Ki luna: nā pōkole ʻo Aldiomedes angustirostris; ma lalo nei: koʻo ʻana o ka albatross manu o ka manuahi e pili ana i ka manu, ʻo ia kekahi o nā lālā liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana.
Jean-Claude Stahl / Te Papa
Ua wehewehe ʻo Paleontologists i kahi ʻano hou a me nā ʻano albatrosses i noho i 3-3.4 miliona mau makahiki i ka makahiki ma New Zealand, e like me ka ʻōlelo a International Journal of Avian Science. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ia ka mea nona ka ʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻo ia o ka ʻohana, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma ke ʻano o kāna pua, ua ʻimi ʻo ia i ka iʻa. He aha ke kumu o kona make ʻana i ʻike ʻole ʻia. E like me nā manaʻo a ka poʻe noiʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kū i ka hoʻokūkū me nā kai ʻē aʻe.
ʻĀnō ʻehā mau ʻano hua manu o nā manu i ka ʻohana albatross, ʻo ka hapanui e noho nei i ka Hema Hemolele. He mau loko kai nui kēia, ka mea nui i ka cephalopods, i ka iʻa a me ka ʻawaʻawa liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻai i ka kalima a me ka zooplankton. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻōiwi he nui o ka albatrosses i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī, ʻai kekahi i nā cephalopods, ʻo kekahi mau mea he crustaceans a iʻa paha. Loaʻa iā Albatrosses kahi ʻano maikaʻi o ke ʻano honi, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e ʻimi iā lākou i ka mea o ka ala. ʻO nā mākaʻi nui loa o ka ʻohana, nāhelehele a me nā albatrosses aliʻi hema, he mau ʻēheu o 3.7 mika (he moʻolelo paʻa kēia i waena o nā manu hou), a hiki i ko lākou paona ke hiki iā 11 kilogram. ʻO nā albatrosses liʻiliʻi loa, he ʻumi a me nā ʻeleʻele, he 2.4-3,4 kilogram he nui, a ʻo ko lākou mau ʻēheu he ʻelua mita.
Ke koena o kekahi o ka albatrosses kahiko, Murunkus subitusLoaʻa iā ia ma Uzbekistan i loko o nā kulekele Middle Eocene (37-47 miliona mau makahiki i hala). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like kēia manu me kēia mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana, a ʻo kona mea no ka hui. He manu ʻē aʻe Tydea septentrionalis, i noho i ka mua Oligocene 30-31 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua maopopo maoli ʻia i nā albatrosses. Ma ka nui, ua like ia me kahi albatross hou, i loaʻa i ka lōʻihi o 80-95 kenimika, a ʻo kona mau ʻēheu he 2-2.5 mau mika. I loko o Miocene Middle (12-15 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei), ua hoʻomaka ka pūʻulu e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻenehana hou i kēia wā. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia kēia e nā fossils o nā manu o ka huaʻōlelo Phoebastria a me ka ʻano aʻe o ke albatrosses (Diomedea) loaʻa ma Kaleponi a me Oregon, kekona.
ʻO Palaleontologists Gerald Mayr o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Zenckenberg ma Frankfurt a me Alan J. D. Tennison o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Nuioka, ua hōʻike he ʻano hou a me nā ʻano albatrosses hou e noho ana he 33.4 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Loaʻa ʻia kāna ʻeke piha piha ʻana i ka Tangahoe Formation ma 2011.
Aldiomedes angustirostris, me he manu i kapa ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā albatrosses hou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kāna ʻihi e pili ana i ka 90 pakeneka o ka lōʻihi o ke ana o ka ʻōpū o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana, smoky albatrosses (Phoebetria). ʻAʻole like ka albatross kahiko i kēia mau lā ʻaʻole i ka nui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi puʻupuʻu ākea ʻokoʻa e like me nā beaks o nā kai no ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa e like ai. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻano ʻānina o kēia wā ka nui o ka cephalopods.
No ke aha mai A.angustirostris nalo, kekahi hiki ke kuhi wale. "He hiki nō i ka Pliocene, ua noho lākou i loko o nā nīnūnika ia like me nā mea lawaleʻa ʻē aʻe, e like me ke gannetwhales a me nā cormorants, a ma ka hopena i hāʻawi iā lākou," wahi a Herald Mayr. “Akā, i mea e hoʻāʻo ai i kēia haehae, pono nā palaho hou o nā manu o kēlā manawa.”
He mea kūpono ia e ʻike ʻole ai nā albatrosses wale nō nā mea nona nā ʻao ʻehā nui ma waena o nā manu. ʻO ka manu hihiu ola mua loa, ʻo ia ka wahine o ka wahine albatross i kapa ʻia i loko o ka wai ma mua o 1951, a i hui ʻia i ka makahiki 1956. ʻO ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kau hou ka manu 68 mau makahiki.
Hanahewa
ʻO nā mākeke i koho ʻia no ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole ia i mamao loa kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hoʻouka ʻana - ma Al-Nur Mosque ma Deans Avenue ma kahi o 13:40 manawa kūloko (3:40 manawa o Moscow), a ma Lynwood Masjid - ma kahi o 13:45. Hoʻokahi wale nō mea hoʻouka i kēlā me kēia hale pule, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia hoʻi nā mākaʻi i kahi kāne i ka lole i kokoke i ke kula a me kekahi wahine ʻē aʻe.
Nā kiʻi: AP / TASS
ʻIke ʻia ka hapanui o nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana iā Al-Nur, ka mea i make ai 30 mau kānaka. ʻO ka mea nāna i hōʻoki - ke kanaka keʻokeʻo - hoʻomaka i ke kī ʻana ma waho: i nā kānaka ʻelua e kū ana ma ke alo, a ma hope - i ka hopena ʻana i ka laina o kekahi o lākou, ka mea e ʻimi nei e holo, hele akula ia i loko, kahi i wehe ai ʻo ia i ka hoʻopā make. Ua hūnā ka poʻe kipa i ka mō'ī i loko o ka haunaele ma nā kihi, ʻo kekahi o lākou, ʻaʻole i kohu ʻia, kuʻi i ka pua i loko o ka ala, ʻaʻole naʻe kēia i kōkua .. Ua mau ke kaua ʻana i ka manawa i ʻeono mau minuke, ia ia i hoʻokele ai i ka hoʻi i ka kaʻa i hoʻokahi manawa no nā pahu hou.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kanaka ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana: he kaʻa e hele ana ma ke kī aku i kahi wikiō o pehea i waiho ʻia ai e ka mākaʻi e nā mākaʻi. I ʻike ʻia nō ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia me ka pepehi kanaka, ʻapōpō e kū ʻia ana i ka ʻaha.
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lua lua - ua hōʻea ka mea nāna i hōʻea i kahi Subaru kālā, ma kahi o 20 mau pūha i puhi ʻia i ka wahi, a ua kū ka mea i noho ma ka ʻāʻia i kū mai a puni ka ahi. Wahi a nā hōʻike hou, ma kahi o 10 mau mea i make i ka hopena o kēia hōʻeha.
Nā kumu
ʻIke ʻo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka inoa o ka mea nāna e pepehi - ʻo ia nō ʻo 28 Australian Palena wahine Brenton, i kēia manawa, e like me nā luna, ua neʻe i Niihau. Ma hope koke o ka hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻolaha ʻo ia i kahi hōʻike 74 mau ʻaoʻao i ka mea e kamaʻilio ai ʻo ia no ka inaina ʻana i nā kulekele lehulehu a ka poʻe hoʻokō, a kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi he "ethno-nationalist and eco-fascist," a ʻo kāna hana he ʻano hoʻoweliweli.
Ma ka hōʻike catechism, pane ʻo Tarrant i kāna mau nīnau ponoʻī, e hōʻike ana i nā memes i pālahalaha nui i nā pōkole kūpono. No ka laʻana, ua kapa ʻo ia iā ia iho "ʻo ka mea make o kebabs" (kahi ʻōlelo pili i ka ʻohana Bosnian no 1995), ua kāhea ʻo kāna ʻakaʻaka i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika-ʻAmelika, nāna i kākoʻo i nā Repubalika ("Me kēlā me kēia hōkuhi. Kāhea ʻia i ke kau inoa ʻana i kekahi o ka youtuber PewDiePie nui, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka pono. “Kuhi, hana, a kaʻana i nā memes. Ua hana lākou i nā hana ʻōiwi no nā lāhui ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, "i kākau ai ʻo ia.
Kani ʻia mai ka hoʻolaha o Brenton Tarrant i nā ʻoihana pūnaewele
I ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻolaha ʻo ia i ke ola ma ka Pūnaewele, a ʻoiai ua hoʻopau koke ʻo Facebook, Instagram a me Twitter i kāna mau moʻokāki, e loaʻa hou ana ka palapala ma ka Pūnaewele. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka pālahalaha me nā huaʻōlelo "E hoʻomaka ka hui" ʻoiai ke kaʻa nei i ka kaʻa i hele pū ʻia e ke mele propaganda ʻo Serbia ikaika, a ma ka noho mua a ma ka ʻeke ua loaʻa iā ia nā puʻu ponoi ponoʻī, i paʻi ʻia me nā mea kākau. ʻO ka mea hoʻoweliweli iā ia iho i pena.
Nānā nā mea nūpepa mai kēlā me kēia lā ʻo Sabah i nā mea i kākau ʻia e pili ana i nā mea kaua - ma ka slogans e like me "Eia ʻoe, he kuʻikahi no nā malihini" a me "huaʻōlelo 14," ua kākau ʻo Tarrant ma kāna mau kiʻi i haʻi ʻia. Ma keʻano kūikawā, aia kekahi mau pūʻali koa i alakaʻi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka Mō'ī Ottoman (no ka laʻana, ka mea kaulana o ke kaua 17th o Tureke-Venetian, ʻo Bayo Pivlyanin a me ka Lūkini weliweli Lūkini ʻo Dmitry Senyavin). Ua nānā pono ʻo Tarrant i kāna poʻe kuʻuna - ma nā puʻu, ua kākau ʻo ia e pili ana i ka mea hoʻokūkū i Italia no ka ʻaina ʻana i nā kānaka Aferika, ʻo Luca Traini, a me Alexander Bisonnett, ka mea i wehe i ke ahi i loko o kahi hale pule ma Quebec.
Nā kiʻi ʻāno mai ka moʻolelo Twitter a Brenton Tarrant
Ma kēia manawa ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka nui o ka pōpilikia ma ia ʻāina a pau, pani ʻia nā hale pule a pau loa i loko o Aotearoa. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi aupuni kūikawā a hiki i ke ahiahi ma Christchurch: ua pani ʻia nā kula, ua noi ʻia nā poʻe noho kūloko e haʻalele i ka home, a noho mau ka mākaʻi. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kiʻi o nā mea make.
Ma kāna kamaʻilio ʻana, ua kāhea ʻia ke kuhina nui o New Zealand, ʻo Jacinda Ardern, i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka mea hoʻoweliweli: e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea hoʻonani. I ka wīwī, no ka mea mākou e kū ai no ka ʻokoʻa. He hale mākou no nā mea e kaʻana like i kā mākou mau waiwai, i puʻuhonua no ka poʻe pono. ʻAʻole hoʻi e hōʻake ʻia kahi mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia mau kumu. "
He manu manu kele ka Penguin!
ʻO kekahi o nā maka pono o kā mākou huakaʻi e hele ai i ʻAzeneteria: e ʻike i nā penguins kokoke. Aia he ʻelua ala maʻamau no kēia: ka papaʻa ma nā penina Valdes a me kahi hoʻokipa mai Ushuaia. Eia nō naʻe, i Pepeluali, ʻaʻole nui ʻo Valdes i ka manawa - ʻaʻohe nā iʻa, a me ka logistically ʻaʻole ia i maʻalahi loa no mākou. Ma Ushuaia, aia nō ʻelua mau pōkole: kumukūʻai a me ka papahana. ʻAʻole hoʻi ʻoe e haʻalele i ka moku i ka manawa (kaumaha), a i ʻole me ka hui hoʻokahi e hiki ai i ka pae ʻāina (150US $ i kēlā me kēia kanaka, mai hoʻokokoke i nā peluins).
I ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo wau no ka penguins e hele mākou i ke kūlanakauhale o Puerto San Julian. ʻAʻole ʻo ia ka wahi mākaʻikaʻi, i kū i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻokoʻa e kahi ʻoihana hoʻokahi. Eia eia ko mākou moku:
Ma ka huina, he 9 mau kānaka ma luna o ka moku, he mea pono ke kau inoa kekahi no kahi lele.
I ka holo ʻana aku i ka mokupuni me nā peluins, hiki i ke ʻano ke nānā aku i nā ʻano kahakai.
. ^ E Ha yM. nā manuʻa, a me nā penguins afloat. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kiʻi ke kiʻi aku iā lākou, me ka wikiwiki loa o nā mākela, a make ka poʻe pelu ma mua o ka lawa ʻana o ka waʻa.
Akā pololei mai ka moku ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o nā kaona o ke kūlanakauhale (ʻelua). ʻO ka mokulele (pae ʻia i ke mokulele i kēia wā ma ke kaua Malvinas).
. ^ E Ha yM. a he mea hana hou o ka moku a Magellan:
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kau ma luna, aia kekahi hale moʻomeheu liʻiliʻi, nani, akā, ʻaʻole hoʻohālikelike. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka nui o nā malihini haole e ka manaʻo ʻo ka mea mālama mea kiʻi kiʻi iā ia me mākou. :) Akā naʻe wau i haʻalele mai ke kumuhana. No laila, pae mākou i ka mokupuni:
Uaʻike koke ʻoe iā ʻoe e like me kahi ʻano i loko o nā puke a Jules Verne: ma kahi mokupuni, wao nahele, ʻumi tausani mau manu ka poʻe makaʻu piha ʻole i nā kānaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, no kēia pono ʻoe e nānā i ke kūlanakauhale - ua kokoke loa ia.
Pae aku ʻo Penguins i kēia moku e pili ana. I ka Pepeluali, ʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻōpio i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka molting.
Eia kekahi i nā penguins, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu ʻē aʻe:
He manawa ʻole mākou i ka mokupuni: ua noi wale mai ke kāpena iā mākou e holo mamao.
Pehea ʻoe i hiki ai i nā penguins? ʻAe, pēlā nō:
Ua mālie ka hapa nui, akā aia kekahi, ke ʻike aku nei lākou i kahi mea e hoʻokokoke ana, e hoʻomaka ana e lūlū i ko lākou poʻo.
Hoʻopaʻa akamai ma nā kumulāʻau lāʻau.
ʻO kahi bonus hou i kipa ʻia i nā koloni cormorant ʻelua.
ʻO ka pali palu ma lalo o ko lākou mau wāwae he mau pōhaku. ʻO ia ka waiwai nui loa a nā poʻe kaua i hoʻoʻau ʻia - guano. ʻOiaʻiʻo, liʻiliʻi ka pānaʻu ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu loa ka mea ʻala. Maanei ʻaʻole mākou i hele i ka pae, akā ua kokoke nā manu.
I ka kolone lua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lehulehu. Hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano cormorant wale nō.
ʻO kekahi uku nui aʻe o kēia huakaʻi hele nei ke kumukūʻai: hāʻawi mākou ma kahi o 110 kālā no ʻelima. A ma ke ahiahi hele akula mākou i kahi huakaʻi ma ke kahakai ma kahi ala kupaianaha loa, akā, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ia ʻaoʻao.
ʻO Pischa
He manu liʻiliʻi ʻo Pisukha mai ke kauoha a Passeriformes, ʻelima
Kohana Pisukh. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka ʻōpū, ua like ka ʻano o ka plumage, a ulaula ka lā, a hina ka ʻōpū i ka ʻalani. Kōkua ka lōʻihi a me ka huluhulu huluhulu kōkua iā ia e kū pololei i luna o ka lāʻau. Heʻuʻuku ka lōʻihi o ka beak, a kahihi ʻia i lalo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka meaʻai i ka māhele o nā manu i ko mākou ulu lāʻau, akā ʻaʻole kēlā me nā ʻaoʻao a pau e hopu i ka maka.
He manu kue nui ka Pika. Mahalo i ke kala o ka plumage, he mea maoli
hui pū me ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau. Ma muli o kona ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e ʻai ka manu ma ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, no laila neʻe mau a ʻimi nei i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka neʻe o ka ʻaoʻao o ka pika he mea hoʻomanaʻo nui loa i kahi nuthatch. Akā me kekahi
kahi mea nui koʻikoʻi - e kahe wale ia mai ka lalo a ma lalo. Ke kū nei
lāʻau ʻē aʻe no ka meaʻai, paʻa kēia manu hulu
ka honua ponoʻī a hoʻomaka i kāna piʻi wikiwiki i luna. A pēlā me ke kū ʻole. Akā ʻaʻole makemakeʻo ia e lele.
ʻO ka manawa mua wau i ʻike ai i ka pika ʻo Dekemaba 28, 2018. ʻAe, ʻae, ʻo ia kaʻu mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i kēia hālāwai no kēia manawa, no ka mea, ʻo ke kiʻi kumu mua iā ia i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kaʻu parade kikoʻī o ka manu "photo-zebest". ʻO ke ʻano, ua aloha nō wau iā ia, no laila mai ka wā i hele pinepine mai ai ka pika ma mua o kuʻu mau maka. ʻOiai he ʻakaʻaka, akā i ka hapanui o kēia manu e mālama pono i ka ʻike maka peripheral. No ka mea, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka camouflage, ʻike ʻoe iā ia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia, mai ke kihi o ka maka.
Eia hou, hele hewa ka hapalua o nā kiʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻouka
Zaryanka
He inoa inoa kēia manu nani. ʻIke ka honua iā ia me ke ao, kahi robin, ke kakahiaka, ke kakahiaka. Akā no kekahi mau kumu makemake wau i ka zaryanka wale nō.
He manu liʻiliʻi ʻo Zaryanka, ma kahi he 14 cm lōʻihi.ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi pākeke he 15 wale nō ka mika, nā wingpan mai 17 a 20 cm.
E palupalu a nā pua, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ke kino, ʻo ia ke kumu e nānā nui ai nā zaryanka a me ke ʻano, e like me ka ʻōpio. ʻO kēia mau wāwae lōʻihi nā wāwae ikaika, kahi e lele koke ai i ka ʻōpū. He ʻōuli hina ka manu, ke mua, ka ʻōpū, ka umauma a me ka ʻāpana o ke poʻo ka ʻula, a keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka manawa mua loa wau i hālāwai ai i kahi zaryanka i ka manawa anu o ka makahiki 2017. No laila, i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu manu, ʻaʻole wau e hele kahi hele ma ka ulu lāʻau. Mahalo i kaʻu mea i hele mai ai ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o kēia pōpō lau ʻili, e noho ana ma kahi lālā. Ma ke ala, ʻike nui ka zaryanki me nā mea o waho, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke kiʻi pono ʻia. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma ka ulu lāʻau mai ʻApelila a ʻOkakopa.
He leo hoʻohanohano ʻo Zaryanka a hīmeni mai ka wanaʻao (a laila ka inoa) a awakea. Eia kekahi, mele nā kāne o nā kāne a pau, kahi ʻaneʻane no nā mele mele. Me kahi bluethroat a me ka reed-badger, ʻo ia nō ma waena o nā mea aloha ʻekolu o kāna mau mele - ua ʻimi ʻo ia i ka phonogram mai ke kelepona. I ka wā holo, hiki i ka hōʻaha ma lalo o kēia uhi leo kani, ua hiki iaʻu ke hoʻokokoke aku i ka zaryaniks ma kahi kiko pihi, ma kahi mamao loa 2 mika. Ma ka manawa like, ua hoʻolohe pololei lākou iaʻu "iaʻu", ʻaʻohe me ka haʻalele ʻole, a pane wale i loko o nā pau. ʻOhea kāu e ʻōlelo ai, e ke ʻano maikaʻi, ʻaʻole e like me ka hoʻokaumaha o ka nightingale.
I kēia makahiki ua ʻike mua au i ka zaryanka mau lā i ka lā ma mua, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻoholo ai wau e kākau.
I nā kiʻi hope aʻe 4, aia he mau'ōpio.
ʻO ka pua ʻōpiopio ʻoi loa ka manu o ka honua
I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka manu manuahi kahiko loa o ka honua, he 68 mau makahiki ʻōpio mau makahiki heʻeleʻele na nbatross i kapa ʻia ʻo Wizdom: i ka lā Dekemapa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō i hoʻi hou aku i ka wahi moe, akā ua waiho pū kekahi. E like me ka mea i huli ai, ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau ma ka ʻohana albatross: inā ua ʻike kēia poʻe ʻepekema i kahi moa hani. E like me kā lākou koho, ʻo kēia ka 37th "keiki" Wizdom.
Nā Hana Chatham Albatross
I ke kiʻi, ʻo nā pua o ka Chatham albatrosses (Thalassarche eremita) e noho ana ma nā nēnē, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā barrles a me nā pā pā panawai. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano nui mai ka lepo a me ka pālolo e nā albatrosses hema. Kūʻai pinepine lākou ma nā kahakai kaila, kahi o ke kuʻi e huki ai i ka nui o ka overcooling, a ʻole hoʻi i ka haki ʻana me kahi "kū". ʻAi ke kāne a me ka wahine i mau ʻōpala o ka ʻāina ma ko lākou mau puʻu, pōkole o ka mauʻu a me ka moss a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe mai ka pili koke o ka pūnana, a laila hipa me kāna mau wāwae. Hiki i kahi kāne ke hoʻohana i ka pūnana like no nā makahiki he nui, hoʻonui a kūkulu i kēlā.
ʻO Chatham Albatross, e like me nā ʻelele'ē aʻe o ka ʻano ʻano Mollimauk, ʻokoʻa loa ia e pili ana i nā palena o albatross. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku kona mau eheu i ka 2.2 m, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea nui o nā ʻohana albatross ka nui i hiki i ka 3.5 m - ʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi manu ola ʻē aʻe. Pono kēlā mau ʻēheu lōʻihi e albatrosses no kahi ʻano holoʻokoʻa kūikawā - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Dynamic soaring, i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ke hana i nā lehelehe ʻēheu no ka manawa lōʻihi: hiki iā lākou ke uhi i nā wahi mamao loa me ka ikaika liʻiliʻi a hiki ke hele aku i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 85 km / h. Hoʻolilo kaho ʻo Chatham albatrosses i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki ka hele ʻana ma luna o ka hapa hema o ka Moana Pakipika - mai Australia a ʻo Chile, e makemake ana i ka ʻāina o kēia manawa o Peruvian.
Akā no ka hānai ʻana, hoʻi nā mākaukau o nā ʻano like ʻole i kahi mokupuni a hoʻokahi - The Pyramid, ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā mokupuni ʻo Chatham, e waiho ana ma ka hikina o Aotearoa. E noho ana ka mokupuni i kona inoa: he alaʻo ia, ʻaʻohe o nā mea kanu lāʻau lāʻau, kokoke i ka conical rock.
ʻO Albatross ka hoʻomaka ʻana mai ʻAukake a ʻApelila. Pono a 70 mau lā no ka male e hoʻopili i hoʻokahi hua manu. I ka manawa o ka mālama ʻana i nā moa, noho nā manu makua ma loko o ka 300 km o ka mokupuni, a e hānai iā lākou ʻaʻole wale i ka iʻa, squids, barnacles a me ka krill, akā ʻo ka ʻōpū ʻōpū, kahi i hoʻoili ʻia i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi loa i ka ʻoi aku ka mākaʻi pale - ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pnike, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e skuas, nā gull nui a me nā mea hoʻohālua.
Hoʻolilo ʻo Chicks i loko o nā nests no hoʻokahi mau makahiki a keu paha, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole e waiho iā lākou. Hele ka wā, ʻoi aku ka ʻike ʻana o nā mākua me ka meaʻai, akā hoʻohana nā keikikāne i ke koena momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia: ma ka hānai ʻana ka nui, lilo lākou i kaumaha ma mua o ko lākou mau mākua. Hoʻololi ʻia ka lole lole downy e nā hulu manu, nā manu ʻōpio i ʻō pinepine ʻia i ko lākou mau eheu, a laila hoʻokahi lā maikaʻi a lele wale lākou i ka moana ākea a hoʻomaka e hānai iā lākou iho.
E like me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe ma ka Moana Pakipika, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Chatham Archipelago no kāna hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻokoʻa, kahi i loaʻa ʻole i nā manu. Ua aneane nui lākou a pau ma hope o ka holo ʻana o ka mokupuni no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka poʻe. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me Chatham petroetics (Petroica traversi) i hoʻopakele ʻia mai ka nalowale, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe - ma waena o lākou ʻo Chatham penguin (Eudyptes chathamensis) - nalowale āpau. Nani ka noho ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā mokupuni no ka mea nui ka nui o nā wai ākea no lākou. ʻO Albatrosses kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe: ʻo kēia mau manu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe e lele ana ma luna o ka moana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kauoha o nā petrel-ʻano, a i ʻole tubular-nosed, nona nā albatrosses, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi kiʻekiʻe philopathy (mai nā Helene "aloha no ka makua kāne") - pili i ka wahi o ka hānau.
ʻO Chatham Albatross ma ka pūnana manu hoʻokahi. Photo mai nzbirdsonline.org.nz
Hoʻomaka ʻo Chatham albatrosses i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka makahiki ʻeono-ʻehiku o ke ola o ia makahiki, a ma hope o nā makahiki he nui kā lākou ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka mokupuni liʻiliʻi o lākou i hānau mua ai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, kahi kūpono kēia: ma ke ʻano o kou mau kūpuna, na ke keiki ʻē aʻe ʻoe, a ma waho aʻe, aia paha nā manu ʻē aʻe ma ka mokupuni e mākaukau e hoʻopaʻa. Ma ke ala, ʻano puka ʻo nā albatrosses no ke ola a hui hou i nā pōkā manuahi e hiki mai ana. Akā ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ma muli o kēlā pili pili i nā pūnaewele hoʻokaʻawale, lohi ʻo ka noho ʻana. A inā nānā ka lehulehu o ka lahilahi no ka lihi iki o ke kahakai, a laila hiki i kahi manawa pākino ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka hopena o nā ʻano holoʻokoʻa.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia me Chatham albatross: i ka makahiki 1985, hōʻeha nui kekahi ʻino i kahi lepo a me nā mea kanu o ka mokupuni, ka mea i hōʻemi nui nei i ka kūleʻa o ka ulu. A lohi ka nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ma albatrosses: ʻānai nā manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua a waiho i hoʻokahi hua hoʻokahi. Ua hala he 15 mau makahiki e hoʻihoʻi hou ai i ka heluna o nā kānaka; ʻoiai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka 2000, ua noho mau kona heluna ma kahi he mau a emi iki paha - e pili ana iā 16 tausani mau manu, kahi iā 11000 mau mea i hoʻopili. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka poʻe i ulana ʻia i ka hapa nui o ka albatrosses - ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele (Phoebastria immutabilis) - ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua miliona mau huina. Akā ʻo kā lākou helu i kēia manawa, auē, ke emi nei.
Hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe philopathy ke hana pū i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea hou hou. Hiki paha iā ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokō ke kuleana ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke Chatham albatross a me ʻelua mau mea kokoke - ke albatross keokeo keokeo a me ka albatross Salvin's albatross. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau holoholona ma mua o Chatham Albatross: ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou lehulehu ma ia manawa, a ua ʻike ʻia nā koloka puaʻa no kēlā A hiki i kēia manawa, like like ʻole kēlā me kēia ʻano like ʻole a hiki i kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia he mau subspecies, akā naʻe, hōʻoia ka DNA loiloi i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻokahi, ʻoiai nui ka loaʻa iā ia ma ka wā i hala.
Kahi ʻia "kolamu" a Chatham albatrosses ma ka pale i pale o ke kahakai o Chatham Island. Ua neʻe ʻia nā moa hipa Downy mai nā kolone i nā mokupuni ʻo Pyramid e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā manu makua, e hāʻawi ana i ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻano like o kā lākou ʻano. Photo mai taiko.org.nz
I kēia mau lā, ke mākaukau nei ka loli honua i nā ho'āʻo hou no nā manu o nā kapakai: ʻoiai, i kēia manawa ke nui a hōʻeha nui loa. Eia kekahi, loaʻa pinepine nā kolikoli moana i nā kiʻī a me nā mea kino ʻē aʻe i hoʻolauna ʻia e nā kānaka, a mai kahi ʻohi hua ʻole. E pale i ke albatross o Chatham, nā mea mālama o New Zealand, i hui pū ʻia e ka Taiko Trust kūloko kaiaulu, he hana maoli no ka titanic. No ka mea ʻaʻole makemake ka albatrosses e hoʻoponopono iā lākou iho, ua hoʻokumu lākou i kahi kolamu hou no laila.
I ka papahana nui o Albatross Translocation, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mikimoka mau miliona o ka Chatham albatross i lawe ʻia i wahi e pale ʻia ai ka paia ma ke kahakai komohana o Chatham Island, ka nui loa o nā mokupuni o ka mokupuni. Kahi pono ua pono nā pua pua maoli - ke kālike pono nei lākou i nā nests maoli o nā albatrosses.
ʻO ka hope o ka Chatham albatross o ka pīhoihoi i pio i kahi kolone hou ma Chatham Island, ma hope koke o ka haʻalele ʻana mai ka ʻōpū. Ma ke kua aia he hiʻohiʻona o kahi manu makua. Photo mai taiko.org.nz
Ma hope o ka halihali, ua hānai ka pūʻali koa holoʻokoʻa i nā pōpoki me ka hui ʻana o ka iʻa a me cumi. Ma loko oʻelima mau makahiki o ka papahana - mai ka 2014 a 2018 - pono ka poʻe keiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 18 mau mea momona! A i ʻApelila 2018, ua haʻalele ka albatross hope i kāna kūlohelohe. I ka makahiki aʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo ana nā manu o ʻeono makahiki, ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kahi o ka kolone hou, hiki iā ia ke hoʻi hou a hoʻomaka ka hana aloha no ka mea maoli. ʻO kēia ʻano hana e hoʻohuli hou ʻia ma mua o nā ʻano albatrosses ʻē aʻe.
Nui nā pilikia e kali ana i ka albatross i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. E like me nā kai kūloko ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka albatrosses me ka leʻaleʻa e hele pū me nā moku lawaiʻa, ʻai ʻana i ka make i ke kai. ʻO ka make pinepine lākou no ka hoʻowalewale ʻia ʻana i ka ʻupena lawaiʻa (e ʻike iā Gillnetting) a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana i nā puhani pihi no ka lawaiʻa lōʻihi. ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻana o kēia ʻano lawaiʻa i ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana i nā mea hōʻeha - nā mea kāpae, nā mea lawaiʻa kūikawā e waiho nei i ka hoʻopukapū i kahi hohonu ʻole i ʻike ʻia e nā manu, a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka pōʻeleʻele inā ʻaʻole ʻā nā manu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau ʻōnaehana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā albatrosses 8,000, a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe a me nā lau, make i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka lawaiʻa lōʻihi.
He ʻenemi kūlohelohe kekahi albatrosses - nā kohola luku, nā māka, nā liona kai a me nā leopards kai. ʻAi ka hopena o Albatrosses i nā makahiki mua o ke ola: ma ka awelika, ʻo 10-20% wale nō nā manu e ola a hiki i ka wā makua. I nā manu pākeke, liʻiliʻi ka make ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, a hiki ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā albatrosses i nā makahiki he 50 a ʻoi aku kēia - e koi ana kēia no ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohuli. Ke lana, hoʻomaka nā hana mālama e kōkua i ka Chatham albatross e neʻe mai ka laina makaʻino kahi i pili nui ai kona mau hoahānau.
Ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ke keʻena a waiho ʻia i mua o ke kāmera. ʻO ka mea i ʻike ʻia he monster, ke kihi, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe. A pehea kāna hana ʻino ʻana e kamaʻilio me ka luna kānāwai. ʻO kēia kahi Kāleanʻo Brenton Tarrant. ʻO ka mea i hala, he kanaka maoli o ka papa hana, he kanaka keʻokeʻo maʻamau - ʻo ia nō kēia ke ʻōlelo nei iā ia iho.
Maraki 15, 13:30. Hoʻomaka ʻo Tarrant i ka hoʻolaha pāheona. ʻO ka mea mua, kani ke mele Serbian mai ka manawa o ke kaua ma Yugoslavia, kani ka hele ʻana o ka hīmeni grenadiers Pelekane i mua o ka hale pule. I kēia manawa, ua kū aku kāna mea i mālama, ke mālama nei iā ia i kekahi hale pule.
ʻelima mau minuke - 50 make. Panting, makaʻu maoli anei? Akā, e noho ana ma hope o ka huila, e wehewehe pono ʻo ia iā ia i kēia ala: "Makemake nui wau, ʻaʻohe ala e alualu ai i ke kumu maʻamau, nui nā kuʻuna nui." A hoʻomau mau e pana aku mai ke kaʻa. A hiki i ka mākaʻi e hele i ka hipa kāne a kau i ka maka ma ka asphalt. Ma ka ʻōpala e loaʻa i nā mīkini explosive improvised.
Nā kikoho a me nā ʻōheu mai ke kūlanakauhale malū o Kalikimaka e hoʻokū ʻo Aotearoa, a ma waho aʻe o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO wai lā ʻo Brenton Tarrant? E alakaʻi koke ʻia kēia nīnau i ka inoa o kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli - Anders Breivik.
Ua pepehi ʻo Breivik i ka poʻe nāna i kuhikuhi i ka wehe o ka ʻāina no ka poʻe malihini. Kāʻe akula ʻo Tarrant i kahi hale pule. A ke hoʻomaka nei nā mea like. Ua paʻi ʻo Tarrant i kahi manamana ma ka Pūnaewele, e like me Breivik i ʻewalu mau makahiki i hala. 74 mau ʻaoʻao mai kahi Australia - ʻo 20 kēia mau manawa ma mua o kahi o nā Norewani. Akā ʻo nā huaʻōlelo like ʻole: ka makeʻe kanaka, ke hoʻomohala kanaka demographic a pēlā aku, ka mea, i ka manaʻo o nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻelua, e hana pū ana me kēia lāhui Western. Ua kākau ʻo ia aia no kēia mau mea no ke ola o ko mākou poʻe a no ka wā e hiki mai ana nā keiki keʻokeʻo.
Ua ninaninau ʻo Tarrant iā ia iho ma kahi hōʻailona - ua hoʻohana ʻo Breivik i ka palapala like. I loko o ia mau pane, pane akula ʻo ia i ka nīnau: no ke aha ia i hoʻoholo ai e hoʻouka i nā moske ma Aotearoa, kahi i hana ai ka poʻe Muslim i kekahi meaʻoi aku ma mua o ka pakeneka?
Palena wahine Brenton"ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ma Aotearoa nei e hoʻokokoke pono ai i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kā mākou sivila a me nā mea i kū ʻole i ka honua."
A i kēia manawa no ka ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi. "He manawa pōkole wau me Breivik. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i kaʻu misioni ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kona poʻe, "kākau ʻo Tarrant.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo Breivik, ua paio ʻo ia: ma hope ona e kū ana ka pona ʻūhū huna pololei o ka "Temepela hou." ʻOiai inā hoʻopunipuni ia, e like me ka mea e hoʻokipa ai ia i kahi kanaka hou mai ka hale paʻahao.
ʻO Geir Lippestad, ua haʻi aku ʻo Breivik ma mua: “Ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi kīʻaha i piha me nā ʻono a me nā palapala kupaianaha. ʻAʻole kēia noʻu, akā no Breivik mai kāna mau hoa mai ka honua a pau. "
Akā aia nō paha hiki i kekahi ke nānā pono i nā ʻike o kēia mau leka a me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana a ka mea hoʻoweliweli ma Aotearoa nei he hana hewa maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi o nā lawelawe kūikawā no Norewai?
Aia i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua, nā mana ʻelua o ka pāpā. ʻO ka mua: ʻaʻohe ʻōiwi maoli ke loiloi a hiki iā lākou ke pule i nā akua ʻē loa ʻē aʻe. A ʻo ka lua: nānā maoli ko mākou honua me ka hale aniani olakino i ʻole e hoʻolei aku i nā pōhaku ma kahi hoa noho. I kahi ia, a ma hea ka manawa e pane ai ka pane no ka pā pana ma Christchurch, i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea e wānana.