Kahu ʻeli - he ʻanoʻano o nā pīpī o ka ʻohana karnivores. Kine ʻia nā ʻōleʻa makekia no ka kanu ʻana i nā holoholona make i ka lepo. Hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i kahi mea e lalau ai na ka inikini liʻiliʻi e "kanu" i kahi kiʻi make, nona ka nui o kona mau ʻāpana i kona mau tausani mau manawa.
He aha nā mea like
ʻO Gravedigger kahi mau ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele maʻamau e ʻelua mau ʻalani a ʻalani paha i ka elytra. ʻO kēlā me kēia mau antennae i ka hopena he manawa paʻa - kahi makale, a me ka hope o ka ʻōpū e hā pinepine pinepine ai mai lalo o nā eheu pōkole.
Hana hana
ʻAi ʻia nā ngana hānai a nā pākeke a me kā lākou mau huaʻai i ka ʻōpala - ka ʻiʻo o ka nāhelehele o nā holoholona make. ʻIke lākou i ka mea ʻala ma ka honi. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kino o kekahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, manu a manu paha, e hoʻopuka ke kāne i kekahi mea ʻala, kahi ʻano ikaika o kā ka wahine i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Ma hope o ka holo ʻana, holo nā mea i loko o ka honua ma lalo o ke kino a hoʻomaka e huki i ka lepo mai loko aku. ʻO ka hopena, ua hāʻule malū ke kaʻa a i ka lepo. Ke kāʻili nei i ka ʻōpū, ʻaʻole mau poina i nā mea piʻipiʻi manuahi a huluhulu paha i ke kālai. Aia ka lālani i ka lepo, hoʻomāloʻo ka wahine iā ia i nā enzyme digestive a waiho i nā hua. Hana nui nā Beetles: mau manawa wale nō e eli ai i kahi kalai o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka mea ʻimi lohi e ʻike i ka mea hoʻokūkū e loaʻa, akā inā loaʻa iā lākou kekahi kanaka o ka wahine ʻē aʻe, a laila ua lilo ka hana "neʻe". Loaʻa nā manawa pinepine i ka wahine ma ka hopena o ke kaʻina e alualu i ka hana kāne kāne ʻoiaʻiʻo. Eia nō naʻe, hele pū kekahi nā wili e ʻoluʻolu maluhia i waho i ke kōkua kōkua ma waho.
Aia nā kumu ʻelua e kanu ai nā iniseti i ke kālai. ʻO ka mea mua, hūnā ʻia ia mai nā mea aloha ʻē aʻe, a he nui nā mea inika. A ʻo ka lua, ma ka mānoanoa o ka honua ka mea i paʻa ke kumu nui - lawelawe ka ʻai no ka hanauna hou.
Hiki i nā pōpoki pīpī ke hoʻomaopopo i ka kalai ʻana ma kahi lōʻihi loa, a hiki i nā haneli mau mika. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea hihiu i kekahi holoholona make: rodents, reptiles, manu, nā iʻa, a me kekahi mau manawa Ua hānai nā holoholona i nā kino hou i ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau hola ma mua aku nei.
ʻO kekahi mau mea make e ʻai ʻia ana e ʻai i nā kino o nā holoholona, ʻaʻole naʻe kēia e kanu i nā kupapau i ka lepo. Hoʻohana kekahi kekahi i nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona i kanu ʻia e nā mea ʻē aʻe. No ka hana ʻana iā lākou, ʻeli lākou iā lākou iho i ka lepo, kaʻi aku i nā mea nona nā kuleana maoli mai ka "punē" o ke kalima, a laila luku i kā lākou āpau. Ma hope o kēia, ua waiho ka luna wahine hou i kāna hua.
ʻO ka mālama mālama
Ke kanu ʻana i ke kino make i ka lepo i ka hohonu o kekahi mau kenimika a i ka hapalua mika, hiki i nā pīpī kupapau ke hele malū mau i ka hānau. No ka hana i kēia, mai ke kikowaena kikowaena (crypt) kahi i waiho ai ka holoholona make, lawe ka manu i ka lōʻihi paʻa i ka pani ʻia mai ka mink. I loko o lākou, ʻeli ka wahine lua kāwili a waiho i ka hua. I ka wā i ulu ai ka makuahine, ʻaʻole i noho ka makuahine: ʻai ʻo ia i ka lua o ke kino make o nā holoholona, a hoʻokuʻu i ka wai kāwailua i loko o lākou, ma lalo o ka mana o ke kino a ke kino i hoʻoilo ʻia no ka wili i hope. A laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ka wahine i nā mahele ma waena o ka crypt a me kahi e waiho nei i ka hua, a hiki i ka ulu ʻōpio ke hele i ka meaʻai me ka ʻole o ka pale ʻana.
Hōʻike ʻia ka Offspring ma hope o ʻelima lā. He paʻakikī hiki ke manaʻoʻiʻo, akā i ka manawa mua, ua hānai ʻo ia iā ia e like me nā manu o kāna mau moa. E waimaka ana ia i nā ʻāpana o ke kālai ʻia i nā ʻuʻalohi a waiho ʻia i loko o nā waha momona o nā wao. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai ma kā lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu ua hoʻokō ke makuahine i kāna kuleana a, ma hope, e hiki ke haʻalele i nā keiki.
Hoʻaiho
He aha nā ʻāina i noho ai nā kolohe? ʻO nā kiʻi i loaʻa i nā mea kūlohelohe e hōʻike i hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻehā ma nā kihi āpau o ka honua, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o Australia a me kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻApelika. I ka manawa like, ʻimi ʻo ka lua kupapau iā lākou iho e noho i nā ululāʻau, akā inā ma ka ʻanuʻu e ʻike lākou i ka mea ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka nui o ka wahi i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka meaʻai, no ka mea he anuanu nui loa kēia ʻano holoholona.
ʻO ka daenue ʻehā mauʻano make: he aha nā holoholona e ʻai ai kēia ʻano?
ʻOiai naʻe, ʻo kēia ʻano pili i ka ʻohana o ka mea make, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana, ʻaʻohe māmea. ʻAno maoli, ʻai pū lākou i nā kalapu holoholona, akā ma kēia hihia he nui nā kānāwai e kaupalena ana i nā pīpī i ko lākou makemake. Aia ke kumu o kēia ʻano hana i nā mea kū i ke kaʻina o ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kāwili kupapau, akā e noʻonoʻo mākou i kēia pilikia ma hope.
ʻOi aku ka mea nui, ʻo ka pīpī he mau kānaka kūleʻa e ʻai i nā iniseti ʻē aʻe. E ala a me ka nui, ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe noho liʻiliʻi o ko lākou kahe ʻana, e like me nā aphids, ladybugs, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Mālama maʻalahi, nā mea pīpī-pākī i hiki ke ʻai i kekahi mea e komo ai i loko o ko lākou waha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻolilo ka nui o nā kuʻuna mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke ola o ka noho ʻana. Ke kōkua ʻia nei iā lākou e kēia mau mea hoʻopale kūikawā e kū ana ma ka hopena o ka antennae. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki i ka pīpī ke hiki ke honi i ka ʻōpala huna i kahi mamao o ka 100 mau mika. A ma hope o kēlā, ʻaʻole i pau ka mea e pale i ka nāʻe ukiuki mai ka huakaʻi ʻana i kāna huakaʻi i manaʻo ʻia.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumuhana o kāna mau ʻimi ʻana, ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka palupalu i ka mea kūpono. Inā maikaʻi ke kiʻi i ka pahuhopu, hāʻawi ia i kahi hōʻailona ʻono e hōʻike ana i nā hoahānau pili kokoke loa i kahi ʻike waiwai. I ka manawa pinepine, hele koke mai ka kōkua i hope, a ma hope e hoʻomaka ai ka kahakiʻi ʻana i nā hana.
No laila, inā i loaʻa i ke kāne ka mea pio, a laila nona ka kuleana ma ke poʻo o ka ʻohana hou. Inā he wahine, inā ʻo ia ke koho i ka male maikaʻi loa e like me kāna kāne. Ma ke ala, ʻike pinepine ka poʻe kāne i nā kino o nā holoholona, no ka mea ua hoʻolōʻihi nā manawa i kēia manawa i kēia kaʻina ma mua o kā lākou halves.
ʻO ke kumu maoli o ke kupapaʻu
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, ʻaʻole ʻai nā ʻōpio makua i nā koena e loaʻa ana ma ke ala. Ma kahi hou, kanu lākou i ka lua o ke kino i ka lepo, ʻo ia ke kumu, kahi inoa i loaʻa i kēia mau ʻalana kahi inoa ʻeleʻele. Akā ʻo ke kumu o kēia hana, ʻaʻole ia ka makemake e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ulu lāʻau o ka mea ʻala kō, akā he makemake maoli e hoʻomau i ka genus.
No laila, ʻo ka "kanu" kanu lā kahi mea maikaʻi loa ka meaʻai no ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio o nā pīpī. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea i kanu ʻia i ka lepo, hoʻomaka ka ʻuʻuku kupapau e hoahele. A laila waiho wale ka wahine i nā hua ma kahi e pili ana i ke kalai, no laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palekana o nā keiki i ka wā e hānau ai lākou.
Pehea lākou e kanu ai i nā kino
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā mea ʻino, ua kū mai kekahi nīnau kūlike: "Pehea e kanu ai i nā koena o nā holoholona?" Ma keʻano, ua maʻalahi nā mea a pau ma aneʻi. Kūleʻa wale nā Beetles ma lalo o ke kino a hoʻomaka e wehe i ka ʻāina. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kaʻoiaʻiʻo ua lilo ka lepo mai ka lepo, a hoʻomaka ke koena e hāʻule i lalo, me he mea lā e pili ana i ka wikiwiki.
ʻOiai ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke ʻano o nā pīkoi kupapaʻu i ke kino ma hope o kāna "kanu". No laila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou iā ia i ka huluhulu a me nā hulu paha, a laila e uhi iā ia me ka hoʻokaʻawaʻi antibacterial kūikawā mai nā kuhi hewa. Mahalo i kēia, hiki i ke kino o ka holoholona ke waiho ma lalo o nā hebedoma a he hala ʻole.
Ka Hōʻailona e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia no Offspring
Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu, waiho a ke kāne a me ka wahine i ka pūnana no ʻelua pule. Akā ma hope lākou e hoʻi hou ai i ka manawa e hālāwai ai i kahi hanauna hou. O ka mālama ʻia o kā lākou keiki ka mea e ʻike nui loa no nā poʻe noiʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka honua o nā pepeke.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mākua ʻōpio ʻaʻole like me ke kanaka like me he mea lā paha ke nānā mua. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kā lākou aloha ʻole i ka luku ʻia i nā ʻōpio āpau i hānau ʻia a nawaliwali ʻole paha. Loaʻa i nā poʻe olakino wale nō ke kuleana e hele i kahi ʻahaʻaina nui, kahi lākou e hui pū ʻia ai e nā pakeke-kolo makua.
Eia nō kekahi, ʻo ka makua iho ke komo pū i ka ʻōpala. A ʻo kēia ʻano ʻino loa, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma mua o nā mea ʻaʻa i hōʻole i kā lākou ʻai wale nō ka mālama o kā lākou keiki. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, moe ka palu ma lalo o ka ʻāina, a laila huli lākou i ka pupae. A ma hope o ʻelua pule, ʻike hou ʻia ka hanauna hou o nā kupapaʻu mai iā lākou, a hana hou ke ola holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi pōʻai hou.
Ka haunaele ʻana
ʻAʻohe mea weliweli i ka nānā ʻana aku o nā pōkole o ka ʻohana karnivore. Kūpono ka nui o kēia mau manu ʻomika i ka nui, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino, e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano, ma waena o 1 a 4 mau kenimika. Hoʻonani paʻa ʻia ko lākou mau ʻēheu i nā kāula a me nā kala ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā antennae ma ke poʻo i mau leʻaleʻa ma nā kihi, me ke kōkua o ia mea e honi ai nā pupu i nā ʻiʻo e pau ana i kahi mamao o nā haneli.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pīpī lua
Aia ka ʻike ʻili o ka mea ʻalupena: inā ʻike ke kāne i kahi kino make, piʻi ʻo ia i luna o ka mea kanu lāʻau a i kekahi kiʻekiʻe paha e hāpai i ka ʻūhā o ka ʻōpū, ʻoiai kahi hoʻokuʻu kikoʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kohu. Manaʻo kēia ʻoka e ka wahine. Ke lele ka wahine i ke kāhea ʻana o ke kāne, e nānā ke kāne i ka mea i pio a hoʻomaka e hana. I kekahi mau lā, ua hiki i ka wahine a me ke kāne ke "kanu" i ka mole.
Inā loaʻa nā kūlana i kahi ʻike kupapaʻu ua loaʻa ʻole i ke kino, waiho ʻia ʻo ia i ka hua i loko o ka molowī.
Hoʻokahi ʻano hou o nā pīpī o kēia ʻano - ke mālama nei lākou i ke kino me kahi huna pilikino, aia kahi i ka lysozyme enzyme, nona kahi hopena antibacterial. ʻAʻole ʻae kēia enzyme i nā koena e decompose. Pono e hoʻolilo ka lysozyme he māhele ia o ka pale o nā mea ola e ola nei. ʻO ka laʻana, i nā kānaka, aia ka lysozyme i nā wai lawaiʻa. Ma hope o kēia ʻano ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa, lilo ke kupapaʻu i koho maikaʻi maikaʻi loa no ka larvae. Inā mālama ʻole nā mākua i kā lākou hua, e pili ana iā 40% o lākou e make.
Hana ʻia nā kino lāʻau me kahi huna huna.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, he "mau makaʻi" —lamase ticks - noho ma nā kua o nā hiʻu. Pono ka poʻe ʻeliā o Grave i mea huakaʻi hele a kau aku iā lākou ma luna o nā iwi holoholona. ʻO ka mea, ʻo kēia mau mite, e like me ka lysozyme, hakakā ka microflora pathogenic, no ka mea hānai lākou i nā microorganism e hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina o ka decomposition o nā corpses. ʻO kekahi kahi hoʻohālike hou o ke ʻano kupaianaha o nā mea ola i ke ʻano.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
He aha nā ʻano ʻano pīpoki?
I ka huina he 68 mau ʻano o nā pupu he nui o ka ʻohana karnivore (Silphidae) ma ka honua. Noho lākou i nā wahi āpau koe wale o ʻAmelika a me nā ʻōpala i ʻAmelika;
ʻAʻohe mea ʻino ʻole a weliweli paha i ko lākou helehelena - he mau ʻōpala nui kēia o nā kala ʻeleʻele, kahi hiki ke hoʻonani ʻia nā elytra me nā ʻalā a i ʻole kekahi ʻalani ʻalani. Ma ke poʻo aia kekahi mau antennae me nā ʻāpana ma nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, mahalo no kēia mea hiki i nā mea pīpī ke honi i ka ʻiʻo i hoʻomaka ai e pala, i kahi lōʻihi o nā haneli haneli mai ona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau mea hihiu e hiki ke hoʻololi ma waena o 1 - 4 kenimika. Loaʻa ka nui o lākou o ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi holoholona make.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea inati o ka ʻohana o ka make-Eaters (Silphidae), kahi luʻu punu. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo Thingie.
Paʻa kāla kupapaʻu (Nicrophorus vespillo) - kēlā mea kā lākou e kapa nei i kekahi o nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka "kanu lākou" i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i make, ke kanu nei iā lākou i ka lepo. Hoʻonui kēia i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā koena, no laila, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau inika me he palapala ʻokoʻa o ka honua holoholona.
Akā ʻo ka pane i ka nīnau no ke aha lākou e hana ai i kēia e noʻonoʻo hou ʻia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻano o nā pīpī e ka pili i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, akā, ma o ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana e ʻike i ka moʻo a me ka ʻaukala makua - ʻo nā holoholona make e lilo i kumu ʻai no kā lākou mamo. Ma ke ala, hānai nui nā pīpī pakeke i nā pepeke, ʻaʻole ka kālai.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻo Grave Beetle i kahi o kāna hua. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo Nigel Jones.
ʻO ke mālama pono ʻana i nā hua keiki he ʻano kupapaʻu o nā ʻōpala kino
I ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kupapaʻu o kekahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻike ka mākaʻikaʻi i ka ʻāina, a loiloi i ka ʻāina kahi e waiho ai ka mea pio, kona kūlana, a laila e hoʻomaka e ʻalo a puni nā wāwae mua o ka ʻāina a puni ia. Hoʻopili iki ke ʻano o ke kino i ke kāne i kēia - ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou mau wāwae ma mua o nā wahine.
I ka wā e ʻike ai kahi pali o ka ʻōpala i nā ʻōpala o ke kino, ua hoʻomoʻo ka ʻeli kupapaʻu i lalo i loko o ia mea a me ia, ke kupapaʻu, lūlū ka hohonu i ka hohonu o ka lepo ma lalo o ke kaumaha o kona pono ponoʻī. Kele ʻia kahi holoholona make i ka lepo i kahi hohonu o 30 a 50 cm.
Pīlio paha kēia mea pīpī, ʻaʻole paha e piʻi i ka camomile e mahalo ʻole i kona nani, ʻaʻole ia e ʻohi i ka hae a inu i ka nectar, ʻoi loa mai ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia pua e hōʻike aku ʻo ia i ka wahine ua loaʻa iā ia he nani " wahi "no ka hoʻouka hua hua. ʻAʻole mau ka wahine e kali lōʻihi. ʻO ke kiʻi e: JesperiJ.
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hoʻāʻo ʻo ka wahine e hoʻokuke aku i ke kāne. Wehe ʻia ʻo ia i ke kahe mai kahi kupapaʻu i make ai a waiho i nā hua he nui ma lalo o nā hua liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia niche ua kapa ʻia he keʻena brood.
No laila, hoʻi aku i ka lōina o ka holoholona, ʻaina ka wahine i kekahi mau ʻimi ma loko ona a kanu i nā ʻike o kāna hana ʻimi ma laila, ʻo ka wai kūlohelohe, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā koena a puni, e hoʻololi ai i ka ʻiʻo o ka holoholona make i mea kanu olakino no ka wā e hiki mai ana. No kekahi mau lā, mālama ka wahine i nā hua, e hoʻohuli iā lākou a lick iā lākou a lilo lākou i kuhihewa.
ʻO nā hanauna ʻōpio o nā pōpoki hē o nā ʻano manuahi ʻo Nicrophorus defodiens. ʻO ke kiʻi e Arboreal Boids.
Ma hope o kekahi mau manawa, ʻo nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ke ʻano oblong me nā wāwae lōlihi mai kahi o nā hua. Holo lākou i ka papa mākaukau pololei i ka "papa ʻaina", kahi e hoʻomaka ai lākou e ʻai i nā ʻōpala i hōʻole ʻia e nā enzyme o ka wai ʻōpū o ka makuahine. No laila hānai ka ʻai mea make ma kahi o 12 mau lā, e ulu wikiwiki ana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paona. He vora maikaʻi lākou, ma kahi manawa pōkole lākou e molt 4 mau manawa! Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ʻano pupua - pōleʻe ka pupae hou i loko o ka lepo a a ʻelua mau pule ma hope aʻe o ka puka ʻana mai o kahi puhā.
ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā popo hiʻona
Loaʻa i kēia mau mea hihiu kahi ʻano hoihoi - ʻaʻole ʻike ka gravedigger wahine i kahi ʻano cadaveric ma kahi mamao loa. Inā ʻike ke kāne i ke koena, no laila piʻi ʻo ia i ka spikelet, lapuwale o ka mauʻu, a hele wale i ka hillock a hāpai i ka hope o ka ʻōpū, e hoʻolaha ana i kahi mea kikoʻī e hoʻohana ana i nā kūloʻi kūikawā. I kēia kāhea ʻana, lele akula ka wahine i loko, i kona manaʻo ʻana iā ia no nā mau mile. A laila e nānā kahi ʻelua o nā pepeke i kā lākou mea make a lilo i ka hana, i nā lā ʻelua hiki i "ʻohana" ke kanu "i nā makole liʻiliʻi!
ʻO nā manawa pōʻino kekahi i waena o nā pōpoki, i nā hihia a hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka ʻiʻo make, hoʻohana nā pīpī i nā huaʻai e hānai ai i nā hua. Photo by jan lyngby
He ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe kekahi o nā manu o kēia ʻano, e hoʻōla ʻia lākou me kahi wai waiū - nā mea huna i hilo ʻia e nā kelepona kūikawā, ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o ke kupapaʻu holoholona. ʻO kēia mea huna, ma muli o ka ʻike o ka hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā (lysozyme) i loko o ia mea, he waiwai antibacterial a ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ke koena e pauku, ma ke ala, ʻo ka lysozyme kekahi o nā pūnao o ka ʻōnaehana o nā meaola ola nui ma ka honua. I ka poʻe, no ka laʻana, aia kekahi ʻano mīkini i loko o ka wai wai. Ma hope o ke "sanitization" limahana, e lawelawe ana nā pēpē i meaʻai maikaʻi loa no nā ʻōpiopio.A inā ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻano like ʻole o nā manaʻo makua, ma ka 40 pākēnē o nā hua o nā ʻiole e make mai ka microflora weliweli. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo maluhia ʻo kēia kekahi o nā ala maʻamau ʻole e mālama pono ai i nā hua!
Hiki i nā honu leʻa ke nānā ʻia me nā mea hele a me nā poʻe "hala. He ʻano maikaʻi kēia o nā mea huakaʻi, nā gamasid mites (ʻohana Gamasoidea(ma kekahi mau hānai gamazobye)) Puhi ʻia nā pīpī palu me ka hoʻomau i kēia mau luhi a hoʻoili i nā ʻili i kēlā mau wahi kahi i loaʻa ai kahi kino i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e nā pīpī no nā hua hānau. ʻO ka mea ʻoiai me ka pūkili lysozyme, lawe pū ʻia ka hakakā me ka microflora me ke kōkua o nā gamasid mites, ua ʻai kēia mau mites i nā microorganism e hoʻopili nei i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. Eia kekahi ʻano hoʻohālike hou o ka simbiosis ma waena o nā pepeke. ʻO ke kiʻi e mikcoffin.
Makemake ʻoe i ka ʻatikala? Hoʻopili i ka nalu e mālama pono ai i nā mea hoihoi loa
Kahu ʻeli
Kahu ʻeli | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Kahu ʻeli Nicrophorus vespillo | |||||||||||
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā pepeke manuahi |
Maikuhi: | Kaona limahana |
Kekaha: | Staphylinoid |
Lāpala: | Kahu ʻeli |
Kāhea: | Kahu ʻeli |
- Laulau
Kahu ʻeli , a i ole mau pīpī pīpī , (lat. Nicrophorus) - he ʻano o nā pīpī o ka ʻohana karnivores.
Mālama
E pili ana nā ʻelele o ke ʻano ʻano ma Europa, a ma Asia (a hiki i New Guinea a me nā mokupuni ʻo Solomon), ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Palaearctic o ʻApika, a me ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ma nā wahi kahakaha zoogeographic a Ethiopia a ma ka ʻāina nui o Australia, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano subfamily. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea he 50 ma ka Holarctic, ʻo 15 wale nō ia i kākau ʻia no ka Nearctic. Aia ma mua o 10 mau mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka ʻāina Indo-Malayan. I nā holoholona o nā aupuni o ka US mua ma mua, he 28 mau ʻano i hōʻike ʻia; ʻoi aku ka 20 i loaʻa ma Rū. I ka puka fossil, ʻike ʻia nā ʻelele kahiko o ka ʻōnaehana ma Cretaceous Burmese amber.
Hiʻohiʻona maʻamau
ʻO nā pīpī nui 11-40 mm lōʻihi. Ke kala ʻuli ʻeleʻele, elytra pinepine me ke kuhi kukui, i hana ʻia mai ʻelua (ʻehā loa) a i ʻole nā ʻāpana a ʻulaʻulaʻula o nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka clypeus kahi puka ʻāmaʻomaʻo i kai ʻulaʻula i ka ʻalani-brown brown. I ka nui o nā ʻano, he puka i ka membrane e hoʻonui ana i loko o ka clypeus. He ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ke membrane i nā kāne a me nā wahine a ʻo ia nō hoʻi nā ʻano ʻokoʻa kūikawā. ʻO ka mahele mua o ka antennae e maʻamau ka 1.2-1.5 mau manawa ma mua o ka flagellum (2-7th section). ʻO kahi hui antennae maikaʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻāpana (ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole paha mai ka ulaula), akā ʻoi aku ka ʻelua o ka ʻāpana: ʻāpana a ʻulaʻula, a ʻeleʻele ka hapa nui. Hoʻopili ka elytra i nā kālele stridulation ma ka lima o ka dependence o ka ʻōpū. Forelegs pubescent, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lamellarly.
Biology
He necrophages lākou: e hānai ana i ka kalima ma ka pākeke a me ke kahua pae. Kanu ka pīpī i nā loina o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka lepo (no laila ka poʻe i nā hika i ko lākou inoa "ʻōpala palupalu") a hōʻike i kahi mālama hoʻomohala no ka hua - larvae, e hoʻomākaukau ana i ka substrate mea kanu no lākou. I ka haʻalele ʻana o kahi kumuʻai nui, ua hōʻike nā hihia o ka facultative predale e ʻai ana i ka pala o nā ʻōpala a me nā mea kua.
I ke kāula, hoʻokūkū ke kālai me nā dipterans. Ka wehewehe kēia i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano o ka līlika ma nā mauna wela a hiki i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻalima lāʻau nui.
Mahalo i nā chemoreceptors i kūkulu ʻia i nā kihi o ka antennae, ʻono lākou i ke kalapu mai kahi mamao aku a hiki iā lākou ke lele iā ia no nā haneli mau mika. Hōʻalo nā kāne a me nā wahine i ke kalapu kahi i ʻike ʻia (maʻamau ʻo ia ke kino o ka manu liʻiliʻi a manu paha), e kahe ana i ka lepo mai lalo aʻe, a laila e hūnā ana ia i nā mea hou aʻe. Hoʻohana lākou i ka excrement a me ka lawai e hoʻolohi i ka decomposition a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka decomppos, kahi mea e huki ai i nā manaʻo o nā mea hoʻokūkū. Mālama ka Instillation i ke kupapaʻu mai ka maloʻo ʻana i ka manawa o ka hānai ʻai ʻana ma luna. Me ka lepo pala, hele koke ka eli ʻana, i loko o kahi mau hola. ʻO kekahi manawa, hoʻoili ʻia ka make i kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻokaʻawale ka neʻe o ka lua kupapaʻu mai kahi wahi e hiki ai ke kanu. Ma hope o ka hāō ʻana, e waiho ka wahine i nā hua ma kahi kokoke (ʻoi aʻe ma ka lua lepo). ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka kalima kahi ʻelua o nā pīpī, ke hoʻokuke nei i ke koena.
ʻApōpō me nā wāwae he 6 mau wāwae a me nā pūʻulu o nā maka 6 ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao i puka mai nā hua i waiho ʻia. ʻO kahi ʻano hoihoi o nā kākalē kupapaʻu ka mālama ʻana i nā hua: ʻoiai hiki ke ʻai ka palalima ma luna o lākou iho, hoʻokaʻawale nā mākua i ka ʻāpana kino me nā enzyme o ka digestive, e hoʻomākaukau ana i ka "sabu" momona no lākou. ʻAe kēia i ka ulu keiki ulu ulu wikiwiki. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, e hohonu pono ana ka palukulu i ka lepo, kahi e mālama ai lākou, e hoʻohuli nei i nā kika makua.
Me kekahi mau mea inikini a me nā microorganisms e noho ana i nā kino holoholona, nā mea ʻalupua nui e hoʻopiʻi hou i kā lākou pala, i hana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe.