ʻO ka Ophiuri ma waena o nā echinoderms ka holoholona nui loa. Ua neʻe lākou me ke kōkua o nā hihi, a i kekahi manawa wale nō no kēia kumu ua hoʻohana lākou i nā wāwae ambulacral. ʻOiai ke loaʻa o nā ophiurs i kahi radiation radiation, hana lākou e like me nā holoholona simmmally symmetrical i ka neʻe ʻana. Eia kekahi, neʻe i kā lākou ʻelua a ʻehā paha beam mau lima i ka neʻe ʻana o ka nalu, a me ko lākou mau lāʻau i hoʻolōʻihi ʻole ai i kēia manawa ke kuhikuhi i ka hope a i hope paha, a hoʻokiʻu ʻia ka pā ma luna o ka papa.
Kākau ʻia i ka ophiur, aia kekahi mau ala ʻē e neʻe ai. No laila, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano o ke ʻano ophiur, hopu i nā mea me hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau hihi, i huki ʻia iā lākou, ʻoiai ke neʻe ʻia nei e nā ʻili o ke koena. Aia kekahi ʻano nō kekahi, ʻoiai me ka hala o nā ampoule a me nā kīʻaha inu, e hoʻohana i nā wāwae ambulacral i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, e pili ana iā lākou e kūleʻa i kahi ʻāʻeke. Ma kahi pālahalaha, e like me nā paia o ke aniani o ka māka aku, hiki i ka snaketail ke holo aku me nā wāwae ambulacral. Ma kēia hihia, nā hunaʻi o nā cell glandular o ka ophiur i huna i kahi māhu kohu kūikawā, no ka mea ke kūpaʻa ko lākou mau wāwae i ka lepo o ka substrate. Hoʻokomo ka mea nui i nā wāwae ambulacral a i ka wā ke eli ai ka ophiur i ka lepo.
Hoʻāla wale nā hihi a me nā wāwae o ka ophiur i ka neʻe ʻana ma ka substrate, akā e hana pū i kekahi kikowaena i ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai a me kāna holomua i ka waha. ʻAi pū lākou i ka snaketail like me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a me ka detritus, a ʻo kekahi mau ʻano makemake ke algae wale nō.
Lawe ʻia nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai ophiura i ka waha me nā wāwae, a hoʻopili ʻia nā holoholona nui i nā ʻili, ʻo ia, ke alapine, e hāʻawi pololei iā lākou i ka waha. I nā ophiur maʻEulopa, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o kā lākou ʻōpū, detritus, a me nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi, polychaetes, mollusks, echinoderms ʻōpio a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke kumu o ka ʻai (ma kahi o 75-90%). Inā e mālama ʻia lākou i nā loko o ka loko, hiki ke hānai iā lākou me nā iʻa ʻoki ʻia.
Hiki i ka Ophiuras ke hoʻomaopopo koke i ka pio ma kahi mamao, a ma hope o lākou e iho nei i laila. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina kūikawā ʻo ia nā wāwae ambulacral e hopohopo nei i nā huhū meaʻai. A inā e pili ana nā wāwae ambulacral i ka pālolo meaʻai, a laila e kuhikuhi iā ia i ka nuku, a ʻike koke ʻia nā palu inedible oi.
ʻOluʻolu loa ka Ofiuri i nā hōʻuluʻulu ʻē aʻe, i ka māmā. pane koke lākou i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻOiai, ʻike iki ka mea liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā ʻuhane pili.
ʻO Bioluminescence kekahi ʻano o kekahi mau ʻano ophiur: i.e. hiki iā lākou ke kānana. Eia nō naʻe, maʻamau lākou i nā ʻula a me nā pono, a i kekahi manawa pale pale waha. ʻO kahi ʻulaʻula melemele-greenish kahi pane i ka hoʻonāukiuki o ka mechanical, no ka laʻana, e pili ana i ka ophiura. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻike o ka ʻōpala ophiur e nā copepods ʻano ʻē aʻe, e noho maʻamau i ko lākou kino, a ke piʻi pinepine i nā kino o ke keena.
ʻO ke ʻano ola kikowaena kaila o ka ophiur, me kahi ʻūhā ikaika hoʻi kekahi, e pale aku i nā ophiur mai ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā ʻenemi liʻiliʻi. Akā i ka ophiura hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ʻano o ka ciliates, me ka mollusks parasit, nā crustaceans, a me nā wīwī. I ka manawa like, nā liʻiliʻi a me nā mua a me nā mea hoʻonaninani o ka nui, ʻoiai lākou e hōʻike ʻia ana e nā holoholona mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻōnaehana like ʻole. I waena o nā copepods, aia kekahi mau ʻano pili i ka bursa o ka ophiur, e kau ana i ka nui o kā lākou hua ma loko o lākou, ka mea e hoʻopōʻalo i ka hoʻoponopono pilikino o kā lākou nona. Hiki i nā copepods pilikino ke hoʻoulu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻano nui o ka gallop-like me ke kumu o nā hihi snaketail.
Maʻa pinepine nā Ophiuras i ka noho mau i nā meaola ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, i waena o nā moʻo o nā urchins moana. No laila, ʻo ka ophiura liʻiliʻi ʻo Nannophiura lagani, ʻo kona ʻili pālua e pili ana i 0,5 mm, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia i ke ola ma ke kai urchin Laganum depressum. Kokoke ma ke alo o ka ʻaoʻao wai o kēia hedgehog mahele, kahi e neʻe ai mai kahi kuahiwi i kekahi, e like me ka moʻo ʻana o ka mōʻī lohi mai ka lāʻau a kekahi lāʻau. Noho pinepine ka poʻe ophiurs e noho i nā corals a me nā sponges. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele hehi 5-a mai ka subhula o ka ophiur kūleʻa e noho maʻamau i nā ʻano ʻehā, a ʻo kekahi kekahi e hānai i nā kiko palu o kā lākou mau haku.
ʻO ke cohabitation o ʻO Ophiomaza Ophiur me nā lilia kai ʻē aʻe. A ʻo ka Ophiomaza cacaotisa ophiura i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi kahawai lili o ka genus Comanthus, kahi kīʻaha e kakoo ikaika ai ia i nā ʻili. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka ʻili o nā ophiuras ma mua o nā echinoderms ʻē aʻe, akā ke nānā ʻia ke kala o ka ophiura Ophiomaza cacaotisa e like me ka mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau i nā kukū, kīmaʻama, brown a i ʻole nā melemele i loaʻa i ke kala o ka snaketail, i hoʻonani ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole o kahi kala hoʻohālikelike.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o nā fossil i ka ophiur, no laila ua mamao loa lākou. I ka manawa like, ma kahi o nā 180 o nā ophiur i hala i kēia manawa. ʻO ka poʻe ʻauhau ʻolua ma ka papa o ka ophiur e hoʻokaʻawale i nā 3 kauoha: ʻo ka ophiur maoli (Ophiurida), oegofiurida (Oegophiurida) a me frinofiurida (Phrynophiurida).
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona biology o Ophiura
ʻO waho, like nā ophiurs e like me ka starfish. Hōʻike ʻia ke kino e ka pā paku, a me 5-10 mau lōʻihi dexterous hihiu a i ʻole ke hoʻonohonoho hou aʻe nā lima lima mai ia.
ʻO ka pākuhi kikowaena me ka diameter o ka lōʻihi aʻe o 10 cm, hiki i nā lima ke lōʻihi i ka 60-70 cm. Na nā lima o ka huelo o ka nahesa i kau ʻia ka nui o nā vertebrae, nā pili o ka pihi intervertebral e hoʻopili ʻia iā lākou, no ka mea ua hana ʻia nā vertebrae.
Ophiuros (Ophiuroidea).
Hōʻike ka hapa nui o ka hapanui i ka hiki ke neʻe i nā ʻae i loko o ka mokulele, akā, hiki i ka euryalids ke kū i ko lākou mau lima i ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka waha.
He paʻakikī nā lika o ka ophiura, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao o waho a me loko. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao waho he nui o nā lensa mikroskopiko, hāʻawi lākou i ka ʻano like me kahi maka kuʻuna. ʻO ka ʻōpū a me ke kua hoʻi i uhi ʻia i nā unahi calareous. ʻEhā mau ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia pālani ʻehā. He aboral ka laina o luna, a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka waha (ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka waha), a me nā lālani ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao. Nā pala i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao. Aia nā ʻano ʻoka e uhi ʻia nā ʻili o waho.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Ophiuras i ke kūlana fossil mai ka Ordovician ma mua.
Ma ka waenakonu o ka ʻōpū o ka pūpū ka waha e loaʻa i ke ʻano o ka pentagon. ʻO kēia ʻano ma muli o kaʻoiaʻiʻo 5 mau kuki, ua lako ʻia me nā papillomas kūikawā, e holo koke i ka lua waha.
ʻĀnō ka ʻōpū i kahi ʻeke, noho ʻo ia i ka hapa nui loa o ka ʻōpala waena. ʻO kēia mau echinoderms ʻaʻohe nous. No ka hana hou, e hoʻohana ana ka snaketail i kahi bursa - kahi ʻeke i loaʻa kahi mea membranous, kahi e wehe ai nā gonads. ʻO nā wahi i kahe ai nā lehelehe i loko o nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā fissure bursal, aia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka disc.
ʻO ka hydraulic, ambulacral ofiur system ka maʻamau o nā echinoderms a pau, koe wale ʻole e lawelawe i ka snaketail no ka mea, ʻaʻohe o lākou mau ambulacral kīʻaha. Aia lākou ma nā lima ma waena o nā papa lateral a me ka'ōpū. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ka waiho ʻana o ke kala māmā no nā ophiur, aia nō nā kue he nani.
Ma kahi o 120 o nā ʻano ophiur e noho ma Rū.
ʻO kahi noho a Ofiura
ʻO ke ola kau o Ofiura e pili ana i ka lalo. ʻO kēia nā kānaka maʻamau o ka hohonu hohonu, a nui ka nui o ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana. Hōʻokoʻa ʻano o loaʻa ma nā kapakai, akā ola ka hapanui snaketail ma ka hohonu o kekahi mau tausani mika.
ʻAʻole he mau kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau abyssal i ke kiʻekiʻe, ua loaʻa ka hohonu loa i loko o ka hohonu, a me kahi hohonu o ka 6,700 mika. He ʻokoʻa nā wahi o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: ua koho nā ʻelele papa papa i nā ʻāpana kahakai, nā puaʻa puaʻa a me nā ʻalua he algae, nā mea aloha i ka hohonu hohonu.
Kū kaʻu ʻana i ka lepo, a waiho wale me nā ʻōlelo aʻo o kona mau hihi ma luna o ka ʻili. Nui nā ʻano ophiur coexist me ka leʻaleʻa ma waena o nā pono o ka urchins kai, i nā lālā coral a i nā sponges a me nā algae.
Ma nā wahi, he nui nā hōʻuluʻulu o nā ophiur, hana i nā biocenoses hoʻokaʻawale, noho he kuleana nui ma ke ola o nā kai kai. Kēia ʻano pili ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka wai o ka wai, ʻoiai lākou e ʻai nei i ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe, a, ʻo ka ʻai, nā meaʻai no nā ola kai.
‘:Lelo:
ʻO ka hapanui o ka ʻili o ka ʻona i ʻike ʻia no kēia ʻāpana kūikawā. Kuhi ʻia nā pāpaʻi o kēia ophiur i nā unahi, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻili me nā papa. ʻAʻole iki nā loiloi a emi iki ka ʻoi ma mua o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i nā mea hoʻokele mua. Kūleʻa lākou wale i ka mokulele lele, ʻoiai ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka vertebrae i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī - me ke kōkua o nā maʻi pā a me nā lua.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻohana nui loa o kēia kauoha, ʻo Ophiacantliidae (Ophiacantliidae), he nui nui o nā mea nui e pālahalaha ana i nā moana, a he nui o lākou e noho nei i nā hohonu hohonu. In ofpakantpd, ka waiho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka dorsal i uhi uhi ʻia e ka uhi uhi ʻole o ka manawaleʻa pākaha haʻahaʻa, spikop a needle, piʻi i nā pī o ka ʻōpala. Hāʻawi ʻia nā hāʻawi me nā helu he nui a lōʻihi o ka pono. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana ʻelua o ka ʻili o ke keiki (Ophiacanlha bidentata) ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka Artctic, Atlantika a me ka Pākīpika kai hohonu ma kahi mamao o 10 a 4500 m.ʻO kēia ophiura brown shallow, me kahi disc a hiki i 12 mm, he hiki ke hoʻomālamalama.
ʻO ka hiki i ka glow iʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma waena o nā mea ʻelele o kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe - ofiocomid (Ophiocomidae). ʻO Opliiopsila anniilosa lāua ʻo O. arenea e ulana nui loa, e noho ana i ka morgue Mediterranean "ma kahi hohonu o 100 m. ʻO kēia mau ophiurs e hoʻomaka e hoʻonoho me ka ʻāʻī iki ʻole. Nui ka pākuʻi pū me ka mea kani a i ʻole nā ʻūhā i ka pou o ke ophiura, no ka mea, e hoʻolala koke ana i kahi kukui mālamalama i ka wahi mua o ke pā, a laila e uhi ana ka māla i nā koena e koe. Me ka huhū hou aku, ua hākole kēia mau snaketail me kahi kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me he mea lā o ke kukui mai nā wahi holoʻokoʻa o ka ophiura. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻina loina o kēia mau ʻano i nā mea glandular cells, the secret of kumu that glow, loaʻa wale i nā wahi o ke kino ophiur. Hiki ke holo a pono nā ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū a me nā lateral of rays. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano mea i manaʻo ʻia ua kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i ko lākou ola. Eia nā ʻano ʻelua i ka pō, i ka lā e hūnā ai lākou i ke one. ”ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia i kēia mau holoholona i ka pō me ke kukui ʻole. Huli ka mea hōʻike i ka ophiur ʻai i ʻekolu mau wahi mai kahi o ka puʻukū, e waiho ana iā lākou i ka neʻe i ka kahe a pēlā ka hopu a kānana i ka pāʻai a me ka wai.
Nani loa ka nani o theionoma (Ophiocoma delicata), loaʻa i ka hohonu o 35 m ma ke kahakai hema o Australia. ʻO kēia ophiura he pentagonal liʻiliʻi, ʻōpae pālahalaha ʻo ka ʻalani cinnamon pale me nā wahi poepoe a oi paha, ʻo kēlā me kēia ma ka palena keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana he ʻelua mau leo: ke ʻeleʻele kekahi, a kokoke i keʻokeʻo kekahi, aia hoʻi ke nānā i nā hihi.
Ma nā lāʻau kalala o ka Pākīpika kahulapau, loaʻa pinepine ʻoe i kekahi ʻelemaka o keiocomid - Ophiomastix annulosa.
ʻO nā ʻano o ka ʻohana amphiurid (Amphiiiridae), ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i ka ʻili o ke kuhi waha, ma luna o ka mea e noho ai nā papila mua o ka papala. He mea mahalo loa ia e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka pū o ka ophiur i ʻoi aku ma mua o 170 mau makahiki i hala aku nei: ua ʻike ʻia ia i loko o ka pahu pahu o Amphipholis. Ka mea, ua ola wale ka poʻe ola, me ka mālamalama nui e hele mai ana mai ke kumu o nā pūlima, a me nā wāwae, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole e lailulu. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lihilihi no ka snaketail ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i nā ʻili e kū mai i ka wā e hoʻopā ai i nā ophiuras e hoʻoweliweli i ka iʻa e ʻai ai ma luna o lākou. Loaʻa nā luna e loaʻa ka ola. He pīhoihoi ia i kēia ophiura liʻiliʻi loa, nona ka lapalapa pākiha ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 4-5 mm, hiki iā ia ke hana pono i nā kūlana ola like ʻole a pālahalaha aku i nā wahi āpau a nā leona a me nā leo o nā loko. Hiki ke loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ke kai Barents. ʻAno ke kala a ʻulaʻula paha ka kala o ka ophiura. Noho ʻo ia ma ka littoral a iho i lalo i ka hohonu o 250 m. ʻO kēia snaketail he hermaphrodite. Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna mau huaʻai i bursa, a lihi loa ka wā hānau a loaʻa nā keiki i ka bursa i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole kupaianaha loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻākīhī o kēia ʻano ʻano me ka pā intact, ʻoiai hoʻi i lalo o ka pōʻino, ʻo ka ophiura e hoʻokuʻu i ka hapa o ka pākuʻi, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻōpū a me ka gonads. ʻAʻole liuliuli hou, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau.
Mālama ponoʻī ke ʻĀina ʻUwāhi kōhiʻo Stepanova (Amphiura stepanovi) e mālama i ka hua. Hiki i ka iʻa ʻōpio ma kāna bursa ke loaʻa i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka huli ʻana i ka hui kūloko o ka nui o ka papa inoa o Stepanov, ʻo D. M. Fedotov i loaʻa ka hopena o A. stepanovi he hermaphroditic ʻano, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā hānau hānau. Noho ʻia ʻo ia ma ke one a peʻe paha ma ke ʻā o nā ʻowala. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ophiura ma ke Kaiʻula i ka hohonu o 250 m, a me ke Kai no Marmara.
Ma ke Kaiwaenahonana, ma ke kahakai ʻEulopa o ka moana Atlantika a me ke kahakai komohana o ʻApelika, kahi noho kokoke i ka mea i mua ma mua - ola ʻo Amphiura chiajei. Ke kau nei i ke one, ʻili koke ʻo kēia snaketail i loko me ke kōkua o nā wāwae ambulacral, waiho wale nei i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o nā umu e kāloʻe ʻia ma luna o ka pā o ka ʻāina. Hoʻolako ʻo Ofiura i nā paia o ka pohō i hana ʻia ma ke one me ka mucus i ʻole lākou e hina, a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe o nā ʻola a me nā like ʻole e ʻike ʻia i nā kahe ʻana o ka wai ma nā pāhi, e hana ana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hanu. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o nā kuʻikahi i loko o nā kaola ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o 18 mau mahina ke noho nei nā ophiuras i kanu ʻia i loko o ke one me kahi ʻole o ka waiho ʻana iā lākou i kā lākou mana ponoʻī. Hiki iā lākou ke hana me ke kōkua o nā hihi i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi wale i ka lepo. ʻO ka ophiur i hānai i nā ʻāpana detritus i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai, nā mea i hopu ai iā lākou i nā hihi coccyx i hōʻike ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka lepo. Ua neʻe ʻia nā mea ʻonika maikaʻi i ka waha me ke kōkua o nā wāwae ambulacral, a ʻo nā ʻāpana nui i lawe ʻia e nā hihi. Ka mea, ua loaʻa ʻole kēia mea pili i ka mea ola kino. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻoi ʻia nā mea ʻai a pau i lawe ʻia i ka waha. ʻO nā ʻūhā kokoke loa i ka ʻina o ka meaʻai a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia. Ua hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā koena i loaʻa ʻole.
Hiki i nā ʻakanikela o ke ʻano ʻano ʻo Amphioura i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. No ka ʻike ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka antarctica Amphiura i nā wai Antartika. a ma ka mokupuni o ka moana Inikini, holveniles A. ʻaʻai A. stimpsoni. I ko mākou kai loko o East East, i ke Kai o Iapana, ma ke kiko o Tatar, i ke Kai o Okhotsk, i nā wai pāpaku o ka Honu Kuril Hema, he ophiura mū nui ʻulaʻula nui ʻo AmphioHia fissa e koho pinepine i nā hohonu hohonu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ke ʻai no ka iʻa ma lalo.
ʻAʻole i liʻiliʻi ma kā mākou kaiʻo East East a me nā ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika kahulani, a me nā Barents, White, a me Kara Seas, he spiny snaketail maikaʻi loa (Ophiopholus aculeata), no ka ʻohana o ka ophiactids (Ophiactidae). Loaʻa pinepine ia ma waena o nā pua o ka sponges, nā pōhaku, a me nā alikae a ka calacere ma ka hohonu o 5 a 500 m. Noho ʻia ka disk me nā manina liʻiliʻi, nui ka ʻāpana.
I ka ʻohana ophiactid, ʻike ʻia nā meaola manuahi e hiki ai ke hānau hou me ka hapa. ʻO nā virel ophiura ophiura Ophiaclis liʻiliʻi 6-beam, e noho nei ma ka moana Kaiʻāina a me ke kai Atlantika, i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka māhele ʻana i ke kino i nā ʻāpana ʻelua. Ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale hou nā ʻāpana i kēlā me ka lilo a lilo 6-beam, eia naʻe, ʻano nui ka nui o nā hihi. Ke ulu nei ka ulu ʻana o nā hihi ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana hou i ko lākou mau palena, no laila hele mai nā ʻāpana kahiko ma ke kumu o ke kolo.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Ophiotrichidae (Ophiotrichidae) i loko o ka wai kai ma nā ʻāoʻa coral. ʻano hiʻohiʻona e ka nele lākou i ka papillas waha, a ma luna o nā ʻūhā aia kahi hui o nā papila dental. ʻO ka disc o nā ophiotrichids i uhi ʻia me nā unahi, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia e ka uhi uhi nani o nā pākaha haʻahaʻa a me nā moina. ʻO lākou ke kala pinepine a loaʻa ke ʻano hoʻohālike. ʻO Ophiomaza sasalica, e noho ana ma nā lilia kai, i paʻi pinepine ʻia ke kala o ka hoʻopiʻi. ʻO ka nani o ka aniani o ka Ophiothrix coerulea. Ua loaʻa ma ka moana Pakipika e pili ana i ka mokupuni o Liu Kiu. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao iki o kēia ophiura he ʻano hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka pale ʻia o nā pale radial i ʻō ʻia e kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a me nā hihi me nā aniani nāʻeleʻele, ma waena o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e kū ana ma nā pale dorsal o nā hihi. ʻO nā ʻili kuʻi me ke aniani ka poni.
ʻO ka ophiura Ophiotlirichoides pulcherrima, loaʻa ma laila, ʻaʻole i nani. ʻO ka inoa o kēia snaketail i ka unuhi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Lūkia ʻo ia ka "ʻoi loa ka nani." ʻO kēia ophiura he disc me ke kūuli o ke aniani a me nā kaula melemele. Hōʻulu ka lemona me ka puʻupuʻu polū ākea ākea. Nā pale me nā pale pale aniani a me nā pale melemele dorsal. Pono nā maka o nā hihi me nā pōpoki.
ʻO ka mea wale nō o ka ʻohana Ophiotrichid i loko o kā mākou manu e loaʻa i kekahi manawa ma ke kahe ʻo ka Puhi Hema. He ophiotrix paliki loa kēia (Ophiothrix fragilis), pālahalaha loa ma ka moana Kaiika ma kahakai o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, a me ke Kaiʻula. Loaʻa ka ophiotrix unlessable mai ka littoral i ka hohonu o 1200 m. ʻO kēia ophiura e hānai nui ana i nā holoholona o lalo - nā ʻōpala, nā mollusks a me nā urchins wai liʻiliʻi. Noho ka ophiotrix brittle i nā hale ʻokoʻa, ma waena o nā pōhaku, i nā mea make ʻole o nā mollusks.
Kahi ka poʻe o ka ʻohana ofiodermatids (Ophiodermalidae) e kahele ʻia ana i nā wahiʻāina. Ke loko o ka Pūnaewele ʻo Mexico a me ke kai Caribbean, ke noho nei ka opioderma pōkole (Ophioderma brevispina) i ka littoral. ʻAʻole ia e like me nā ophiur e neʻe ana me ke kōkua o nā ʻili, hoʻohana kēia ophiura i nā wāwae ambulacral i ka wā neʻe, ke kāohi nei i ka luhi o ka substrate.
Ma ko mākou kai, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana nui o snaketail - ka ʻohana o Ophiuridae maoli. E pili ana kēia ʻohana i ka nui o ka Ophiura, kahi e pālahalaha loa ana i ke kai. ʻO ke ʻano nui o nā ʻano o ka ʻohana Ophiur ʻo Ophiura Sarsa (O. sarsi), he mea maʻamau loa ia i loko o ke kai ʻo Arctic, ma ke komohana ʻĀkau a me ko ka Pākīlika mai nā wai make mai a hiki i kahi 3000 m. ke kumu o nā ʻāpana ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ka lei, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia me nā papillomas, a me nā ʻīwī loloa.
Noho ʻo O. umllispina kokoke i ke kapakai o Aulalia, kahi kokoke i ka Sarsa ophiura i hōʻike ʻia i luna. Ua uhi ʻia hoʻi kona ʻōpala me nā papa nui, a he pōkole nā hihi, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ophiura he "stocky" nānā.
ʻO nā mea hou o ka hui kuʻuna o ka genus Amphiophiur (Amphiophinra). ʻOkoʻa kā lākou kapaʻa ”i uhi ʻia, uhi ʻia me nā puhaka, pinepine i ka papa, ka nui o nā hihi, ua like me ka ʻekahi i loko o ka ʻāpana kolepa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻano o kēia ʻanoʻano ma ka hohonu hohonu. Ke Kai o Okhotk, i ke kahakai ʻo Kurilika Hema, i ke kahakai o Iapana, a me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Alaska a me Kaleponi ma ka hohonu o ka 130 i 1076 m, ka ola o ka ophiura Amphiophinra pondcrosa. ʻO kēia coral red ophiura kekahi o ka nui i loko o ka pihi o ka ophiur maoli. ʻO kona kaʻaila, i uhi ʻia me nā papa palaka nui, i kekahi manawa ke anawaena o 5 cm, a ʻo nā ʻāpana he 4 a 5 mau manawa ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpala.
ʻO nā ʻelele o ka hua'ōlelo Ophiopleura (Ophiopleura) he pā, ua uhi ʻia me nā ʻili palupalu, e hūnā ana i nā paina liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā mea maʻamau a ma nā kai ʻākau o O. borcalis. ʻIke ʻia ka maka o ka disc. ʻO kēia kekahi o ka ophiur nui loa, ʻo ka ʻāpana o kona kōkana i kekahi manawa ma mua o 4 cm.ʻalani ʻulaʻula, a ʻoniʻula paha.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā kuʻikahi o ka ʻohana o kēia ophiur i nā wai Antartika. Ke mālama nei kekahi o lākou i ka hua. ʻO ka hoihoi kūikawā, ʻo ia ʻo Ophionolns hexaclis, nona nā mea kanu i ulu i loko o nā ovaries o ka wahine. ʻO kēia ophiura ʻaina ʻeono pāleka i hoʻoneʻe ʻia me ka nui o ka disoka ma kahi o 3 cm mau ʻia e loaʻa ana ma nā kahe hohonu o Kerguelen Island. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka disc wahine e ka nui o nā kōmona, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpū o ka disc he hiki i 1 cm a ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā ʻae he 2.5 cm. ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kahi ophiura liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻohua nei nā hua i koe, hiki iā ia ke hele i nā meaʻai o ka ʻōpū e ulu ana. Pehea ke ʻano o ka lulu ʻia ʻana o nā hua. ʻO ka mea, ke komo nei ka sperm i ka bursa me ka kahe mau o ka wai. Hele mai nā ophiur liʻiliʻi, malia ma o ka fissure bursal, hoʻemi nui ʻia ka ovary i hoʻoneʻe ʻia.
ʻAʻohe pīhoihoi wale ka ʻili o ka nahesa, me ko lākou ʻano kūlike e like me kahi mea ma waena o kahi hōkū a me kahi ophiura. Mai eia mai kā lākou inoa - starfiura (Astrophiura). Akā, e hōʻike pololei ana i kēia mau holoholona i mea ʻole o lākou mea pili i nā hōkū, akā he mea maoli maoli nō. Loaʻa iā lākou ka nui o nā papa pā disk a ulu nā kukui a hoʻoulu i nā mea e like me ka pale, a ʻo nā wahi manuahi o nā hihi ua lilo i mea koʻikoʻi. ʻO kēia mau māhele o nā hihi ua hoʻohemo i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me nā dorsal scutes, a me nā pume ambulacral ma ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae. ʻAʻole maopopo ka ola kino o kēia ʻano ophiur. Eia nō naʻe, ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka pale pale disk, ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o nā wāwae ambulacral o ka pale pale i hōʻike i ka starfiura i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pōhaku a me nā pōhaku a me ka hānai, ka kānana ʻana i ka wai me nā puna ambulacral waha. He 6 mau ʻano wale nō ma ka genfi starfioura, ʻelima o kēia mau ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka Pakipika Pika a loaʻa kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i ke kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema a ma nā wai kūmole o ke Kaiʻula. Loaʻa nā Star-ahi ma ka hohonu o 90 a 3080 m. Loaʻa ka chariplax Astrophiura i ʻike ʻia ma ke kai ʻo Bering (ʻākau o nā Kaʻāina Komuni) ma kahi hohonu o 2440 m. Ma ke kahakai o Kaleponi i kahi hohonu o lalo o 1000 m A. rnarione i loaʻa.
ʻO kekahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi o ka ophioleucid (Ophioleucidae) he 5 mau genera a me hoʻokahi a me nā hapa heʻumi haneli, ua kahele nui ʻia i ka ʻāpana kuahiwi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokahi ʻohana o kēia ʻohana - Ophiostriatus striatus - noho ia i ka ʻAlika Arctic (ʻākau o ke Kai Kara), ma ke kai a Laptev a i ʻākau o Iceland. Ua loaʻa ma ka hohonu o 698 a 4000 m.
Ma ke ʻāpana ʻākau o ka Pakipika (i ka ʻāina o ka Commander Islands), i kahi hohonu o 2440 m, he hui o kekahi ʻano ofnoleucid, Ophioleuce oxycraspedon, ua hui ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻili o ka disc a me ka hiki i kahi palena o nā papila liʻiliʻi a puni kona lihi.
I ka makahiki 1972, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano hou o ka ophioleucid hohonu, ʻO bathylepta pacifica. Ua loaʻa kēia ʻhi ophiura ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke komohana o ka Pakipika (ma ka hikina o Pova Caledonia) ma ka hohonu o ka 6680–6830 m i ka wā o ka holo o ka moku noi Vityaz.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻakolu o nā ʻohana ʻekolu - ʻOphionereididae, Hemieuryalidae a me Amphilepididae - ʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o kā mākou manu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻokahi mau ʻohana o ka ʻohana hope - Amphilepis norvegica, ua lawe ʻia ma ka moana Atlantika mai nā Canary Islands a me ke kai Hikina a hiki i nā kahakai o Norway a me nā mokupuni Lofoten ma ka hohonu o 100 a i ka 2900 m, hiki paha i noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma kahakai o ka Barents Sea, akā a hiki ma laila.
Opiura kaʻai ʻana a me ka ola ʻana
Loaʻa ka Ofiurs ma lalo, kahi hohonu o ka 6 ka 8 km. Eia nō naʻe, ola ka nui o ka mana ma ka hohonu o kahi ma mua o 500 m Ke neʻe nei lākou i lalo, ka lepo i ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻōho i nā hiʻi. Hōʻalo ʻia nā neʻe, neʻe mua nā ʻelua hipa, a laila hoʻokuʻi iā lākou i hope. A ʻai i ke ʻai, wikiwiki hou ke ʻano o nā hihi.
ʻO ka inoa Lūkini "snaketail" kahi trace-pepa mai ka inoa ʻepekema o ophiura.
ʻO ka wā i hoʻopiha ʻia ai nā lima o kekahi ophiur, e ʻākoakoa ana i nā lehulehu, like like lākou me nā ʻekena a ke ʻano, nā mea ʻalike. Hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻili, hana nā ophiurs i nā ʻapo i loko o ka poʻe i lalo o ka hāʻule o lalo, no ka laʻana, jellyfish, worm, a plankton. ʻAi kekahi mau mea make i nā mea make.
Hiki i ka Wormtail ke hoʻoikaika ikaika i nā hihi nalo, eia naʻe, me ka nalowale o nā lima āpau, make koke lākou. Ma nā wahi o nā noho pā, hiki ke lilo maʻalahi i ka iʻa no ka iʻa. I kekahi manawa noho lākou ma nā urchins kai, nā corals a me nā algae.
Loaʻa iā lākou i ko lākou inoa no kahi ala o ka hele ʻea.
Hoʻopuka a hoʻomohala ʻia o nā ofiur
ʻO ka hapa nui ʻo snaketail i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka wahine, akā i kekahi manawa ke hele pū kekahi nā hermaphrodites. He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia he liʻiliʻi kekahi mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole i kūpono aʻe, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino. Hoʻokumu lākou, hana i ka metamorphosis, me ke hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi larva - ofiopluteus. Inā kūleʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka metamorphosis, a laila hele nā hua i nā manawa hoʻomohala i ka bursa, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kino hanu. Ma hope mai, hele aku ka ʻōpiopio ʻōpio ma loko o ka bursa, i loko o nā wai ākea.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Nā Hoʻomaka Hoʻolaha o Ofiura
I ka kiʻi ofiura like like me kahi kaahi ʻano, eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia ʻano like ʻole i kaupalena ʻia e kekahi mau hōʻailona mai waho. He kūlike ʻokoʻa ka hoʻolālā kūloko a me ka mōʻaukala kūkulu o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua.
ʻO ka holo ʻana o ka ophiur i neʻe aku i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hihi, a i ʻole "mau lima" o ka holoholona, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke kino nui. Me kā lākou mea kōkua, e holo maikaʻi ka ophiuras ma ke kai kūloko.
ʻO ka pākuʻi ʻaoʻao waena o ke kino ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma luna o 10-12 cm, ʻo nā hihi e puka ana mai ke ana a hiki i 60 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka maʻamau he ʻelima, akā i kekahi mau mea hiki ke loaʻa i ka helu i nā ʻāpana he ʻumi. ʻO lākou ka mau vertebrae he nui, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā pūlima uaua, me ke kōkua o ke neʻe i ka "lima".
Mahalo i kēlā me hui pū ke ano o Hiki i nā kukui o kekahi mau ʻano ke kālai i kahi pōpau mai ka ʻaoʻao ventral i ke kino nui.
ʻO ka neʻe o ka ophiur me ka hele ʻana, me ke ʻano lua o ke ʻano e kiola ʻia i mua, e pili ana i ka ʻāhewa ʻana o ka moana a hoʻopaʻa i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka vertebrae ma waho e pale ʻia e nā papa ʻōpala manawaleʻa nona ka ʻehā mau lālani.
ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka pūhaka i lawelawe ʻia i uhi no ke kuʻuna ambulacral, ʻo nā papa kolo nā mea i lako ʻia i nā pono he nui a he ʻano like.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao waho o ka ʻeke me nā pale umauma mikroskopika. ʻO kekahi ʻano kiʻi o ke kolamu o ka maka. No ka nele o nā ʻōnaehana ʻike, hana ʻia kēia hana e ka ʻōpala kino, kahi i hiki ke pane i nā loli māmā.
ʻAʻole e like me ka starfish, nā ambulacral wāwae e kū mai ana mai nā lua i loko o kēlā me kēia kūloko radial ʻaʻole i nā ampoules a me nā kīʻaha inu. He mau hana ʻē aʻe iā lākou: ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hanu.
E like me nā kukui, ua uhi piha ʻia nā pākeke snaketail e nā papa ʻōpala i ke ʻano o nā unahi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou me nā pono lahilahi, pākē a setae paha. Ma ka waenakonu o ka ʻōpū pūpū he waha pentahedral.
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka waha e ka ʻāʻī oʻelima - ʻelima mau protrusions kūlia i hāʻawi ʻia me nā papa waha. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waha a me nā ʻāʻī e ʻae iā ka ophiur ʻaʻole ia ka huki wale ʻana i ka meaʻai, akā, e hoʻopaʻa pū a paʻa.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻohui ʻaʻano i ka nui o nā meaola kai. ʻO kā lākou ʻai me nā wīwī, plankton, organics liʻiliʻi moana, algae a me nā ʻōpala coral soft. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine nā ʻāhi o ke ophiura a me kona mau wāwae i ka hopu, mālama a lawe i ka meaʻai i ka waha waha.
Kupanaha nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā dendrite i lalo o nā wāwae ambulacral, aʻo ka mea nunui ka hopu ʻia e nā puʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi, e puʻu ana i ka ʻai i ka waha. Hoʻomaka ka kanalelo pūpū me ka waha echinoderms, i;
- Esophagus
- ʻO ka ʻōpū, e noho ai i ka hapa nui o ke kino
- Cecum (anal wehe wehe)
Aneane hiki i nā ophiuras ke hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka holo ʻana ma kahi mamao. He hana koʻikoʻi i kēia e ke wāwae, e hopu i ka ʻala o ka meaʻai e hiki mai ana. Me ke kōkua o nā hihi, ʻae ka holoholona i ke kūpono, hele pololei i ka pahuhopu.
Ke hoʻopili ka holoholona i ka meaʻai ma nā unahi waha, ua kuhikuhi pono ʻia nā hiʻi a pau i luna. Hoʻohana ka nui o nā nui o ka ophiur branchy i kā lākou "shaggy" mau hana e hana ai i nā mauhe i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma loko o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā mea kanu a i ʻole ka lau jelly.
Kē ʻia ka pahu kalepa o nā ʻāpana keʻa ka hopu pio a paʻa i ka meaʻai kai (plankton). ʻO kēia ʻano o ka palaʻai e pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kānana mucosal-ciliary. Aia nā mea ʻai echinoderms a me nā mea kanu manu.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano ophiur, ʻeleʻele ophiuraHiki ke mālama ʻia i nā loko. Ua hānai ʻia o kēlā mau holoholona holoholona me nā pūnohu lawaiʻa kūikawā, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopale i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa hou.