Ua lawe ʻia mai nā polikula hina i United Kingdom i ka hopena o ka kenekulia 19 mai Canada a me ke kumu o nā mea i hoʻopuka ʻia. Lawe ʻia lākou ia mau mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli makahiki no ka hoʻohilahila ʻole ʻana i ka ʻāina, akā, no ka hoʻokae wale ʻana nō i nā ʻōpio kūloko, ʻike ʻia no ko lākou ʻulaʻula.
Ka mea, aia he mau ʻokoʻa kumu ma waena o nā piliona a me nā haole: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka squirrel ʻulaʻula, fluffier a ʻaʻole i ka huhū i ka hana maʻamau e like me ka hina hina o ʻAmelika. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka kuʻina hina i UK ka huina o nā miliona mau kānaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka lehulehu o nā redheads i emi ka ʻumi mau tausani (ma 2008, aia wale nō he 30,000 mau puʻukūula e waiho nei ma ka ʻāina).
Ua ʻākoakoa nā luna Pelekane i ka holo ʻana i nā poli hina no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. No laila, ma ka 2008 wale nō, i loko o kekahi o nā kalima ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻEnelani, ua kī ʻia he 15 tausani nā kime hina hina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻomaka pū kekahi a lākou e ʻai - i loko o kekahi eateries ma Newcastle ua ʻalī ʻia lākou i ka aila, e like me ka iʻa. A laila ua hāʻawi ke aupuni Pelekane i 150,000 mau paona i hoʻokahi a no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pilikia kuikahi me ke kōkua o nā ʻae a i ʻole ke pana ʻana. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i kōkua.
Wahi a nā kaiāulu, e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā haole hina ka hopena i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo para-pox virus, nāna e hoʻomālamalama i nā protein ʻulaʻula. ʻOiai ke hoʻopau pōkole loa me nā mea maʻi ʻupena e lilo i mea make no nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula - ma hope o ʻelua pule wale nō e make ai lākou. Pono ka poʻe e hoʻokaʻawale a kau aku i nā "mālama ʻona," hoʻonaninani ʻo Lindsay Mackinley i kūlohelohe.
"Ma ke kaohi hoʻomalu i manaʻo ai mākou e hopu a pana ʻole paha. I ka hihia o ka hopu ʻana, pono e hoʻonaninani ʻia nā ʻōpū hina i loko o nā ʻano kanaka, wahi a Mackinley. "Maopopo maoli au i ka nui o ia mau hana me he mea ʻole paha, akā he pilikia maoli ko mākou: pono mākou e hoʻopakele i nā lāʻau ʻulaʻula a hoʻopaʻa i ke kaua ʻana" i hoʻoneʻe ʻia o nā hina.
Makemake ʻo Makinley e kākoʻo ka lahui kamaʻilio i ka papahana re-populasyon, e pana ana i nā puʻu hina, a pēlā e mālama ai i nā redheads.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokae ka poʻe Pelekane i nā mea komohewa. ʻAʻole e ola wale nō nā kānaka poli hina, akā, e like me nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻaihue nei i ka poʻe noho ma ʻEnelani e mau miliona mau kaukani makahiki. ʻO ka mea ʻo ia ka hapalua o nā hua a nā kahu ʻai kaiāulu a me nā mea mahiʻai e hānai mau i nā manu ʻili. Hoʻokomo lākou i nā mea ʻuʻuku a ʻai i nā hua manu. ʻO kā lākou mau hewa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā kāmela wikiō, kākau ai ʻo Guardian.
ʻOi aku ma kahi o 40% o nā hale ma ka hapanui o nā manu hānai UK a me ke kūʻai ʻana mai ma kahi o 150 tausani tons o ka ʻai ma kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, lilo ka British i ka 210 miliona mau paona ma ia mea. Akā ʻo nā haʻawina hou e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wikiō ma mua o 33,000 mau kipa e hānai ai i nā ʻōpala i hōʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o ka meaʻai i nā squirrels hina, ʻaʻole nā manu.
E ʻike ai, ua hoʻokomo nā mea noiʻi i nā kāmera wikiō maʻalahi i nā māla kula a puni o ka Heluhelu. No laila ua ʻike lākou ʻaʻole i hoʻokokoke nā manu i ka poʻe hānai i ka holo ʻana o ke kau pahu, akā makaʻu pū lākou e lawe i ka meaʻai mai laila a ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, he kuleana no nā protein no ka hapalua o nā kipa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea hānai. ʻAi lākou i ka hapa o ka hapa o nā meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia no nā manu.
Ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema ʻepekema e hūnā i nā meaʻai i loko o nā hale kūikawā. Manaʻo lākou ʻaʻole hiki i nā protein i ke kīpē. Akā, ʻo ka mea mua, hiki iā lākou. A ʻo ka lua, ʻaʻole makemake nā manu e komo i loko o ka hale e ʻai ai. Manaʻo iki paha lākou i ka palekana i ka wā i loko o kahi kahu hānai.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake ka poʻe loea e hāʻawi. E hoʻowalewale i nā koʻi mai ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpala, hāʻawi lākou i hoʻopiha i nā hua ʻai wale na nā manu wale nō. Eia kekahi, manaʻo ko nā mea hoʻonaʻauao e hoʻāʻo i nā mea hānai kai me nā hākā pūnāwai. Lū lākou lākou a hūnā i ka meaʻai inā loaʻa i kahi holoholona koʻikoʻi i ka mea hānai.
"ʻO nā hopena o kā mākou noiʻi ua kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi loa i ka pōʻino waiwai a me ka pōʻino i kū i ke kai poʻomaka ʻole ʻōiwi," wahi a Robert Middleditch, i mea hoʻopuka no Songbird Survival. "ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi e ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike pono ua hele ka ʻai i kā mākou māla pua." Akā e kōkua ʻo ia iā mākou e mālama i ke kālā [ma luna o ka manawa.]
ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo o ka pā pana ʻana i nā pali hina hina i UK ka mākaʻi o ka Royal Society no ka ʻae ʻana o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā holoholona.
"ʻO ka pepehi ʻana i kekahi ʻano ʻano no kekahi ʻē aʻe ke ʻano lula," i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka haʻi ʻōlelo kaiāulu, ʻo Rob Atkinson. - A hiki i ka 70s o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi laikini e pana pua i ka mākē ʻulaʻula. Inā hana ʻino ke kanaka i ka holoholona a ka holoholona, alakaʻi iā ia i ka hiʻona o ka luku, a laila e hoʻāʻo iā ia e hoʻopakele iā ia, me ka luku ʻana iā ia kekahi - ʻano maoli ʻole ia. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ai ke hoʻihoʻi i ka lepa ma ke ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi kumu no ka hana ʻana.
Nā kuʻuna a me nā home
Hoʻāhele ʻia kokoke kokoke i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - i Alaska, Kanada, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki i nā wao o Arizona a me New Mexico ma ka hema a me Georgia i ka hikina. Noho nā poli i nā kumulāʻau like, me nā wahi ulu coniferous, deciduous a hui ʻia. Hiki ke nānā ʻia lākou i nā wahi pākahi ma kahi o nā mea kanu lāʻau nui.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka protein ka 28-35 cm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 9.5-15-15 cm. I nā wahi like ʻole o kā lākou pākana, hiki i kēia mau protinoli ke hoʻololi i kahi kala, a hoʻololi pū kekahi mau protein i kā lākou hulu no ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. I ke kauwela, aia kahi kaula longitudinal ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōpū a me hope. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻona paha ka huluhulu ma ka ʻōpū. Loaʻa ka palena ʻoi ka palena. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā maka ʻalā keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo.
Ecology
I kahi hihiu, noho nā ʻāpana ulaula i ʻehiku mau makahiki, akā make ka hapanui ma mua o ko lākou ola ʻana i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ke ola hoʻokahi a ola i kēlā me kēia lā, ikaika i ka makahiki āpau. Hoʻohana pinepine i ka wanaʻao a me ke ahiahi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ko lākou noho i loko o nā kuahiwi lāʻau kahiko, nā lāʻau lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka lehelehe, hoʻāla pinepine nā ʻāhinahina ʻula i ka hoʻoilo ma ka pūnaewele kumu ma lalo o ke kahua. Kūleʻa pinepine nā protein i ka wā e pau ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka wahi noho. Ke hele nei, hele pinepine lākou i kēlā me nā mea i loaʻa.
He aha nā māhele o ka honua e noho nei ke kaila ʻulaʻula?
ʻAʻole hiki i kēia holoholona holoholona i loaʻa i nā wahi ʻē aʻe wale nō ʻo ʻAmelika Hema ʻAmelika Hema. Aia ma laila, kokoke like nā wahi āpau i nā luna o kēia ʻano pili. Noho lākou ma Alaska, ma ke kikowaena o ka ʻāina, ma Kanada a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina.
Wāmika ʻulaʻula (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus).
No ka noho hoʻoluʻolu, koho nā squirrels i nā nahele. ʻO ka hapa nui loa o nā mea āpau a lākou e makemake e noho i loko o nā nahele ulu a ʻā like ʻole. Loaʻa pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau mea kuhi kokoke i nā palena o ke kūlanakauhale, kahi a lākou e hoʻāʻo ai e mālama i nā ʻalāia e pili ana i nā loina lāʻau perennial.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻulaʻulaʻula a me nā hiʻohiʻona
E like me nā mea pāpū maʻamau e ʻike ai iā mākou, ʻo kā lākou mau hoahānau ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka nui o ke kino: mai 28 a 35 mau kenimika. ʻAʻole lawe ʻia kēia i ka huelo, e ulu ana i loko o kēia mau rodents a lōʻihi a hiki i 15 centimeters.
He noho aliʻi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula.
A ʻo ke kala o ka huluhulu, ʻo ke kamaʻāina kūlike a me ke kahua climatic o kahi e noho ai kekahi mea koʻikoʻi ma aneʻi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka ʻili ka ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha i ke kala. I ke kauwela kauwela, he ʻeleʻele, aneane ʻeleʻele, ʻōpiopio e noho ana ma ke kino i kū ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao o ke keʻena ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka hulu o nā kukuna he mau kukui māmā, ʻoi aku hoʻi - keʻokeʻo a ʻele paha kaʻaila. Hoʻopili ka huelo me kahi palena keʻokeʻo. No ka nani kūikawā, ka mea i hoʻonani ʻia me kahi palena keʻokeʻo a me nā makaʻeleʻele o ka holoholona. He mea koʻikoʻi ia e mahalo i ka leo holoʻokoʻa o ka "huluhulu hulu" i hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka manawa o ka makahiki.
Lifespan a me Līwila Kau Piʻi
Ua makemake kēia mau mea i ka ʻohana squirrel e alakaʻi i kahi noho manawaleʻa. ʻO ka hana nui i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. Me he home, ua lako nā kīkaha kahiko. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi i nā ʻuʻuku o nā manu, e like me nā mea ʻike loea.
He mau pahu pahu ulaula.
Loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau ma waena o nā ʻāpana ulaula i ʻimi ai e ʻimi ai i nā wahi hou o kahi noho a me nā meaʻai.
ʻO ke ola nō kēia mau holoholona, hiki iā lākou ke hiki i 7 mau makahiki, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā elemakule iā lākou a make lākou. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ka nānā ʻana i ke ola maʻamau o nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ... hoʻokahi wale nō makahiki! A i kekahi manawa ua emi iho. He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻopulapula o ke ola pōkole o kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi?
Noho liʻiliʻi nā pīkī ʻulaʻula a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki.
Malia paha nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻo ka nele ʻole o ka meaʻai kūpono, a he mea hiki ke hoʻomohala kumu i ke kanaka ka mea, ma ke ʻimi kālā ʻana, e hoʻomau i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona lehulehu, me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula!
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
He ʻauhau
ʻAʻole pono nā mokuho ʻulaʻula ʻAmelika me nā ʻāpana ulaula Eurasian ( ʻO nā kalaahi ʻo Sciurus ), no ka lele ʻole ʻana o kēia mau ʻano like ʻole, ua kapa ʻia lāua ʻelua heʻe ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i kēlā mau wahi i kamaʻāina ai lākou. Nā ʻōpū Spithet hudsonicus e pili ana ʻo Hudson Bay, Kanada, kahi i kapa mua ʻia ai kēia ʻano e Erxleben i 1771. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo phylogeny hou i nā protein, no ka mea hiki ke ʻoka ʻia ka ʻohana i ʻelima mau laina. Kaulana ʻulaʻula ( Tamiasciurus ) hāʻule i loko o kahi waihona waiwai e pili ana i nā mea lele lele a me nā mea kila Woody ʻē aʻe (e.g. Nā Sciurus ) Aia ka 25 mau subspecies i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula.
ʻAmelika ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōiwi ʻAmelika
E pālahalaha ʻia nā koʻi ʻulaʻAmelika a puni nā ʻĀpana ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO kā kā lākou ʻāpana pili i ka hapa nui o Canada, me ka ʻike ʻole i nā ʻāpana ʻākau, ʻaʻohe kapa o ka nahele, ma nā mokupuni o ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika (Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton a me Newfoundland), ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Alberta a me ke kahakai hema o British Columbia, ka ʻaoʻao hema ʻO Alaska, ʻo nā Rockies kahi wahi i ka ʻAmelika, a me ka hapalua o ka ʻāpana hikina o ka United States. He nui nā kukuna ʻalani ʻAmelika Huipū ʻole a ʻaʻole he hopohopo no ka mālama ʻana i ka hapanui o kā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ka nui o ka koʻi ʻula ʻāwili i Arizona. I ka makahiki 1987, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka heluna kanaka he mau mea make i ke ola.
Hānai
ʻO nā hale kākela ulaula ʻAmelika ka mea nui, akā ke kau nei i nā meaʻai i loko o kā lākou manawa kūpono. Ma ka Yukon, ʻike nui ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i nā hua pua keʻokeʻo ( Picea GLAUCA ) make i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o nā meaʻai o nā pahu ʻulaʻula, akā ua nānā ʻia nā kahu i ka ʻai ʻana i nā kiʻihi pihi a me nā pono, nā ʻūlio, nā wīwī ( Salix sp.) Nā kuʻuna, poplar ( Populile sp.) nā pua a me ka ʻōpala, bearberry ( ʻOi Hoʻopau sp.) nā pua a me nā huaʻala, a me nā mea waiwai mai nā holoholona holoholona, e like me nā hua o nā manu a me nā ʻalā aʻuʻu snowshoe paha (ʻōpio). Hoʻopili ke kuʻuna paʻakai keʻokeʻo i ka hopena o Iulai a hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa. Mālama ʻia kēia mau cones i hōʻili ʻia ma ke kikowaena waena a hāʻawi i ka ikehu a me nā mea pono no ke ola ʻana i ka wā hoʻoilo a hoʻoili hou i ka pūnāwai e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā kulu ʻili mai nā hua kanu i hoʻopau ʻia e hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā puʻu, i kapa ʻia ʻo Middens, ma luna o kahi mita o kahi. Hōʻai ʻia ka ʻike keʻokeʻo mai ʻelua a ʻeono paha mau makahiki kaomi, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka makahiki o ka nui o ka cone (momona makahiki) i nā makahiki he nui i hana ʻia kekahi mau cone. Hoʻokomo ʻia paha nā ʻōlima ʻulaʻula a ʻAmelika kekahi i waena o hoʻokahi.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻula ʻaʻaha ʻAmelika ka mea e ʻai ai i nā ʻano ʻano ʻuma, me kekahi mau mea e make ana i nā kānaka.
Hoʻohuli
ʻAmelika ʻōpiopio ʻAmelika ovulat ovulators. E komo i nā wahine i ka estrus hoʻokahi lā wale nō, akā ʻo kahi ʻenehana me kona wahi ma mua o ka ovulation, a hiki i kēia mau mea huakaʻi maʻi ke lawelawe e hoʻolaha i kā lākou estrus e hiki mai ana. Ma ka lā estrus, ʻimi ka wahine i kekahi mau kāne i ka ʻimi lōʻihi ʻana i ka male. Hoʻokūkū ʻo Males i kēlā me kēia no ka hiki ke moe me kahi wahine estrous. Huikau nā wahine mai 4 a 16 kāne. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka gestation ma ka palena o 31 a 35 mau lā. Hoʻokomo pū ka wahine i ka manawa mua i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, akā ke hoʻolōʻihi nei kekahi mau wahine i ka wā ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha. Hoʻohui ka hapanui o ka wahine i hoʻokahi ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ke kuʻi nei ka hana, ʻoiai i kekahi mau makahiki ʻē aʻe, e pālua ʻelua ka wahine. Lelima ka nui o ka lime mai kahi hoʻokahi a ʻelima, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā litters he ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau hua. Hoʻokani a kūlohelohe ka hua i ka hānau ʻana a paonaʻo ma kahi o 10 g. Ke ulu a ulu nā keiki ma kahi o 1,8 g i ka lā i ka wā e hānai ai, a hiki i ka nui o ke kino makua no 125 mau lā. Ua puka mua lākou mai kā lākou mau nest mau keiki ma kahi o nā lā 42, akā hoʻomau nā kahu hānai a hiki i kahi o 70 lā.
Kūkulu ʻia nā nests me ka mauʻu ma nā lālā lāʻau. Hoʻopili ʻia nā huki mai nā kahu o ka ʻikepiki - ka ulu ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ulu ʻole ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi rust - a i ʻole ka nahele i loko o nā kahi o ka puna, poplar, a me Walnut. ʻAiʻane ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻōmaʻala o ʻAmelika i lalo o lalo. He mau hānu kēlā me kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu i loko o kona ʻāina, a ʻo nā wahine me nā mea liʻiliʻi e neʻe aku iā lākou ma waena o nā nīnū. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano hana i loko o nā hale kanaka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka noho hoʻolaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokau ʻekolu no ka holo ʻana o kaʻahakaua i ke kaona hema o Yukon, hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana wahine ʻulaʻula ulana i ka nui o ka male kāne a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me nā kāne me ka pilina like ʻano. ʻAʻohe kumu i ka pili ʻo ka makua ma ka pae o ka nui o ka neonatal a me ka ulu o kā lākou mamo, a ʻaʻole i pili pū i ke ola ʻana o ka hua o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Ka hoʻōla a me ke ola
Pono e loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ulaula ʻAmelika Huipū ʻĀpana me Midden ma mua o kā lākou hoʻoilo mua i ola ai. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā ʻāina ma o ka hoʻokūkū no nā wahi noho ʻole, e hana ana i kahi ʻāina hou a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi āpau a ʻāpana paha mai ko lākou mau makuahine. ʻO kēia ʻanoʻano liʻiliʻi (15% litters) wahine i kapa ʻia e selalu a hoʻāʻo paha, a he ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ka wā ma ka pua. ʻO ka pili nui o kēia hana e pili ana i ka nui o nā lako a me nā makahiki o ka makuahine. I kekahi mau hihia, e loaʻa ka wahine i nā middens i mua o ka hānau ʻana, a laila e meʻae lākou i kā lākou mamo. ʻO ka hapa ma kahi e loaʻa ʻole ai ʻo Midden mai ko lākou makuahine, e noho maʻamau i loko o kahi 150 m (3) o ke kaona o ka diameters o kā lākou wahi hānau. Hōʻike nā ʻike i nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula kāne i nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā ʻano hana hou e hoʻonui ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka infantide i koho ʻia i nā makahiki i ka wā i nui ai ka meaʻai.
ʻAmelike nā papa ʻaila ʻAmelika i mua o ka make ma mua o ka make (ma ka awelika, ʻo 22% wale nō ke ola nei i hoʻokahi makahiki). ʻO ke kumu o ke ola, akā, e piʻi ana i ʻekolu mau makahiki, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka hāʻule hou. ʻO nā wahine e ola ana i ka makahiki hoʻokahi he ola he ola he 2,3 mau makahiki a me kahi ola ʻoi loa ka ola ʻo ʻewalu mau makahiki.
ʻO nā mea hoʻopiʻi nui ʻo Kanada ka lynx ( ʻO canadensis Lynx ), lynx ( Lynx rufus ), coyote ( Nā cani latrans ), ʻōlele nui ( ʻO ka wahine wahine Bubo ) lākou, (goshawk () Mea hoʻomaikaʻi Accipiter ), kaumoku ʻaukā ( Buteo jamaicensis ), ʻAi moa ( Corvus brachyrynchos ), ʻAmelika marten ( ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ), mū manu ulaula ( Vulpes vulpes ), keiko hina ( nā ʻeleʻele hina ), helehelena ( Canis lupus ) a kau manu Mustela sp.).
15.11.2018
No nā ʻohana squirrel (Sciuridae) nā pelekikena ʻulaʻula (lat. Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Ua loaʻa i kona inoa no ke ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ke kua a me ka huelo. Ma Kanada, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia koʻokoʻo he holoholona koʻikoʻi hānai holoholona, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kona hulu e hana i nā kapa.
I kēia manawa ua hana ʻia kāna pana ʻana i kekahi mau wahi o ka ʻāina. Ma kahi o 3 miliona mau pua e pana ʻia ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Lawe ʻia kā lākou luku ʻia e ka poʻe mahiʻai e ʻike iā lākou he mea kīhāpai nui hanohano.
Ua like ka holoholona i ka like me ka protein maʻamau (Sciurus vulgaris) maʻamau ma Eurasia. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ia ma 1771 e ke kanaka maoli kūloko ʻO Johann Christian Erksleben i ke kahua o ke kiʻi lāʻau i kuhi ʻia i ke kahakai kahakai o ka Hudson Bay.
ʻAno lawehala
Ke alakaʻi nei ka holoholona i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua aneane pinepine ia ma luna o nā kumulāʻau a ʻaʻole iho i lalo i ka lepo me ka pono ʻole o ka manaʻo. Holo holo koke ka rodent ma luna o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāina a ʻauʻau maikaʻi, hiki ke ʻauʻau e lanakila i nā loko liʻiliʻi.
Eia ikaika ia a puni ka makahiki a ʻaʻole hibernate. I ka wā o ka ua a me ka ua, noho mau ʻo ia ma kona puʻuwai, ʻikepili me nā mea mālama i hana ʻia ma mua o nā manawa.
Loaʻa ka hopena o ka hana i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.
Noho ka lāʻau poli ʻulaʻula i nā ʻūhā o nā kumulāʻau, ka mea maʻamau i ka nalo o nā mea lāʻau (Picidae). Kūleʻaka ʻo ia a haʻalele ʻo ia i kāna home home wale nō me ka nele o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻia o kahi pākeke hoʻokahi e uhi i kahi pā e pili ana iā 2 he he.
Hoʻomaʻi pinepine nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole i ka hulu o nā holoholona, no laila e koi ʻia nā mea nona nā pālima fluff e lawe i mau ʻauʻau one i nā manawa he nui. E wehe i nā huaheʻe hoʻonāukiuki, hele pinepine lākou i ka mānoanoa o ka mauʻu. I ka huina holoʻokoʻa, ua lanakila ʻia lākou ma mua o ka 60 mau ʻano o nā fleas a me nā ʻoki.
E piʻi maikaʻi nā pahu poli ʻAmelika ma nā kumulāʻau a lele maʻalahi i ka 3-4 m. I mau minuke i ka pōʻino, hoʻoiho lākou i nā ʻōlelo hōʻala e hoʻomanaʻo mau ai i nā tweets.
ʻO kā lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻehā minks (Neovison vison), nā martens (Martes americana), nā lynx o Kanada (Lynx canadensis), nā goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), nā haki ʻulaʻulaʻula (Buteo jamaicensis) a me nā ʻalāleʻa Virginian (Bubo virginiatus).
Mea ʻai
Kaha ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano, akā hāʻawi ka maikaʻi i nā meaʻai o ka mea kanu. Pīlia loa lākou i nā hua waina, nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā cones, nā ʻōpio, nā ʻōpio liʻiliʻi a me nā hua o nā mea kanu.
Hoʻopili palaha ʻia nā koʻo polisk i nā ʻoki manu, ʻai i nā hua a me nā ʻokiʻoki, hoʻomāliʻi iā lākou iho me nā reptile liʻiliʻi, nā kiole, nā ʻāpana a me nā pepeke. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻano ʻaʻai he nui, me ka make no ke kanaka.
Ke kūʻiʻo nei ka meaʻai i ka manawa o ka makahiki.
I ka wā hāʻule, ua hāleʻe nā hāpau ʻulaʻula piha i ka hoʻoilo. E like me nā lumi mālama, nā hollows kūleʻa, nā poho ma ka ʻili o nā lāʻau nui a me nā ʻāpana lepo e hiki ai i 1 m kahi hohonu. ʻO kekahi o lākou e hoʻopiha mau ʻia me nā huahana no nā makahiki he nui.
ʻAno hānau
Loaʻa ka Puberty i ka makahiki 9-12 o nā mahina. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai i ka wā mua a me ka mea e pili ana i nā kūlana climatic, hoʻomaka mai ka hopena o Pepeluali a ka mua o ʻAukake. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka lepa, kaʻahe nui i hoʻokūkū i nā hua i ka mahina o Iune. I ke kūkulu hema, hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ʻelua mau manawa i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Hoʻolā ʻia ka hana mare i ka hakakā ʻana o ka wahine e ke kāne. ʻO kekahi manawa i luna o nā noi he ʻumikūmālua e holo ma hope o hoʻokahi nani i ka manawa.
Noho nā kāne i hoʻokumu ʻia no kahi manawa pōkole pū. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, pau nā makemake i nā mea makemake a pau a me kekahi hapa.
Noho ʻo ka wahine hāpai ma kahi o 37-40 mau lā. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana i loko o kahi māhō a i lalo lalo paha ka uhi ʻana iā ia me ka mauʻu maloʻo a i ʻole ka lepo. Aiaʻo 4-6 cubs i kahi litter. ʻO nā kapa'āpono i hānau, he kapa ʻole, makapō, kuli a paona i ka nui o nā g 6. He uhi ʻia lākou i ka huluhulu i ka hopena o ka hebedoma ʻelua, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina ka hāmama ʻana ko lākou mau maka.
E loaʻa ka momona o Belchata i ka 2 g i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ua haʻalele mua nā kamaliʻi i ka pili i ʻelua mau makahiki o ka makahiki. I ka wiki ʻehiku o ko lākou makahiki, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻāʻo i ka meaʻai paʻa, a ma hope o hoʻokahi hapalua malama e hoʻopau lākou i ka hānai waiū. ʻO kēlā mau ʻāpana ʻaʻāina ʻiwikiwa piha mau ke kanaka kūʻokoʻa a hele i ka ʻimi ʻana i kā lākou home home ponoʻī.
Kākoʻo ma ke ʻano
Kālaha kēia ʻano ma ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ka manawa pinepine, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i Kanada, United States, e komo pū me i ke kūkulu hema ʻo Alaska. ʻO nā wahi noho aloha like coniferous, deciduous a hui ʻia i nā ulu lāʻau, pinepine i nā holoholona e noho ana i nā wahi pāwi. Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ʻia ka helu o nā ʻulaʻula ulaula.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO nā holoholona ʻulaʻula i nā holoholona diurnal e alakaʻi ana i kahi noho kaʻawale. ʻAʻole lākou i hibernate a ikaika mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka hana nui o nā protein i ke kakahiaka kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. ʻAno hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia kā lākou ʻuʻuku i nā honu manu, a i loko o nā pahū o nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā lau a me nā lala, e hū ana i nā ʻuʻu me ka mauʻu.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo pinepine nā kākena i noho ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻĀina ma waena o nā wahi i lalo ma lalo, e holo ana i ke anuanu.
ʻO nā ʻāpana lawenaʻala o ʻAmelika Huipū ka poʻe lawaiʻa a inā pono, hiki iā ia ke kau ma waena o nā kino wai holoʻokoʻa.
Hiki i ke ola o nā hāmele ʻulaʻula ke hiki i 7-8 mau makahiki. Akā he hapa wale nō e ola ana a hiki i kēia wā (e like me nā kānaka ʻepekema, he 22% wale nō nā lāʻau ʻulaʻula i ola ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi), ʻoiai ka hapanui o nā pū nunui, ke make i mua o ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
Nui nā holoholona a me nā manu e ʻono i nā ʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli ka lynx o Kanada, ka marten ʻAmelika, ka fox hina, ke ʻula ʻulaʻula, ka wolf, ka weasel, ka goshawk, ka pūlū nui, ka pāpale ʻulaʻula, ka uwē Amerika a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hana
ʻO ka papa nui o ka squirrel ʻulaʻula a nā hua o nā cone spruce. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka ʻohi, ua hōʻiliʻili nā holoholona i nā cones i kā lākou panto. Mahalo i kēia mau keola, loaʻa nā kinona i nā nui o nā ponoʻai i loko o ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai. Hoʻohuiʻia kekahi me nā protein e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ko lākou papa me nā hua lāʻau, nā pua, nā hua, nā hua manu a me nā ʻalū. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻano ʻōlima he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea make kino i ke kanaka. Loaʻa nā pū nunui i loaʻa i loko o nā ʻalā o nā kumulāʻau, a i paʻi ʻia i nā hua pua, a kali a hiki i ka maloʻo maloʻo, a laila ʻai ʻia.
Ua kamaʻilio nā poʻomanaʻo e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā poʻokela ʻulaʻula ʻĀmelika ʻAmelika.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea noiʻi inā inā loaʻa kahi palapona i kahi ʻāina mai kahi kāne, e hāʻawi ʻia me ka meaʻai no ka lōʻihi.
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema mai University of Gelf, ka poʻe ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ka mea laki maikaʻi loa e hopu i ka ʻāina o kahi o nā pākeke, ua like ke ʻano o ka ʻōpio ua loaʻa i kahi hoʻoilina nui.
Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi e mālama nui ana nā keʻena kāne i ka meaʻai ma mua o nā wahine, a inā he ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i haʻalele i ka pūnana a loaʻa kahi hale mālama pilikino i ka hui male kāne, e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā cubes e 50 pakeneka.
Wahi a ke kaukaʻi o ka biology integrative Andrew Macadam, ua like ia me ka loaʻa o ka waiwai i loko o nā paia o kahi hale. Hiki i ka mea nona mua o kēlā wahi ke hoʻopilikia nui i kou waiwai, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua squirrel.
I kēia mau lā, kahi hui o nā ʻepekema mai nā ʻāina he nui e hana nei i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā kolikala ʻulaʻula. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou i ke ʻano a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā haneli i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi.
No kēia noiʻi, ua ana nā loea i nā mea ʻai a me nā hualoaʻa o nā ʻōpio'ōpio i hopu i nā waiwai waiwai mua a nā kāne i nalowale.
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, hōʻiliʻili nā kākei kulu cones i loko o ka hāʻule a mālama iā lākou i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻoilo. Loaʻa i kahi waiwai ma mua o 20,000 cones, a hiki iā lākou ke mālama mau no nā makahiki he nui.
ʻO ka noho pinepine ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma hope o ko lākou make ʻana, a ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻāina o kekahi kēku, ua loaʻa pū iā lākou nā lako meaʻai.
Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi inā inā e loaʻa i kahi poliki i kona wahi mai ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine, loaʻa iā ia ka awelika o 1300 cones ma ke kumukūʻai. Mālama ka meaʻai i mālama ʻia i ka squirrel e ola i kahi 17 mau lā.
Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā protein i ka mua o ke ola, mai ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau makahiki, ua ʻoi aku nā pōpoki ma mua o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a i ʻōpio mau makahiki.
Inā mākēkē kekahi wahine kōkō wahine i ka ʻāina a me kā nā kuleana ʻē aʻe o ka wahine, e loaʻa iā ia nā meaʻai nui, a laila e ʻae ʻo ia. ʻO kēia ke kumu e haʻalele koke i kāna keiki a me ka nui o ko lākou ola ʻana. I ka hiʻona, e hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ka hāʻawi genetic o kēia protin e i ka hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻike kēia mau nānā i ka hopena o ka hana o kekahi protein e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka waiwai genetic i ka nui o nā protein ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia a ʻike nui ʻia ka manawa o ke ola.