Pūnaewele - ka mea ʻōiwi nui e kū mālie ana i ka lewa. I ka haʻiʻana o kēia manu, nui ka manaʻo i ka leʻaleʻa, no ka mea, ʻo ka papa ʻaina o ka ʻalani. I nā kiʻi kikowaena ʻē aʻe, e pāʻani pū ana kēia mea manu manu i kahi kiʻi maikaʻi ʻole. E hoʻāliʻi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻano, i ke ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o kēia manu hoihoi, a inā paha, e hōʻike ʻia nā mea kūpono he nui.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Aia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - nā manu lele, nā poʻe hulu manu o ka ʻohana hawk, aloha lākou i nā wahi me kahi mahana. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻohilahila ʻia me nā nīnika ʻAmelika, ʻoiai he like ʻole lākou, ʻaʻole lākou he ʻohana pili. No nā ʻanakiai ʻo Hawk e pili ana i nā ʻalalā, ʻoiai ʻo kahi wīwī ʻAmelika e pili kokoke i nā condors.
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻehā he mea make me nā mea kupaianaha kūikawā. Ke nānā ʻoe i ke ʻā, ʻike koke ʻoe i kona ʻano makemake, naʻauao a me ka nānā ʻana. He ʻelima mau ʻano o ka ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa wale ma kahi o ko lākou wahi e noho ai, akā ma kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o waho, e hōʻike kāua i kekahi o lākou.
Wikiō: Vulture
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻāʻī o Bengal, heʻeleʻele ka plumage, aia hoʻi kekahi ʻeleʻele. Aia ma ka wahi o ka huelo a ma nā ʻēheu, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻulaʻula. Hana ʻia ka ʻāʻī manu me kahi hulu manu i like me ka frill. ʻO nā wahi o kona waiho mau ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻo ia e like me Afghanistan, Vietnam a me India. ʻAʻole haʻalele ʻia kēia ʻōpala i nā kānaka a hiki ke noho kokoke i kā lākou mau wahi, e hoʻokuʻi ana i nā papu a me nā pae haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka ʻōpio ʻAmelika i kahi leo polumele ākea ākea, kahi i puka mai ai nā aniani brown brown. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka lei o ka mea e kau ai me kahi koloka keʻokeʻo; he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka manu. He mea maʻalahi ke kuhi ʻia nei he noho paʻa o kēia ʻōpio ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika, kahi e makemake ai ia i nā puʻu a me nā ala, e noho ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.5 km.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻeke griffon, pālahalaha kona mau ʻēheu. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o nā hulu i ka brownish i nā wahi me kahi redhead. Noho nā ʻēheu no ka mea he ʻulaʻeleʻele kona. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāʻī i uhi ʻia me kahi kukui (kokoke i ke keʻokeʻo), e kū'ē ana i ke kua ke kumu o kahi beak ikaika i ʻike ʻia. Noho ia i nā kuahiwi o ʻEulopa hema, nā ʻanu ʻāina ʻAmelika, nā semi-des African. Hiki ke noho i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 3 km.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Cape Vulture he wahi hope loa ia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i noho ai ma ka ʻāina koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina ʻo Cape, ma ka hanohano o kona inoa. ʻO ke kaumaha loa ka manu, hiki i kona lehulehu ke hiki i 12 kg a i ʻole. ʻO ke ʻāʻī he kālā me ka umauma ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻēheu, nā ʻeleʻele o ia mau mea.
Hōʻalo ka hau (Himalayan) i ka holo ma luna o nā puʻu, no laila, noho ia ma nā kuahiwi o Tibet, nā Himalaya a me nā Pamirs, ʻaʻole hopohopo no kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5 km. ʻO kona nui nui e kahaha wale nei. ʻO nā eheu o kēia ʻāʻī he 3 m lōʻihi.ʻI kahi ulana hulu e kuʻi ana ma ka ʻāʻī o ke ʻala, ʻoniʻoni ka ʻulaʻula, a ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i nā kua ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāleʻa ʻālea o ka nui a he ʻulaʻula i ka kala, hoʻokaʻā ʻia nā ʻēheu ma kahi pale polū pōkole, a māmā ke kapa "harem pants" ma nā wāwae. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hana make ʻana o ka manu, hiki ke loaʻa ma Pakistan a me India.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka Pūnaewele Ruffel ma muli o ka zoologist Eduard Ruppel. He liʻiliʻi a nui kēia manu a mālama ʻia no 5 kg. Mālama ke kukui i ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī, a ua ʻeleʻele nā ʻēheu. ʻO ka ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu, ke kolo a me ka wahi a puni ʻo ka huelo he keʻokeʻo. Noho ka manu ma ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
He ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka ʻeleʻele ma ka nui, a hiki i kona kino ke lōʻihi o 1,2 m, a ʻo kona mau ʻēheu he 3 m. He ʻeleʻele loa ka nui o kēia ʻano ʻano manuahi ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele nā pākeke. He wā nui ka poʻo o ka manu, aia ka hulu manu ma kona ʻāʻī. Noho ka ʻōpio ma kēia ʻāina, a ma waena o nā manu a pau e noho nei ma Rūsia, ʻo ia ka ikaika loa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi ʻeuʻi
He mea kupaianaha ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻehā, ʻaʻole i puʻupuʻu ka maikaʻi o kā lākou plumage. ʻAʻole kulu nā poʻo a me ke kua, a ikaika ke kino a uhi ʻia me nā hulu ʻala. ʻIke ʻia ka nui o nā beak-hook nui o nā manu ma kahi mamao, a ʻo nā lehelehe nui i hoʻoweliweli e kū ana ma luna o kona mau wāwae. ʻOiai ke kupaianaha nei nā ʻōpū, ʻaʻole hiki i ka wāwae o ka mea hoʻopuka ke huki i kā lākou ʻai a e hoʻopili pololei ana mai ka lewa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ikaika nā manamana lima o ka manu. Pono ka beak nui e huki nui i nā ʻāpana o ka wā i kahi pāʻina.
Hāʻawi ʻia ke poʻo poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e ke ʻano no ka mālama pono ʻana. ʻO kahi lei o nā hulu, hana i ka ʻāʻī, hana i ka hana like. Aia i ka mea i ka wā o ka pāʻina, ʻaila cadaveric a me ke koko e kahe koke ana i lalo o ka ʻāʻī e paʻa ana, e hōʻea ana i ka puʻu protruding, kahi e waiho mau ana ka kino o ka manu. Pēlā, e maʻemaʻe loa.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: kahi kīʻaha nui o ka ʻōpū a me ka goiter e ʻae i nā ʻūkini e ʻai i nā anilima kilokilima o ke kaʻa i hoʻokahi papa.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kala o nā ʻala i nā kukui a me ka hoihoi.
ʻO ka pena a me ka ʻikepili ʻē aʻe, ua like like ka wahine a me ke kāne, like like ko lākou nui. Akā e mau loa nā kala o nā ʻōpio ma nā ʻōpio. Nā ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻano like ʻole ʻokoʻa. Hōʻea nā manu liʻiliʻi loa i ka lōʻihi o 85 cm a kaupaona ma kahi o ʻelima kileman, a ʻo nā manu nui loa he ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mita a kaupaona 12 kg. Pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka nui o ka ʻēheu o nā manu ma ke ʻano he nui a he ikaika loa, ʻo kā lākou huakaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ke manu ponoʻī he ʻelua a mau hapa ka nui. Akā ʻo ka huʻu o ka ʻāʻī ua pōkole a iki paha.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka ʻōpio?
Kuhi: holoholona holoholona
He manu thermophilic ka manu, no laila noho ia i nā ʻāina me kahi mahana wela. Hiki ke loaʻa ma luna o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, me keʻole ʻia o Antarctica a me Ausetalia. ʻO kahi kikoʻī o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā ʻupena he ākea nui, e uhi ana i kēia mau wahi:
- Hema ʻoʻEulopa (me nā Crimean Peninsula),
- Waenaia a me Asia Hema
- Kaukaole
- ʻApelika (kokoke pau)
- ʻAmelika Hema
- ʻAmelika Hema (āpau).
Pono e helu ʻia ka nui loa o nā manu ʻehā o nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ʻApelika. Noho like kēlā me kēia ʻano nūhou i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, ma waena o kēia mau manu ua like ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole e noho ana ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.
Aloha nā punahele i nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā wahi ākea mai luna, e maʻalahi ia ke ʻike i ka mea pio. Noho kēia poʻe manu manu i nā savannahs, semi-desurun, the desones, aloha mauna, kahi lākou e noho ai ma nā kuʻekuʻe pali. ʻAʻole manu lele nā manu i kahi manu ʻai manu (akahi wale nō i ʻike ʻia he ʻōpala turniki), noho lākou a noho lākou. I ka wā holo ʻana i nā huakaʻiʻai ʻole, hele mau ʻole nā palena o ko lākou wahi o ka manu, ka mea hiki ʻole ʻoe ke hana no ka ʻono ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Nui ka nui o nā vultures, a no laila hui ka ʻuʻuku iā lākou - nunui a lōʻihi loa. Ua hoʻolope lākou iā lākou ma nā wahi nāhelehele, ma ka wao iho.
- kuahiwi kuahiwi,
- nalo mai ka makani a ka ua ʻino.
- nā pali hohonu loa ʻole ʻia
- ulu lāʻau, ka ʻāina ulu ʻole.
Noho nō hoʻi nā ʻano manu ma nā pāpaho, ma nā ulu nahele, kokoke i nā kahawai. Noho kēia mau manu i mele mele ai a i ʻole nā kāne i hana i ke ola.
He aha kā ka ʻōpio mahi ʻai?
Kiʻi kiʻi: ʻO Griffon scavenger
ʻEhā ka hilahila he nui no ke kumu o kēia mau manu nui a me ka predatory e makemake ai i ke kālai. ʻO ka mea, ka ʻōnaehana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpala, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia ke kālai manu, me ka ʻūʻū ʻia hoʻi. Ka nui o ka wai o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma nā ʻawaʻawa he mea maʻalahi ia i ka paʻi ʻana me nā huahana decompposation, ʻo ia hoʻi nā iwi i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāʻī e ʻeli ʻia me nā pilikia ʻole.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kumu mua o nā huakini i loaʻa ma ka pūpū o ka ʻāʻī, hiki ke hōʻoki i nā mea ʻona ʻole, e hiki ai i nā holoholona ʻē ke make.
ʻO nā manu e hoʻolālā i kahi wā lōʻihi e nānā i ka mea make, no ka mea, he koʻikoʻi ko lākou mau maka. A ʻike ʻia, lele koke nā manu. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻona nā ʻai i ka ʻalē o nā ungulates, akā aia kekahi kaʻa ʻē aʻe ma kā lākou papa.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o nā ʻao he mau mea make.
- ʻO nā ʻamekema a me nā lehelehe;
- kao kāne a me nā hipa kāne
- nā kālopa a me nā elepani,
- nā nā ʻōpio (ʻo nā pēpē hou) a me nā iʻa,
- mammalia makehewa,
- nā anoisiki āpau
- hua manu.
Hōʻalo ʻia nā manu e ka ʻimi hānai manu, ʻanā lākou a kali i ka ʻona o nā holoholona e ʻai i nā koena o ka mea ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe wahi e hoʻoluliluli i nā hōʻailona, a hiki iā lākou ke kali lōʻihi no ka make ʻana o ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a laila e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻahaʻaina maoli.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole kuhi ka ʻōpio i kahi pōʻino e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi loa o ke ola. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e pau e hoʻopau i ka make. ʻO kāna mea kaua e manaʻolana ai, e hoʻohana ʻo ia ma ke akamai.
ʻAi nā manu i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa (a hiki i ka 10 manu), ʻaʻole lākou e kaomi i kā lākou mau puhaka i ka meaʻai a makehewa ke hiki ke ʻai i kahi anelope nui i 20 mau minuke. ʻO ka maʻamau, wehe ka ʻōpū iā ia me nā puʻupuʻu beak-hook i ka ʻōpū o ka mea ʻai a hoʻomaka i ka ʻai, ke kāpī pololei i kona poʻo i ka ʻi. Hāpai i nā ʻāpana, hoʻohemo ka manu iā lākou, ʻuwē iā lākou a ʻōʻī iā lākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēia ʻike, e hoʻokūkū i kekahi kiʻi makaʻu.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻehā e hoʻāʻo i ka mea ʻai i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia no ka mea i makemake lākou i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kupapaʻu i make. Hoʻokomo kekahi i ka ʻiʻo a me ka hoʻowahāwahā, ʻo kekahi e makemake e ʻoliʻoli ma ka tendons, iwi a me ka cartilage, a me ka ʻili. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōleʻa liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpio ke lanakila i nā ʻāpana ʻili o ka elepani, no laila ke kali nei lākou i nā hoahānau nui e ʻōlehu iā ia. I ka wā e nalowale ana ka meaʻai, hiki i nā ʻōʻele ke hele me ka ʻai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, e kaniʻuhū ʻia nā ʻūlio, e noho ana ma nā ʻāina like. E pīhoihoi ia, akā i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka waiwai o nā hakakā ma waena o nā manu, me ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻole ʻia, kī a me ka hakakā kekahi mau manu ma kēia mau manu. ʻO ke kaulike, ke ahonui, ka hoʻohālikelike - ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau manu. Hōʻike wale ʻia kēia mau ʻano āpau i nā hola o ka hoʻolālā, ke ʻimi nei ka ʻōpio i ka mea pio, e holo ana ke kiʻekiʻe.
He mea kupaianaha: lele maikaʻi aku ka lele ʻana, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ko lākou lele ākea he 65 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola, a me kahi neʻe kūpaʻa e hiki ke hoʻomohala a hiki i ka 120. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi e piʻi ai ka puaʻa nui loa. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi hanana ʻino no kekahi manu i ka wā i kū ai ʻo ia me kahi mokulele, a hemo aku ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka ʻumikūmākahi mau kiʻekiʻe.
He mea maikaʻi ʻole ke manaʻo ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoluliluli ʻia ana, nānā wale ka ʻōpio. He naʻauao nui loa ʻo ia a nānā mau kona poʻe ʻohana, ke kahe ʻana i kahi kokoke i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi e holo ana i ka lepo. Ke ʻai ʻana, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke lele kahi manu, a laila e kāwili i kahi ʻāpana o ka mea ʻai. ʻO ka pīhoihoi, ʻaʻole nā mākaʻi maikaʻi loa i nā pualikola maikaʻi, akā he poʻe holo maikaʻi nō hoʻi, hiki ke pale maikaʻi a holo wikiwiki i ka ʻāina. Ma hope o kahi pāʻina maikaʻi, hoʻomaka nā vultures e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hulu, inu a ʻauʻau inā aia ka pā ma kahi kokoke. Makemake lākou i ka mahana i ka lā e pepehi i ka pōʻino kino i ka kino.
Ma ke ʻano maoli, he maluhia a maikaʻi hoʻi ka ʻōpio, i nā ʻuhane ikaika, ke ahonui a me ke ahonui e noho ai. ʻOiai ka nui o ka ʻōpio, ʻaʻole ia i ka mana e hakakā me nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i nā kaua. ʻAʻole hoʻopau ʻia kēia hulu manu me ka kamaʻilio kamaʻilio, i kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kāʻili a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, me ka manawa kūikawā ʻole āu e lohe ʻole i nā kani mai ke ʻāʻī.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Whakaahua: Vub
ʻO nā manu ma nā manu monogamous e hana i kahi kuʻikahi ʻohana ikaika no ke ola. Ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻōpio, he noho ʻo ia i ka noho kaʻawale. ʻO ka hapa pono ʻo ia ka mea pono i kēia mau hulu manu. ʻAʻole hānai nui nā manu, hānau paha kā lākou keiki i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki a iʻole ke kau hoʻokahi o nā makahiki.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, hoʻomaka ke kāne i kāna pāʻani pāʻani, ka lawe pio ʻana i ka wahine o ka puʻuwai me nā ʻano he nui i hana ʻia ma ka lele. Uʻi ʻia e nā manaʻo, e waiho koke ka wahine i kāna mau hua, ʻoiai he maʻamau hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ʻelua - ʻelua. ʻO nā keʻokeʻo ʻōpala a keʻokeʻo paha a kālai ʻia paha me nā brown brown. ʻO ka pūnana, kahi ma ka pōhaku a i ʻole kekahi lāʻau lāʻau, i kūkulu ʻia i nā lālā ikaika, a ʻo kona lalo i uhi ʻia i nā moena moe laumaʻomaʻo.
Mea maoli ʻoiai: I ke kaʻina o ka hatching seed, e kū ana mai ka 47 a 57 lā, ua komo nā mākua ʻelua, me ke ʻano hou o kekahi. E noho ana kekahi ma luna o kā lākou mauʻano, aʻo kekahi e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai. ʻO kēlā me kēia manawa e loli ka kiaʻi, e nānā pono ʻia ka hua ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.
Holo ka uhi keʻokeʻo i ka pēpē hou, ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina e hoʻololi i ka beige kukui. Mālama nā mākua mālama i ke pēpē me nā meaʻai a ʻo ka belch. Holoʻe nā keiki a ka keiki pēpē i mau mahina ma ka pūnana, e hoʻomaka ana i kāna mau holo mua e kokoke kokoke i ʻehā mau makahiki. Hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki i kā lākou keiki.
Loaʻa i ke makahiki ʻeono mau makahiki e kūʻokoʻa ka ʻōpio ʻōpio, a lilo ia i moekolohe i ka makahiki 4 a 7 mau makahiki. He ola nui ka nui o ka ʻōpio; hiki i kēia mau manu ke ola i 55 makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kiʻi ʻeuʻi
He mea like ʻole kēlā manu lele nui a nui a i ka manu, e like me ka ʻōpio, ʻaʻohe ona mau ʻenemi, akā naʻe ʻaʻole kēia. ʻOiai he nui nā vultures, ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia kā lākou mau mana kiko. E makaʻala loa ka vulture a ʻaʻole ʻo ia ke hana ʻino i kekahi predator. He manu kēia ʻo manu, akā pono nō ʻo ia e pale iā ia iho a hoʻokūkū i ka hoʻokūkū no ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi no ke kālai ʻana he mau hyena, nā ʻīlio a me nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻai. I ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōpio i nā manu nui, ke kōkua ia me kona mau ʻēheu, hana pono a kīkī, e kau ana i nā ʻēheu. Mahalo i kēlā mau maneuvers, loaʻa i ka mea i makemake ʻia e ka hulu pua a me ka lele a lele. I ka wā e hakakā ai me nā hyenas a me nā ʻīlio hihiu, ʻaʻole wale nā ʻēheu nui e hoʻohana ʻia, akā he ikaika ikaika, a ʻōpiu, a paʻa i nā lāʻau lāʻau.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻola like ʻole i kue ka kekahi a me ke komo ʻole i ka hakakā, kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke pana kekahi i kekahi mai ke kupapaʻu make me kahi ʻē e hopu i kahi ʻāpana.
Hiki i kekahi o nā ʻenemi o ke kuahiwi ke kapa ʻia i kekahi kanaka, ma o kāna hana hoʻomau, ke hoʻopiʻi nei i ka nui o kēia mau manu, ʻae iā ia e hoʻohiolo ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka ʻāina, ka luku ʻana i nā noho o kēia mau manu. Eia kekahi, hāʻule ka helu o ka ungulates, no laila e lilo ana i mea paʻakikī aʻike i kahi ʻōpio.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: holoholona holoholona
Ma nā wahi āpau, ua emi nui ka nui o ka poʻe o nā ʻōpio a kū i nā lā a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO ke kumu kanaka kahi kumu nui i loko o kēia wīwī hoihoi. Ua hoʻololi ka poʻe i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ka mea e hoʻolako ai i ka pipi momona, a ma mua o ka noho mau ʻana i nā kau ma kahi e hānai malū ai ʻo ia. Hāpai kēia mau hana i ka waihona ʻai manu o nā manu hopu. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, liʻiliʻi a emi iho nā ungulates hihiu, e hoʻopilikia pū i ka nui o nā ʻehā. ʻO kekahi, e like me ka mea i loaʻa i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole koi nui kēia manu.
ʻO nā wahi he nui i kahi o nā manu e noho ai i kēia manawa e noho nei i nā hale kanaka hou a i ʻoka ʻia no nā pono o ka mahiʻai. E hoʻāla kahi kanaka ma nā wahi a pau i nā ʻano e hele aku, a pili kēia i ko lākou helu. Pilikia ka ʻūhā o Aferika i ka hopu ʻana i nā poʻe maoli e hoʻohana iā lākou i ka wā e hana ai i nā hana kuʻuna o ka hana maikaʻi a Voodoo. Loaʻa pinepine nā manu ola, a laila kūʻai aku i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Make pinepine nā manu mai nā hakahaka uila, e noho ana i nā ʻāpana uila kiʻekiʻe.
Aia ma Africa, ua make ka nui o nā manu mai nā kahu hana o nā pesticides a me ka diclofenac, i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea maʻi holoholona no ka mālama ʻana i nā ungulates. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻōlelo āpau e noʻonoʻo nā kānaka i kā lākou mau hana, kahi e nui ai nā holoholona a me nā manu make.
ʻ .lelo Pūnaewele
Kiʻi: ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
No laila, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka helu ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻehā i nā wahi, ma nā wahi like ʻole o kā lākou noho. Hoʻohālikelike nui nā ʻōnaehana kaiapuni āpau i kekahi mau ʻano ʻano manuʻu, aia i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kā lākou helu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo lākou iā Kumai, Bengal a me Cape vultures i kēlā mau ʻano.
Hoʻolaha ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i ka ʻāleu o ʻApelika i kekahi mau mea pau i ka hopena, ʻoiai ke ākea ana ka nui o kona heluna ma loko o ʻAmelika, akā he liʻiliʻi loa kona heluna. Ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina kahiki o ʻAmelika, i hoʻohemo ʻia ia ma kanaiwaʻumi mau pakeneka. Ua ʻike ʻo Ornithologists, ma hope o ke helu ʻana, aia ma kahi o 270,000 wale nō kēia mau manu i haʻalele.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ka helu o kona neʻe ʻana, akā i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana - griffon vulture Nele ʻo ia i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi, hāʻule nā holoholona hihiu hihiu. Kīʻī ke kanaka i kēia ʻāʻī mai nā wahi maʻamau o kona hoʻoili mau ʻana, ka mea i hōʻemi loa i ka nui o nā manu. ʻOiai aia i kēia mau ʻino maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole i kū pono kēia ʻeke ma waena o nā mea palupalu nui, ʻoiai inā ua pōkole ka wahi o kona noho ʻana, a ua emi pū ka helu.
ʻO kā mākou'āina, ka manaʻo o ka vulture griffon e noho nei ma ke kahua o Rūsia, he mea ʻinane loa, ua aneane hiki ʻole ke hālāwai. Ma kēia mea, ua kākau inoa ʻia ma ka Puke ʻ Booklelo Red o ka Russian Federation. ʻAʻoleʻike ʻoluʻolu loa ke kūlana me nā wī a puni ka honua, no laila e noʻonoʻo pono kekahi i nā hopena o kāna mau hana, a laila hoʻomau ʻia me lākou, e hōʻemi ana i nā mea pili ʻole iā ia wale nō, akā me ka holoholona a puni.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e nīnau i ka nīnau: ke manaʻo nei anei ʻoe e manaʻo i kahi ʻino a me ka ʻino i kēia manu hoihoi? Pūnaewele He ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi, ma waena o kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ka mālama mālama, ka hoʻokūkū, ʻano kūlohelohe a maikaʻi ʻole. Eia kekahi, mai poina ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka kalima, hana lākou i mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūlohelohe, kahi mea nui.
Nā Mana Neck
ʻO nā ʻano manu he mau ʻāwili maʻamau. ʻAi lākou i ka kino o nā mommals, nui mau ungulates. ʻO ka nui o ka wai o ka gastric e ʻae ai ka manu i ka ʻili ʻana i nā iwi, a me nā microorganisms kūikawā i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāwili e hōʻoli ai i ka ʻalā cadaveric.
I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, piʻi ka ʻogala i nā kiʻekiʻe mai ka 200 a 500 m. Eia kekahi, ke nānā pono nei ʻo ia i nā manu ʻula a me nā hyena, hiki nō iā ia ke hana koa.
ʻO kahi kino o kekahi holoholona make, ke ʻai ʻia e kahi haneli ma nā haneli he nui. I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke hopu piha i ka lāʻau antelope i loko o 10 mau minuke. Hoʻokahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio a hiki i ka 1 kg o ka ʻiʻo. ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻōpala ke hū aku i ka ʻili mānoanoa, akā, ʻo ke ʻano o kona poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e hiki ai i ka manu ke hoʻopalulu i nā wahī o nā holoholona a me nā puʻupuʻu e pale ʻia.
ʻUlturelelo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (Gyps africanus)
He nui ka nui o ka manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu mai 55 a 64 cm paha, ua loaʻa nā ʻēheu i ka 218 cm. He 24 a 27 cm ka lōʻihi a ka ʻehā. He keʻokeʻo a ʻona paha ke kala he pololi, ua ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā ʻelemakule ma mua o nā ʻōpio. Ma ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī ke kīleʻa keʻokeʻo o lalo. He ikaika ka beak, lōʻihi. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ʻole me ka hulu, ʻeleʻele. ʻEʻeleʻele nā maka. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae.
Ke ʻano nui nei nā iwi ma Sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, Southern Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, South Angola).
Noho ka manu ma savannas, ma nā pāpū a me nā kumu nahele sparse. ʻO nā mea loaʻa i nā wahi malshy, nā māla mauʻu, a me nā nahele i kokoke i nā muliwai. Noho ka ʻōpio ʻAmelika i nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai a i luna.
Ke manu nui nei nā manu ʻao ʻAmelika, a hiki ke hele wale ma hope o kā lākou pio.
ʻO Bihal Kaile (Gyps bengalensis)
He manu nunui me ka nui o ka kino e 75 i 90 cm. ʻO nā eheu o 200 a 220 cm.ʻO ka lehulehu o ka wāʻelemakule ma kahi ākea mai 3.5 a 7.5 kg.
I nā ʻōpiopio Bengal nui, heʻeleʻele ka plumage, ʻekeʻeleʻele, me nā pihi kālā ma kona mau ʻēheu. ʻAno ke poʻo a me ke ʻāʻī, aia i kekahi manawa me ka brown. Ma ke kumu o ka ʻili he “kolana” keʻokeʻo. Ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻili. Ke keʻokeʻo nei nā ʻēheu ma lalo nei, i ʻike ʻia i nā lele. Ikaika ka beak, pōkole, ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā pale, me nā puʻupe ikaika. Kāleʻele ka iris. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā poʻe'ōpio ma mua o nā pākeke.
ʻO ka noho o kēia mau ʻano ka poʻe India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Iran. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka manu ma ka hikina o Asia, ma Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand a me Vietnam. Noho kekahi ʻōleʻa Bengal ma nā pāpū a me nā haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā kuahiwi. Eia kekahi, noho pinepine ʻo ia i kahi kanaka, kokoke i nā kauhale e lilo i kāna kahua forage. Pahu ka manu i nā kiʻekiʻe o 1000 m ma luna o ke kai.
Kiʻi Ka Manaʻo (Gyps fulvus)
ʻO ka loa o ke kino mai 93 a 110 cm, ʻo nā ʻēheu he 270 cm. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi o ka manu i uhi ʻia me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻoi ka beak. He brown i ka plumage ma ke kino, ma ka ʻōpū o ka māmā, ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele nā ʻēheu, aneane ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻeleʻele nā iris, ʻeleʻele nā wāwae. He māmā nā ʻōpiopio, ʻulaʻula.
Noho ka ʻūlima ma ka'ākau hema o ʻEulopa, ma ka ʻākau a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAberika a me ʻAsia, kahi e noho ai ʻo ia i nā mauna a i ʻole i ka papa ʻaina a me nā ʻāina semi-wao me nā pōhaku. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia manu ma nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 3000 m a i luna.
Hāloa a Himalayan Vulture (Gyps himalayensis)
He manu nui me ka paona ke kino he 8 a 12 kg, ka lōʻihi o 116 a 150 cm, a he mau ʻēheu a hiki i 310 cm. ʻO ke ʻano o ka plumage e like me kahi ʻalaʻula keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, akā i ka laulā nui ka ʻōmole ka manu, ʻaʻole kona "collar" i luna, akā he hulu. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
He mea maʻamau ka ʻano ma nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o nā Himalaya, ma Mongolia, Sayan, Tibet, ma Khubsugul, Pamir, Tien Shan, a me nā Dzungarian a me Zailiysky Alatau (ma nā kiʻekiʻe 2000 ka 5000 m). I ka hoʻoilo, lele i lalo i lalo.
ʻUlturelelo Indien (Gyps tenuirostris)
He manu lele nui, e like like me ka neʻe a me ka ʻōpio India. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino mai 80 a 95 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka plumage, he ʻeleʻele ke poʻo. ʻAʻole hulu ka lōʻihi o ka lei.
Loaʻa ʻia nā ʻano ma India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar a me Cambodia.
Neck propagation
Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻo Vultures i ka wīwī e pili ana i 6 mau makahiki. Mālama wale kēia mau manu, a ʻoluʻolu ke kāne i hoʻokahi wahine, a ʻo nā hoa ʻelua e hānai i nā moa.
Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu ma Ianuali a mau i ka Iulai. I kēia manawa, mālama ke kāne i ka wahine, mālama pono nui iā ia, hoʻokipa i nā hula lewa ma ka lepo a ma ka lewa. Hiki i ke kāne a me ka wahine ke holo ma hope o kekahi, a lawe i waho a wehewehe i nā kaʻe i ka wā e pae ai. Hoʻopau maoli ʻia nā manu i ia mau pāʻani i ka lā Malaki a me ʻApelila
No ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu, koho nā ʻalemai i kahi wahi i ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mika mai ka lepo. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo kēia kahi hollow a i ʻole i ka lāʻau hāʻule i hāʻule a i ʻole kahi puʻu maloʻo. Holo pū kekahi manu i nā wahi i neʻe ʻia, i uhi ʻia me ka nui o nā mea kanu, ma lalo o nā pōhaku nui a i ʻole ma ka lihi o ka pali. ʻAʻole hopohopo nā ʻano he nui e pili ana i ka pili ʻana i ka hale o kānaka, no ka laʻana, ma nā kahawai o nā hale a i ʻole nā hale mahiʻai.
ʻAʻole kūkulu nā kiki i nā nests iā lākou iho, akā e hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i kahi kūpono kūpono no kēia mau hana, a laila e hoʻohana nā kāne i nā makahiki he nui.
I kahi pākeke, loaʻa i ka wahine ka 1 a 3 mau hua, ʻimi pinepine a ʻoi nā hua i nā hebedoma. E hānai nā mākua i nā keikikāne hou no 2-3 mau mahina, e lawe ana iā lākou i ka meaʻai ma kā lākou goiter nui.
I nā makahiki ʻelua o nā keiki, ua holo piha nā pōloli o ka ʻōpio.
Loaʻa ka ola ʻana o ka ʻōpio i kahi makahiki he 40 mau makahiki. I loko o ke pio ʻana, ua kākau ʻia nā hihia i ola ʻo ia manu ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka manu
- Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka nui o nā manu, i kēia lā e mālama ʻia ana kēia mau manu. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā manu e nā mea pakanā a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai e ka poʻe i ka mahiʻai. No laila, i nā ʻāina i noho ai nā vultures, ʻaʻole pāpā pinepine ʻia e hoʻohana, no ka laʻana, diclofenac i ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau. Hoʻohui wale ʻia ka hopu manu ʻana.
- I nā hana kilokiloʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ka muti o ka uahi ʻana i ka ʻōpū mauʻu kulu ʻōpala e wānana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I ka manawa o ka Honua ʻAmelika ma ʻAmelika Hema (2010), ua hoʻohana pinepine nā kānaka i kēia ala kahiko no ka wānana i nā hopena o ka hoʻokūkū a ua kokoke lākou i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka noho ʻana o nā ʻuʻulu.