Aia nō ka manu nui loa ma ka ʻohana falcon. Wahi a kona mau eheu i ka 135 cm. Ma muli o kona mau ʻaoʻao o waho, ua like kona like me ke kuahi peregrine, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona kaikuʻu.
Kāhea ʻia ka manuahi manu manu. Mai ka makahiki 12, ua ʻike ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo ma ka "Word ma Igor's Regiment". I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ia ma nā ʻāpana ʻĀina o Rusia. Ua like nō ia me ka huaʻōlelo Hungarian "kerecheto", "kerechen" a ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia mai ka wā o kona neʻe ʻana i ka pramadyar ma ke kīʻāina o Ugra.
ʻO nā mea nui o nā papa i loaʻa ka paona nui. ʻO ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kāne, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 1.5 kg, a ʻo ke kāne 1 kg. E nānā ana ke kiʻi o kahi manu gyrfalcon, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou he pelakala nani, hikiʻole ke nānā ʻole. E hoahewa ana e ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi manu gyrfalcon, i loko o kona kala kala, loaʻa ke aniani i ke kukui māmā, me nā manawa pōkole.
No ka laʻana, gyrfalcons he brownish-hina i ka waihoʻoluʻu, me nā hulu keʻokeʻo me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele ma o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokele pinepine ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka manu ʻoi manu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā Gyrfalcons i nā polymorphism; i nā manu āpau, he ʻokoʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu o ka plumage.
Aia kekahi hewaʻole o nā kāne palupalu. He mau mele nō ko lākou no nā falcons a pau ma ka mandible. Nā pale i loko o nā gyrfalcons kala melemele. ʻO ka loa ākea o ka manu he 55-60 cm. He nui ko lākou kino, me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi a me ka huelo. Kāhea ʻia kā lākou leo i ka hina.
I ke kiʻi, me ka gyrfalcon ʻeleʻele
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o ka gyrfalcon
E makemake kēia manu i nā wahi anuanu. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha lākou e kāhea ʻia nā manu tundra gyrfalcon. ʻO Arctic a me nā subarctic nā ʻona ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, Asia a me ʻEulopa nā wahi punahele loa no ka gyrfalcons. ʻO Altai, Tien Shan, Greenland a me ke Kaʻāina Commander e waiwai nui i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe o kēia mau manu nani.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo gyrfalcon manu pio makemake i nā wahi hema. Akā loaʻa nā manu ʻehā i waena o lākou. Noho lākou i Greenland, Lapland a me Taimyr. Ma laila lākou e noho ai i ka nahele-tundra, a i ka pā nahele. Eia kekahi, aia kahi neʻe i ka lele.
No ka laʻana, hele aku nā gyrfalcons Central ma loko o ke awāwa alpine. ʻO kēia mau manu ka laha ma ka ʻāina mamao o Lūkini. Ma ke ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina ʻo Magadan a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kamchatka i wae ʻia e lākou no ka mea pili ʻana, a i ka pūnāwai ke hoʻi nei lākou. No kēia mea, ua kapa ʻia nā kānaka i ka puʻu goid gyrfalcon.
ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka gyrfalcon ma kahi o 135 cm.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ola o ka manu gyrfalcon
ʻO kēia mau manu nui i loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana o ka moʻo. ʻAʻole lākou e hopohopo i ko lākou home a ʻaʻole pinepine hopohopo i nā manaʻo o ka kūkulu ego. ʻO nā manawa pinepine loa, nā ners o nā welo, nā ʻaila gula a me nā aeto e lilo i puʻuwai nani no lākou. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau manu ma mua o kahi pālua, no laila e noho mau nā mea āpau a ʻaʻole kū mai nā kūlana hakakā.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ke koho ʻana i home no ka gyrfalcons ʻo ia ka palena a me ka ʻole o kekahi kaiāulu. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana i ka hīmeni makahiki, e hoʻomaka ka manu i kā lākou hana i ka ʻimi ʻana o kā lāua pili, a laila, pū pū me ia, e kū pū me ka hihia o ka hānau ʻana.
I ke kiʻi aia kahi nīnū o kahi gyrfalcon me nā moa
ʻO nā alakaʻi alakaʻi Rocky a he mau puka liʻiliʻi paha nā wahi kūpono loa no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā gyrfalcons. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu a maikaʻi loa ko lākou home. He ʻano maʻalahi, me ka moss ma ka haʻahaʻa, hulu a i ʻole mauʻu maloʻo.
No ka nui o ka manu nui a nui nā ʻuʻu nui. O ke anawa o ka ulana o ka gyrfalcon ma kahi o 1 m, a ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 0.5 m.ʻĀ he mau manawa i noho ai nā hanauna he nui o kēia mau manu i kēlā mau ʻuʻuku. ʻO kekahi kēia nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ke gyrfalcon.
Mai ka wā nui, ua manaʻo ʻia nā gyrfalcons i mea kōkua kōkua akamai i kaʻai. ʻAʻole kēia mea hana, akā like like me ka hana kuʻuna, like me nā pōpō a me nā pāʻina pāʻina. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi gyrfalcon i manaʻo ʻia he lama a he mea maʻamau no ka lehulehu.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcons i kahu kōkua
Me kāna kōkua, ho'āʻo ka mea nona e kū i waena o kekahi. Loaʻa i ka gyrfalcon keʻokeʻo e hāʻawi ʻia i ke koho kūikawā. I mea e loaʻa ai ka ʻōlelo maʻamau i ka wā e kamaʻilio ana a hoʻokō kū kekahi i nā ʻae like, ua lawe ʻia nā gyrfalcons ma makana.
A i ka wā o ke aupuni o tsars ma Rūsia aia nō kahi kūlana - he falconer. ʻO nā wahi i mālama ʻia kēia mau manu ua kapa ʻia ia he krechatny. I kēia mau lā, ke ola hou nei kēia ʻano huluhulu manuahi, akā ke kau nei ʻo ia ma kahi ʻano hālohi. Ua ʻōlelo ka nui o ka mahalo i kēlā me kēia ʻimi manuahi, hoʻi mai ka ʻuhane nui, ke ʻano maoli o ka Lūkini.
ʻO ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi manu gyrfalcon e hōʻike i kona ikaika a me kona mana. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe koʻikoʻi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā ʻano maikaʻi e pono ai i loko o nā mea ola a pau e kū pono ana iā ia iho.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā manu ʻē aʻe a me nā mammals i ka meaʻai o ke gyrfalcon. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ala huluhulu like me nā poʻe āpau āpau. Ke nānā nei lākou i kā lākou mea i luna mai luna, e hina koke i lalo a hoʻopili me ia me nā paʻa lima. Pipi koke akula lākou i kā lākou pio i kēia manawa, no ka mea ua kuʻi lākou i ko lākou poʻo me kahi kuʻekuʻe a e haki ana i kona ʻāʻī. ʻAi lākou i nā manu i ka lewa. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke launa me lākou i ka lewa, hāʻule lākou i ka lepo a hoʻopau i ka hana a lākou i hoʻomaka ai.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, makemake nā gyrfalcons i nā manawaleʻa, nā mea hana, nā gull a me nā mea aloha manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻōlapa, nā mea ʻimi, nā gophers, e hoʻopau koke ʻia e nā gyrfalcons, i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ko lākou mau maka. Aia kekahi manawa i ka huki ʻole ʻana o kēia mau manu. He kupaianaha kēia, akā hana ia.
Hānau a lōʻihi ke lōʻihi
Loaʻa nā Gyrfalcons i kahi pālua a no ke ola kekahi. ʻAʻole hopohopo nā wahine i ke kūkulu i kahi pūnana penikala. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua koho ʻia kahi alakaʻi o ka pōhaku, a ua kau ʻia ka pūnaka ma luna o ka mauʻu, ka pupū a me nā hulu manu.
ʻO kekahi manawa, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waʻa hale e hoʻohana i nā nests. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma kahi pākaukau no kekahi mau makahiki. No kēlā mau makahiki e loaʻa iā ia kahi hiʻohiʻona ikaika loa a hoʻonui i ka nui. I ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, hiki i nā gyrfalcons ke hoʻohālikelike.
I ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻokele lākou e waiho i ka 1 a 5 mau huaʻai. ʻAʻohe o lākou ma mua o kahi pahu pīpī a paona paha e pili ana i ka 60 grama. ʻO nā wahine wale nō ke honi i nā hua. Loaʻa i ke kāne ʻo ia i kēia manawa nā mea mālama a pau. ʻElua mau malama ma hope aku, ua haʻalele nā moa i kā lākou keiki makua, a ma hope o ʻehā ua lilo lākou i kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā kiʻi paʻi o nā moa o ka gyrfalcon i loko o ka pūnana
Noho ke Gyrfalcons i ke kūlohelohe no kahi o 20 mau makahiki. E kūʻai mai i kahi manu gyrfalcon ʻaʻole maʻalahi loa. I kēia manawa, he keu a waiwai maoli kahi waiwai. ʻO ke kūʻai aku a kūʻai aku ʻia e manaʻo ʻia he hewa kala moku a hoʻopaʻi ʻia ma lalo o nā loina a pau o nā kānāwai. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o nā manu gyrfalcon hoʻomaka mai ka 500 tausani kālā.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka nui loa o nā falcons. ʻO nā ʻēheu he 120-135 cm ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 55-60 cm. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne, ʻoi aku kona paona i 2 kg, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka kāne ma mua o 1 kg. Nui ka nui ka kino, he mau hulu ka lālani 2/3 o ka lōʻihi, lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi nā ʻēheu, lōʻihi ka ʻili.
Ke kukui o ka siberian gyrfalcon he māmā (ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka Lapland gyrfalcon), akā he ʻano: mai ka brownish-hina i ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ma luna, ʻonanui ka ʻaoʻao ventral me ke ʻano ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kaula keʻokeʻo ma ka waha i ʻokiʻoki ("mustache") aneane ʻike ʻole. Ma ka beak, e like me nā papa āpau, kahi niho niho. ʻUni nā pala. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka holo ʻana i ka lele ma hope o kekahi mau pupu ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka manu. Noho ʻia ka gyrfalcon maʻa mau.
He like nō ka gyrfalcon me kahi falcon peregrine, akā ʻoi aku ka nui a ua loaʻa kekahi huelo lōʻihi. Ua like pū ka leo me ka leo o kahi falcon, akā he ʻoi, a ma lalo: hojse "kyak-kyak-kyak" a lōʻihi "kek-kek-kek". I ka pūnāwai hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi ʻilahi kūlohelohe a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. ʻO nā subspecies mauna hema - nā Altai gyrfalcon, kahi nui i ʻike ʻia e nā loea i nā subspecies a i ʻole morph o ke Saker Falcon - i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa.
Kālā
ʻO nā ʻāpana Arctic a me nā subarctic o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi pāʻālua hoʻokaʻawale kahi i loaʻa i Altai, Sayan, ke kikowaena (paha hikina) Tien Shan. Aia ka pae ʻākau loa ma Greenland ma 82 ° 15 's. w lu. a me 83 ° 45 ', ka ʻaoʻao hema, koe wale nō nā subspecies mauna-ʻAkia - waena o Scandinavia, nā Commander Islands (Bering Island, he 55 ° N). I ke kau anuanu, hiki i kahi o 60 ° C. w lu. i loko. ʻAmelika, ʻAsia, ʻEulopa, kēlā me kēia hema.
Ke kaupalena nei i nā mea kumu
E pau nā Gyrfalcons mai ka puʻe ʻana, a i ka ʻĀkau nui hoʻi i nā pahele, no ka lawaiʻa a hiki i ka lawaiʻa o Arctic: i nā mākaʻi ʻo Taimyr no nā alopalopika mea paʻa a paʻa, ma nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā ʻōpala. Inā ʻaʻole lākou e lako me nā pale o ke kaʻaka, ʻo nā gyrfalcons e hele i ka tundra i ka hāʻule, e hoʻohana iā lākou no ka hoʻouka ʻana, hāʻule i loko o kahi mau a i make. ʻElua mau mea mālama manu ma Western Taimyr me ka huina o 2000 km² ma Nowemapa-December 1980-1981. ʻO 12 mau papa i make i nā pahele arctic.
He huhū Gyrfalcon
I nā makahiki Middle, ua manaʻo nui ʻia nā gyrfalcons he mau manu hahai manu ma ka falconry (see Falcons) a me kahi moku kūikawā no ka gyrfalcons i hoʻouna ʻia e ke aupuni iā Denmark i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai Denmark.
Hoʻomaka ka gyrfalcons i nā manu hānai holoholona, mahele i keʻokeʻo K. (ʻO Falco candicans, groenlandicus) - ʻo ka maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa, ʻo Icelandic K. (F. Islandicus), ʻolua a i ʻole ("hina") K. (F. hyrfalco) a me ʻulaʻula. (F. sacer) - mahalo nui ʻia i nā ʻāina o ka Middle East, a i loko o nā kenekulia i hala aku hoʻi ma Farani, ʻEnelani a me ke kaʻa o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, no lākou ka minima i loko o ke kai a Arkhangelsk. a ma Siberia. No nā manu manu manu manu hautfal (haut-vol) a i hoʻoluliluli ʻia - e kīpī ana lākou mai luna mai, a ʻo ka hopu ʻana iā ia me nā puʻupuʻu a lawe wale aku me ia me nā mea ikaika o ka hopena. ʻaʻole kumu i koho ʻia i nā lā 3895 ]. No kēia mau pahuhopu, ulu nā falcons i nā kahu hānai kūikawā, ma Rūsia e loaʻa ana nā mea kanu i ka waihona ʻo Galichya Gora.
Poahu
Ke kiʻi nei i kēia manu, e hoʻouna ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, he mea kaulana ia ma Rūsia, he $ 30,000 ke kumukūʻai o ka manu hoʻokahi he $ 30,000 i nā kālepa haole. Hāʻawi ʻia ka Criminal Code o ka Russian Federation (Art. 258.1) a he 4 mau makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao no ka hopu ʻana a kūʻai aku i nā gyrfalcons a me nā manu manu Red Red, a me nā uku uku hoʻomalu.
Kāleka
ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka gyrfalcon he 120-135 cm me ka loa o ke kino lōʻihi o 55-60 cm. Ua nui a nui ka nui o ka wahine a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o 1000 g, ʻo nā wahine paha he 1500–2000 g. kākoʻo ʻia nā iwi ma waena o ka wāwae a me nā manamana lima ma ka 2/3 o ka lōʻihi, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.
Heʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ke kala o gyrfalcons, no laila ua hōʻike ʻia ka polymorphism. ʻO ka plumage ka mānoanoa, pockmarked, i ke kala hiki ke hina, brown, kala, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele maʻamau ka ʻeleʻele o ka wahine. ʻEleʻele ka subspecies hema. Loaʻa pinepine nā males i ka plumage brown brown, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpū o ke keʻokeʻo me nā ʻano o nā wahi a me nā pākaha. ʻO ke kaula keʻokeʻo i ka pūlima o ka waha ("mustache") i loko o ka gyrfalcon ua hōʻike palupalu ʻia. Ke keʻokeʻo a me nā pāpālina keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele mau nā maka i kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi. Ma ke ākea, ʻoi aku ka hapa o ka piko ma nā manu ʻoi aku ka keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ka lalo, a ʻeleʻele ka pōkā ʻōpio a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻōpiopio ma luna. ʻĀnō ka wāwae o ka manu.
He hoihoi! Loaʻa iā Gyrfalcon kahi kala hope loa ma ka 4-5 mau makahiki.
Ua wikiwiki ka holo ʻana, ma hope o kekahi mau kuʻi ʻana i ka gyrfalcon wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki a holo koke i ka lele. Ke ʻimi nei i kahi mea i ka pōpilikia a i ka huki ʻana mai luna aʻe, hiki iā ia ke hele i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka hapa haneli mau kekona. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona: ʻaʻole ala i ka ʻāʻī o ke ʻano, akā kū aʻe. Kele ka hele ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopu ʻana iā ia e hoʻolālā i nā huakaʻi a me ke lele ʻana, kahi noho maʻamau a noho pololei hoʻi ma luna o nā wahi i hoʻoneʻe ʻia o ka ʻōpala. He haʻalulu ka leo.
Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i ke ola maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā i ka lā. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka mea make ma ka lōʻihi ma kahi mamao loa: ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka kilomita. Ke nalo nei, kuʻu ʻo ia iā ia me kahi pōhaku mai luna, e lālau iā ia a me kona mau puʻupuʻu a kāʻei i kona ʻāʻī. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pepehi ʻeha i ka ʻai i ka lewa, kuʻi ka gyrfalcon me ia i ka lepo, kahi i pau ai. He māmālua gyrfalcons, ma waho o ka manawa hana, loaʻa kēlā me kēia me ka nui o lākou, akā, i neʻe ʻole ʻole ai ko lākou male.
No ka ulana ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā kahakai moana a me nā mokupuni, nā kahawai a me nā awāwa mauʻu me nā pali, nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ulana ʻāina, nā mauna puʻu i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1300 m ma luna aʻe o ke kai. ʻO nā leʻaleʻa i nā wahi paʻakikī e hoʻokuʻi nui, pale i nā kānaka. ʻO ke kumu nui o ke koho noho ʻana i ka loaʻa o ka nui a me ka nui o ka meaʻai. Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ke kanaka i nā hiʻohiʻona holoholona hānai manu i ka wā hopu. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea nui loa ka gyrfalcon keokeo. He hōʻailona ʻo ia o ka hanohano a me ka mana, ʻoi loa i nā ʻāina hema, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka poʻe e loaʻa i ia mau manu. I kēia lā ua kūpilikia nui loa ʻo ia mai nā poimana.
Ehia ka ola gyrfalcon?
Mai ka wā e lilo ai i elima, e like me nā haʻawina ornithological, a i ka make kūlohelohe, hiki i kēia mea hulu manu ke ola a hiki i 20 mau makahiki. Hiki ke pōkole ke ola o nā gyrfalcons pio, ʻoiai inā ua lawe ʻia ka manu i ka wā ʻelemakule. ʻAʻole i like i ke kaʻina hana o ke kime gyrfalcon ma ke aloha kūikawā. Ma ka pio, ʻaʻole i hoka nā gyrfalcons, no ka mea ʻaʻole i ka ʻike maoli lākou i nā kūlana kūpono no lākou iho, no laila, i ka pau ʻana o ka make ʻana o ka manu, loaʻa hou ka mea lawaiʻa i kahi hou, ka waiho ʻana i ka mauʻu, a ua hoʻomaka mua ia.
Habitat, kahi no ka gyrfalcon
Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo me kēia manu e hoʻopili ana i kahi wahi punahele. Lele kekahi mau ʻano, ʻaʻole naʻe e pono e hele kekahi, a noho lākou i ka nahele-tundra a me ka nahele lāʻau.
Hāʻawi ʻia ma nā mokulele subarctic a me arctic o Asia, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Noho nō kekahi holoholona ma Altai a me Tien Shan. ʻO nā kihi ʻākau loa i kahi o ke ʻano o ke gyrfalcon i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo Greenland i ka 82 ° 15 ′ s. w lu. a he 83 ° 45 ′, ka hapa nui loa, ke kaawale ʻole o nā subspecies mauna ʻAkia - waena o Scandinavia, ʻo Bering Island, he 55 ° c. w lu. Hiki iā ia ke neʻe iki iki mai nā wahi alpine i ke awāwa.
Kui ʻia kēia mau manu ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao o Lūkia.. ^ E Ha yM. No ka loaʻa ʻana, koho lākou i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Kamchatka a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina Magadan, a ma ka pūnāwai ua hoʻi lākou. No kēia mea, ʻo Gyrfalcon ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "goose host". ʻO nā pou nānā nānā i ke gyrfalcon he mau papa pali i hāʻawi i kahi ʻike maikaʻi o ke kākana. Ma ke kahakai komohana o ka moku Scandinavian, noho ʻo gyrfalcon ma luna o nā pōhaku me nā koloni o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Hiki iā ia ke lele mamao i ka moana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio ma waena o ka hau. ʻO ka maʻamau, lele nā manu ʻōpio a ʻelua a lele paha i ka hema e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa nā gyrfalcons ma ke kahakai, i nā ʻōneke a me nā wahi i ka mahiʻai, a i ka pūnāwai ua hoʻi lākou i ka ʻākau. Heleʻe ka poʻe gyrfalcons i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, Greenland kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilo ma Iceland, a i kekahi manawa hele a hiki i ke kūkulu hema.
He meaʻaiʻaiʻai Gyrfalcon
ʻO Gyrfalcon kahi mea kahalaha, a hopu i ka nui i nā holoholona hoʻāla ʻia: nā manu, nā rodents, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. He lawaiʻa loea kēia, a me ke kānāwai, ʻaʻohe mea e ola no ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO ke ala huluhala no ke gyrfalcon ua like like me nā falcon ʻē aʻe. Kākoʻo ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu, lele koke ʻo ia i ka mea i make mai luna, kau a lalo i kāna mau ʻaka a hopu koke i kona ola.
I kēlā me kēia lā, ʻai ka gyrfalcon i kahi 200 g o ka ʻai. ʻO kāna wahi punahele punahele ʻo nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo a me nā tundra. Hiahele ʻo ia i nā kuikena, gulls, skuas, waders, ducks, a me nā ʻalesi. Hāʻawi kekahi i nā ʻānela iā ia - nā polar, a me ka ʻōpala, a me ka ulu lāʻau. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka gyrfalcon e ʻahaʻaina i ka hare, ka lemming, kahi gopher, a vole.
He hoihoi! ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka kānāwai paʻa ʻole i ka gyrfalcon i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā manu ma kahi o kona hale, ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka wahi a me ka wahi i lawena no kēlā me kēia pālua o gyrfalcons e mālama ʻia a pale ʻia mai nā aliʻi-hoʻokūkū uninvited.
I kekahi manawa lilo i ka iʻa, i kekahi manawa amphibians. Maʻalahi loa, i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i ka ʻalani.Lawe ʻo Gyrfalcon i ka mea pio iā ia iho, ʻalupili iā ia, waimaka ia mea ma kahi kokoke i ka nalo a ʻai hoʻi iā ia, a me nā koina e pau ʻole - nā unahi, nā iwi a me nā hulu liʻiliʻi. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonohonoho i kahi canteen ma kāna pūnana. Aia ke aliʻi maemae. A ʻo ka mea lawe pio i lawe ʻia, nā ʻili wahine a me nā waimaka hoʻi i waho i ka nalo.
Pahu a keiki
ʻO ke kaanawa o ka pale manuahi o ka gyrfalcon ma kahi o hoʻokahi pālua ma kahi o 100 km 2. Ke ulu maikaʻi nei ʻo Gyrfalcon ma o ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola a ma kēia manawa aia ke loaʻa kahi hoa. Manu Monogamous. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui e like me ke ola, a hiki i ka make o kekahi o nā hoa.
Makemake ke kāne i ke kuapo ʻana i kā lākou nāhelehele ponoʻī, akā e noho i ke kūkulu ʻia e ka buzzard, aila a i nā manu a me nā ʻūhū ma luna ona. A i hoʻonohonoho paha i kahi pūnana ma waena o nā pōhaku, ma kahi ākea, ma waena o nā pōhaku, e waiho ana i ka mauʻu, ka hulu a me ka moss ma laila. Koho ʻia nā wahi i hoʻemi ʻole ʻia ma lalo o 9 mau mika mai ka lepo aku.
Hiki i nā nests o nā gyrfalcons ke piʻi i hoʻokahi mita a i hoʻokahi hapalua paha hohonu. E makemake paha ʻo Gyrfalcons i ka wahi i kūkulu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia a ʻike ʻia nā hihia i ka hopena o nā hua o nā hanauna he nui o ka gyrfalcons ma ka pūnana. ʻO Pepeluali a me Malaki, e hoʻomaka ana nā pahu pā i ka gyrfalcons, a ma ʻApelila ʻoi aku ka waiho ʻana o ka wahine i nā hua - hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu. Liʻiliʻi nā hua, aneane like ka nui o ka moa, pāpaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia 60 g. Ma ka pipi ua loaʻa i kahi o 7 mau hua o ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā wahi rusty.
Nui! Ma kahi o ka nui o nā hua i waiho ʻia, he 2-3 wale nō o nā moa ikaika loa.
Hoʻokomo wale ka wahine i nā hua manu, ʻo ke kāne i kēia manawa hopu a lawe i kāna meaʻai. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka wailana hatching he 35 lā. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻoki, uhi ʻia i loko o ka beige, keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hina paha ka pua hina. I ka wā e liʻiliʻi a hoʻolōʻihi nā hua, hoʻomaka ka wahine e ʻimi no nā keiki, waiho lākou no ka manawa pōkole. Lawe ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne i ka mea i hoʻomake i ka pūnana, ʻuwē me ia a hānai i nā ʻoki keiki.
He manu koa wiwo ole ʻo Gyrfalcon; ʻaʻole e haʻalele ia i ka nalo, ʻoiai inā hele aku kahi mea preditorio nui iā ia, akā e hoʻouka kaua i ka mea hoʻonāukiuki, pale i nā keiki. Ke loli ka hānai ʻana o nā pēpē i nā moa i ka waʻa maʻamau, hoʻomaka ka makua e aʻo iā lākou e lele a holo. Ua pili kēia ma kahi o 7-8 mau pule o ke ola o nā moa. Ma ka mahina 4 - ʻo ia ka mea waena a me ka hopena o ke kauwela - ke kamaʻilio me nā mākua e palupalu a hoʻonani, a hoʻomaka nā manu ʻōpio i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka inaina me kahi ʻaeto gula gula. ʻAe ke koena o ka manu iā ia a, i ka wehewehe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ana aku i ko lākou ikaika e ʻoiai, ʻaʻole ka wiwo e hōʻole iā ia. A he aha kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i nā manu inā ua hoʻohana ʻia nā gyrfalcons no ka hopu manu ʻana i nā kuʻi a me nā kuʻi.
Hoʻopilikia houʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka gyrfalcon e ke kanaka. I nā makahiki āpau, ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe e hopu i kahi ʻāpana manu manu i hiki ke hāpai i kahi kōkua kipa manu nona. Ma ke kaʻina hana, nui nā gyrfalcons, ʻoiai ʻōpio a me nā pākeke, a ʻo nā wahine hoʻi i ka pūnana, waiho ʻia me ka mea ʻole i kālai manu a hiki ʻole ke waiho i kahi hua no ka mau minuke, ua make.
Loaʻa a me ke kūlana
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā tausani o nā gyrfalcons e noho i ka palena o Russia. He hōʻemi haʻahaʻa kēia. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i wehewehe ʻia e ka hana a nā poimana. Hiki i hoʻokahi manu ke kūʻai aku i 30 tausani kālā, a nui nā mea pīhoihoi falconry ma waho aʻe: ua kaulana mau ia ma ka Hikina a aia hou i ka hana i ke Komohana.
Nui! Nui nā gyrfalcons e make i ka ulia pōhole i nā mākeke i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka waiwai pio ʻehā - hares, nā ʻalopelo arctic, na ʻalopaka.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻomāliuli i kahi manu kūlima ikaika me nā lima inept i hoʻopau pinepine iā ia mai nā maʻi he palekana i nā kānaka, akā no kēia ka gyrfalcon ʻaʻohe ʻano kūlohelohe maoli - ʻoiai ma ke ʻano maoli kēia mau mea ʻōlima manuahi i pili ʻole ai.
Mai ka wā kahiko, hiki i nā sultans a me nā aliʻi ke loaʻa i kēlā mau manu. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ke kāʻei i ka gyrfalcon i ko kākou manawa, akā ʻike ka manu i ke kanaka me kāna mea nona ka manuahi manuahi. Eia nō naʻe he mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka gyrfalcon ma ke ʻano, ʻaʻole hoʻi e lawelawe i ka leʻaleʻa o ke kanaka.
Leo leo Gyrfalcon
ʻO ke kani o ka manu gyrfalcon ua like me ka leo o ka paele peregrine, akā haʻahaʻa ia a he coarser. ʻO nā leo e hana ʻia e kēia manu e lohe ʻia e kekahi kanaka na ke ʻano "kyak-kyak" a i ʻole "kek-kek" ke kau. Ke nānā nei i nā kiʻi a me nā wikiō me ka gyrfalcon, hoʻomaka mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka pūnāwai ua kau aku kēia mau manu i kahi mea kū mālie a kiʻekiʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Gyrfalcon i ke ala o ke ola a me nā hiʻona wale i ka lā. ʻAʻole ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea make, ʻo ka mea lōʻihi loa ma kahi mamao. I ka wā o ka hopuʻana, hānai nā manu hulu mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopili i kona mau kiko a me ka ʻāʻī i ka ʻāʻī o kāna kanaka. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole e pepehi i ka mea ʻeha i ka lewa, a laila hui ka gyrfalcon me ia i ka lepo, ma kahi e pau ai ka ʻoki. Hoʻomaka i nā mea gyrfalcons, ma waho o ka manawa hana, e kiʻi i kēlā me kēia, akā ʻo ka neʻe ʻole ʻana o ka wahine.
ʻO kēia mau manu nui i loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana o ka moʻo. ʻAʻole lākou e hopohopo no kā lākou pūnana pono a ʻaʻole pinepine pinepine e hopohopo me nā manaʻo e pili ana i kāna kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka pinepine, nā nests o nā manu hihiu, nā aeto a me nā aila gula i lilo i puʻuhonua maikaʻi loa no nā gyrfalcons. He keu aku ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau manu, a no laila e maona nā kānaka a ʻaʻohe hanana nā hakakā ma waena o lāua.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnana no kahi gyrfalcon ʻo kona kaawale a me ka nele o nā hoalauna. Mai ka makahiki o ke ola, hoʻomaka kēia mau manu e ʻimi i kahi hoa kāne, a no laila e puʻupuʻu pū me ia.
Ma muli o kāna ʻano nui o kēia ʻano manu i loko ona, nui nō hoʻi kona mau ʻuhane. O ka lapalapa o ka nano e hiki ke pili i 1 mika, a o kona kiekie he 0,5 mika. Hana ia i ka wā e noho ai nā hanauna he mau gyrfalcons i kēia mau nests.
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua waiwai ʻo gyrfalcon i mea kōkua ma ke ʻano he kōkua akamai. ʻAʻole kēia hana hoʻowalewale, akā ua manaʻo hou ʻia he hana ia, e like me nā pōpō a me kahi pāʻina pāʻina. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi gyrfalcon ma loko o kou home a laila ua nani a me waho.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o gyrfalcon
- Kūkulu ka gyrfalcon Norwegian ma Lapland, ma nā kahakai o ke Keʻena Keokeo a ma Scandinavia. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka gyrfalcon ka manu lele i ʻike ʻia, akā he mea maoli kēia manaʻo hoʻokō. Wahi a ka noho maʻamau, e hoʻonoho ʻia nā manu o kēia ʻano. ʻO nā mea noho o nā ʻāpana o ke kūkulu ʻākau, e like me nā ʻelele o ka mōʻī Norehoʻi, ʻae pinepine e neʻe i ka hema i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka ua anuanu. No ka pilina o kēia hoʻoilo, hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau manu ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka Central Europe, a i kekahi manawa ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻEleka.
- ʻO ka Ural gyrfalcon, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻano o mua, i kahele ʻia i ke komohana o Siberia. I kekahi manawa manawa o ka makahiki, hiki i kēia manu ke neʻe i kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻike hoʻohālike, ʻike ʻia nā gyrfalcons o kēia ʻano ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Altai, ma ka ʻāina Baikal, a hiki i nā Baltic i ʻōlelo. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia mau manu i ka ʻano Norewani i loko o kahi kala māmā o ka plumage me kahi pānaʻi transverse maʻamau maʻamau.
- ʻO gyrfalcon keʻokeʻo i ka Middle Ages i ka manawa o ke kaulana o falconry ka mea waiwai nui i koho ʻia no ka nani. A laila he makana kūpono kēia mau manu a hōʻike ʻia i nā alakaʻi a me nā luna koa i ka manawa o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa politika e hoʻokuʻi ai i ka maluhia, ka ʻike a me ka paʻa. I ka hapa nui, ʻike ʻia nā gyrfalcons ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau a i nā lua anuanu. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ko lākou mau keokeo-keʻokeʻo.
- He manu manu gyrfalcon ka manu i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Siberia. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano Ural i loko wale nō o nā ʻike kikoʻī o ke ʻano, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi lākou i nā hōʻailona mottled ma ke kino. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana nui o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua.
- He ʻano manu ke ʻano o ka manu maʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo Altai gyrfalcon. Loaʻa kēia manu i ka hema ma mua o nā ʻohana. Ma kahi o Altai, loaʻa nā maʻamau gyrfalcons i nā mauna Tien Shan, Tarbagatai a me Sayan. Ua nānā ʻia nā ala o nā ʻaihue ʻana o kēia mau manu i Turkmenistan, Mongolia a me nā ʻāina Siberia. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o kēlā mau manu ma mua o nā hoahānau, a ma laila he 2 mau ʻano: ke kukui a ʻeleʻele.
ʻO Habitat a me kahi noho
Noho ka gyrfalcon ma nā ʻāina anu, a no laila, ʻaʻole lapuwale kēia manu i kapa ʻia ʻo nā tundra hulu.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻāina Arctic a me nā subarctic o nā ʻĀkau ʻAmelika, ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa nā wahi punahele loa no gyrfalcons.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo e like me ke gyrfalcon ma nā ʻaoʻao hema.
I waena o nā gyrfalcons aia kekahi mau manu sedentary. Noho lākou i ka hapanui o Lapland, Greenland a me Taimyr. Kahi lākou ma laila ma ka ulu lāʻau-tundra, a me ka nahele. Eia kekahi, aia kahi neʻe i ka lele.
He mau hiʻohiʻona meaʻai gyrfalcon
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā manu ʻē aʻe a me nā mammals i ka meaʻai a me ka meaʻai o ka gyrfalcon. ʻO kā lākou ʻano hulala he like nō ia me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana falcon. ʻIke lākou i kā lākou mea make mai luna mai, hāʻule koke lākou a hoʻopili me ia me nā pā lima pono loa. Pepehi koke lākou iā lākou i kā lākou mea i hopu ai, a no kēia manu ua ʻōlima i kona poʻo me kāna pū a me ka pohā i kona ʻāʻī. ʻAi lākou i ka manu ma ka lewa. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mea ke hana i ka lewa, a laila iho ke iho ke gyrfalcon i ka lepo a hoʻopau i nā hana i hoʻomaka.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea a ka gyrfalcon e ʻai ai, he mea kūpono hoʻi e ʻike nei kēia manu aloha i nā partridges, ʻekena a me nā mea gull. ʻO nā Hares, nā voles a me nā puʻu lepo, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia e nā manu like, i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ko lākou māla lau. Hōʻike ʻia ia i ka wā i hoʻowahāwahā ʻole ʻia nā manu. Akā e loaʻa pinepine ai kēlā.
HE MEA KUKAI
ʻO nā keʻokeʻo punahele o kahi gyrfalcon he keʻokeʻo a me nā partridges tundra. I ke kahakai, kāʻili ʻo ia i ka gulls, waders, geese, eels and ducks. Kau ka manu no ke kakali no ka waiwai, noho ma luna o ka pali a i ʻole i ka lāʻau. Ke ʻike nei i ka mea pio, ke haki nei ke gyrfalcon a lele aku iā ia.
He manu paʻakikī ʻo Gyrfalcon hiki i kahi kaʻahele ke piʻi aku i hoʻokahi kilomita ma kahi. E hoʻāʻo nā ʻūhā, nā ʻukala a me nā skuas i pakele i ka gyrfalcon, e piʻi aʻe ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Huli pinepine ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcons i nā wāwae, e hoʻohuli i ka hana o nā mea lanakila. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā i lilo ai nā manu huki i nā liʻiliʻi, ke hū nā pulu o gyrfalcons ma o nā pua, me ka manaʻo e hānai i ka partridge mai loko aku. Lawe ʻia ka gyrfalcon i ka mea i hopu ʻia i ka pūnana a i ʻole ka mea nānā ponoʻī, kahi i wāwahi ai ia i nā ʻāpana a ʻai ʻana. Nā hale noho, e like me nā hulu a me nā iwi ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōpū ke hanu, ʻūpili.
ʻO Gyrfalcons e noho ana i loko o ka tundra ka mea i hopu ʻia i nā lemmings, nā kākāū o ke kahua a me nā ʻula keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ʻaumia a me nā iʻa i ka wā pōloli. I nā makahiki me ka hapa helu o nā kūmole, ʻaʻole manu kēia mau manu, no laila i like i nā makahiki like ʻole ka nui o nā gyrfalcons.
MEA LOA
Noho ʻo Gyrfalcon ma nā wahi mauna mauna Arctic kokoke i ka Arctic Circle. Loaʻa nō hoʻi ia ma ke kaʻe mākaukau o ke anuanu - i nā tundra a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka ulu lāʻau coniferous.
ʻO nā pou nānā nānā i ke gyrfalcon i hāpai ʻia i nā pali i hāʻawi ʻia i ka manu i kahi maikaʻi o nā wahi. Ma ke kahakai komohana o ka moku Scandinavian, noho ʻo gyrfalcon ma luna o nā pōhaku me nā koloni o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Noho ʻaʻe gyrfalcons o ʻEulopa i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka maʻamau ke hele i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua mau makahiki i ke kūkulu hema i ka ʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa nā gyrfalcons ma ke kapakai, i nā ʻōpala a i nā wahi mahiʻai, a ma ka pūnāwai ua hoʻi lākou i ka ʻākau. ʻO ka wā hoʻoilo a Greenland gyrfalcons i ka hoʻoilo ma Iceland, a ke lele mau nei i ka hema. ʻO ke kaanawa o ka pale manuahi o ka gyrfalcon ma kahi o hoʻokahi pālua ma kahi o 100 km 2.
Hoʻopōla
I Ianuali-Pepeluali, hoʻomaka nā gyrfalcons kāne e hōʻike i ka hakakā mau ʻole i ka poʻe hoʻokūkū. ʻO nā luuli i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema hema e hoʻi ai lākou i ko lākou mau wahi kanu i Pepeluali a Malaki paha. Hōʻulu ka manu i nā pakanikani a lele i kahi lewa hoʻāi a kiʻekiʻe i ka lewa, kahi pōhaku e hāʻule ai i kahi i koho ʻia no ka hano. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua ma kahi pali hiki ʻole i ke alo o kahi pōhaku a i ʻole kekahi mau pōhaku. I kekahi manawa ʻo ka gyrfalcons pūnana ma nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, e noho ana i nā nalo hilahila. I ka lā ʻApelila, e waiho ka wahine i kahi hua hoʻokahi i kēlā mau lā ʻekolu, a laila hoʻohui lākou i ka ʻeke, a lawe mai ke kāne i kāna mea ʻai. Mālama ka makuahine i nā pipi i uhi ʻia i ka fluff beige mai ke anu, aʻo ka makua ka hānai. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka moa, hoʻomaka nā kāne a me ka wahine e lele i waho e ʻimi i ka ʻai. Lawe kēia mau ʻōlulu i ka waiwai i ka nahele, ʻokiʻoki i loko o ia mau mea a hāʻawi aku i nā moa. ʻOiai ke kūpono o ka wahine i kekahi manawa a ʻelima mau hua, he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha paha o nā moa ikaika loa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ua lilo lākou i mahina a me ka hapa.
HE HOOLAHA HOOLAHA
ʻO ka puke hao nui loa. ʻO ka nui o ka wahine a hiki i ka 2 kg, ʻo nā eheu he 135 cm. Noho lākou a kau i luna o nā kahakai, i loko o ka tundra a me ka nahele-tundra. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā nests ma nā hewa o nā pōhaku, ma nā nika o nā ana, i noho pinepine ʻia e nā malihini - he mau buzzards, nā manu hū. E hoʻopaʻa i nā hua he 3-4 e hoʻoili ʻia ka wahine. Kūleʻa nui nā chicks a ma hope o nā mahina 1,5 e hiki iā lākou ke lele. Mālama ka Gyrfalcons i nā huaʻai a me nā mea hānai me nā lemmings, hares a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ke kanaka i nā hiʻohiʻona holoholona hānai manu i ka wā hopu.
I ka lā o Kievan Rus a me ka moku'āina o Moscow, ʻo nā gyrfalcons ka waiwai nui loa o ka ʻāina Lūkia, ʻaʻole wale nā aliʻi a me nā sultans ke loaʻa i nā gyrfalcons keʻokeʻo. I kēia manawa hoʻi, ma ke kahakai ʻo Gagauzia, ka ʻūlī me ka ʻūlū manu e ʻimi ʻia nei, a ma ʻĀsia ʻAmelika ʻimi lākou i kahi ʻai nui me ka ʻaeto gula. Akā mau nō ka manawa o ka falconry, ke aloha nui nei ka poʻe gyrfalcons, e like me nā leʻaleʻa keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo.
KUPONO NA INOA HUI, KAHAKUI.
- Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻo Gyrfalcons e hopu i nā pūlala a me nā hana - nā manu ʻaʻole ia i ʻimi i ka hana.
- Ma muli o ka lohi ʻana o nā ʻēheu i loaʻa ka gyrfalcon i ka palupalu ma mua o ka burcon peregrine, akā me ka holo puʻupuʻu e ulu wikiwiki ana ia.
- Mahalo nui ʻo Sokolniki i ka nani o nā hauʻoniʻoni hau-keʻokeʻo mai ke kahakai ʻo Greenland. No nā makahiki he nui, ua ʻoluʻolu kēia mau manu i nā mea kūlohelohe, nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā mele. Ua ʻike ʻia ua kūʻai aku ke Duke o Burgundy i kāna keiki mai ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana no Turkey no 12 gyrfalcons keʻokeʻo.
- Hiki i kahi ʻāpana ke kala ʻokoʻa. Ma kahi pākahi, loaʻa nā ʻeleʻele hina ma hope o ka nui.
- ʻIke ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcon he manu hopu manu.
KA OHANA KANAO MAKAU ANA O KA MEA ANA
Beak: ma ka welau o ka hapalua o ka beak aia ka niho niho, kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻelele āpau o nā ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu like ʻole manu a nā manu paha.
Lūlā: mai kahi ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo (ʻĀpana a me Chukotka) a i ka taupe a hina wale paha (Scandinavian Peninsula). Ma ka umauma - lancoret pattern.
Laʻi: i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hulu manuahi lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Lipi: lōʻihi, wikiwiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka neʻe o nā ʻēheu e lohi a nāwaliwali. Huli ka lele ana ke lele a lele ana.
- Habitat o ke gyrfalcon
MEA LOA
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcon ma nā ʻāina mokupuni o Islande, ʻUnelani, Suetena, Finlandia, Greenland, Canada, Alaska a me Siberia.
KAUPUNI A ME KA PONO
ʻAʻole hiki ke hiki ke kikoʻī kūpono i ka helu o nā manu o kēia ʻano ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o kāna mau home. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lehulehu ma mua o ka mea i noʻonoʻo ʻia. ʻO loko wale nō ma ʻEulopa ʻĀina mai 600 a 1000 mau pūʻulu o ka nūnū gyrfalcons.
Kālā pūnaewele hou. Wikiō (00:04:11)
I ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻOkakopa, puka i kahi falcon i ka mālama mālama. I nā manaʻo mua - gyrfalcon! ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hihiu, akā, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka mea hahai holoholona (me ka huakaʻi hele ʻole, ʻaʻole i lele i ka makemake). I ka wā e hoʻokele ai mākou i kahi nānā kokoke aku, ua hoʻoholo mākou - e like me kahi hāmeʻa! Akā e lele. Ua hele wāwae wau me kaʻu hybrid i kekahi mau manawa - kahi i manaʻo ai iaʻu he maikaʻi i ka mokulele - he kauoha wale nō ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ke piʻi aku i luna, mai ka helu, e waiho ana iā ia i 100 mau mika, ua like ka kohu me kahi mea hakakā liʻiliʻi! Hoʻoholo wau e hopu (ʻike lākou i ke apo me nā mea ʻai kīnopili), no ka makemake. Malaila i! ʻAʻole wau i hiamoe no hoʻokahi mahina, ua hoʻāʻo wau i ka āpau āpau - hrenushki! ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke kau mau nei ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻupena paʻa (ma ke ʻaka) a haki ʻo ia a keu - ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole. Ma nā manu, ma ka ʻānela, ma kahi hānai ʻai, nā kiʻi a me nā mea nui. Nā kiʻi! He mea pono iaʻu e noi i ka hana hope loa! - ii: Galichya Gora
ʻO Gyrfalcon a me ke kekeke i kēia wā i ka hoʻoilo. Wikiō (00:02:23)
ʻO Gyrfalcon ka falcon nui loa, ka manu ʻānai a kaulana loa hoʻi, i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka wā kahiko ma falconry.ʻO kāna kaiāulu nui, he mau ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻāwīwī, nā ʻāpana panina keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ke pili pū nā palena o ko lākou wahi noho. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka neʻe kūkulu a me ka sub-taiga, loaʻa nā hālāwai me ke gyrfalcon wale nō i ka manawa e hele nei a hele mai paha, i kahi e ʻike ʻia ai, Ua ʻike mākou iā ia ma ke kihi o ke kula, kahi e nānā nui ai nā falcon i nā ʻeke ʻeleʻele e holo ana i ka ʻōpū. No Nowemapa, ʻo ka holo ʻana o nā manu me kēlā me kēia a me ka helu e like me kahi mai ka hanana maʻamau. I kēia, ke nānā aku nei i nā wikiō, paʻakikī wau e ʻōlelo i ka mea o kēia mau hālāwai ua huli i mea nui a hoʻomanaʻo ʻole.
Aia i hea kona hale
Noho ka pōholi nei i ka ʻĀina Arctic a me subarctic o ka ʻĀkau Hemolele. Noho ʻo Gyrfalcon ma nā palena kiʻekiʻe o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika: ma nā kahakai ʻo Arctic, i ka tundra a me ka nahele-tundra i nā palena ʻākau o ka taiga. I ka wā hona ʻole, ʻo ka gyrfalcon ma nomids e kū ana i ka lua i loko o ka pā a me ka hema - a hiki i ka ʻanuʻu. ʻO nā hale nui o ka gyrfalcon he mau pali i kai a me ke kahakai, kahawai a me nā awāwa mauʻu me nā pali, a me ka nahele, a me ka mauna kai.
Nā hōʻailona waho
ʻO Gyrfalcon ka nui loa o nā pika o ko mākou'āina (nā wingpan - a hiki i 1,6 m). ʻĀnō ka ʻāpana o kēia mau manu i kahi keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo i kahi uliuli a me ka ʻulaʻula hina. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka nui o nā manu mai ke komohana a i ka hikina o ka ʻāina e hoʻomāhuahua iki, a e hoʻomāhuahua ka ʻoniʻu o ka plumage. He ʻulaʻula nā manu ʻōpio, ʻoi aku, ʻokoʻa nā manu ʻōpio mai ka wā kahiko ma ke ʻano o kā lākou mau wāwae: i ka wā mākeke gyrfalcons ka melemele, ma ka ʻōpio - hina.
ʻO Gyrfalcon i ka lele
I loko o ke Kauka ʻAmelika o Lūkia
ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano ʻehā ma kā mākou'āina e pili ana i 1000 mau pālua, ka nui o ka heluna nui (ma kahi o 200 mau huina) e noho nei ma Kamchatka.
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana i ka nui o nā gyrfalcons e pili me ka poino o nā nests, ka hopu ʻole ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā moa no ka falconry. Me ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka Akau, ke lilo nei ka haunaele o nā gyrfalcons ma nā wahi kūlike e nui ka koʻikoʻi. Eia kekahi, hāʻule ka poʻe gyrfalcons ma lalo o nā pana o ka poʻe poacher a make i nā pahele.
Kahalaole
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ikaika nā gyrfalcons i ka falconry a ua manaʻo ʻia he manu manu manu. Ma ka pololei, e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i lawaiʻa ka falconry. Ma kahi ʻano makemake e like me ka pōpō a me nā ʻikepili i kono ʻia. He manu ʻano hulahula ka gyrfalcon, he pākuʻu e hiki ai i kāna mea nona ka mea e kaena a kū aʻe i waena o kekahi. I ka papa papa o nā papa o ka kula kula ʻEulopa no ka hopu ʻana, keʻokeʻo gyrfalcon i noho mau i ka wahi mua.
ʻO Krechetov i hāʻawi ʻia me kahi makana, e ho'āʻo ana e hōʻea i kahi kuʻikahi ma ka pilina diplomatic. A ma ka hale aliʻi imperial i Lūkia aia kahi kūlana kūikawā o falconer. ʻO kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā gyrfalcons i kapa ʻia he krechatni.
I kēia lā, e ola hou nā kuʻuna o ka falconry, akā i kahi kūlana hou. He mele paʻa ʻo ia, hoʻokūkū. Nui ka manaʻo e hiki i ka falconry hou ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe o nā manu o ka hopu a me ke ola hou i ka manaʻo maoli o ka hui ʻana me ka kūlike i ka ʻuhane o kahi kanaka Lūkia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻoi aku ka mea āu e manaʻo ai, e paʻa ana i kou lima kahi hoaaloha ikaika a akamai.
Kahi helu
Aupuni: holoholona (Animalia)
Kahi: chordates (Chordata).
ʻAeke manu (Aves).
Kaulana: ʻO Falconiformes (Falconiformes).
Ohana: Falcon (Falconidae).
Kāhea: Kōkō (Falco).
Nānā: gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus).