nā makuahine, a kau ʻia nā elepani i kahi wahine kīnā ʻole e hūnā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻaihue ʻia ʻana. Hoʻopau pinepine nā ʻelele keiki i ka “hoʻomaʻamaʻa”, ka mea e pili ana i ka hoʻopā ʻana a me ka wikiwiki.

Kahu o ʻĀpana ʻōlani

Kuhi: ʻĀpana Moʻolelo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika

Ke emi mau nei ka nui o nā elephants o India. Hoʻonui kēia i ka hōʻeha o kā lākou hoʻopau. Mai ka makahiki 1986, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka ʻenekia ʻAsia ma muli o ka ʻenemi o ka IUCN Red List, me ka nui o kona heluna he 50%. I kēia lā, aia ka hoʻonāukiuki o ka nalowale i ka pōʻino, hōʻemi a me nā ʻakiʻoni i luna o ka elephant ʻAsia.

He mea nui ia! Kahi ʻia ka elepona India i loko o nā CITES I ʻāpopo I ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka papahana ʻo Elephant e ka Ministry of Environment and forests of the Government of India e hāʻawi i ke kālā kālā a me nā loea no ka hoʻoili manu ʻole ʻana o nā keiki ʻōlima puaʻa.

Hoʻolālā ka pahuhopu i mea e ola i ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o ka nui a me nā ʻōlima elepani i ko lākou mau wahi kūlohelohe e ka pale ʻana i nā mea noho a me nā corrrators migratory. ʻO nā pahuhopu ʻē aʻe o ka papahana Elephant ke kākoʻo i ka noiʻi o ka kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokele o nā elephants, e hoʻāla i ka ʻike ʻana i ka nui o ka'āina, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama manu ʻana no nā elepani pio.

I nā kahe ʻākau o India, ma kahi kokoke i 1,160 km², hāʻawi ʻia kahi pāpū palekana no ka nui o nā elephant o ka ʻāina. Ke hana nei ka World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) i ka pale ʻana i kēia heluna o kēia elepani i ka lōʻihi e ala ana i ka mālama ʻana i kona wahi, a hoʻoneʻe nui ʻana i nā hoʻoweliweli mua, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka mālama o ka poʻe a me kona wahi.

ʻO ka hapa ma ke komohana o Nepal a me India kahiki, WWF a me kāna mau hoa e kūkulu hou ana i nā lula koi ʻana a hiki i nā elephants ke komo i ko lākou wahi no ka neʻe ʻana me ka hoʻoluhi ʻole ʻana i nā home o kānaka. ʻO ka pahuhopu lōʻihi ka mea e hoʻohui hou i nā wahi i mālama ʻia a hāpai i ka hana kaiāulu e hoʻoneʻe i ka hakakā kanaka-ʻula. Kākoʻo WWF i ka mālama ʻana i ka biodiversity a me ka ʻike ʻana o ke kaiāulu o nā hale noho ʻulaʻele.

Nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻāpana o ke kino

He naʻau puʻuwai nui (pinepine pinepine me ko luna poʻomanaʻo ʻelua) ma kahi o 30 kg, e kū ana i kahi pinepine o 30 mau manawa i hoʻokahi minuke. ʻO 10% o ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ke koko.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo o kekahi o nā momm nui loa o ka honua ke manaʻo ʻia (kūlohelohe) ʻo ia ka ikaika, ʻo ka laulima no 5 kg.

ʻO nā wahine, ʻaʻole i like nā kāne, ʻelua mau momona momona o ka umauma.

Pono nā elepani i nā pepeiao ʻaʻole wale e ʻike i nā leo, akā i mea e hoʻohana ai iā lākou e like me ke pāhoʻi, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana iā ia iho i ka wela awakea.

Loa ʻōlapa elephant honua - ʻōpalame ke kōkua o nā holoholona e ʻike i nā mea ʻala, hanu, ninini i ka wai, manaʻo a hopu i nā mea like ʻole, me ke kīʻaha.

ʻO ka ʻōpala, kokoke i kokoke ʻole o ka iwi, a me ka cartilage, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lehelehe luna a me ka ihu. ʻO ka hooneʻe koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōpala ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o 40,000 kūloko (tendons a me nā uaua). Hiki ke loaʻa ka loiloi wale nō (ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā nostrils) ma nā kihi o ka ʻāpana.

Ma ke ala, hoʻopau ka ʻōpala me kahi kaʻina aʻoaʻo loa e hiki ke ʻike i kahi mauʻu ma kahi puʻu.

A ʻo ka ʻāpana o kahi ʻeneka kūlima i paʻa i 6 mau wai o ka wai puna. ʻO ka loaʻa o ka wai, e hoʻolei ka holoholona i kahi ʻaka i hoʻopuka ʻia i loko o kona waha a ʻā ke komo i ka ʻōpū i ka ʻāʻī.

He hoihoi! Inā hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻoia iā ʻoe e loaʻa nā kuli he 4, ʻaʻole manaʻoʻiʻo: eia ʻelua wale nō o lākou. ʻO nā kihi ʻē aʻe o nā wili, ʻaʻole ia he elbow, akā me ka wahī.

Roa a me subspecies

Noho ma laila ʻo Elephas maximus i ʻĀsia Hema mai Mesopotamia a hiki i ka Semenia Malay, e noho ana (ma ka ʻākau) nā kahawai o ka Himalaya, nā mokupuni pilikino o Indonesia a me ke awāwa ʻo Yangtze ma Kina.

I ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, ua hoʻomālohe ka ulu i loaʻa i nā loli i loaʻa. Noho nā ʻĀlima ʻĀsia e noho nei ma India (Hema a me North-East), Nepal, Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, South-West China, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam a me Brunei.

Hoʻolālā nā poʻe ʻepekema i ʻelima mau subspecies o nā Elephas maximus:

• indikus (Indiana elephant) - nā kāne o kēia subspecies i mālama i nā tusks. Loaʻa nā holoholona i nā wahi kūloko a Hema a me North-East India, ka Himalaya, Kina, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia a me ka Malay Peninsula,
• maximus (ʻAlani Lankan Elephant) - nā kāne maʻamau ʻaʻohe make o ka lālani. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui loa (e kū'ē i ke kua o ke kino) ke poʻo me ka mau ʻoki poʻokela ma ke kumu o ka ʻāpana a me ka lae. Noho ma Sri Lanka
• nā subspecies kūikawā Elephas maximus, loaʻa nō hoʻi ma Sri Lanka. ^ E Ha yM. Aia ka liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe ma mua o 100 elepani, keu i ka ulu nui o kā lākou mau hoa noho i ka helehelena. ʻO kēia mau kanaka nunui e noho nei ma ka ululāʻau o Northern Nepal he 30 cm ʻoi aʻe e ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻelele ʻĀpana maʻamau.
• bearensis (Kelepona ʻo Bornean) - kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā auricles nui loa, ʻoi aku ka pololei a me ka huelo lōʻihi. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻelele ma ka ʻākau ma ka hikina o ka mokupuni o Borneo,
• sumatrensis (sumatran elephant) - ma muli o kona nui lohi ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka "elephant elepani". Mai haʻalele iā Sumatra.

ʻO ka moʻokua a me ka hoʻokaʻawale wahine

Kūkulu ʻia nā pilina ma loko o ka ʻohana elepani: ma laila, aia kekahi, ʻo ka wahine ʻoi loa ka ʻāina, nāna e alakaʻi i nā kaikuahine, ʻoi aku, nā keiki kāne, a me nā kāne pū a pau ʻaʻole i hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio.

ʻO nā elepani ʻehā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mālama wale ʻia, a ʻo nā ʻelemakule wale nō i ʻae ʻia me ka hui e alakaʻi ʻia e ka matriarch.

Ma kahi o 150 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, aia nō kēlā mau holoholona he 30, 50 a ʻoi hoʻi nā holoholona 100, i ko mākou manawa, kau pū kekahi mai 2 a 10 mau makuahine i kaumaha me kā lākou mau pā.

Ma ka 10-12 makahiki ua hiki nā keiki i nā wā ʻōpiopio, akā aia wale nō i ka 16 makahiki hiki ke hānau, a ma hope o 4 mau makahiki ua manaʻo ʻia he pākeke. Loaʻa ka uluʻana o ka momona ma waena o 25 a 45 mau makahiki: i kēia manawa, hāʻawi ka elepani i ka 4 litters, e helu ana i ka hapalua i kēlā me kēia makahiki 4 mau makahiki.

Ke ulu nei ka kāne, loaʻa i ka hiki ke kōpaʻa, waiho i kā lākou kama'āina i ka makahiki o 10-17 mau makahiki a lele wīwī a hiki i ke komo ʻana o kā lākou mau mākele wahine.

ʻO ke kumu o nā papa inoa inoa ma waena o nā kāne kiʻekiʻe i ka hoa hana ma ka estrus (2-4 lā). Ma ke kaua, ʻaʻole ka maʻi o nā hoa kaua wale nō i ko lākou olakino, akā ke ola nei nō lākou, no ka mea, aia kahi kūlana kūikawā i kapa ʻia i kāhea ʻia (unuhi ʻia mai Urdu - "ʻuʻuku").

Hoʻokuʻu ka mea lanakila i nā wimps a ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka mea i koho ʻia no 3 mau pule.

ʻO nā mea e pono ai, ma ka testosterone e piʻi aku i nā pae a hiki i 2 mau mahina: hoʻopoina nā elepani i ka meaʻai a ʻuhi a ʻimi i nā wahine i estrus. ʻElua mau ʻano holoʻokoʻa ka ʻano o ka pono: pline i ka wai a me ka wai me nā pheromones odorous, kahi mea i hana ʻia e ka lepa ma waena o ka maka a me ka pepeiao.

Hoʻokomo wale nā ​​elephants i nā keiki no kā lākou ʻohana. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka "intoxication" kūʻē lākou i nā poʻe.

Progeny

ʻAʻole pili ia i ka puʻu o nā ʻōlima Inia i ka manawa o ka makahiki, ʻoiai he maloo a i ʻole ka puʻu ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona e hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka estrus a hiki ʻoi aku ka poperty.

Aia ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine a hiki i 22 mau mahina, i hoʻokumu piha ʻia e 19 mau mahina: i ke koena i koe, loaʻa wale ke kaumaha.

I ka wā hānau, uhi nā wahine i ka wahine i loko o ka hana, e kū nei i loko o ka pōʻai.Hānau ka elepani i kahi (hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi) ʻelua mau ʻāpana me ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi mita a me ke kaupaʻa ʻana a hiki i 100 kg. Ua ʻoi ʻia ʻo ia i nā mea e hoʻopau ai i ka wā e hoʻohuli ana i nā niho waiū me nā mea mau.

He mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē pēpē e kū kū ana a hū waiū i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a hūloʻaka ka makuahine i ke keiki me ka lepo a me ka honua, i hiki ʻole ai i kāna mea ʻoluʻolu e lūlū i nā mea kikoʻī.

E hala kekahi mau lā, e holoholo ka pēpē me ka poʻe āpau, e pili ana i ka huʻu a me ka proboscis.

ʻAe ʻia ka ʻelele keiki i ka waiū waiū ma luna o nā ʻelele a lactating. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili lākou i ka umauma o ke keiki i nā makahiki 1.5-2. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaka ka bipi keiki elepani e hoʻoheheʻe i ka waiū e hānai ana me nā lau a me nā lau i nā makahiki ʻeono.

Ma kahi hānau, ua hānai ka elephant, no ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai ka pēpē i ka momona o kāna mau feces. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ʻai ana ka bipi elephant iā lākou a laila i komo nā ʻalani undigested ʻelua a me nā mea maʻi simbiotic e komo ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā cellulose i loko o ke kino.

ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe āu e pono ai e ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻenē elima

He lāʻauʻala kēia e ʻai ana mai ka 150 a 300 kg o ka mauʻu, ka ʻōpala, nā lau, nā pua, nā hua a me nā hua pua i kēlā lā.

ʻO Elepani kekahi o nā mea nui loa (e lawe ana i nā nui o nā mea make) no ka mea kanu, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou mau puaʻa e hōʻino nui ʻia i ka kōpaʻa, ka maiʻa, a me ka laʻu.

Hōʻalo ʻia kahi pōkoki holoʻokoʻa 24 mau hola no kahi elea ua emi iho ma lalo o ka hapalua o ka meaʻai. I ke ao, ua inu nui nā mea inu mai 70 a 200 lita o ka wai, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ʻole ai i kahi mamao mai ke kumu.

Hiki i nā Elephants ke hōʻike i nā manaʻo hilinaʻi. He kaumaha maoli lākou inā make paha nā ʻelele keiki hou a i ʻole nā ​​lālā ʻē aʻe o ke kaiāulu. Hāʻawi nā hanana hauʻoli i nā elepani i ke kumu e leʻaleʻa a ʻakaʻaka hoʻi. Ke ʻike nei i kahi elepani i hāʻule i ka lapalapa, e kūpaʻa maoli kahi pākeke i kāna ʻōpala e kōkua. Hiki i nā elephant ke hoʻopili pono i kekahi i kekahi me nā ʻōpala.

I ka makahiki 1986, ua pā nā mea kanu (e kokoke kokoke ana i ka hala) nā ʻaoʻao o ka International Red Book.

He kumu kumu no ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā elephants o India (a hiki i 2-5% i kēlā me kēia makahiki):

• ka mea no ka niho palaoa a me ka ʻai
• e ʻimi ana ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka mahiʻai,
• ka hana ʻana o ka pōʻai pili i nā hana a ke kanaka,
• make ma lalo o nā wili o nā kaʻa.

ʻAʻole kūlohelohe kanaka maoli i ka ʻenemi, me ka ʻole o ke kanaka: akā ua make pinepine nā elepani i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā liona ʻāmaʻī a me nā tigers.

Noho nā elepani o ʻAsia no 60-70 mau makahiki ma ka hihiu, he 10 mau makahiki hou aku i nā zoos.

He hoihoi! ʻO ka ʻenehana elepani kaulana loa ʻo Lin Wang mai Taiwan, i hele i nā kūpuna ma 2003. He kaua hakakā maikaʻi hoʻi i hakakā ai, "kaua" ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūʻali koa Kina i ka lua o ka Kaua Koa-Iapana (1937-1954). I ka manawa make, ua ʻo 86 mau makahiki o Lin Wang.