I ke koʻokoʻo rodent beaohao ua manaʻo like paha ʻo ia he mea nui loa. I ka ʻākau Hemolele, ʻaʻohe like o ka nui. Akā ma ke Komohana hiki ʻo capybara ke hoʻohālikelike iā lākou - kahi momi, kahi i waena o nā rodents o ka honua honua hihiu he poʻokela loa.
E like me nā beavers, ʻo ka poʻe o kēlā e noho nei ma ke kaona o Eurasia he mita, a ʻoi aku ia ma mua o kēlā, ka nui, me ko lākou paona i hiki ke 32 kg. Eia nō naʻe, ma Kanada he mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana beaver a nui loa nā keu. ʻO ka paona o nā kānaka kahiko ke hiki ke hōʻea i nā hōʻailona o 45 kg.
I ke kiʻi, kahi beaver maʻamau
A ʻaʻole nō kēlā nā pua Iā ʻoi loa ka Pūnaewele Hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki ʻōpio wale nō, akā, i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, a no laila, hiki i ka makahiki ke hiki ke kaena i nā pae kau o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻokūkū o nā kāne o kēia mau holoholona e noho nei ma kēia mau ʻāina ʻelua, ʻo ia nā mea e pili ana i ka hapalua wahine e noho aliʻi nei i nā mea a pau, e komo me ka nui a me ka nunui.
Kupanaha nō hoʻi nā kūpuna kūpuna i nā beavers hou - nā mea ola i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole ma Asia a i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ka hopena o Eocene (40 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku) a ua ola ʻia ma ka Honua ma hope aʻe, ua like me ʻaneʻe ʻekolu mau mika ka nui a me ka nui o ka 350 kg (he mau manaʻo kēia. Pākuʻi ʻia nā fossil i kēlā mau manawa i hōʻike ʻia e nā paleontologists e hōʻike pū).
Loaʻa i ka beaver o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona. Ke nānā nei ka ʻūhā me ka puʻupuʻu pōkole, a ʻo nā limu lima ponoʻī me nā lima lima ikaika. Ua liʻiliʻi ia ke poʻo o ka holoholona, elongated ka muzzle, ke poʻo ka ihu.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā maka i nā hakahaka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me ka ihu nui. ʻO nā pepeiao ka beaver he pālahalaha loa, he pōkole, me he mea lā e hōʻoki ʻia. ʻO kēia mau mea semi-aquatic, a no laila ke ʻano o lākou he nui nā kikoʻī o ka helehelena e kōkua iā lākou e noho ʻoluʻolu me kēia wahi.
A ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo ia nā membran ma nā kuʻekuʻe a me ka huelo lōʻihi e lōʻihi ana, ua uhi ʻia me nā lauoho spandse a me nā ʻili horny, a me ka hulu no ka hulu manu ʻole. He undercoat maloʻo ka hope, ma luna o ia mea e ulu nui ai ka lauoho a me ka lauoho coarer. ʻO kēia hulu a nani a nani hoʻi, hiki ke ʻeleʻele, ka ʻōmala i kahi pālahalaha nui a i ʻole nā kala melemele.
Nā ʻāpana o nā beavers
ʻO ka ʻohana o nā beavers i nā wā prehistoric i hōʻike ʻia i mua o kēia manawa. Akā i kēia lā ua komo wale ʻelua mau mea i hala e haʻi i luna, no ka mea ua hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia lākou e nā noho.
Kahawai ka wai
ʻO kēia nā ʻano Eurasian a me Kanata. Hiki iā lākou ke wehewehe wale i nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi, aʻo ka mea e ʻōlelo nei ke ʻano he mea manawaleʻa lākou ʻelua. I kēia manawa, ma waena o nā rodents, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā genetics, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻohana ʻili e pili pono ana, ʻoiai ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano hoʻohālikelike proteinaceous.
- ʻO ka muliwai (maʻamau) maʻamau - e like me ka mea maʻamau ka inoa i ka ʻano Eurasian. Ke kiʻi nei ʻo ia ma Russia, he mea noho hoʻi o Kina a me Mongolia. Ma ka maʻamau o ka noho ʻana ma kahi kokoke i ke kaona o ka wao nahele ala (nā loko, nā loko a i nā kahawai wai ʻole), nā mākaʻi waiwai nui i nā mea kanu lau.
- Noho ka ʻānani Kanaka ma Kanada kūkulu hema a me kekahi mau mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi i ka manawa i hala, ua komo ke ʻano o nā ʻano (ʻo ka nui loa, i hoʻokomo ʻia) i Scandinavia. Ma laila ua hana ʻo ia i ka aʻa a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pālahalaha aku ma ka hikina. Nā ʻelele o kēia, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe mua, e noho kokoke i ka wai a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho ʻole inā ʻaʻole ia. Aia ia ma ia mea i hoʻolilo lākou i kahi hapa nui o ko lākou ola.
I ka helehelena o like ke kū like o nā lālā o nā mea ʻelua. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo o ka noho ʻana o ka Honua ma ke poʻo kahiko a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka helehelena, nā muzzle, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hoahānau pili i hōʻike ʻia, he mea pōkole loa, ʻaʻole i waiwai ka pale ʻia, ka ʻili liʻiliʻi a me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. Ua emi iki ke kino o nā poʻe ʻAmelika, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pepeiao, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e holo i ko lākou mau wāwae hema. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kala-ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.
Palena Kanada
I ka hōʻike ʻana o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua, heʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano genetic. ʻAʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā helu o kā lākou chromosome (48 ma ka muliwai a me 40 ma ke Kanada), e wehewehe ana i ka hopena o ke kiʻi ʻana i kēia mau mea e pili ana i nā ʻano mea nānā mua, ʻoiai ua hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia e nā ʻepekema.
I hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala, ua noho maluhia kēia mau luna o ka manuʻa. ʻAʻohe mea ʻokoʻa ʻē a ulana Lūkia. Akā ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hana pale e pale aku ai iā lākou. Noho ʻo kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻāina ākea o ko mākou ʻāina, e hoʻomaka ana mai Siberia a hoʻopau me Kamchatka.
Kāleka
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia ʻo ka beaver muliwai ka mea nui i ka Russia a me nā ʻāina e pili ana.. ʻO ka nui beo, a i ʻole ka beaver lōʻihi, heʻuʻuku paha ma mua o ka mika, ke kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o 40 cm. Ma kahi o 30 kg ka nui o ka beaver.
He nani kona ʻulaʻula, kokoke i ka wai ʻole. Ma luna - kūmole lauoho māloʻo lalo, ma lalo - kahi undercoat mānoanoa palupalu. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o ke kapa e ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula māmā, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha.
He kino squat ke holoholona, nā pōkole pōkole me nā lima palima lima lima a me nā paʻa ikaika. Ua like ka huʻu me kahi oʻe ma ka helehelena, he lōʻihi a hiki i 30 cm, ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi horny a me nā lauoho lahilahi. He mau maka liʻiliʻi ko ka rodent, mau pepeiao a laulā. ʻO kēia wehewehe ʻana o ka beaver ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohilahila me nā mea wai wai ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Ma muli o nā wahi i kau ai nā beavers he mea maʻalahi loa ia no ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mai nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. Ma nā wahi e lawe ai kēia mau holoholona i kā lākou hana koʻikoʻi, aia nā manawa he nui i hāʻule nui ʻia me kahi ʻoki ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka pipi. Pono nā mea paʻahana i ka mea e pono ai no ka hana a me ke kūkulu. A, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hiki ʻana mai o nā beaver ma kekahi wahi i ka nui o ke kaiāulu: he loko, kahi kaiāulu, kahi muliwai, a i ʻole ka kahawai.
I ka ʻōlelo kumu, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau mea semi-aquatic ke ola me ka wai ʻole, akā me ka ʻole o ka ea ke hiki lākou i ka hapalua o ka hola. A no laila, i kekahi pōpilikia, no ka laʻana, e hūnā ana i nā mea wīwī: he ʻolio, he bear a he ʻoliva paha, hele aku kēia mau mea i lalo o ka wai, kahi e noho ai lākou. Noho lākou i nā ʻohana kaiāulu nui, a me ko lākou mau lālā, inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i ko lākou hōʻeha ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻohana. I kēlā mau manawa beaver holoholona ka palaki ʻana i ka wai ikaika me kāna huʻu. A ua ʻike koke ʻia kēia hōʻailona e nā kānaka a pau mai kāna ʻoihana, i loko o ke kō.
E hana luhi nei kēia mau mea i ka kauwela, akā hana lākou me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō, e hana ana i ka pō a hiki i ke kakahiaka, a hoʻomaha lākou i ka lā. ʻO kā lākou hana ka mea e hina i nā lāʻau a kūkulu. A ma kēia ua kōkua ʻia ko lākou mau niho hake ʻokoʻa, hiki ke ʻokiʻoki i ka lāʻau. Hiki i kahi beaver ke hina i lalo o kahi lāʻau i lalo i ka hapalua hola, akā i kekahi manawa e hana ia i nā mea nunui a me nā mānoanoa no kekahi mau pō i ka lālani. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻike wale ʻia kāna mau hana, akā ua lohe ʻia, a hoʻokahi haneli mau miki ʻo ia wale ke ʻano o nā beaver.
ʻO kahi pā o kēia mau holoholona kahi paʻa i paʻa no lākou mai ke ʻano maikaʻi a me nā ʻenemi. E kūkulu i ko lākou home, hoʻomohala kēia mau mea i nā lua, ke koho ʻana i nā kaila kiʻekiʻe no kēia ma nā wahi kahi paʻa ka ʻāina. Aia nā ʻōpū o Beaver i ke ʻano o kahi maze paʻakikī. Kūkulu nā kaila i loko o lākou me nā lumi liʻiliʻi a nunui a liʻiliʻi i loko o ka pūnāwai wai. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā paia o ka hale me ka pālolo a me ka silika, aʻo ka lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano papahele, e uhi ʻia me ka ʻūhā lāʻau.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona paʻakikī e kūkulu i nā hale, ʻo nā mea hana i hana ʻia i nā lālā, i kālai ʻia me ka silt a me ka pālolo. Kahi mea kaha hana kiʻi hoʻokūkū beaver dam. ^ E Ha yM. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā mau kūkulu ma luna o nā kahawai, a kūpono hoʻi i lalo i kahawai mai nā wahi o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kahi wahi ʻāʻī ia e hoʻāliʻi ai i ka pīkā o ka wai ka mea i pale ai i ka waikahe e hoʻopuni koke ana i ka hale keʻa.
Hoʻokumu nā mea kanu mai nā kumulāʻau mai nā kumulāʻau
A he kūpono loa kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka meaʻai, a ke hoʻonui nei i ka nui o ka wai ʻana i ka wai ma ka wahi i noho ʻia e nā holoholona, kahi hana kūpono e hoʻonui ai i ka palekana o ke ola. Mālama ka poʻe pīpī i kahi hoʻomaha piha mai ka hana ma ka hoʻoilo, ke hoʻolilo nei i ka wā lōkuhi i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kā lākou hale hānai ma kahi hapalua hapalua. I kekahi manawa hele lākou i waho, akā nāu e loaʻa ai ka pōpoki.
I kekahiʻaoʻao, huli ia ka mea ʻakaʻaka i kaʻino maoli. Eia naʻe, lawe mai lākou i nā pōmaikaʻi nui loa i ka ʻenekona. Ma nā wahi kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā pahu, a nui ka wai, nui ka loko iʻa, ʻano nui nā holoholona iʻa me nā wahi he nui wai.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e luku i kahi nui o nā lāʻau, akā ʻo ka mea nui e ulu kokoke ana i ka wai e hāʻule i lalo. ʻAʻole lākou e koi hou aku. Hoʻohana maikaʻi nā mākaʻi i ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau i hāʻule i ke kumulāʻau, akā he mau ʻāpana like ʻole, nā kumulāʻau, nā lau a me nā ʻili.
Kahawai
ʻO ia kahi holoholona semi-akuatic, ʻo ka nui nui ka nui o ka nui, ka noho ʻana i ka Honua Mua, kahi o ka nahele-steppe zone o Russia, Mongolia, China. Noho lākou ma nā kapa o nā kahawai me ka holo lō, nā kanawai wai, nā loko a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe, nā kihi kahi i uhi ʻia me nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau.
Kanaka
ʻO ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona, hoʻāla ʻia mai ka beaver wai me ke kino liʻiliʻi elongated, ke poʻo pōkole a me nā pepeiao nui. Nā kala ʻala - ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha. Nohoʻo ia kokoke i kahi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (koe wale ʻo Florida a me ka hapa nui o Nevada a me Kaleponi), ma Kanada, koe wale nō nā ʻāpana ʻākau.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ia i nā ʻāina Scandinavian, mai laila ʻo ia i komo ai i ka ʻāina Leningrad a me Karelia.
Ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻano lua o ka beavers i nā helu he nui o nā chromosome a ʻaʻole e hele.
Hoʻaiho
Ma kahi e noho ai nā beavers ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa e hoʻoholo. Ke ʻike nei i nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule ʻia me kahi meaʻenehana ʻano papa kiʻi i kokoke i nā loko, me nā lāʻau i mākaukau ʻia e kūkulu ʻia e nā kālai, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e pili kokoke ana lākou. E pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi loa ka home a ka beaver - he hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole kēia o ka hele ʻana o kahi ʻohana aloha. Noho nō lākou ma ka ululāʻau, me kahi wā lulu pōkole, nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā loko.
I nā makahiki heʻumi mua o ka makahiki o ke kenekulia hope, hiki ke nalowale i nā hū manu me ka nui o nā ʻāina o ka honua. ʻAʻohe mea ʻo Rusia. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kūlana no ka hoʻopalike ʻia e pale aku i kēia mau holoholona.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka manu keiki i kēia manawa a puni ka ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Russia, ʻo ka Yenisei basin, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia Komohana, Kamchatka - nā wahi kēia e noho ai nā beaver.
ʻLio a me nā ʻano
ʻAʻohe wai i loko o ka wai, hiki i ka beaver ke noho no kahi hapalua hola. ʻO ka makaʻu ʻana i ka pōʻino, holo ka holoholona ma lalo o ka wai. I ka manawa like, hoʻopuka ikaika ʻo ia i kāna huelo i ka wai, i mea e hoʻolako ai i kona mau kaikuaʻana.
Ka palekana e kūʻē i nā ʻenemi (bear, wolf, wolverine) a me ka hau kaʻo i kāna puʻu paʻa pono ʻia. ʻOi i ka haʻalulu nui, he wela ia, a kahe kahe ma loko o nā puka o ka noho i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo.
I ke kauwela, loaʻa i ka rodents ka meaʻai, kūkulu i nā ʻaman a me nā huts. Ua hana lākou me ka wana a hiki i ke kakahiaka. Kūpiki nā niho beaver kīwaha i loko o ka laʻana, no ka laʻana, aspen me ka diameter o 12 cm i ka hapalua hola. Hiki i nā lāʻau ākea ke hana i ka lālani no kekahi mau pō. Hiki ke lohea i kēia kani ma muli o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka mākaukau nui no ka koho ʻana i ka wahi e noho ai nā holoholona i ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka lawa nui o ka meaʻai. He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kaʻai ʻaʻai ʻili.
ʻAi lākou i ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma kahi kokoke i nā loko, nā mea kanu iʻa. Makemake lākou e leʻaleʻa i ka ʻili o aspen, linden, willow. ʻO ka bulrush, sedge, nettle, sorrel a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe nā mea ʻai e ʻai ai.
Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ko lākou ola a me nā mea eʻai ai i nā mea kūlohelohe a i kā 300 mau mea kanu like ʻole i ʻai no nā holoholona.
Noho ka hapanui o nā ʻili manu i nā ʻohana a mālama pono hoʻi i ka mālama pono o ko lākou "mau hoahānau" - kūkulu lākou i nā hale, ka ʻai i ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo lākou iā lākou ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau kumulāʻau e ʻai ʻia i ka hoʻoilo. Loaʻa kēlā mau kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia ʻohana i kahi haneli a ʻoi paha mau kūmita mika.
Inā, ma muli o ke papa o ka muliwai, ʻaʻole hiki ke waiho i kāna "cellar", hele nā mea pīpī ma ka ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo no ka ʻai. Ke ola loa lākou: nā pīhoihoi lohi i ka lepo e hāʻule koke i loko o nā paʻa o nā poki wāwae ʻehā, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻīlio kūlike.
ʻO ka wehewehe a Rodent
ʻO ke kaumaha o ka beaver e pili ana i 30 kg, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ke piʻi ka 1-1.5 m, nui aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka nui o nā kāne. He koʻokoʻo ka rodent, nā liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, ua pōkole nā wāwae, ikaika me nā ʻōpū ikaika. ʻO ka papale a ka beaver he ʻelua papa: ma ka piko he mau lauoho ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a ma lalo o kahi hina hina hina ka mea e pale ai i ka beaver mai hypothermia. He lāʻī ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a pālahalaha ʻia, uhi ʻia me nā unahi. ʻO ke kokoke o ke kumu o ka huelo he mau ʻōhua ʻelua e loaʻa ai kahi mea ʻala i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wai beaver.
Nā ʻĀina
Ma nā kīhāpai kiʻekiʻe me ka lepo paʻakikī, ʻeli nā beavers i nā lua. Loaʻa ka puka komo ʻana iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai. He lāʻau paʻakikī paʻakikī ʻo Nora beaver me nā puʻu, nā kāmera, nā komo a me nā puka o waho. Hoʻopili paʻa nā māhele ma waena o nā "lumi", e mālama ʻia ka māʻemaʻe. Ua hoʻolei nā holoholona i ke koena o ka meaʻai i loko o ka muliwai a lawe ʻia e ka kahawai.
ʻO ka inoa o ka home o ka beaver, heʻokoʻa ia mai ka lua, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kona helehelena, e like me ka hale liʻiliʻi me ka hale i lalo. Kūkulu mua ka holoholona i kahi "lumi liʻiliʻi" a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohana ia i nā lālā o nā lōʻihi a me nā mānoanoa, nā pālolo, nā lau. Hoʻopili ʻia nā paia me ka silt a me ka pālolo, hoʻopili ʻia iā lākou, e pala ana i nā lālā lāʻau. ʻO ka lāʻau lāʻau ke uhi i ka "papa". ʻO ka hoth o ka beaver.
Me ka hoʻonui i ka ʻohana, ke hoʻopau nei kona poʻo mālama aloha a hoʻonui i kona wahi e noho ai. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hale hani bea me nā "lumi" hou hou, kūkulu ʻia kekahi papahele.
Hiki i ka hale o Beaver ke piʻi i 3 mika mika ma ke kiʻekiʻe! ʻO ka hana paʻakikī a me ka hoʻomohala pono ʻana o ka holoholona he mea kupanaha ia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona makana Beaver
ʻO nā kumulāʻau he rodivorous rodents. ʻO kā lākou ʻai me ka huaʻala a me nā hua o nā kumulāʻau (aspen, willow, poplar, Birch), nā ʻano kanu o ka lāʻau (lili wai, hua manu liʻiliʻi, iris, cattail, reed). Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka hazel, linden, elm, ʻākena manu. ʻAi ʻoluʻolu nā mea aila. ʻO nā niho nui a me kahi puʻupuʻu ikaika e kōkua ana i nā ʻili eʻai i nā meaʻai kanu mea paʻa, a me ka microflora o kā lākou pūpū huapalapala e ʻeli maikaʻi i ka ʻai cellulose.
ʻO ka nui o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e hōʻea i 20% o ka paona o ka beaver.
I ke kauwela, he nui ka ʻai i ka ʻai me ka ʻai i ka wā hoʻoilo, i ka wā hoʻoilo, ua hōʻiliʻili nā mea ʻai i nā meaʻai momona no ka hoʻoilo. Mālama kēlā me kēia ʻohana i ka lāʻau 60-70 m3. Ke waiho nei nā mea pīpī i ko lākou mea waiwai i ka wai, kahi e mālama ai lākou i kā lākou mau mea kanu a hiki i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo.
Nā Mākela Beaver
A hiki i ka iwakāluakūmālua, ua pālahalaha nā mea pīhoihoi, akā no ka nui o kā lākou luku ʻana, ua emi koke kā lākou noho. Loaʻa ka beaver maʻamau i ʻEulopa, Rūsia, Kina a me Mongolia. ʻO kona hoahānau pili pili loa, ka beaver o Kanaka, e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO Beaver a i ʻole ka muliwai (Castor fiber)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 1-1.3 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka 35.5 cm, ke kaumaha ma waena o 30-32 kg. Ke kino ana ke kino, pōkole nā wāwae me nā manamana lima ʻelima, ua ikaika nā wāwae hind ma mua o ka mua. Ma waena o nā manamana lima mau membranes. ʻAno nā kīwaka, pāpale. ʻO ka huelo ka ulana i ukana ʻia, pālahalaha, hiki i 30 cm ke lōʻihi, 10-13 cm ākea.ʻO ka wili he pubescent wale nō ma ka pae, ua uhi ʻia ke koena o ka papa me nā pale pale.He liʻiliʻi nā maka, pālahalaha paha, pōkole, liʻiliʻi i hala ke kaʻe. Ma lalo o ka wai, kokoke i nā ʻūlima pepeiao a me nā puka ihu, aia kekahi mau membrane ʻokoʻa kūikawā i nā maka. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka beaver maʻamau e kona hulu nani i hana ʻia me ka lauoho hulu waho a me ka undercoat silky maloʻo. ʻO ka kala o ke kapa mai ka lightnut a hiki i ke kala keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa he ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ka peʻa a me nā wāwae. Hele ka ʻekepili hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi makahiki.
I loko o ka wahi anal kekahi mau lua pili polu, wen a me nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "beaver stream", kahi ʻoni o ke ʻano no ke ʻano o nā beaver, ʻo ia hoʻi e hōʻike ana i ka palena o ka ʻohana.
Kui ʻia ka ʻōpala maʻamau ma ʻEulopa (nā ʻāina Scandinavian, Palani, Kelemānia, Polani, Belarus, Ukraine), ma Rūsia, Mongolia a me Kina.
He Hoʻoilina Beaver
Noho ka poʻe Beavers ma ke kahawai o nā muliwai ulu, nā kahawai a me nā loko. ʻAʻole lākou e noho i nā kahe ākea a me ka wikiwiki, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wahi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lalo i ka hoʻoilo. No kēia mau rodents, nā mea kanu lāʻau lāʻau i lalo o nā kaila o nā wai, a me ka nui o nā mea kanu a me ke kahakai mea kanu nui. I nā wahi kūpono, kūkulu lākou i nā kumulāʻau mai nā lāʻau hina, kūkulu i nā waʻa, a he melo lākou i nā lāʻau a pau i ka poʻomanaʻo.
He ʻelua mau hale ʻo Beavers: he burrow a he hut. Aia ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala i nā mokupuni o ka pulu o ka palahele a me ka pālolo, ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe he 1-3 mika, ka lōʻihi a hiki i 10 m, aia ka puka ma lalo o ka wai. I kēlā mau huts, e kau nā beavers i ka pō, hana i nā lako meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo, hūnā mai nā mea hoʻopuka.
Kūkulu ʻia nā pū e nā pū ma nā waihona kīkoi a i ʻole a me nā pahū; ʻO nā pā a me nā peʻe peʻa a me ka tamp. I loko, i kahi hohonu o 1 m, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia kahi lumi ola ma kahi ākea 1 ākea a 40-50 cm kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka papahele he 20 cm ma luna o ka pae wai.
Piu a nā mea uwila a ʻauʻau maikaʻi, ma lalo o ka wai ma kahi o 10-15 mau minuke, a e ʻauʻau ai i kēia manawa a hiki i 750 m.
Noho nā Beavers ma ka manawa hoʻokahi a me nā ʻohana o 5-8 mau kānaka. ʻO nā ʻohana hoʻokahi i noho ma ka ʻāina i nā makahiki he nui. ʻAʻole hele nā mea kikowaena 200 m mai ka wai.ʻO nā Rodents i hōʻailona i ka palena o ka pae me kahi kahawai beaver.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hana beaver ka pō a me ka pōkole.
ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻo Beaver
ʻO nā Beavers he koʻokoʻo monogamous. Hoʻokahi ka pālua i ka makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka waena o Ianuali a mau i ka hopena o Pepeluali. Noho ʻo ka wahine hānau ma kahi o 105-107 lā. I hoʻokahi brood, hānau nā 1-6 cubs ma ʻApelila-Mei. Hānau ʻia nā keiki i hala hūnā ʻia, well pubescent, ʻo ko lākou kaupaona ma kahi o 0.45 kg. I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai ua hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau. E aʻo aku ka wahine iā lākou i ka ʻauʻau, e kao aku iā lākou mai loko mai o ka hale i kahi kahakaha kai. I nā hebedoma 3-4, hoʻomaka ka ʻokiʻoki i nā lau a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, a hiki i 3 mau mahina, e hānai aku ka makuahine iā lākou me ka waiū. Ke ola nei ka wā'ōpiopio me nā mākua a hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki, ma hope o ke kolo ʻana a hoʻomaka i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
I ka pio, he ola ola o nā beaver a hiki i ka 35 mau makahiki, ma ke ʻano 10-17 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i nā mea rodent:
- ʻO ka beaver maʻamau ka rodent nui loa i Europe a me ka lua o ka nui i ka honua ma hope o ka capybara.
- ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "beaver" mai ka ʻōlelo Indo-European a he ʻano hoʻopiʻi piha ʻole o ka inoa inoa.
- A hiki i ka waenakonu o nā kenekulia 20, ua kaulana loa ka beaver bulu ma ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me Rūsia, no ka mea ua emi nui ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona: 6-8 mau iwi kaawale o 1200 mau kānaka i koe. I mea e mālama ai i ka nānā, ua pāpā ʻia ka lawehala. I kēia manawa ke loaʻa nei kahi beaver liʻiliʻi i kahi kūlana liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻoweliweli ʻia ai ia, he ana hoʻopiʻi ʻāina, nā wai hoʻopukapuka wai a me nā mea kanu wai hydroelectric.
- I ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā hulu nani a me ka ulu lōʻihi, he kumu puna nui nā beaver, ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka mea poni a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo Beaver, akā hiki ke loaʻa i nā pathogens salmonellosis. Wahi a nā kūpuna hoʻomana ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mau ʻūhā.
- I ka makahiki 2006, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi kākā i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Bobruisk (Belarus). Eia kekahi, nā kiʻi kiʻi o kēia rodent ma ka Alpine zoo (Innsbruck, Austria).
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o ka beaver
I ke kauoha ʻana o ka rodents, ʻo kēia waʻalā wai ka mea nui loa, e hōʻea i 30 kg a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha. Kahu ʻia ke kino a piʻi i ka 1,5 m lōʻihi, a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 30 cm. He mau lima paʻa i nā manamana lima ʻelima, ma waena o kahi mau membrane. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā wāwae hind ma mua o ka mua.
ʻAno nā peʻa, pale a pelu hoʻi. Ma ka lua o ka manamana lima, e laʻa ke gā, e like me ka comb. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻohana ai ka holoholona e hoʻohui i ka hulu nani a maikaʻi. ʻO ka huluhulu ka hulu o ka lauoho waho a kūloʻo undercoat, pale paʻa i ka pale ʻana i ka hypothermia, no ka mea, e kahe a maikaʻi ʻole i ka wai.
Mālama kekahi ʻāpana o ka momona subcutaneous, e mālama ana i ka wela wela i loko, e mālama ana hoʻi i ka anuanu. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani o ka huluhulu mai ke aniani a me kahi keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele hoʻi, e like me nā paws a me ka huelo.
Ma muli o ka waiwai momona a me ka nani, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ka holoholona i mea ʻano nui: he nui nā kānaka e makemake e ʻimi i kahi kapa hulu a me ka pāpale mai ka ʻili o kahi holoholona. ʻAe beaohao hoʻohui i ka papa inoa holoholona manu ʻalani.
Kahi like ʻole ka huelo o ka holoholona me ka o 30 cm ka nui a a i ka 11-13 cm ākea.hope ka uhi i nā ʻāpana nui a me nā bristles paʻakikī. ʻO ke ʻano o ka huelo a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi Eurasian a i ʻole he beaver maʻamau mai kahi pilikino ʻAmelika (Kanaka).
I ka huelo he wen a ʻelua mau kōneka no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻala, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo kahawai beaver. ʻO ka mea huna o ka wen ka mea e mālama i nā ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hoʻokahi (makahiki, kāne), a me ka mea ʻala e hōʻike ai i nā palena o ke kaona i noho ʻia. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa ka ʻokoʻa o ke kahawai beaver, e like me kahi manamana lima i loko o ke kanaka. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huahana i nā mea ʻala.
I ke kiʻi he beaver
ʻO nā pepeiao pōkole e pale mai ana i ka huluhulu ʻike ʻia ma kahi palupalu liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ka nui o nā māhele auditory, he maikaʻi loa ka hoʻolohe ʻana o nā holoholona. Ke kāwele ʻia nā leo ihu i ka wai, kokoke nā pepeiao o nā holoholona, pale ʻia nā maka e ka "kolu o ke kenekulia" a pale ʻia mai nā hōʻeha.
Mālama ka membrane ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka holoholona ma ka wai anuanu. Hoʻolālā ʻia nō ka lehelehe ʻuʻuku ʻo ia ke ʻano ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai i ka lua o ka waha a ʻeha.
Hōʻike ka nui o nā māmā i ka holoholona e ʻau, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike i luna o ka wai, a hiki i 700 m, e hoʻopau ana i nā minuke 15. No nā holoholona semi-akuatic, ʻo ia nā helu helu.
Pololei nā puaʻa holoholona i loko o nā wai wai pohō hohonu. ʻO ia nā nāhelehele lāʻau, nā loko wai, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā ʻāpana o nā waihona kālā. ʻO ke kumu nui o nā mākau lau o nā kahakai palalulu, nā lāʻau a me nā mauʻu. Inā ʻaʻole kūpono kūpono ka helehelena, a laila hana ka beaver i ke hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiāulu, e like me ka mea kūkulu hale.
I ka manawa e noho ai nā holoholona ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, koe wale nō ʻo Kamchatka a me Sakhalin. Akā ʻo ka luku a me ka hana waiwai ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻopau ʻana o kahi hapa nui o nā beavers. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana hoʻihoʻi a hiki i kēia lā, noho ka beavers i nā kino wai noho.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona Beaver a me ke ʻano ola
ʻO nā Beavers nā holoholona semi-aquatic e ʻike paʻa loa ana i ka wai, ʻauʻau nani, hoʻoilo, a ma ka ʻāina beaohao Loaa nānā aloha holoholona.
ʻO ka hana o nā holoholona nui e hoʻonui i ke ahiahi a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō. ʻO ke kauwela hiki iā lākou ke hana no nā hola 12. Ma ka hoʻoilo wale nō, ma nā fri koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i nā wahi nalo. ʻO nā ʻuʻu a i kapa ʻia nā inoa - he mau wahi kēia o nā ʻohana beaver.
Hūnā ʻia nā komo mink e ka wai a alakaʻi i nā mahele kūloko o nā ʻāpana o ke kahakai. Hoʻomaopopo ka puka ma waho i ka palekana holoholona. Aia ka noho o kahi keʻena noho ma mua o kahi mika a ma kahi o 50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe e kū ana ma luna o ka wai o ka wai.
Hiki i kahi beaver ke hana i nā pahu i hiki ke kākoʻo i ka kaumaha o kahi kanaka.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi canopy kūikawā i ka wahi ma luna o ka muliwai kahi i loaʻa ai ka lua mai ka hoʻoilo ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ke kūloko o nā beavers e like me ka ʻoihana o nā mea hoʻolālā. Hoʻomau ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā huts ma nā papa palupalu a i ʻole nā kala liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia nā mea hoʻohālikelike cone a hiki i 3 m kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau palaka, silt a me ka pālolo.
Noho ka loko, a 12 paha ka laulā. Aia ma luna, he puka no ka lewa, a ma ka lalo he mau manholes no ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i ka wai. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia ka mahana i loko, ʻaʻohe hau, hiki ke ʻāwī i nā ʻūlū iā lākou iho i kahi waiwai. ʻO ka maʻa ma luna o ka hale i ka pō maloʻo, he hōʻailona ia o ka hale noho.
No ka mālama i ka pae o ka wai i koi ʻia a mālama i nā lumi i loko a me nā ʻoka, nā beavers kahi i ʻike ʻia i nā kaola, a i ʻole nā ʻona, mai nā lāʻau, nā lāʻau a me ka silt. ʻO nā pōhaku koʻikoʻi a hiki i ka 18 kg ua loaʻa e hoʻoikaika i ka hale.
Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo kahi ʻano o ka pōpō he lāʻau hāʻule, kahi i piha ʻia me nā waihona kūkulu a 30 m mau loa, a hiki i 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i 6 m ākea ke kū nei kahi hoʻolālā paʻa me ke kaumaha o kekahi kanaka.
I ke kiʻi, Nora Beaver
Mālama ʻia ka manawa hana ma kahi o 2-3 mau pule. A laila e kiaʻi pono nā mea pīpī i ka palekana o ka mea i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻokau "hoʻoponopono" inā pono. Hana lākou i nā ʻohana, ke kaʻi ʻana i nā kuleana, me he mea lā he hopena kūpono ʻole.
Mālama nā Rodents i nā minuke 5 me nā lāʻau a hiki i ka 7-8 cm ke anawaena, hemo i ka hehi i ka waihona. Me nā lāʻau nui, hiki i 40 cm ka lōʻihi, ke kālai i ka pō. Ke ʻoki nei i nā ʻāpana, i ka lawe ʻana i ka noho a i ʻole kahi māka i lawe ʻia i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻole.
He aha nā ʻano holoholona hihiu i loko o kona hale, ʻike ʻia e ka noho maʻamau. ʻAʻole wale ka noho ʻana, akā ma nā ʻaoʻao kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā lako a me nā mea hānai, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā excrement a me nā lepo lepo.
Nā keʻena, nā hale, nā hale kūkulu hale - pili nā mea āpau a hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano kūikawā, kahi i kapa ʻia he beaver. Ke hele mai nei ka kamaʻilio ʻana o nā holoholona me ke kōkua o nā hōʻailona ʻala kūikawā, ke kani ʻana i nā leo, e like me nā whistles, nā ʻehā kuʻekuʻe.
Pāka wai - he ʻūhū a me kahi kauoha e hūnā ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui ma nā mea lewa, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻaukā brown. Akā he hapa nui loa i ka lehulehu o ka beaver mea i hana ʻia e nā kānaka.
Beaver - holoholona-ʻohana a me ka hoʻomohala o kahi ʻano ʻohana noho mālie. I kā lākou manawa hoʻomaha, ke nānā nei lākou i ka lole huluhulu, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ia me nā mea huna mai nā puʻu sebaceous, pale iā ia mai ka maloo.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Pūnaʻi nā wahine i ka ʻohana beaver; ʻoi aku lākou i kahi nui. Hele ka manawa mare i ka hoʻoilo, mai ka waena o Ianuali a Pepeluali.
I ke kiʻi, he beaver cub
Aia a hiki i Mei, hiki i ka uluʻana o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 6 o ka 0.5 kg ka paona e mau ana. I ka manawa pinepine ka brood i nā kūmole 2-4. Keliʻi ʻia, ʻike ʻia a ʻuluʻula hoʻi, a ma hope o 2 mau lā ua lawa ke kau ʻana ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o ko lākou makuahine.
Puni nā pēpē e ka mālama, mālama ka waiū a hiki i ka 20 mau lā, a laila hoʻololi lākou i nā mea kanu mea kanu. No nā makahiki 2, e ola ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka pōʻai makua, a ma hope o ka wā i pākeke ai lākou i ka hana o kā lākou koloni a me kahi noho hou. I ke kūlohelohe, ola ke ola o kahi beaver awa i 12-17 mau makahiki, a ma ka hoʻopio hoʻi he pāpālua ia.
ʻO nā pālani manuahi Monogamous me nā hua o nā makahiki mua a me ka lua o ke ola i ka hui ʻana o nā ʻohana ʻohana ma ke wahi noho me kā lākou hana ponoʻī. ʻO kā lākou noho hou ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he hopena kūpono ia i ke kūlana o ke kaiapuni o ke kaiapuni.
Aia kekahi manawa i kūkulu ʻia ai nā hale beaver e hiolo i nā alanui a i ʻole ke ala kaʻa. Akā ʻoi pinepine pinepine nā manu o ka puaʻa hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe a noho ʻia e nā iʻa, nā manu, nā poʻe noho lāʻau.
He aha nā mea nani like?
Ma mua o ka haʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o nā beavers, makemake wau e hana i kahi wehewehe liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pinepine, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo e beaver a me ka beaver, ʻike nā mea i ka mea like - ʻo ia hoʻi, kūloko i ka rodent iho. Akā i kēia mau huaʻōlelo ʻelua i nā manaʻo like ʻole. No laila, kahi pipi ulu i ka inoa o kekahi holoholona, a ʻo kona hulu i kapa ʻia he beaver.
No laila he aha ka nānā ʻana o nā beavers? Kūkulu ʻia kahi beaver maʻamau he rodent. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona e pili ana i 1 mika, kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 35 cm, me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino o 32 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka beaver a hiki i 30 cm, a ʻo kona laulā a hiki i 13 cm.ʻO kahi ʻano kupaianaha o kēia mau rodents ka ʻoi aku o nā kāne ma mua o nā kāne.
He pōkole pōkole ʻo kahi beaver a he kino squat. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā ʻōpū o ka beaver o ka muliwai ma mua o ka mua. ʻO ka wāwae o ka wāwae o ka huluhiliki he mau kumulāʻau e bifurcated - ʻā ʻo ka beaver e huki i kāna hulu e like me ka mea ʻuʻuku. E mālama pono kēia mau holoholona i kā lākou "lole hulu".
Aia i kāna mau wāwae wāwae, ʻo nā mea rodent he mau membrane pākuʻi a me nā limu ikaika paʻa. ʻIke ʻokoʻa nā Beavers ma muli o kā lākou hiʻona kupaianaha. ʻO ka ʻili o ka beaver ka like me kahi hoe, he pāʻulu, ʻaʻohe lauoho a uhi ʻia me nā unahi ili ʻoi.
He poʻo nui ke poʻo nui me ka muzzle liʻiliʻi, nā maka liʻiliʻi a me nā ilihune kaulana i mua o lākou. Hoʻohana kūikawā nā niho o ka beaver, ua paʻa lākou i ka enamel paʻa, ulu lākou i ko lākou ola āpau a me nā kāpili iho. He ʻilikai liʻiliʻi a me nā pōkole nā beaver e ʻike ʻia i nā hulu ʻeleʻele. ʻOiai, loaʻa ka holoholona i kahi hoʻolohe maikaʻi loa.
ʻIke like nā Beavers me nā bar hulu hulu, no ka mea he nani ʻoiʻo ka hulu. He ʻelua pāpale ka hulu manu, e hoʻolako i kēia rodent me ka mahana a me ka maloʻo i nā anuanu maloʻo. ʻO ka lau mua o ka lauoho beaver ka lau o ka lauoho loloa, a ʻo ka lua ʻo ke kāʻeleo silky undercoat. Pēlā hoʻi, ʻo ka muliwai beaver mai ke anuanu e pale aku i ka momona o ka momona ma lalo o ka ʻili.
Nānā nā mea Beavers ma muli o kā lākou kala. ʻO ka hulu o ka beaver maʻamau he aniani ʻulaʻula a i ʻole he kala ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ka huelo a me nā manamana o ka holoholona. ʻO ka huelo o kahi bea maʻamau kahi adipose a me nā gandona kūikawā.
ʻO ka mea momona ʻona a nā kihi o ka huelo o ka rodent i hū ʻia. A ʻo ka mea huna o ua wen e pili ana i ka ʻike āpau e pili ana i ka mea nona, e lawe i ka ʻike e pili ana i kona makahiki a me kāna wahine. ʻO kahi ʻōlelo i nā beaver e pili ana i nā palena o ka palena ʻāina i ka honi ʻana o kahi wai beaver, kahi ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka. I ka nahele, ola kahi beaver maʻamau i ka awelika 15 mau makahiki.
ʻAu e noho ai nā beavers?
Noho ka poʻe Beavers ma ʻEulopa (nā ʻāina Scandinavian), ma Farani (ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai Rhone), ma Kelemānia (ka wai ʻauʻau ʻo Elbe) a ma Polika (ke kahe wai ʻo Vistula). ʻO nā Beavers ka mea i loaʻa i loko o nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau ala lāʻau o ka Europe o Russia, ma Belarus, ma Ukraine.
Ma Rūsia, e noho ana kahi bele ma ka Northern Trans-Urals. Hoʻuehu ʻia nā beavers ma nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai Yenisei, ma ke Kuzbass (Kemerovo Region), i ka Baikal Region, a me ke Khabarovsk Territory, a Kamchatka, i Tomsk Region. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā beaver ma Mongolia a ma Northwest China.
Noho nā Beavers me nā mea hana piha i loaʻa no ke ala semi-aquatic. ʻO ka pūpū o ko lākou pepeiao a me nā ihu paʻa i lalo o ka wai. A pani nā kukui ʻili uila e pani ai i ko lākou mau maka, e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike maikaʻi ma ka wai. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka lua o ka waha a ʻaʻole i komo ka wai i loko o ka mea e hana ai ka holoholona ma lalo o ka wai. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana o ka hoʻokele i ka wai e ka huila o ka beaver.
Noho ka poʻe Beavers, makemake aku e noho i nā kaila o nā kahawai a me nā loko, nā loko a me nā loko. Hōʻalo lākou i nā ʻauwai wikiwiki a ākea, a me nā loko wai hoʻi e hōʻuluʻulu i lalo i ka hoʻoilo. No kēia mau mea hao, ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā kumulāʻau mai nā lāʻau paʻakikī, ka hiki ʻana o nā kaola aku, ka lau a me ka mea kanu lāʻau i nā wahi mākaʻi a me nā kaila o ke kō.
Pāʻau nā Beavers a ʻauʻau maikaʻi. Mahalo i kā lākou ʻōpala nui, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i ka 15 mau minuke a ʻauʻau i ka manawa o kēia manawa a hiki i 750 mika. No laila, makemake nui nā mea pīpī i ka wai ma mua o ka ʻāina.
Pehea e ola ai nā beavers?
Noho nā Beavers ma nā ʻohana (a ʻokoʻa i 8 mau kanaka) a i ʻole wale. ʻO ka ʻohana ka male a me nā keiki ʻōpio huki (broods i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala. Hiki i ka pūnaewele hoʻokahi ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻohana no nā hanauna. Noho ʻia nā loko liʻiliʻi e kahi ʻāpana hoʻokahi a i ʻole kahi ʻohana hoʻokahi. Loaʻa nā hale noho i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻohana, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia ʻohana ʻohana i ka palena ma waena o ke kahakai mai 300 mau ā a 3 km. Noho ka poʻe Beavers ma kahi kokoke i ka wai a ʻaʻole neʻe i ka mea he 200 moka mai ke kahakai.
Pono ka lōʻihi o ka papa ʻohana ma ka nui o ka hānai. Ma nā wahi kahi i nui ai ka mea kanu, hiki i nā ʻāpana o kēia mau holoholona ke hoʻopaʻa i kekahi a me kekahi. ʻO ka palena o kā lākou mau wahi ākea nā māka inoa nui. Hoʻomaʻa nā mākaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻiliʻili.Pili nā mea kikowaena ma waena o lākou iho me ke kōkua o nā poses, nā puhi a ka ʻili o ka wai a uʻi like me nā ʻoki. I ka hihia, hoʻopili nui ʻo ka beaver i kona poʻo i ka wai a hoʻōki. Hāʻawi ʻo ia ke kāla i kahi ʻakaʻaka no nā mānaka āpau i loko o ka pepeiao.
I ka pō a i ke kakahiaka, e noho ikaika nā beaver. I ke kauwela, waiho lākou i ko lākou mau home i ka lālani a hana a hiki i ke kakahiaka. I ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻomākaukau ana nā mea ʻaka no ka hoʻoilo a hoʻomaka e hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai. Hoʻonui ʻia ka lā hana i nā hola 10. I ka hoʻoilo, noho mau nā mākaʻī i ka neʻe ʻana, ua emi ka hana a me ka neʻe i ka lā. ʻO nā hoʻoilo Beavers, aneane ʻaʻole ʻike ʻole i ka papa, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻule i ka ʻōpū. Ma nā pae haʻahaʻa ma lalo o −20 ° C, nā pua ʻeleʻele i nā ka ʻiwa o kona ʻohana, e noho ana ma kāna home mahana.
Ke kūkulu nei nā Beavers i kahi hale hou i ka hopena o ʻAukake. ʻAʻole komo nā beaver i nā hale, akā hana ikaika nā beaver ʻohana. Akā he aha ka mea e hea ʻia ai ka home a ka beaver? Ma kahi hoʻokūkū beaver, ʻelua mau wahi noho. I ka hihia mua, kapa ʻia ka hale beaver he burrow. Noho nā Beavers i nā lua lepo, a ʻeli lākou iā lākou i nā kāwāwā ala. No ka palekana, ka palekana ma ka wai i loko o ka wai me ka wai. ʻO nā ʻoni Beaver he ʻano labyrinth he 4 komo. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā pā a me nā umu o nā pua beaver.
Aia ka hale noho o ka beaver i loko o ka lua ma kahi hohonu o 1 mika a me ka laulā o ke anawa o ka pānaʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi mika, ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 50 cm. Aia mau ka papa o luna o ka pae wai. Inā piʻi ka wai i ka wai, e hāpai ka bea i ka papahele, e ʻohi ana i ka lepo mai ka palaki. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hana kūkulu beaver e kā lākou makemake i ka palekana a me ka hōʻoluʻolu. Inā hikiʻole ke eli i nā lua, e kūkulu pololei ʻia nā hale ma luna o ka wai ma kahi papau o ke kō. Kahi ia hale noho o ka beaver ua kapa ʻia ia hut a me nā beavers kūkulu hale i kēia mau ʻōhua i ke kumu o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi pōpoki.
ʻO ka haka nā beaver ka hiʻohiʻona o ka islet i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wai. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kēlā hale kaa ʻea e hiki i 3 mika a me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 12 mika, ke komo ʻana o ka puka i kahi e noho ai. Kūkulu ʻia kekahi hale hānai bean mai kahi puʻu o kahi palaʻa, i paʻa ʻia e ka silt a me ka honua. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā mea kanu me nā pā o ko lākou home me ka silt a me ka pālolo. Pēlā, e lilo ka hale hani i loko o kahi paʻa paʻa, a komo ka ea i ka lua o ka pa.
I loko o ka poha beaver he mau ʻāpana i loko o ka wai a me kahi paepae, aia i luna o ka pae o ka wai. I ka wā e hele mai ai nā aniani, ua hoʻopili hou nā beavers i kahi mana hou o ka pālolo i ka hale hoka e hoʻohana ana i nā kuapo mua. I ka hoʻoilo, ua mālama ka ʻōpala i kahi mahana maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia ka wai i loko o nā pauku e ka ʻoka hau, a hele malū nā ʻūnaka ma lalo o ka hau o kahi waiwai kō. I ka hoʻoilo, ua pā ke kai ma luna o nā awhi i kahi kaona. He maemae maoli nā kahu, ke kiaʻi nei lākou i ka maʻemaʻe o ko lākou home, mai hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia.
I loko o nā wai wai kahi e loli ai ke ʻano o ka wai, beavers kūkulu i nā'āpana a i ʻole nā momi. A no ke aha lā e hana ʻaihue ai nā pahu? Mālama ka ʻili manu i nā mea e hāpai ai a mālama i ka pae o ka wai i loko o ka waihona kō, e hoʻoponopono ai i nā ʻano o nā tomokala i nā kolo. Mālama ka ʻānai i ka palekana a me ka palekana o ka puʻu beaver. Kūkulu nā mea kikowaena i nā ʻōpala mai nā lālā, nā lāʻau ʻōpala a me nā lāʻau lāʻau, hoʻopaʻa iā lākou me ka pālolo, silt a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe. Inā he mau pōhaku ma lalo, hoʻohana nō hoʻi lākou i ke kūkulu hale ʻana.
Hoʻokumu nā mea kanu i nā kāmela ma nā wahi e ulu kokoke ana nā lāʻau i ke kai. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka ʻili beaver me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pīkī a me nā pili i ka lāʻau i lalo, e hoʻoikaika i nā āpau me nā hoʻopiha me nā pulu, nā pālolo, nā pōhaku. Inā loaʻa kekahi lāʻau i hāʻule i ka wai, a laila lawelawe pinepine ia i ke kākoʻo kākoʻo ʻana. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā mea kuʻekuʻe mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau me nā mea kūkulu hale. Hoʻopili pinepine nā kumulāʻau i nā makela beaver i mea aʻa, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ikaika hou i ka mana.
Aia ka māka ʻaka ʻawa e hiki i ka lōʻihi o 30 mau mika, ka laulā a hiki i 6 mau mika, a ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 mau mika, akā ʻo kekahi manawa a hiki i 4 mika. ʻO ka makana beaver he hale paʻa paʻa ia, hiki ke maʻalahi ke kākoʻo i ke kaumaha o kekahi kanaka. ʻO ka awelika, ʻo ka kūkulu ʻana i kahi māka ma kahi ʻohana beaver e pili ana i hoʻokahi mahina. Mālama pono nā mākele me ke kūleʻa o ka pōpoki a hoʻoponopono koke iā ia inā he hōʻino.
No ka hana ʻana i kahi pua beaver a hōʻili i nā meaʻai, nāʻokiʻoki e ʻoki ana i nā kumulāʻau. Kili lākou iā lākou ma ke kumu, nā lālā ulu, a ʻoka ʻo ia ke ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana. ʻO kahi lāʻau me ka diameter o 7 cm beaver hāʻule i loko o 5 mau minuke. Ma kahi lāʻau he 40 cm ka lōʻihi, hāʻule kahi beaver a me nā kaʻina i ka pō, a i ka kakahiaka e kū wale ana kahi nū wale a me kahi ʻōpala o nā lau.
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka lāʻau, kahi i hana ai ka beaver i hana ai, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ia i hiʻu nui ʻia, lawe i kahi ʻano ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka "hourglass". ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻāpana o kahi kumulāʻau e ʻai ʻia e nā beavers ma kahi. E wāwahi i ke koena a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ka wai ma kahi o ka wahiʻe ʻo ko lākou hale.
ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻonui pinepine ʻia nā ala i beaver me nā wai, e hoʻohua nei i nā kahawai beaver. I luna o nā holoholona e hoʻopiʻi i nā pono lāʻau. Hiki ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā kahawai like ʻole i nā haneli mau mika. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau nā Beavers i nā kahawai.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana i hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o ka hana o nā beavers ua kapa ʻia he ʻano bele wahine. I ko lākou hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano kūlohelohe, ua lua lākou i ke kāne. ʻO nā Beavers kekahi o nā holoholona koʻikoʻi, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke aʻo a hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou ʻike i ko lākou ola āpau.
He aha nā kau meli?
ʻO nā mea pīpī he mau mea kanu, he holoholona holoholona maoli lākou. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea kanu ma nā ʻili lāʻau a i nā pua. ʻIke nui nā poʻe Beavers i ka birch, ka willow, aspen a me ka poplar. ʻAi nā mea kanu ma nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole: nā lilia wai, nā kōwau, ka cattail, nā ʻohe, a me ka inoa o kēia papa inoa.
ʻO kahi nui o nā kumulima palulu kahi mea pono no ko lākou noho. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi loa ka Hazel, linden, elm, cherry manu a me kekahi mau lāʻau ʻē i kā lākou meaʻai. ʻAne maʻamau lākou ʻaʻole ʻai i ka alder a me ka lāʻau, akā hoʻohana lākou ia no nā hale. ʻAi ka ʻōpio i ka ʻona a me ka makemake. ʻAe nā niho nui i nā beavers e mālama maʻalahi i nā mea lāʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānai nā manu i nā mea ulu wale nō.
I ke kauwela, hoʻonui ka hapa o ka mauʻu i mea e hānai ai ka beaver. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ke kahu ʻili ʻana i ka ʻai lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. No laila, i ka hoʻoilo, ʻai ka beavers i kā lākou mau lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou ʻanaka i ka wai, kahi e mālama ai lākou i kā lākou mau ʻano meaʻai i ka hoʻoilo.
Hiki i ka nui o nā waihona lāʻau no kēlā me kēia ʻohana ka nui. I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka meaʻai i ka ʻai ʻana i ka hau, mau ka beavers e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ka wai wai. No laila, ʻo ka wā i uhi ʻia ka loko me ka hau, e hoʻomau ka ʻai i nā holoholona a hoʻolako ʻia ka ʻohana me nā mea pono a pau.
Pēlā Kakalela
He mau monogamous ka Beavers, ua hui pū ʻia, noho pū lāua i ko lākou ola a pau a noho pono i kēlā me kēia. Aia ka wahine i ka ʻohana. Hiki i nā māla ke hoʻokaumaha i nā makahiki 2. Lawe ʻia ka Offspring i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻohālikelike mai ka waena o Ianuali a hiki i ka hopena o Pepeluali. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka hāpai ʻana o ka hāpai ʻana he mau mahina.
Ma ʻApelila-Mei, ua hānauʻiaʻo 2 a 6 nā beavers. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā cubs Beaver, ʻike ʻia me ka lauoho, a kaupaona hoʻi ma kahi o 0,5 kg. Ma hope o 2 mau lā, hiki i nā ʻāpana bea ke hiki keʻauʻau. Mālama nā Beavers i kā lākou mau lālā.
I ka makahiki 1 o ka mahina, e huli nā kuʻekuʻe pipi i nā mea kanu mea kanu, akā hoʻomau nō e hānai i ka waiū makuahine a hiki i 3 mau mahina. ʻAʻole waiho nā mākua i nā mea kanu i ko lākou mau mākua no 2 mau makahiki hou, ma hope o ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻōpio.
He aha nā beaver e pono ai a he aha nā beaver no?
Hoʻohana ʻo Beavers i kā lākou nānā ʻana i nā muliwai me ka hopena maikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana ecological. Mālama ʻiʻo ʻo Beaver no ka hana ʻana i kāna pā. Noho ʻo nā holoholona a me nā ʻona wai i loko o lākou, e lawe mai ana i nā iʻa iʻa ma ko lākou mau wāwae, a he ʻano iʻa kahi i loko o ka loko. Pono nā beavers no ka mea e hāʻawi i kā lākou mau pahu i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai, lohi lākou i ka sludge a hōʻemi i ka haunaele.
ʻO nā Beavers ka holoholona aloha aloha, akā loaʻa kekahi iā lākou ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe - he mau ʻalakia brown kēia, nā ʻīlio a me nā alopeke Akā ʻo ke kumu nui o ka hoʻoweliweli i ke kanaka. Ma muli o ka hopu ʻana, he ʻeke maʻamau kahi i piha ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Beavers no ka hulu o kā lākou hulu. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi lākou i kahi kahawai wai, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hinu a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
I mea e mālama ai i kēia holoholona koʻikoʻi, ua lawe ʻia nā hana kūpono e pale aku a hoʻihoʻi i nā helu. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 21, ua loaʻa ke ola o ka beaver. I kēia manawa ke loaʻa nei kahi beaver maʻamau i ke kūlana liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka International Red Book. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui iā ia ka polū wai a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu hydropower.
Inā makemake ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala a makemake ʻoe e heluhelu i nā ʻatikala hoihoi e pili ana i nā holoholona, e hoʻomau i kā mākou pūnaewele hoʻolaha i ka mea e kiʻi mua i nā mea hou a me nā kiʻi hou loa e pili ana i nā holoholona like ʻole o kā mākou honua.
Ke poʻo inoa
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "beaver" hoʻoilina ia mai ka ʻōlelo ʻ Indlelo Indo-European (cf. German Biber, jam. Bėbros), i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka palaka ʻole piha ʻana o ka inoa brown. Kūkulu ʻia nā kumu * bhe-bhru-.
Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai linguistic o 1961, ka ʻōlelo beaohao pono e hoʻohana ʻia ma ka manaʻo kuapo o kekahi holoholona mai ke ʻano o nā rodents me ka hulu manu nui, a beaohao - i ke ʻano o ka huluhulu o kēia holoholona: beaver collar, lole i ka hulu beaver. Akā, i ka haʻi'ōlelo, ka'ōlelo beaohao maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka unuhi ʻana no ka ʻōlelo beaohao (a he alaula a muku, hāpau a hāpau).
Wahi a ka 2004 Spelling Dictionary, ka helu o ka hoʻopuka beaver, beaver (manu, hulu).
Kukulu hana ʻana
He aha nā mea hou aʻe a me ka leʻaleʻa i ka holoholona holoholona pehea pehea nā beavers kūkulu i kahi pā. Aia lākou ma lalo o ko lākou wahi i noho ai.
ʻO ia mau mea e pale aku ai i ka waikahe o ka muliwai a hāʻawi i kona waiwai. A, no ka mea, e pili i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o nā holoholona i nā wahi wai, hoʻonui i ka hiki ke ʻimi i ka ʻai. ʻO ia ke kumu e kūkulu ai i nā ʻōpala.
Hāpai ʻia kēlā me ia ʻano hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana o ke ola. ʻO kēia kahi wehewehe a ke kumu e hana ai ka beavers i kahi pōpō.
ʻO ka laulā a me ka hohonu o ka muliwai, ka wikiwiki o ka manawa e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka beaver. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka muliwai mai kekahi waihona i kekahi a ikaika hoʻi, i ʻole e puhi i ka kahawai. Koho nā holoholona i kahi i kahi wahi kūpono e hoʻomaka ai no ke kūkulu - kahi lāʻau i hāʻule, ke ala liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokomo ka poʻe beavers i kahi pānaʻi, hoʻopili i nā puʻupuʻu a hoʻopaʻa i ka lalo a e hoʻopiha i nā ʻaka ma waena o lākou me nā cobblestones, silt, ka pālolo. ʻO nā kāmela palele me nā manawa, i kēlā me kēia mahina, mai kēlā me kēia makahiki e pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka holo ʻole ʻana. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻōki i nā beavers! ʻO ka hopena, ua ikaika hou ka ʻōpū, ulu nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau ma luna ona. Ma ia ʻaoʻao ua hiki iā ʻoe ke hele mai kekahi kahakai a i kekahi.
A ʻaʻole wale kēia ʻo nā mea ulana e lilo no ka pono. Hoʻonui nā māka i kūkulu ʻia e lākou i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, i mea kūpono i nā mea ʻai nāu, ua hāʻawi i ka nui o ka iʻa.
Hoʻohana ʻia
Kahi mua nā Beavers ma Asia, kahi i waiho mau ai ko lākou fossilized i hope i ka Eocene. ʻO nā bea hope kaulana loa nā kānaka nunui o ka Pleistocene, Siberian Trogontherium cuvieri a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hema Castoroides ohioensis. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ulu o ka hope, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nui o ke ʻīwī, i hōʻea i 2.75 m, a ʻo ka huina he 350 kg.
ʻĀina waiwai
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua minedi ʻia nā ʻōpala no ka hulu manu nani. Hoʻohui ʻia, e hoʻohana ʻia kahi pū beaver i hoʻohana ʻia, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻoihana ʻala.
ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo Beaver. ʻO ka mahalo, ua hāpai ʻo Katolika iā ia i ka meaʻai ʻai. Ua hoʻopunipuni ka huelo scaly, no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lāʻau o ka iʻa. He pilikia ka Beaver ma muli o kāna kahu kūlohelohe o ka salmonellosis.
ʻO nā honu a me nā kāwili
Noho ka poʻe Beavers ma nā kunu a i ʻole huts. ʻO ka puka e kipa ana i ka home o ka beaver e waiho mau ʻia ma lalo o ka wai no ka palekana. E puhi ana nā pū i nā waihona kālai a i ʻole nā kālai wai; he labyrinth paʻakikī ia me ka komo ʻana o 4-5. Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia nā pā a me nā peʻe o ka lua a hoʻōla ʻia. Aia ka lumi kola i loko o ka lua i ka hohonu o ka lōʻihi aʻe o ka ma mua o ka m 1. Pono ka papahele o 20 kenimika ma luna o ka pae wai. Inā piʻi ka wai i ka wai, e hoʻoulu kahi bea i ka papahele, e ʻohi ana i ka lepo mai ka palaki. A ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka muliwai ma luna o ka puka o ka lua i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā holoholona i ka lua, ua uhi lākou i kēia wahi me kahi canopy kūikawā. I kekahi manawa e hiolo ana ka paila o kahi lua a ma kona wahi i paʻa ai ka papahele o nā pua a me ka lika manu, e hoʻololi ana i ka papaʻu i kahi ʻano transitional o kahi mālama - he hapalua-shack. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wai kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā beavers e kūkulu i nā hāmama ma luna o nā lāʻau mai nā lālā a me nā lālā me kahi moena o ka mauʻu maloʻo.
Kūkulu ʻia nā hule ma nā wahi i hiki ʻole ai ke burrows - ma nā kahawai palupalu a haʻahaʻa a me nā pāpō hoʻi. Hoʻomaka hoʻomaka ʻo Beavers e kūkulu i hale hou ma mua o ka hopena o ʻAukake. Kipa ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi puʻupuʻu cone-cone, paʻa i ka silt a me ka honua, a hiki i 1-3 m ke kiʻekiʻe a he 10-12 m ke anuanu. hole ma ka uahi. ʻOiai ka manaʻo pālahalaha nui, hoʻopili nā beavers i ka pālolo me ke kōkua o ko lākou mau forepaws, ʻaʻole ka kaila (ʻo ka huelo ka lawelawe wale ʻana he rudder). I loko o ka hale honu nā manholes i loko o ka wai a me kahi papa e piʻi i luna o ka pae o ka wai. Me nā hana o nā hua mua, e hoʻohui hou i nā beavers i nā houp me kahi papa hou o ka pālolo. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia kahi mālama maikaʻi i loko o nā huts, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka wai i loko o nā manholes, a loaʻa i nā mānaka ke hele i loko o ka mānoanoa a loko o ka waihona waiwai. I nā kuʻekuʻe koʻikoʻi ma luna o nāapu kuahiʻu, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona o ka noho ʻana o ka hale. I kekahi manawa i loko o hoʻokahi pānaʻi beaver aia kekahi nō hoʻi a me nā ʻuʻuku. Pēlā ka poʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa, ʻaʻole loa e litter i ko lākou mau home me ka lepo a me ka excrement.
Ma nā hale wai me nā ʻano wai e hoʻololi ana, a me nā kahawai wai a me nā kahawai, kūkulu nā ʻohana beaver i nā kāmela. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou e hāpai, mālama a hoʻoponopono i ka pae o ka wai i loko o ka nui o ka wai i hiki ke kūleʻa ʻia nā puka i nā puʻu a me nā kīkī. Aia nā pāpū ma lalo o ke kaona beaver o nā kumu lāʻau, nā lālā a me ka palaina, i mālama ʻia e ka pālolo, ka silt, nā ʻōpala a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe e hānai ai i ko lākou mau niho a manu ʻole. Inā he kahe wikiwiki ka kino o ka wai a aia nā pōhaku ma ka haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi lākou me he mea laʻa. ʻO ka paona o nā pōhaku i hiki i kekahi manawa ke hiki aku 15-18 kg.
No ke kūkulu i ka pāpū, ua koho nā wahi i ulu a kokoke i ka lihi o ke kai. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana me nā beavers kūʻē i nā lālā a me nā hehi i lalo, e hoʻoikaika ana i nā āpau me nā lālā a me nā ʻoihana, e hoʻopiha ana i nā kīpī me nā silt, ka pālolo a me nā pōhaku. Ma ke kākoʻo he kākoʻo ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka lāʻau i hāʻule i ka muliwai, lohi iki me ia i nā lako i kūkulu ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao a pau. I kekahi manawa i nā kumulāʻau beaver a loaʻa i ke aʻa, e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ikaika keu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka dam dam ka 20-30 m, ʻo ka laulā ma ke kumu he 4-6 m, ma ka crest 1-2 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i ka 4.8 m, ʻoiai ʻo ka 2 m. ʻO ka palapala ma ka kūkulu ʻana i nā pā, ʻaʻole na ka mea maʻamau, akā i nā beavers Kanalona - ʻo ka ʻehā hoʻi i kūkulu ʻia e lākou ma ka muliwai. ʻO Jefferson (Montana), ua lōʻihi i ka 700 m. (Ma ka mokuʻāina o New Hampshire aia kekahi ala lōʻihi - 1,2 km.) ʻO ke ʻano o ka pōʻai e hilinaʻi ana i ka wikiwiki o kēia wā - kahi e lohi ana, kokoke pololei ka ʻāpana, ua kūloko ʻo ia ma nā kahawai wikiwiki ma ke ano o ka mea o keia manawa. Inā ikaika ka nāu, inā hoʻokau nā pālani liʻiliʻi i nā kāwili liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku i luna o ka muliwai. Hoʻomau pinepine ʻia kahi waika ma kahi o ka wahii i ʻole e wāwahi ʻia ai e ka wai. ʻO ka awelika, ʻālau ʻohana he kahi ma kahi hebedoma e kūkulu i kahi pā 10 m. Mālama pono nā mākaʻi i ka palekana o ka dam a kuʻi ia i ka hanana ʻana. I kekahi manawa pili i kekahi mau ʻohana e hana ana i nā lōlani e komo i ka hana.
ʻO ka hāʻawi nui ʻana i ka hana o nā beaver i ka wā i hana ʻia ai nā pā i hana ʻia e ka Sweden ethologist Don Wilson (1971) a me ka zoologist Farani (1967, 1980). Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wai.ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻana, ua ʻike pololei i nā kipa me kahi e loli ai ka leo, ka mea e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano o nā wahi hoʻohua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i nānā i ka kaʻole o ka wai - ma ke ʻano like, ua hōʻike nā beavers i ke kani ʻana o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kākau paʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia he mau hoʻokolohua hou ʻia ke kani ʻana, ʻaʻole naʻe, ʻaʻole ia wale ke ʻano. No laila, ua hoka ʻia nā mea ʻili e ka wahi puaʻa i nā beaver me nā lau a me nā lālā, ʻoiai ke kahe ma ka lalo a he "inaudible". I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ia e kūlike loa pehea ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana o nā beavers i nā kuleana i waena o lākou iho i ka hana hui. Hiki iā lākou ke hana me nā hui pū kekahi, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, a i ʻole wale. Akā nā hana kolamu a me nā mea hana kūʻokoʻa e like me kahi hoʻolālā kūlohelohe maʻamau, pololei maoli a noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi loa.
No ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻokiʻoki nā mākaʻi i nā kumulāʻau, e ʻalupā ana iā lākou ma ke kumu, e kuʻi ana i nā lālā, a laila hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana i nā māhele. Kolo ka beaver i kahi aspen me ka lōʻihi o 5-7 cm i 5 mau minuke, he kumulāʻau me ka lōʻihi o 40 cm mau ʻāpana a ʻokiʻoki i ka pō, a i ke kakahiaka ka ulu wale ʻana i kahi lāʻau a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻumi e waiho ana ma kahi o ka hana a ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻōpū o kahi lāʻau i paʻi ʻia e ka beaver e kiʻi i ke ʻano o ka hourglass. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukuna Beaver, piʻi i kona mau wāwae hind a ke kau nei ma kona huelo. ʻĀnō nā ʻūʻā nui e like me ka mea ʻike: i kahi e kau ai i kahi lāʻau, paʻa ka beaver i kona ʻili me nā pou o luna a hoʻomaka e hoʻoneʻe koke i kāna iwi ʻāʻuku mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao, e hana ana i ka holo o 5-6 i kekona. Hopu ʻoi nā mea laha laka: akā wale nō ka ʻaoʻao mua, ka umauma o ka niho paʻakikī. Ke kime nei kahi beaver ma kahi mea, e wikiwiki koke ka lihi o ka niho ma mua o ka enamel, no laila e kū pinepine ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka niho i nā manawa āpau.
ʻAi nā mea kanu o kekahi mau lālā o kahi kumulāʻau i hāʻule ma luna o ka wahi, haki kekahi a hoʻokaʻinū a lele ʻole paha ma ka wai i ko lākou wahi a i ʻole ka pūnaewele o ka māka. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hāhai ana i nā ala like ʻole no ka meaʻai a me nā mea kūkulu hale, hehi lākou ma nā ala ala o kahakai e hoʻoulu lū ʻia me ka wai - beaver channels. Hoʻopili lākou i ka ʻai lāʻau me lākou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe e hoʻopaʻa i nā haneli mau mika me ka laulā o 40-50 cm a hohonu paha o 1 m. ʻO nā mea kikowaena ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau i nā kahawai.
Ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia wahi ma muli o ka hana a nā mea pīkī ka noho ma luna o ia bea hiʻohiʻona.
Hoʻaiho
Nā Beavers no ka ʻohana Castaridae, aia wale nō ka ʻohana genus Castor a he 2 wale nō ka mea:
- ka beaver maʻamau (Castor fiber) (aka muliwai a i ʻole hikina)
- Kūkākūkā Kanada (aka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika) (Castor canadensis).
I kēia mau lā, loaʻa nā ʻākuhi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma o ka ʻāina, mai ka waha o ka muliwai Mackenzie ma Kanada hema a hiki i Mexico. Akā ʻaʻole naʻe mau. Uaʻimi nā kānaka i kēia mau holoholona i mau kenekulia no ka latou o ka ʻiʻo, ka hulu, a me ka kahawai manu. A ke kumu, i ka hopena o ka kenekulia 19, ua lilo ka helu o nā kānaka Kanaka ma ke ʻano he koʻikoʻi, a ma ka hapanui o ko lākou mau noho, ua pau loa lākou i luku pau ia, i loko o ka hikina hikina. Ua puhi ʻia nā māka'āina a me nā kaiāulu kūloko i ke kani ʻana, a hoʻomaka ʻia nā holoholona mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia lākou ma Finlandia, Lūkia, a i kekahi mau ʻāina o ka Central Europe (Germany, Austria, Poland). ʻO kekahi o ka heluna nui o nā rodents Kanada i kēia lā ke noho nei ma ka hema hema o Finland.
Kahi ʻōpio maʻamau ma mua o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hikina, ʻaʻole naʻe i hiki i nā poʻomanaʻo ke noho i kahi o ke kanaka. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, he mau liʻiliʻi wale nō ka poʻe e noho ana me ka huina he 1,200 mau poʻe i ola ma Farani, Norewai, Kelemānia, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, China a me Mongolia.
Ma muli o ka hoʻopili hou ʻana a me nā polokalamu e hoʻāla hou a kēia mau holoholona, i hoʻomaka ai e hana i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki hope, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o ka beaver maʻamau. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XXI, aia ma kahi o 500-600 tausani kanaka, a ua hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou wahi ma ʻEulopa a me Asia.
Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻelua i ka ʻāina o Lūkini i kēia lā, ʻoiai ka ʻānu ʻo ka mea noho mua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona kaila ma kahi o ka puni honua āpau o ka Russian Lūkini - mai nā palena komohana i ka wahi ʻo Baikal a me Mongolia, a mai nā ʻāina Murmansk ma ka ʻākau a hiki i Astrakhan i ka hema. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohui ʻia kēia ʻano ma Primorye a me Kamchatka.
ʻO ka ʻānela Kanada i ko mākou ʻāina ua puka i nā makahiki 50 o nā kenekulia i hala, me ka hoʻōki wale ʻana iā Karelia a me ka Leningrad Region mai nā wahi e kokoke ana o Finlandia, a i ka makahiki 70, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia holoholona holoholona ma ka wai o ka muliwai Amur a me Kamchatka.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana ma Beaver
ʻOkoʻa loa ka hiʻohiʻona o ka beaver i ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻē aʻe o ka squent squad, i wehewehe ʻia e ka ala semi-aquatic o ke ola o ko kākou kanaka koa. Mai ka nānā ʻana o ka mea lāʻau ololi, nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka holoholona i nā mea he nui, he ʻele a me ka pālule ʻili a me nā ʻūhā ʻāmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻokiʻoki ʻikepili.
ʻO nā Beavers ka nui ākea o nā fauna o ka Honua Mua a me nā lua o ka nui loa i hope o nā capybaras ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ke kino o ka holoholona he squat, daps, he fusiform kona ʻano, ua pālahalaha kona ʻaoʻao hope, aia wale nō ke kumu o ka huelo ua hiʻu ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 80 - 120 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana o nā pākeke i kahi awelika o 20-30 kg, hiki ʻole i ke kaumaha ke hiki i 45 kg. ʻOi ka nui o nā ʻano Kanada ma mua o ka mea maʻamau.
ʻO kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ʻuʻupu a me ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua ʻāʻihi hoʻi ʻaʻole huli i huli. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, me kahi pihi kūpaʻa a me kahi membrane nā pehu kahe (e pale i nā maka ma lalo o ka wai). He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, huluhulu mai ka huluhulu. Loaʻa i nā puka auditions waho a me nā ʻuʻuku i nā ʻūhā kūikawā i kū i ka wā e hoʻopolo ʻia i ka wai. Hiki i nā ʻōlima lili ke pani ma hope o nā mea pīkī ponoʻī, hoʻokaʻawale i ka lua waha, e ʻae ai ka poʻe ʻūlū i nā mea kanu ma lalo o ka wai me ka wehe ʻole i ko lākou waha.
Hoʻohālikelike nā maka o nā holoholona i ka neʻe ʻana, ka maka ʻike ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka lohe maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻono, ʻo ia nā manaʻo nui ma ka ʻāina.
Ua pālahalaha ka huelo, hiki i 30 cm ka loa, 13 cm ka laulā, a ʻoi aku ka pupuʻu a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka beaver ma Kanada. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana like i ka ʻili me nā unahi nui me ka nui o ka bristles.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā manamana lima ʻelima i nā leheleheʻau maikaʻi i nā wāwae hind (ma nā forelegs i kā lākou wā kamaliʻi). ʻO nā wāwae mua i nāwaliwali ma mua o nā wāwae hind a hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona me nā lima - me kā lākou kōkua, he beaver i huki i nā mea, ʻeli a me nā lua, e hoʻoili ai i nā meaʻai. ʻO ke kino nui o ka neʻe holoholona no nā wāwae hind. Ma ka lua o ka wāwae o ka wāwae hind aia kahi pua cifurcated, i piha i nā ʻāpana ʻelua: ke poʻo o luna - kuhikuhi a haʻahaʻa a me nā pāhini horny ona ākea, kahi mau pilina i kēlā me kēia. Hoʻohana kēia claw e ka holoholona no nā kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe - e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hui pū i ka lauoho me ia i ka wā molting, hoʻoneʻe i nā parasites.
ʻO ka hulu beaver ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka uliuli, ka ʻokoʻa pinepine o ka ʻulaʻula. I kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe me nā wahi me nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele mau ka undercoat. ʻO ka ma lalo haʻahaʻa o ke kino he pubescent denser.
Kēia ʻia, he kahiko kahiko ke ʻano o ka palaka māmā, ia i ola i ka wā o ka hau, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā beavers i ke anuanu, aʻo nā mea ʻokoʻa o ka waihoʻoluʻu e ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ʻōhua hema.
Nā ʻōhua a me nā huts
Ua lohe paha nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao kahaha o kēia mau holoholona. Ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha ʻole, ua aʻo nā beaver e hoʻopili i ka kaiapuni i ko lākou pono ponoʻī. ʻO nā māmole i hana ʻia e lākou e hoʻonui i ka ʻokoʻa hoʻololi, hoʻonui i ka wai, hoʻonui i ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai, a hoʻololi i ke ʻano. Me ke kumu no ka maki, kahi lāʻau i hāʻule i ke kahawai e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Ua uhi ʻia me nā lālā, nā ʻāpana o nā wahi lāʻau, nā pōhaku, ka honua, ka mea kanu, a hiki i ka poʻokela hoʻi a hiki i ka 100 mika (nā kihi o ka pāpū a hiki i kahi mamao o ke kahawai), a ua piʻi pinepine ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻekolu mau mika. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka ʻokoʻa ka wai ke ana ʻelua mau mika. Hōʻike ia i ka ʻohana e kūkulu i kekahi mau pahu i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano he kumu hana hana hanu. Hoʻolaha nui loa nā Rodents i ka hana ʻana i nā pahu i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomau ka hana i nā makahiki a puni.
Kukui Beaver
He pīkoi akamai ka poʻe Beavers. Kuhi pinepine lākou i nā lua i loko o kahi kahua no ka ʻohana, hiki ke ʻoi aku i nā kaila māmā a i ʻole labyrinths holoʻokoʻa mai ke kaʻe o kahi kahawai a i ʻole ka poʻokela ai i nā keʻena a hoʻokahi paha. I nā mau biotypes he nui, hoʻohana kēia mau rodents i nā ʻōpala e like me nā wahi ma mua.
ʻIke like me ka beaver hut
ʻO kahi koho hou no ka home kahakai he ipo. Hoʻokumu kā lākou mau kikowaena i kēlā mau wahi kahi i hiki ʻole ai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā lua. Hoʻohana nā holoholona i nā ʻeke, nā waʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nāʻu ana i ke kumu o ka hut. I waho, he noho nui kahi noho ma loko, kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻōpala lāʻau, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka honua, silt, nā mea kanu kanu. Ma loko, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi keʻena huna, kahi i hele ai kahi ala ma lalo o ka wai. I ka awelika, ka lōʻihi o ke ana o ka hut 3-4 mau mika. He nui nā keʻena paʻakikī ma mua o nā lumi like ʻole. Hiki i ka noho waʻa ke kīnā a mau loa, hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻopau mau ʻia nā mea hope a hiki ke hiki i 14 mau mika ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau mika.
I waena o nā hana kūkulu beaver hana liʻiliʻi, ka eli ʻana o nā waikā ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa. Me kā lākou mau ʻakaʻā, keʻehi nei lākou i ka ʻōpala a me ka pālolo mai lalo o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā ala palala, e hoʻolei iā lākou i nā ʻaoʻao mai ko lākou ala. Hiki i nā kaila hopena ke noho i nā holoholona i ka wai, e neʻe ana ma waena o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole e ʻai ai i nā wahi. ʻO ka hapa nui, hana ʻia nā rodents i ke kauwela, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai.
He mea kūpono ia e ʻike nui ʻia nā mākeke Kanada. He ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hale.
Kauʻai
ʻO nā Beavers nā holoholona hānai holoholona wale nō. Hiki i ʻano like ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o kā lākou meaʻai i nā lau, nā aʻa, nā lāʻau kanu, nā algae. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, huli lākou i nā lālā manawaleʻa o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, makemake i ka aspen, willow a alder paha.
Hoʻomaka i waena oʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ka hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻai lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ia ia nā lālā ulu a me nā ʻāpana o ka hehi o ka aspen, willow, cherry bird, alder, birch, a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā conifers. Kālana ʻia nā hua lāʻau i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e nā holoholona a mālama ʻia i lalo o ka wai ma nā wahi hohonu e pili ana i nā pōā a me nā hale moe. Hiki i nā mea pīpī ke ʻauʻau i kā lākou lako ma lalo o ka wai me ka ʻole e waiho i kahi pōpoki palekana.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka wahie, nā māʻona o nā holoholona me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana ma nā māla nui a me nā māla lāʻau e hiki.
ʻAʻole mālama nā beavers nui ʻEulopa no ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka hele ʻana, hele lākou i uka i ka hoʻoilo i ka ʻai.
Castoreum
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā holoholona ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi "kahawai beaver" i hana ʻia e nā kelepona kūikawā. He mea paʻakikī ia e loaʻa ana i nā haneli o nā mea wae, me nā alcohols, nā fenols, salicylaldehyde a me ka castoramine. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema no kēia ʻano mea no ka castoreum.
Mai ka wā ma mua, ua hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai hoʻolilo i ka lua i ka kahawai wai. I nā makahiki Y-IY o BC Ua ʻike ʻo Hippocrates a me Herodotus i kona kū pono i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi. A i kēia lā, ua loaʻa kēia mea noi i noi ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau o nā kānaka, akā ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka poni.
Hoʻohana ka ʻili ʻo ia i kāna mea ʻona no ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā kumu. ʻO nā hōʻailona manaʻoʻoniʻoni kekahi o nā ala e hoʻololi ai i nā ʻike o kā mākou mau koa. ʻO nā ʻano Kanada a me nā muliwai hoʻi waiho i nā hōʻailona ʻalaʻala ma luna o nā puʻu i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi o ka wai mai nā silt a me nā mea kanu i hāpai ʻia mai lalo aʻe o ke kaila.
Hoʻohana pili ʻohana
ʻO ka hapa pinepine, noho nā beaver i nā ʻohana ʻohana (colonies), akā aia kekahi poʻe e makemake i ka noho manawaleʻa. Ma nā wahi kīnā maikaʻi, hiki i ka nui o nā holoholona hoʻokahi ke piʻi i 40%.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi ʻohana i kahi kāne pākeke, nā haumāna o nā makahiki o kēia makahiki, nā cubs o ka makahiki i hala, a i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki a i ʻole nā keiki ʻekahi mai nā litters i hala. Hiki i nā nui ʻohana ke hiki i ka 10-12 kanaka.
Kahi ʻia ka hierarchy ma loko o ke kolone e like me ke kumu kuʻuna makahiki, me ke kūlana hoʻonani o ka pākeke pālua. Kahi hewa nā ʻano o nā kūlohelohe kino, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau ʻehā ma nā wī. ʻO kēia ka hopena o nā hakakā me nā malihini me nā palena teritorial.
Hoʻomau ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā kiko o kēia mau mea i ko lākou ola. Noho paʻa ka ʻohana ʻohana, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Lawe mai lākou i hoʻokahi brood i ka makahiki, ma 1 mai 5 mau cubs i loko o kahi bea maʻamau, ma ka ulu ʻana o Kanaka ua ʻoi aku - a hiki i 8 cubs. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa pinepine ma ka brood aia nā 2-3 cubs.
E hoʻomaka ka lāhui ma Ianuali (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka palena) a kū a hiki i Malaki. Noho ke kiaʻi ma luna o 103-110 mau lā.
Loaʻa ka ʻike hou o ka wahine hou, a me nā paʻu i lalo. Mālama ka makuahine i nā pēpē me ka waiū (ʻo ia ka 4 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka waiū o nā bipi) no like i like me 6-8 wiki, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ʻelua mau pule, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻakaʻala i ke kīlei i nā lau palu i lawe ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua. I ka piha o 1 mahina, e hoʻomaka ka wā liʻiliʻi a haʻalele i ka noke a ʻai wale ma ko lākou iho.
ʻOiai ʻuʻuku nā keiki, mālama ka makuakāne i ka hapa nui o ka manawa o ka mālama ʻana i ka pā ʻohana. ʻO ka wahine i kēia manawa lohi e hānai i nā pēpē a mālama pono iā lākou. Ke ulu maikaʻi o nā keiki, akā pono lākou i mau mahina o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e ʻike i ka mākaukau o ka hana ʻana i nā kālai a me nā hole. Ke aʻo aku nei nā mākua iā lākou e komo i ka waiwai āpau, ʻo ka kūkulu ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻamau, haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i ko lākou mau ʻohana a hele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina i ka makahiki i ka makahiki ʻelua a alakaʻi i ka noho kuikahi a hiki i ka wā i loaʻa ai lāua i kahi kāne.
Hōʻike ka ʻōpio Beaver i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, akā hoʻomaka nā wahine wahine e hoʻohua ma ka 3-5 mau makahiki o ke ola.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kahi beaver maʻamau ma ke ʻano he 17-18 mau makahiki, Kanada - 20 mau makahiki. Akā, ma ka vivo he maʻamau lākou i ola ma mua o 10 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kēia mau rodents i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hānai mālama i hiki i 30 mau makahiki.
Kamaʻilio ʻana
I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kāʻei, e kamaʻilio nā beaver me kekahi me ke kōkua o ke hoʻopili ʻana i kā lākou huelo i ka wai. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau ka haʻi ʻana o nā poʻe pākahi i nā malihini i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ke koʻokoʻo i komo i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e hana ma kahi pane, e ʻae ana iā ia e nānā i ka hewa o kāna mau manaʻo a me ka pae hoʻoweliweli āna i kū ai.
ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio ai ma o nā ʻano pose like ʻole, a me nā leo hoʻi: hiki i nā holoholona ke walaʻau a me nā ʻihi.
ʻO nā pono a me nāʻino o nā beavers
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i ʻike ʻia nā beavers no kā lākou makemake ʻana no ka kūkulu ʻana: e hoʻopiha ana i kā lākou mau pā, ua hana lākou i nā ʻānina e hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka wai i loko o nā wai wai. I ka hopena, hiki i ka wai ke hoʻopuka i nā ʻāpana nui o ka nahele a luku iā ia. Hiki paha ke pilikia a me nā alanui.
ʻO ka lua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ka huhū i ke ʻano o ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa, ke lilo ʻana i ka pa alima no ka hele ʻana i ka hina, keʻokeʻo, ka salmon a me ka iʻa trout e kahe ʻia ma nā wai liʻiliʻi.
ʻĀnō e nānā i nā hana o kēia mau holoholona mai kēlā ʻaoʻao. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ke kaila ʻana o nā ʻōpala beaver e noho ana ma ka wai kahawai a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai a hoʻēmi, a me kēia e hōʻemi ai ka nui o nā kahe i ka wā o ke kai ʻana, e hōʻemi ana i ka lalo a me ke kai o ke kai, hoʻopōkole i ka manawa o ke kauwela haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa i ke kau hou ʻana o ke ʻano o nā punawai a me nā kahawai i hoʻopau ʻia ma muli o ka hana kanaka. Pēlā kēia hana i ka nahele i noho ʻia e nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a no laila, ʻaʻole i hiki ke kūpono i ke ahi ahi.
Ke hoʻomoe nei i ka kahe o ka kahawai, hoʻoulu nā kumulāʻau i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hana i kahi ʻōnaehana kānana kūlohelohe e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā pōʻino mahele o ka wai. Eia kekahi, ke ulu nei nā kino nui o ka wai i nā pono ʻē aʻe, e like me, e like me, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui o ka ékological.
Hoʻomaikaʻi hou nā mea kanu i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai o ka hares, deer, ka mea e hānai ana i ka "ʻōpala" o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kāmela, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻowalewale i nā holoholona hihiu.
Pēlā ka hana a kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi i nā pili wai kokoke, a hiki i kahi kanaka ke hoʻonui i kona ʻike i kā lākou pono ola ola a hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā e hiki ai i nā poʻe ʻelua a me nā ʻoka ke hoʻohana pū me ka ʻike.