I loko o ka honua o ka iʻa aku loko o laila aku, aia nō ka poʻe i kū'ē ʻole i ka manaʻo o ko lākou hemahema o ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i kā lākou mau ʻano, nā ʻano a me nā ʻano. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nō kēlā me kēia ʻano iʻa. Akā aia kekahi mau kamaʻilio o nā ʻulekuma ʻokoʻa ʻē loa o ka hapa nui. ʻO kekahi o kēia iʻa astronotus.
ʻO Astronotus ma ke ʻano
Ka pili ʻana i ka ʻohana o cichlids, ʻo ka astronotus kahi mea iʻa mua ʻole. Akā, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, mahalo nui i kona nani, aloha nā ichthyofauna i hana kikowaena aquarium kamaʻāina. ʻO ka wahi i hānau ai ka ʻona o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo Amazon, ʻo Parana, Paraguay, Negro. Ma hope mai, lawe ʻia ʻo ia i Kina, Florida, Australia, kahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia.
He loko kūpono loa kēia, 35-40 cm ka nui o ka nahele (ma ka loko aku, e ulu ana a hiki i 25 cm), no laila, i kāna ʻāina hānau ʻia ua manaʻo ʻia he kālepa. Mahalo nui ka ʻiʻo Astronotus no kona ʻono. Ua lulu iki ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa mai nā ʻaoʻao, ʻoval i ke ʻano me ka poʻo nui a pume nā maka. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o nā hope.
Nā Astronotus i loko o ka hale aku aku
Ke kiʻi o ke astronotus Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he “ʻiʻo” ka iʻa, ʻaʻole like me nā kānaka aquarium he nui, a ʻo ka nānā mua loa he ʻano like ia me nā iʻa kālepa maʻamau.
Akā, ʻo ke kala o ka astronotus e mea hoihoi ia. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻāpana o nā mea like ʻole a hilinaʻi ma nā ʻano. He hina hina paha ka ʻaoʻao nui a ʻokoʻa a ʻeleʻele. Hāʻawi ʻia ka nani nui o ka astronotus e kona mau ʻaka a i ʻole nā kola, i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ke kino.
ʻEleʻele ka ʻāpana o kēia mau wahi. I kekahi manawa, kokoke kokoke i ka huʻu, aia kekahi wahi poepoe e ʻike like ʻole me ka maka, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻohui nui ʻia ai - ocular i ka inoa o ka astronotus. ʻ areleʻele loa i nā kala he ʻokoʻa wahine astronotus.
I ka mākaukau ʻana o ka iʻa, hoʻōla, a ʻeleʻele ka poli o ke kino nui, i lalo i ka uliuli, a me nā wahi a me nā pupu. Ma ka laulā, nā astronotuses āpau a ʻōiwi maoli a hoʻoliʻi maoli, hoʻololi koke i ke kala me kahi loli koʻikoʻi - - lilo ka iʻa ʻoi loa ka wā o nā minamina: inā he kaua huakaʻi, he pale a kūloko i kekahi o nā haʻalulu.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka astronotus ocular
I ke kala o ka iʻa, hiki no i ke kanaka ke hoʻoholo i kona ʻano - ʻaʻole i ʻāʻī ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻōpiopio, a ke keʻokeʻo nā paʻapaʻa ma luna o lākou. ʻO ka hoʻohui i nā ʻano mea kūlohelohe, loaʻa i kēia manawa nā ʻano kīpana: tigale astronotus (ʻo kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe ʻo Oscar), ʻulaʻula (aneane ʻulaʻula loa, ʻaʻohe hoka), nā pihi (ʻokoʻa nani nā lōʻihi lōʻihi), albino (nā iʻa keʻokeʻo me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a me nā maka pink, a me nā mea he nui.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa astronotus
I ʻonika astronotus i loko o ka hale hoʻonaʻauao, pono e mālama ʻia kekahi mau kūlana. ʻO ke koi mua o ka nui o ko lākou hale - e pili ana i ka nui o ka iʻa iā lākou iho, pono e hāʻawi i kekahi mau astronotuses me kahi e noho ana me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi o ka 250-400 lita.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka albino astronotus
ʻAʻole kēia huki i kēia mau iʻa e pili ana i ka wai, hiki ke 20-30 C⁰, ka acidity 6-8 pH, ka paʻakikī e pili ana i ka 23⁰. Eia hou, ke nānā aku i ka nui o kēia mau iʻa, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo e pinepine lākou e hoʻololi i ka wai - e hoʻololi i ka 30% o ka nui o ka hebedoma.
Eia kekahi, pono e kau i kahi kānana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohana ʻole i ka iʻa e hōʻawaʻawa i ka wai. Eia kekahi, makemake nā astronotuses e hūnā i ka pahu aku - a huki i nā ʻili, e huki i nā lau, hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻano hanohano a me nā mea hana.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili mau iā lākou a puni ka aquarium a kau iā lākou. Ma kahi o ka lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā pōhaku lepo nani ma ka lalo, waiho i kahi ulu ʻole akā ʻaʻole e kahe, e paʻa pono nā mea hana. He mea kūpono ia e haʻalele i ka mea ʻokiʻoki a ʻokiʻoki, e like me ka iʻa, ke hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi hana hou, hiki ke hōʻeha.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka tiger astronotus
ʻO kekahi mea e koi ai no ka mea hoʻokuʻu e pono ʻo ia ke hoʻolako ʻia me ka pā uhi. No ka mea e wikiwiki ʻo ka poʻe ʻalopona i ka wai, a i ka ʻimi ʻana i kekahi mea a kekahi paha, a laila lele lākou i waho a hoʻopau i ka papahele.
ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi a ʻoliʻoli no ka mea nona ka haku iʻa ʻO ka meaʻokoʻa ka hiki i kēia iʻa ke hoʻomanaʻo i kona mea nona, kaukaukau i kona mau lima a hāʻawi nō hoʻi i ka leʻaleʻa e huki.
Inā pili kahi kanaka i ka ʻakuna, a laila ʻo ka iʻa nei, ʻaʻole like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hahai i nā hana a ka mea nona, me ka mea e makemake i kāna mau hana. He kiʻi maikaʻi loa kēia ʻano noʻonoʻo no nā mea ʻarale. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono ʻoe e hānai me nā lima, e like me ka hiki ʻana o ka iʻa.
Ke kūleʻa nei ʻo Astronotus me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe
ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i ka nui ʻana o nā ʻalopona, no laila, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho iā lākou i loko o ka hale kaʻa me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi e holo koke no kahi pōmeni. ʻO ke kūpono, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻona hoʻokaʻawale i kahi mau astronotuses. ʻO ka mea ʻole, ʻo ka hele ʻana i waena o ko lākou mau ʻohana, hiki i ka iʻa ke hoʻomaka e hoʻoulu hou aku, ai ka manawa i ke manawa spawning.
Inā loaʻa aku ia ʻoe aku ka nui aku (mai ka 1000 lita) i kou kiola, hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ka astronotuses me nā cichlids nonokeo ʻole, no ka laʻana, nā geophaguses. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā metinnises haracin nui. Hoʻopaʻa ʻo Astronotus me nā loea liʻiliʻi, pili maikaʻi lākou, a ma waho aʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka iʻa ma hope o ka poʻe makemake e hoʻomāwahi i ka iʻa nui.
Akā, ke hoʻomaka nei i kahi uluā ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia nā kānāwai he nui. ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻalopona ma loko o ka pahu aku ma hope o ka lawehala ʻana i ke aʻa ma ka wahi liʻiliʻi. Ma ka lalo pono ʻoe e kau i ka driftwood branched, waiho i nā laka a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonaʻina ʻē aʻe kahi i hiki ai i nā iʻa ke peʻe inā he pōpilikia.
Ka mea, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kau i loko o ka iʻa aquarium i like me nā laulā. Inā hana pono nā mea āpau, a laila hoʻomaka ka waiwai me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ʻoe iho, a ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hānai i ka Antsistrus hoʻokaʻawale, no ka mea ua lawa nā koina mai ka papa ʻaina o nā aʻoaʻo.
Hoʻonohonoho ka Astronotus
Ma ko lākou ʻano, ua hānai maoli nā astronotuses - ʻelua pua a me ka manu o ko lākou reservoir. Inikini, huluhulu, ʻōpala, tadpoles, nā amphibians liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates, iʻa liʻiliʻi, zooplankton, nā ʻano like ʻole.
Ma ka mea hoʻonaʻauao, hiki ke hānai iā lākou me nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo (ʻoi aku ka momona puʻuwai naʻau), nā ʻikena, nāhelehele, ka ʻūlū, nā kīʻaha iʻa (ʻoluʻolu lawaiʻa, e like me ka iʻa ka wai i nā maʻi aʻai ʻia) ka mauʻu, nā mea ʻono, nā mea ʻai meaʻai hoʻonaninani. pālahalaha a me ka papaʻa ʻai. He waiwai kūpono i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka palaoa palaleka, oatmeal, a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka meaʻai.
I ke kiʻi, he astronotus pua ʻekahi
Pono ke ʻano o ka hānai no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i nā kīʻaha i ka momona a me nā momona o ka ʻai, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i nā pilikia me ka gastrointestinal tract. Eia nō hoʻi mālama mālama astronaut ʻO ia ka mea e ʻoki ai i nā lā, a pono e hānai ʻia lākou ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa o ka lā.
ʻO ka kau a me ka lōʻihi o ka wā astronotus
Hoʻomaka ka Astronotuses e hoʻonui i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. He pono e hānai pono i ka iʻa a hiki i ka wikiwiki ke hiki i ka nui o 11-12 kenimika a lilo i pākeke maikaʻi. Inā he ʻohana kau, a laila e māhelehele ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā pālua a hoʻomaka e noho i kēlā me kēia pākahi i ke kaakahu, kahi e pale ʻia mai nā hoalauna. Hiki ke waiho ʻia i ka pā hale i koho ʻia i loko o ka hale manawaleʻa a me ke hoʻomaka e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hakakā ʻana ma o ka piʻi ʻana o ke anenu a me nā loli maʻamau.
Loaʻa nā mākua o ka wā e hiki mai ana ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala a lilo i keʻena keu, kū mai ka ovipositor wahine, a waiho ʻo ia i ka 500-1500 huaʻai ma luna o ka pōhaku i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻaoʻao ākea.
Hiki ke waiho ʻia nā hua ʻai me nā mākua mālama, a hoʻoneʻe i kahi pākana liʻiliʻi, mālama pono iā ʻoe iho. Ma hope o nā hola he 50, hoʻomaka nā ʻōhua i nā hatch, e lilo ana i ka motile i ka lā ʻehā. Hoʻomaka ka hānai iā lākou me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e neʻe ka neʻe ʻana i kahi māla nui.
Ke ulu nei nā kamaliʻi i ʻekolu kenimika ma hoʻokahi mahina. I kēlā wā hiki aku ke ola, hiki ke kūʻai aku a hoʻohele ʻia ka pī. Kūleʻa Astronotus hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o ka nui, no laila ʻo ka iʻa a hiki i ka 5 kenimika ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 500 rubles, a ʻo ka nui loa, ma kahi o 20 mau kenimika, ua ʻumi mau manawa.
Hoʻonui hou nā Astronotuses me ka makemake o ka mahina, i hoʻokahi manawa o hoʻokahi mahina. Akā i ka makahiki he mea kūpono ke lawe hoʻomaha no nā mahina 2-3. A hiki i 10 mau makahiki, ke noho mau iʻa i ka pua, a ke ola me ka mālama pono a hiki i ka 15 makahiki.
Kāleka
ʻO Astronotus kahi cichlid nui e ulu maoli ana a hiki i 45 cm (ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 1.5 kg). ʻO ka nui o nā mea i loko o ka aquarium e hilinaʻi i ka nui o loko o ia mau mea, akā maʻamau ka liʻiliʻi iki - 25-30 cm.
Loaʻa ka iʻa me ka oval. He nui ka nui o nā palahal, kekahi mea nui. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā loʻi a me nā dorsal i ka huelo; kahi ʻano "ʻano aloha" ʻike ʻia. Ua hoʻopuni ʻo Caudal.
Ua nui ke poʻo, kuhikuhi, kime ka maka o ka lae. ʻAi ʻole ka waha, he ʻiʻo nā lehelehe, a loaʻa nā niho liʻiliʻi ma ka waha. Hāʻawi kēia mau hōʻailona āpau i ka wānana maʻamau.
ʻEleʻele ka waihohelena kino kino, aneane ʻeleʻele, me nā ʻāpana ʻili like ʻole i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻO kekahi manawa ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i nā laina ākea kokoke, e like me ke kala o kahi tiger, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka iʻa kekahi o kona mau inoa. Ma ke kumu o ka huelo he wahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele e ka lula ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka mahalo, he ʻokoʻa nā kaila astronotuses i ke kala mai ka pākeke. ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻulaʻula ko lākou wahi, akā keokeo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike nā mea nani loa. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism seksual. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa nā ʻano hua manuahi i ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke ʻano kino.
Aia nā Astronotus i nā centenarians aku aku. I nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i ka iʻa ke ola a hiki i 15 makahiki.
Nā kūlana o ka paʻa
Inā noho kekahi astronotus ma loko o kou hale, paʻakikī loa ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe ma kahi wai. ʻO kahi biofilter i waho e lilo i mea kōkua maikaʻi no ʻoe. E hoʻomaikaʻi ʻoi aku ʻo ia i ka pākika o nā mea ʻaumakika, e ʻohi ana i loko o ka wai, a me kekahi mau loko iʻa nui, e leʻaleʻa i ke koena o ka ʻai o kona hoalauna me ka leʻaleʻa. Hoʻopili nui nā Astronotuses i ka nele o ka oxygen, no laila e makaʻala nui i ka auction a me ka kānana o ka wai.
He lawa ke hoʻololi i ka hapakolu o ka wai i ka hebedoma a laila e hoʻoponopono ka olakino o kāu iʻa. ʻAʻole ka Astronotuses i ka wai anuanu. I mea e pale ai i kāu mau holoholona i ka maʻi, hoʻomau i ka mahana o ka wai i loko o ka hale loko i loko o 23 -27 ° C.
E hānai i nā cichlids me nā ʻāpana o ke koʻa a i ʻole a iʻa a i ʻole i nā iola e ola ai i nā manawa ʻelua i ka lā. Paona punahele ʻo Astronotus i nā meaʻai a, no ka hānai ʻole iā ia, hāʻawi ʻoe iā ia i ka meaʻai e like me ka mea i hiki i kāna mau minuke ʻelua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i nā lā wikiwiki. E like me nā mea wānana a pau, nā astronotuses e like me ka ʻiʻoʻai, ka pipi momona a me ka puʻuwai.
ʻAi lākou i ka squid, tadpoles a me snails, groundworms, a me nā kahe koko, nā lele a me nā nāhelehele. Inā ʻaʻohe hale e kūʻai i nā meaʻai holoholona, hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i nā astronotuses me nā meaʻai kūikawā no nā cyclides. Hoʻomoe kekahi mau mea aloha i ka ʻai no ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka ʻū ʻana i loko o ka manuahi.
Ke hānai ʻia nei ʻo Astronotus
ʻO ka meaʻai kūlohelohe o nā astronotuses ka iʻa o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke, nā nalo, nā algae. He ʻano mea hoʻohua kēia ʻano, no laila e loaʻa maoli ka iʻa i ka nui o nā momona holoholona maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe.
Ma waena o nā aquarist, e hānai ana i ka astronotus me ka iʻa, ka lepo lepo, nā ʻūʻeleʻeleʻele ʻole, a ʻo ka ʻai o ka pōʻai maloʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine. ʻAʻole ikaika i aʻo ʻia e hānai i nā Oscars me nā ʻai o nā holoholona mahana (ke kō). ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka iʻa i nā enzyme kūpono no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia mau huahana o ka ʻi. Eia kekahi, alakaʻi kēia hana i ka momona a me nā hōʻone o nā kino o loko. Hiki i nā invertebrates kahi i hopu ʻia i loko o ke ʻano (earthworms, crickets) ke lawe i ka hopena o ka maʻi o ka iʻa me nā maʻi a me nā alapine. Ua hoʻohaumia nui lākou i ka aquarium, i hiki ke kūleʻa ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa o kēia nui. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ia mau kīpiha he protein wale nō a ʻaʻole i mālama i ka pono o ka iʻa i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
No laila, no ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻalopona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana ma luna o ka ʻai me ke koikoi kiʻekiʻe no ka cichlids, no ka laʻana, ka lālani Tetra Cichlid.
Loaʻa ka maikaʻi o kēia mau hānai: ua waiwai lākou i nā protein momona kiʻekiʻe, ke kaupaona piha ʻana, ka nui o nā huaora pono a me nā minerala. ʻOi aku ka palekana maʻemaʻe, kūpono lākou e kūʻai a hāʻawi i ka iʻa.
Koho ʻia ka meaʻai ma ke ʻano o ka iʻa.
ʻO Tetra Cichlid (XL) ʻO nā lāʻau nui he astronotusesʻelemakule maikaʻi loa. Kūleʻa nā lāʻau i ka pūpū o ka wai a, ma muli o ko lākou ʻano, lawe i ke ʻano o ka ʻai kūlohelohe o nā iʻa nui, ʻoiai e hoʻokō nei i nā pono o ke kino no nā cichlids i loko o ka intake protein.
No ka hoʻolōʻihi i ke kala o nā wahi ʻalani ma ke kino o ka iʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka meaʻai Tetra Cichlid i ke ʻano o nā pōpō me ka paʻa o nā carotenoids kūlohelohe.
Hiki i nā astronotuses liʻiliʻi ke kono aku i nā Tetra Cichlid Granules liʻiliʻi a i nā ole no nā ʻano āpau o Tetra Cichlid XL Flakes cichlids.
Hoʻopuka ka Astronotuses i ka inu ʻana, no laila hoʻokahi pule i ka manawa e pono ai ka iʻa "ʻai wikiwiki".
Kūlike
E kūʻē paha kekahi iā ʻoe: "Pehea lā? ʻElima mau asters e noho me nā cichlids ʻē aʻe, a me pterigoplicht hoʻi!? " ʻAe, heʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke kau i nā hoa nui o ka ʻohana a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe paha e hōʻino ʻole i ka astronotuses. Akā i kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e mākaukau no ka mea hoʻokahi e hoʻomaka nā hakakā. Pēlā e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka wā wīwī a i ka wā o ka hala. ʻO nā ʻīlio manuahi ākea loa. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae me kā lākou iʻa i ka iʻa. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ulu intraspecific. No laila, ʻo ka noi kūpono pono e mālama i kekahi mau astronotuses i loko o kahi aku kaola o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoʻi nā astronotuses ʻaʻole i kūpono me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā pā. ʻIke lākou i ka mea iʻa gula ke ʻano he mea pōkole ma luna o ka aperitif.
E pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana, pono hoʻi e ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻikepili o nā ʻalopona, me nā mea kanu paʻakikī loa, pilikia. E like me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ke kāhea ʻana i ka pākiko Anubias,nā mea poʻomanaʻo, echinodorus.
Nā Manuia
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka astronotus i nā ʻano, aia i ʻekolu mau ʻano nui: tiger, red astronotus a me nā ʻano albino. Ma ke kumu o kēia mau ʻano maʻamau, ʻike hou aku i nā ʻano hou like ʻole, e like me ka lemon, ke gula a me nā ʻoneka lele melemele. ʻO ka hua albino nā hopena o ka hoʻoulu.
He loko tiger ka astronotus me nā hua pua a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i kahi kino hina. He maka ʻula ʻulaʻula o Albino i kahi kino keʻokeʻo me nā blotches ʻulaʻula.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana koho i kapa ʻia ʻo "Astronotus Red Oscar" ma kahi o nā pale ʻoniʻoni ʻokoʻa o ke kino me nā pupu ʻeleʻele a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano ʻano maikaʻi o nā astronotuses. ʻO ka Oscar ʻulaʻula nui i lilo i mahalo nui i ka ʻulaʻula ulaula, ʻike iki kēia ʻano i loko o ka ʻakuna, me ka hanohano hanohano ma loko.
ʻO ka astronotus pale, he mau kapa lōʻihi kona lōʻihi, he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a ʻano hoihoi. I ka hopena o nā hana hoʻoulu, ua hoʻohele ʻia nā hua hou, e like me ka ʻalani a me ka walnut Oscars.
Maʻi maʻi
ʻOiai ke olakino maikaʻi a pale i nā maʻi, pono e akahele kekahi a pale i nā maʻi ma o ka mālama ʻana i kahi wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO ka mea e weliweli ʻia ʻo nā maʻi maʻi maʻi e like me ka hexamitosis, i hele pū me ka ʻeha ma ke kino a me ke poʻo o ka iʻa. E like pū me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, ka mai, a me nā maʻi parasit. I nā kūlana like, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iʻa me ka mea hoʻokaʻawale a mālama ʻia, a me nā hāmeʻa laulā me nā mea hoʻonaninani ua hoʻopau loa ʻia.
ʻO nā maʻi e like me ka momona nui, ka nele o nā huaora, ka embolism a me ke koʻikoʻi ka manaʻo e mālama ʻia.