Noho ʻo White Amur ma ka muliwai Amur a me nā muliwai kokoke iā ia, pū me ka wai wai ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Kina. No ka ʻona na ka ʻohana o nā cyprinids waiwai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kona ikaika a me ka nui.

ʻAi ka ʻōpio ʻelemakule i kahi nui o nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma nā kino wai. I ka manawa pōkole lākou e ʻai e like me ke koena a keu ke kaupaona ʻana iā lākou iho. Ma kēia hana e hoʻohana pinepine ai nā kānaka i nā kalapu mauʻu ma ke ʻano heʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, nā mea hoʻihoʻi.

I ka lua o ka makahiki iwakālua o ka iwakāluakūmākahi, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻia i loko o nā wahi o nā ʻāina o ʻ Europeulopa ʻEulopa, ua nui a ka nui me nā algae. Ua hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia ka iʻa i nā wahi hou. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lele ma laila no ka mahana haʻahaʻa. E mālama pono ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a ʻaʻole i maʻalahi maʻalahi i kahi paʻa. Hiki i ka hānai ke kōkua. Noho maikaʻi ka iʻa i loko o nā loko liʻiliʻi a hiki ke hōʻea i nā nui nui.

Cupaw spawning

Nā mea pākahi ke kūlohelohe i ka hapa lua o ke ola, ka mea maʻamau e 8 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ke iʻa. No ka hana ʻana i ka hana, ʻaʻole pono loa ke ʻano o ka wai i ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 26 kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka wahi pono no ka spawning e kahe ana ma luna o ka manawa. Ma kahi e kūpono ʻole nā ​​kumu no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala lau, hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka iʻa me ka caviar, a pau kahi hopena.

ʻIke ʻia i ka hua mua ma nā wahi mua o ka wīwī invertebrate a hoʻololi i nā mea kanu. ʻAi wale ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa ʻai, ʻo ia ka mea a ka lawaiʻa e lawaiʻa ai, e hoʻopio ana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻawe a i ʻole hoʻi ka pipi i ka kaula. pono ʻoe e ʻike he pale loa a kīpī a ʻae a hoʻi me ka hana pono i nā leo kūheʻe, e holo ana mai ke kahakai, kahi paʻakikī loa ka hopu. ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka pūnāwai a me ka laula. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻelele ka iʻa i loko o nā lua i lalo me ke kula. Uhi ʻia ka iʻa me ka mucus pale, hoʻopuni ʻana i ke kino a pale iā lākou mai ka manuahi.

Hōʻalo koʻi - kahi pōkole ka iʻa, ma kona kino he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā iwi, no ka mea e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā kīʻaha like ʻole. No ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, ua hopu mua ʻia ka iʻa e ka palaoa, a laila e lawe ʻia i loko o ka loko paʻa, e hoʻoikaika ikaika ana i ka nui o nā meaʻai. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me ka mālama maikaʻi, ulu wikiwiki ka iʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Amur ʻaʻole i meaʻai wale nō, akā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kahuhulu wai i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā mea kanu wai hoʻomehana.

Palapala kākela

ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā ʻōpala lau nahele nui i loko o nā kino nui o ka wai a me nā kahe, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kēlā mau wahi kahi e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia nā mea āpau e nā mea kanu. Loaʻa ʻia ia ma nā wahi waiwai i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu loea.

ʻO ka hale noho mua o ke kahe o ka muliwai ʻo Amur a me ka muliwaiʻo Xijiang ma Kina. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ʻano iʻa ma nā moku wai wai nui loa ma Rūma - ʻo Don, Volga, Yenisei a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻia ka hua ʻai i loko o Kazakhstan, Ukraine, USA.

Hoʻolauna Lupa

ʻO ke ʻano o ke ola laupū ​​ka lā nui loa, e like me nā cyprinids a pau. Hoʻomaka ia i ka ʻai i ke kakahiaka a me nā bypasses i koho mua ʻia ma nā wahi i koho ʻia. Makemake ʻo ia e bask i loko o ka wai māla i ka lā. ʻO ka hana o nā iʻa i hilinaʻi nui loa i ka mahana o ka wai. Inā mahana ka wai i ka 10 mau kekona, a laila hoʻōki ka kīʻaha i ka hānai, a inā e emi ka pākī ma lalo, e hālū maoli i ka pahu. No ka wā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma waena o nā lua lalo me ke kumu pū. I kēia manawa, ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa me ka mucus mahana.

Keʻaleʻa White Amour

ʻAi ai ʻo Cupid i nā mea kanu mea kanu, ke hoʻoulu ʻia ma mua o kona momona pono i kēlā me kēia lā. Mahalo i kēia makemake, ulu ka iʻa a hiki i ka 10 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki i nā pākeke ke hānai i nā mea kanu ʻāina, e like me ka mauʻu i ka wā o nā kahe i nā wahi heʻe. Inā makemake ʻia, hiki i nā kīʻaha nui ke lele i waho o ka wai, e ʻoki ana i nā lau o nā lāʻau e kau ana ma luna o ka wai.

Me ka ulu ʻana o ke kīʻaha kīʻaha, pono ke mālama pono i kahi meaʻai maoli nona. ʻAe maikaʻi ʻole ka iʻa, ʻoiai ia e ʻai maikaʻi. Ma muli o kēia, i ka mahiʻai iʻa i nā mahiʻai, e ulu ana nā mea kanu i ka ʻāina, no ka laʻana o nā ʻano cereals, clover, alfalfa, ua hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻai o ka lau manu. Pono kēia inā ʻaʻole lawa nā mea kanu i ka hale o ka iʻa no kahi kula nui o ka iʻa. Hoʻomau ʻia ka mauʻu i nā mahinaʻai a hoʻolei ʻia ka iʻa i ka loko, me he wai lā maoli.

Nā ala e hopu ai i ka kalapu mauʻu

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hopu i ka lāʻau kalapu ka mea i ka pūnāwai a me ka wā lohi, i ka manawa e hiki ai i ka mahana wai ke ana 14 a keu paha mau kiʻekiʻe. Inā nui wale ka punawai me ka algae, a laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana i ka lāʻau kalapu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lawaiʻa inā ʻaʻole i ulu pinepine nā mea kanu a hoʻomaka paha i ka makemake.

I ka wā ua, hoʻomaka ka ʻai i ka ʻai e ʻike pinepine a ʻike ʻia ma kahi o ka pā ʻana o ka makani. I ka wā wela o ka lā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lawaiʻa i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi paha, akā hiki i ka iʻa ʻōpio ke hana ikaika i ka lā a pau.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole e poina i ka nāhelehele lau he mea mālama akahele a hoʻihoʻi i nā leo nui, a hoʻihoʻi koke i ka hohonu o ka noho ʻana. Ma muli o kēia, he mea kūpono loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lewa a me ka mahana.

ʻIke nā poʻe lawaiʻa loea i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā kalapu ʻōpala, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka loleʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kēia mea ke hoʻolapalapa a pākī ʻia i nā mea kanu palaoa, a i ʻole nā ​​mea loiloi kūikawā mai kahi hale lawaiʻa.

Ma kahi kokoke i kēlā koʻokoʻo lawena e kūpono no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, akā naʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka māla laupili e hiki ke hoʻomāliʻi a olaola hoʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu e pono ai ka mākeke. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pale e hoʻomaka mai ka helu ʻeono, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma luna. Pono ke laina e koho i kahi mānoanoa hoʻomaka i ka 0.6mm.

Ke piʻi ʻana i ka maunu, e noʻonoʻo e ʻike ʻole ʻole ke kuapo a no laila, inā ʻaʻole e huli ke ʻano o ka iʻa a ʻae e hele mai i ka pain. Eia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pono ka maunu o ka ʻōpala i lalo, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hānai ka ʻōpala iʻa mai ia mea. ʻOi, inā ʻo ka pōkole ma lalo o 10 cm mai lalo.

Ke hopu i kahi kalapu mauʻu i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau hoʻopunipuni. Mālama ʻia ka umit i kahi mamao mai ka nohona o ka iʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi iki i kāna nalo ʻana. Ka ikaika loa ka ʻaihue mauʻu, me ka nui ʻana o ka iʻa me nā nui. I ka hiki ʻana ke kahe ʻana ma lalo o ka wai, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i ka pā ʻana i ka manawa koke. Akā pono ʻoe e hana i kēia lohi, no ka mea, me ka neʻe koke ʻana, hiki paha i ka laina lawaiʻa ke uhaʻi a haki paha i ka koʻokoʻo. Ke huki ʻana i kahakai, hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hāʻawi ikaika i ke kuʻi a huki i ka ʻohe. Pono e pale ʻia kēia kūlana, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke aho i ka laina lawaiʻa, a haʻalele ka iʻa i ka maka. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana i ka upena i ka wā e hoʻokokoke ai ka iʻa i ke kahakai.

ʻO Lākina Cupid

He aha nā ʻōpala kolo? ʻO ka iʻa, e like me ke kānāwai, hana maikaʻi i ka paʻu friable, no ka mea, he ala ākea ka nui o ka ʻohu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kīʻaha hoʻokoe a me nā mea i hana kūʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana no ka hānai ke hoʻohana i ka palaoa, oatmeal, nā kuki ʻokiʻoki, nā ʻikepili, nā ʻano cereals, bagasse, ka meli, ka waiū i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Eia kekahi, e like me ka maunu no ka cupid, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana:

• mau lau ʻōpio, lettuce, beets,
• mau lālā o ka Pīhī, ʻeli, spinach,
• ʻāpana o nā kukama
• pīpī, bīkī, palaoa, ʻuala, palaoa - pau i ka palaoa,
• ligature o kukama, ʻano o ka ʻohe, seaweed,
• lau o alder, willow, beans,
• ʻōpala, ʻōpala,
• ʻōpala ʻūhā, ʻūhini,
• honua kahi nūmū lepo,
• maggot, koko, wīwī o ka moa moa.

ʻĀ, e hele nā ​​iʻa i nā ʻohana i hana ʻia ma ka lau o semolina a iʻa mau palaoa a me nā soybee i hui ʻia me nā ʻalā o ka lula ʻia, a me ka pala, a me ka ʻula.

Nā kīʻaha kīʻaha

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lāʻau kālena i nā moʻa. ʻAi ʻia ka iwi o nā iʻa, no laila e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano kīmaha.

Hiki i ka pipi mai loko o ka lāʻau lau nahele hiki ke ʻai ʻia i loko o ke ʻano āpau a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā steaks. I ka wā e kolo ai i ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pānaʻi ʻana i ka foil, nāna e kōkua i ka mālama i ka wai, hiki i hope ke lilo i hoʻohui ʻia i ka pāngala a i ʻole kuala no ka pā.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā kīlī launa a me nā hōʻaʻai maikaʻi mai nā iʻa iʻa. He koho maikaʻi hoʻi ia e kuke ai i ka pēpē lau, mea maikaʻi no ka pāʻina gala. No nā mea e hahai i ke kiʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke i ke kīʻaha kīʻaha keʻokeʻo i loko o kahi mea kuke hoʻolōʻihi, kahi e ʻae iā ʻoe e wehe i nā palaka āpau mai ka pākina, i hana haʻahaʻa-calorie a maikaʻi loa ka waiwai.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka puʻuwai amur a me nā caviar i hoʻohui ʻia i nā pānaʻi a me nā ʻāpana ʻaoʻao.

E kuke i ke kīʻaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi chef kaulana loa. He lawa wale ke loaʻa i nā lako kīhini ponoi a pau a me ka makemake.

E ʻoluʻolu nā iʻa i kekahi ʻano, akā ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka palaoa. No ka palaoa, ka mea mua loa, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi kāʻei nui, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka iʻa, nā iwi liʻiliʻi e huki ʻia a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana aku. A laila pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe e hoʻopau i nā aniani āpau, me nā ʻāpana spine. Pono kēia mau mea e lawe ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū a paʻa mau ke kua o ka iʻa. Ma hope aʻe, holoi mākou i ke kupapaʻu me ka wai a waiho i ka paʻu me ka ʻōpū. Lubricate i nā mea āpau me ka mayonnaise a hoʻohui i nā mea ʻala e hoʻāʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā kīʻī i ʻoki ʻia ma luna a kālua i ka umu no ka hapalua hola. Manea ʻia e hoʻonui i ka wā kuke no ka iʻa nui. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomā i kahi iʻa ma ka foil, ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻia me ka lemon.

Live Keʻokeʻo Cupid

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Cupid ʻokoʻa. Ma waena o nā lawaiʻa e hiki ʻoe ke lohe i nā inoa ʻāʻī nui, no ka laʻana, kahi bipi wai, kahi ʻōpū ma lalo o ke kai a me kahi ʻōpua e hānai ana i nā mauʻu. Ua haku ʻia kēia mau inoa no kahi kumu. Inā noʻonoʻo ʻoe e pili ana iā ia, ʻike koke ʻia ke ala o ke ola o ka iʻa a me kona mau ʻono makemake ʻia i loko o lākou.

E ʻai ʻo Cupid i nā lau algae a me nā mea kanu aku. ʻO ia ke kumu i maikaʻi loa ai kāna ʻiʻo a me ke olakino. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Amur ʻaʻole ma loko o nā loko i loko o ke kai kūlohelohe, hiki ke hālāwai pū me kekahi kanaka no ka ʻohana o nā cyprinids. ʻO kekahi manawa, ulima ka ʻōpala lau mau loko i loko o nā loko a no kahi hana kūikawā. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia he kahu hānai o ka wai waiwai a e ʻai koke i ka nui o nā mea kanu, pēlā e hoʻopio ai i ka loko mai o ka nui o ke algae. Hiki i ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo no ka mālama ʻana i kou loko e ʻike ai ma ka ʻaoʻao - Ola kahi ʻōpala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā kumu kūʻai.

ʻIʻaʻa - ʻōpala lau

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Amur he iʻa kālepa me ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi a ʻono. He kanaka wiwo ole ke kanaka a wikiwiki i nā kūlana hou. ʻAʻole ia e pono i ka mālama kūikawā a me ka hoʻolaʻa kaʻawale, ʻo ka mea nui i pono e nui nā mea kanu i ka loko. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hānai i ka iʻa, a laila e ʻai wale ia i ka algae a ʻaʻole pili kēia i kona hoʻomohala ʻana.

I kēia mau lā, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano mea i kaulana loa i waena o ka poʻe e hoʻohiki i ka iʻa i loko o nā loko pilikino. Kūleʻa ʻo Cupid a hiki iā ia ke holoi i kahi kō wai o nā mea kanu. Inā he mau wahi liʻiliʻi i loko o ka wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiola i ka mauʻu i ka wai. I kekahi lā, hiki i kahi pākeke ke ʻai a hiki i 3 kilogram o ka mauʻu a i ʻole algae.

ʻO ka Far East, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Amur, ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka wahi e hānau ai ka ʻōpala lau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ke kīpē mauʻu nāhelehele, akā i ka hakakā ʻana i ka meaʻai me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i loaʻa pinepine i ka ʻole o ka meaʻai a ua loli maoli nō i nā mea kanu. Ua nui nā mea hoʻokūkū ma kēia wahi, a ʻai mau nā iʻa.

ʻIke koke nā iʻa i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ke kūleʻa a me ka noho pū ʻana me lākou. ʻO ka pinepine, ua piʻo ka ʻōpala i nā lau a i ʻole ka ʻili mauʻu. Ma Lūkia, aia kēia ʻano ma ka hope o ka pau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka Puke Red. I Kina, ua pohō ʻia ʻo ia i nā loko i nā mea ʻoniʻoni.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pulupulu mauʻu maʻalahi. Mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano ma ke ʻano o ke kino. He paipai ʻia a kulu ʻia kona ʻaoʻao. Nui nā pākahi a ʻōkuhi ʻia kēlā me kēia aniani.

Puʻu kona wā lōʻihi akā lōʻihi. Hōʻailona nā lua (me ke kua a me kahi kokoke o ka huelo) i pena ʻia i nā kalaʻeleʻele, ua pena ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau i nā ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka mea nui loa ka paʻu hope.

ʻO ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo Amur ka mea momona a me ke olakino, momona a hāpono. I ka hoʻomakaʻana i nā aʻa, loaʻa ka iʻa momona loa ka iʻa. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike i kahi kalapu huʻu me ka ʻeleʻele, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lua, akā ʻono nō a ua manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi ʻole ia. Pano nui ʻia ka iʻa ma waena o nā lawaiʻa a i kēlā me kēia makahiki nui a keu aku nā poʻe aloha ʻole i kūʻai ʻole i ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa i ka hale kūʻai, akā hopu iā lākou wale nō. Eia naʻe, ma Lūkia hiki ʻole ke hopu i ka kīpī ʻeleʻele, akā i hiki i ka keʻokeʻo ke loaʻa i nā mea āpau.

ʻO ka ho'ākāka o ka paulū lau

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka paulima laupana maʻalahi loa. Kū like ʻole ia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā cyprinids i kona ʻano kū like:

1. Ke kino lōʻihi me nā ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa,
2. He poʻo liʻiliʻi a ke poʻo i peʻe ai i loko.
3. ʻO nā lehelehe nui a kino
4. Aia nā nunui nui i ka ʻaoʻao o nā mea kanu,
5. Hōʻani ʻia nā poli pectoral me nā ʻōpala ʻaʻole e hiki ke nānā ʻia,
6. Hoʻomalima ke kua o ke kanaka o ka waiho ʻeleʻele hina. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kekahi poʻe e like me ka pale o ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele,
7. Aia kahi Iris gula i koʻu mau maka
8. He māmā ka ʻōpū, kokoke keʻokeʻo,
9. Hōʻuluʻaha nā ʻaoʻao i ke kala me ka ʻāpana kala.
10. Hopu nui nā unahi ʻāpana a hui pū ʻia
11. ʻO ka hope hope hope he pōkole.

Hiki ke ulu kālai lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe he 150 kenimika a loaʻa ke kaumaha a hiki i 50 kilograms. Akā, ʻaʻole loaʻa kekahi mau mea like. Pili, ulu lākou i 7-8 kilograms.

Ma nā wai ʻauluʻu e ulu maikaʻi ana

Mai ko mākou nānā ʻana, i kā mākou ʻāina ka "waena waena" o ka pala lau he nui ka ulu ʻana, akā aia wale nō ke kahe ʻana o nā wai wai, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i lalo o ia mau ʻano, ulu kekahi iʻa.

o kahi laʻana Ke ulu nei au i ka moʻo i loko o koʻu kahe a hoʻohui hou ʻo ia i kahi o 1 kg i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka paona

ʻAʻole ka hopena o ka hohonu o ka reservoir i ka ulu o ka iʻa. ulu ma waena hohonu a 1 m hohonu hohonu.

Mai 300-500 kalepa, ulu ke kīpē i 2-3 kilograms o ke "monster" keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo.

Ma kahi ākea, ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 hectekane "kū kū" a me kahi kūpono no ka waihona forage, "ʻaʻole hopohopo ka makuahine" e ulu pū kekahi

Ma nā hale liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, ʻo 1 ha me ka wai kūpaʻa ua nui kēi, kūpilikiʻi loa, a inā he nui nā "hoʻokūkū" ma laila, a laila hiki ke "kū" i ka ulu no nā makahiki he nui.

ʻO ke ʻauhau a me ka Etymology

Ua wehewehe mua ʻo Cupid i ka makahiki 1844 e ka zoologist Farani, ichthyologist a me ka maʻi kanikau ʻo Ashil Valenciennes (fr. Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) i ka helu 17 "Nā moʻolelo mananire des poissons»Ma lalo o ka latin binomen Leuciscus idella I ka makahiki 1866, ua kuhi ka Austool zoologist ʻo Franz Steindahner i kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa Ctenopharyngodonkahi i kau ʻia ai kēia manaʻo.

Lawe ʻia ka inoa Latin huaila mai ka Helene. Χτένα - crest, Helene. Φάρυγγα - pharynx a me ka Helene. ʻO ka niho ka ẟόντι, ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka hele ʻana o nā niho pharyngeal i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke ʻano o ka pai. ʻO ka inoa ʻano ʻano, e ʻike ʻia, mai ka idios Helene - ʻano ʻano, kūikawā.

ʻAno hānau

No ka manawa mua e kāʻai i ka makahiki o ka hoʻokahi a 11 paha makahiki, e hilinaʻi ana iā ia ma kahi o ka ʻāina. Ma nā ʻāpana o ke kikowaena o ia ka nui o ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wahi ʻaluna. ʻOi aku ka maʻi keu ma mua o nā wāhine. I ke kīkake ʻo Amur, lilo ka wahine i ka moe me ke kino o ke kino o 68-75 cm a me ka lehulehu o 6-7 kg i nā makahiki he 9-10 mau makahiki. Ma ke kūkulu hema o Kina, ua nānā ʻia ka makala ma ka makahiki o 3-5 mau makahiki me ke kino o ke kino o 4-6 kg. ʻO ka ʻōpala mua loa i ʻike ʻia ma India a me Cuba.

I ka manawa o ka spawning, hōʻike ka Cupid keʻokeʻo i ka moʻomeheu wahine. I nā kāne, ua kapa ʻia kahi ʻōlule i kapa ʻia i ke ʻano o nā tubercles mai nā keritized epithelium ma nā dorsal a me nā pectoral. I kekahi manawa aia nā ʻōkopa ma luna o ka puʻu o ka hope caudal. I nā wahine, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōmike like like i kekahi manawa no ka manawa pōkole, akā nāwaliwali lākou i hōʻike iki ʻia. Hōʻalo ke anus a huli ʻulaʻula.

Ma nā kahawai ʻo Kina, ua kanu ʻia i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake me ka piʻi ʻana i ka hopena o Mei Iune ma ka mahana o 17-27 ° С (ʻoi pinepine ma 2024 ° С). Ma Amur, spawning is nānā ma June - Iulai.Kui ka wai iā lākou no 100 km a ʻoi aʻe i ka wā o nā kahawai. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Caviar me ke anawaena o 2-2.5 mm i loko o ka pou wai i ke ahiahi a me nā hola kakahiaka i nā wā e piʻi ai ka nui o ka wai. Ma muli o ka hydration, hoʻonui ka nui o ka perivitelline, a hoʻonui ka lōʻihi o ka hua i ka 5-6 mm. Kūpono ʻo ka palupalu i ka makahiki a me ka nui o nā wahine a ʻokoʻa mai 237 tausani huaole i nā wahine i 7 mau makahiki a 67.5 cm ka lōʻihi a 1687 tausani mau huaʻa ma nā kānaka he 15 mau makahiki he 96 cm ka lōʻihi. Ma nā kahawai me ka papahele lūlū i lalo. I ka wai e kahe wikiwiki nei, e lawe ʻia ana nā hua ma lalo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka embryonic ma muli o ka mahana o ka wai a ma ka 22-26 ° C he 1.5-2 mau lā. 8 mau lā ma hope o ke hili ʻana, ua hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka ʻeke ʻeke, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke koʻi i ka meaʻai exogenous.

Kālā

ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe o kahi ʻōpala o ka ʻulepona ʻĀsia. Hoʻomaka ʻia ma ka waena a me lalo o ka muliwai ʻo Amur, i nā kahe kahawai o Kina a me Vietnam ʻĀkau. Aia nā māla nui loa ma ka Ussuri, Sungari, Lake Khanka, a me nā kahe mauka o Kina. Ma ka Volga (ma ka lalo haʻahaʻa), ma ka Don (ma waena a i lalo a hiki i lalo), ka hale kūʻai o Dnieper-Bug.

Pili kanaka

Kuku iki ka honua i nā ʻōpala o nā mauʻu ma nā mea kanu kūlohelohe a he 16 mau mea wale nō ma ka 2000. Ma ka manawa like, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā māka o ka Lūkini ma mua o 100 tons. Ke lawe ʻia nei ka lawaiʻa e nā lawaiʻa o kahakai, nā ʻupena a me ka paʻa.

Ma kahi ʻaoʻao aʻe, noho ka lāʻau kelepona i kahi kūlana alakaʻi i loko o ka wai hoʻōla wai. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua weli ʻia ka lāʻau kalepa ma Kina. I ka makahiki 7, ua hiki mai i ka mana o Tang Tango (618-904 gg. E.) ʻO ke kani ʻana o ka inoa o ka Emepela me ke kani ʻana o ka poʻe Kina i ke kalapu. A papa aku la ka emepera i ka hoopau ana a me ke kuai ana i ka kalima a puni ka aina. Pono nā māla Kina e ʻimi i kahi pani i ke kalapu. ʻO ke kāla manu keokeo a me ka ʻūhā keokeo, ke keʻokeʻo a me ke ʻeke kālā i koho ʻia i koho ʻia, no ka mea i loko o nā pa i huʻu o Yangtze a me Pearl River nā ʻano ʻāpala i kūpono loa kahi i kanu ʻia. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka ulu ʻana ma muli o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻāpala mai nā nohona kūlohelohe. ʻO ka kenekulia 20 wale nō ka hana ʻana o ka biotechnology no ka mālama ʻana i ka broodstock a me ka hanauna o nā hua i nā ʻano kūlohelohe. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻo Amur ma 50 mau ʻāina o Asia, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema no ka mahiʻai ʻana a me ka kāohi ʻana i ka nui o nā wai wai. Mai ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala koke ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻoihana kalapu. I ka makahiki 1950, ua ulu nā mea kanu honua i nā māla i nā holoholona he 10 tausani wale nō, ma ka 1972 ua hiki i 100 000 tons, a i ka makahiki 1990 ua ʻoi aku ia he 1 miliona mau mea. Ma 2016, ua ulu a keu o 6 miliona mau makahiki. Ua loaʻa i kahi kālaau i kahi kai alakaʻi i loko o ka wai ʻōpala wai. ʻO ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala kūloko i ka lāʻau kalima ʻo Kina.

I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka māla mauʻu ma nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa o USSR. I kēia manawa, he mea ia o ka lawaiʻa iʻa ma Ukraine, Russia, USA, Kazakhstan (Ili River, Lake Balkhash) a me nā ʻāina he nui ʻo ʻEulopa.

ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka paulū lau me ke kalima e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka mahiʻai ʻana o ka iʻa, me ka ʻaʻa ʻole lākou i ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Hoʻi kiʻi

ʻO Amur (Ctenopharyngon idella) nona ka ʻohana Karpov, nā kauoha o ka Karpovoobraznye, ke ʻano heʻa i ka Bone. Ua hele mai kēia holoholona mai Asia Hikina, kahi kiʻekiʻe kona kaʻina a hiki i kēia manawa, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka muliwai Amur a hiki i ka palena hema o Kina.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kuhi: Kālepū keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka mea ʻāpala keona he wahi iʻa koʻikoʻi nui, e lōʻihi ana i ka 1,2 m a me ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 40 kg. Loaʻa i ke kino kahi ʻano elongated, swollen; ua nānā ʻia kekahi mau lemi ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ua haʻahaʻa ke poʻo, pololei ka waha, ʻaʻole ka palahalaha o ka ʻaoʻao o ka waha ma mua o ka maka o ka maka ma kahi laina i kū pono ʻia. 'Ohola ka nui.

ʻO nā niho kūikawā - ka pharyngeal, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani 2, i hoʻoulu ʻia ma hope, i ʻili ʻia ka lihi o nā niho, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea ʻike, me ka puʻupuʻu ʻōlima. He nui a pākahi, nā pāpaʻi, me kahi kapa ʻeleʻele e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o kēlā me kēia pākahi. Ma ka ʻōpū, māmā nā unahi, me ke ʻano ʻole. ʻO ka hope a me ka ʻōpū ma waena o nā ʻala a puni.

• ka puka dorsal he ʻano like me ka helehelena, hoʻomaka iki ma mua o nā loina ventral, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe akā ʻaʻole lōʻihi, he 7 mau kohu ākea a me 3 mau kohu,
• ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā pila ventral i ka kuhi.
• anal fin he wahi liʻiliʻi iki, he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, he 8 mau lālā a me 3 mau kohu ʻole ʻole.
• caudal fin nui, waena waena.

He māmā nā unawa āpau koe wale nō no ka caudal a me nā dorsal. He kua uliuli ke kua o ke kua o ka mauʻu lau me ka hina hina, he kukui gula nā ʻaoʻao, me ke kaulike 40-47 e kū ana ma ka laina o hope. Aia ma luna o nā mea hoʻopili, i kahi uhi gill, kahi e hoʻoleʻaleʻa ai a kahuli ʻia. Nā kuapo me nā lāʻau koʻikoʻi a me nā koʻikoʻi pōkole. Loaʻa i nā maka he Iris gula. Loaʻa iā White Amur kahi 42-46 vertebrae a me kahiʻeleʻele, aneane ʻeleʻele peritoneum.

Hōʻailona kīʻaha Cupid

He mea hoʻohaumaha a hiki ke noho i kahi o nā kūlana. I kēia lā, hiki ke loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano o nā cyprinids ka mea ma ka Far Hikina wale nō, akā i ka nui o nā kaʻi kuke Lūkini, i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole wale nā ​​hale i loko o nā loko a me nā loko wai. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma nā muliwai Don, Volga, Ural a me Kuban.

ʻAʻole makaʻu nā Cupid i nā loli ʻana a he mea maʻamau ia i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka oxygen. Ua maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka wai anuanu a hiki ke hōʻano. Akā ʻo ia, he mea kūpono ia e kau i ka mea i loko o nā loko wai hoʻomehana, kahi i ke kauwela a wela ka wai a hiki i + 30-35 tikelī. Ma lalo o nā kūlana like, ulu ka iʻa a hoʻonui ʻia.

E ulu ikaika ana ʻo Cupid i ke kauwela. Inā i ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole e ulu iki ka iʻa, a laila i ke kauwela hiki ke hiki i ka ulu nui ʻana. A inā e hānai pono ʻia ka mea pono a ua haku ʻia nā ʻano kūpono a pau, a laila e hoʻomaka ka hua a me nā loko o nā loko wai.

ʻAi wale ka māla lau i nā mea kanu. Hoʻohui maoli ʻo ia i ke ʻano o nā mauʻu a lākou e hānai ai iā ia. ʻOiai i hoʻolei ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o ka loko, e ʻai nui ʻo ia iā ia me ka ʻoliʻoli.

Noho wale ia ma nā wahi he nui nā algae. Hiki i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke hānai aku i nā algae wale nō. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ke kahe koko a me nā ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi, nā mollusks. Akā me ka wā ʻōpiopio lākou e hōʻole ai i ka ʻai o ka ʻai a lilo i nā mea ʻala.

ʻO Cupid kahi kahu hānai i ka wai. ʻAʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale ia i ka loko i nā mea kanu nui, akā pale pū hoʻi i nā namu i ka hoʻonui ʻana aku. No laila, kokoke i nā loko wai kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻōpala lau, ʻaʻole.

Hiki i kekahi lā ke ʻai i nā mea kanu i kahi mea he kaupaona lā. I ka wā wela, e hoʻonui paha kona ʻai no ka mea e ulu nei ka iʻa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mahana a kau ke hau a mua, ua pau ka ʻū mauʻu i ka ʻai a me ka pua.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike i ka kalapu mauʻu me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o nā cyprinids. Me nā mea hoʻokūkū, hiki iā ia ke makaʻu ʻole. Me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaha ʻole ʻo ia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ia mea, ʻaʻole e ulu.

ʻO nā mea ʻai

ʻO kā Cupid ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono e ʻai i ka lā ma mua o ke kaupaona ʻana. No ka laʻana, kaupaona ʻo ia i 2 kg a ʻai mau ma mua o 2 kg o nā meaʻai like ʻole i ka loko.

He ʻaha nui ka māla lau, akā e hānai i nā mea kanu i kahi nui a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole wale nō ka lāʻau, akā, ʻo ka protein pū kekahi.

Manaʻo ʻia ka lau i nā meaʻai nui, no ka mea, ʻo ke kīpē i kapa ʻia ʻo "iʻa ka pua" a i ʻole ʻia ʻia ʻo ia he "puaʻa wai"

No ka ulu maikaʻi o ke kīʻaha, pono ʻia kahi meaʻai ola momona kiʻekiʻe, kahi i waiho ʻia i ka pou wai a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka waihona kālā, e pono ai hoʻi. Ma waho o ia mea, e ulu ulu loa "paʻa".

Nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole i nā makahiki like ʻole

ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka wā ʻōpio a hiki i ka 500 gram ʻAi ʻo ia i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu a me ka fou ʻana ma ka algae, nā pōhaku, nā ʻeke a ma lalo.

ʻAi pū kekahi i nā algae filamentous, aia i ka wela ke luku i ke kiʻi o ka reservoir, ʻo ia ke hoʻomaka ka wai e pua. A ʻo ka hopena me nā amphipods ola, nā koko koko, etc.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o 500 mau grama e ʻai wale ana nō i ka meaʻai ʻai wale nō, akā e hoʻomaka hoʻi hoʻi i ka huki o ka wai, ʻaina a ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.

No ke aha ʻaʻole e ulu nui ai ka Cupid

ʻO nā kūlana o ka paʻa, ka mea hānai i ka hana nui.

Inā liʻiliʻi ka reservoir, holo me ka nele o ka lako a me ka wai anuanu no ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, a laila ʻo ka iʻa o ka papa "e piʻi" i ka ulu.

A ʻo kekahi mau spimimens, maʻamau ma lalo o nā ʻano āpau, ʻaʻole ulu paha ma muli o ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka genetic i loko o ke kino, ʻo ka mea maoli, e like me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā iʻa me ka ʻano lawena o ka ulu ʻana.

Manaʻo wau he mea maikaʻi ka ʻatikala, akā he aha ka hewa!

Kauolae nānā hou aku i nā ʻatikala a me nā wikiō

E na hoa! ʻO nā manaʻo a me kou makemake kekahi mau pou hou.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: Kālepū keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka Belamur i loko o kona wahi kūlohelohe e neʻe i ka neʻe o ka manawa. Aia ka pā wela, aia ma nā kuʻina o nā kahawai, aia kokoke loa i ka wā anuanu a i ka wā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ka kahawai wai, kahi e hōʻuluʻulu ai i nā kula i nā lua o ka muliwai.

ʻO ka ʻōpala o kahi mea he stenophage, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hoʻohana nei ia i kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka ʻai no ka meaʻai - ʻo ia ka mea kanu iʻa a hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu ulu e ulu ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā kahawai a me nā loko wai. E kāpae i ka mea kanu, hoʻohana ia i nā ʻāʻī, a me ke kōkua o nā niho pharyngeal, he pala nā fibers mea kanu. Hiki i ke ulu o nā mea liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 3 cm ke hānai i nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi, nā crustaceans a me nā rotifers.

ʻO ka maʻa mauʻano i nā ʻano hana like ʻole i nā manawa like ʻole. No laila, i kāna wahi i loaʻa ai - ke kahe o ka muliwai Amur, ʻo ka mākona ma waena o 10 mau makahiki. Ma nā muliwai Kepanī ma mua, e 8-9 mau makahiki.

ʻOiai ʻo nā mea hoihoi: nā ʻelele o nā ʻano mea e noho ana i nā muliwai o Cuba ua hiki wawe i ka wā puberty, ma 1-2 mau makahiki o lākou.

Kuhi ʻia ʻo Caviar, ua hohola ʻia ka spawning ma luna o ka manawa:

• i na muliwai Kina mai Aperila a Augate,
• ma ke awawa Amur ma ka mahina o Iune a me Iulai. E ʻōlelo pū aku i ka hoʻōla i ka manawa like.

ʻO ka caviar pelagic, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia i kahi kūlana papaʻe i ka pou wai. 3 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā huaʻai, hō pālua ka honu mai iā lākou, pono e kūleʻa ka mahana o ka wai ma mua o 20 ° C. Haalele koke ka pīhoihoi i ka kahakai, kahi i loaʻa ai iā lākou nā kūlana e pono ai, me ka ʻai - nā pepeke, nā koʻala, nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā algae. Ma hope o ka uluʻana o kahi kino o 3 cm, e hoʻololi ana i kaʻai me nā mea kanu.

ʻAʻole hilahila ʻo Belamur, akā e makaʻala loa. He wahi āna e hū ai, no ka laʻana paha, ma lalo o ka pūnāwai wai a i nā lālā paha. ʻO nā ala e hele like ai ka lawaiʻa i ka iʻa. Pane ka lā makemake nui ʻo ia e ʻauʻau i loko o nā papa mahana o ka waihona kālā.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Hiki i nā mea pākeke o kēia mau ʻano ke ʻohi i nā hipa, ʻike ʻia kēia i ka wā hoʻoilo, ka ʻai o ka iʻa ma ka lua ma lalo o ka muliwai.

Mea ʻoi aku: ʻO nā lau ʻili kūikawā i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka mea huna hilo, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hiki ai iā ia ke holo i ka wai, no laila e hāʻawi aku i nā wahi o ka hōʻuluʻulu nui o nā iʻa.

Ma hope o ka hōʻea i ka wā'ōpiopio, (ma ka makahiki 7 he makahiki) i ke kauwela, hele ʻo Amur i kahi kikoʻī. Pono ka wai pāpaku, me kahi haʻahaʻa paakiki, kahi kumu o ka mea he pōhaku, a he pālolo paha. ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka heleʻana o kahi kūpono a me kahi mahana wai 25 ° C.

ʻO ka wahine, i ka awelika, kīwī e pili ana i 3,500 mau hua e kahe ana o ka wai wela me nā wai o ka wai, a laila e pālahalaha me ka kahe o ka wai. Ma hope o 3 mau lā, puka mai nā palaka mai nā hua.

I loko o hoʻokahi pule, ua waiho mua ka larva, i ka wā ma mua o nā mea kanu o ka wai i loko o ka wai kō. ʻO ka malek, aia i ke kai kahakai, e hānai i nā mea ola zooplankton a me nā benthos. Ma ka hiki ʻana i kahi ulu o 3 cm, huli ke Malek i kahi mea kanu meaʻai.

Mea ʻoiaʻiʻo: Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole - nele i ka meaʻai, ka manawa ikaika, ka pālua ʻana o ke anuanu, ke pani ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā hua mālama, ua ʻike ʻia, ka mea i kapa ʻia.

Nā Hoʻopiʻi kūlohelohe o nā kīʻaha keʻokeʻo

Hoʻi kiʻi

He pākaha ka pīpī White Cupid, no laila, ʻaʻohe ona kaila kūlohelohe i nā wai wai wai. Akā no nā ʻōpiopio'ōpio, e ulu nei, he nui nā pilikia, ma waena o:

• nā pōpilikia kūlana, ka laha o ka nui o ka wela, ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka kahe kahe, ka wai, ke kolo,
• pepona, amphibians, nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ke ʻai i ka caviar. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā hua i hala, e hoʻoweliweli paha kēia i ke ʻano o ka heluna kanaka,
• no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka mea ʻai iʻa ka hoʻoweliweli, kahi o ka pike a me nā iʻa, inā e kamaʻilio wale nei mākou i nā kōnihi wehe.
• nā manu e noho kokoke ana i nā wai wai, a me ka wai wai, hiki ke ʻai i nā mākeke liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻo kā lākou ʻano o nā ʻano, a hoʻopilikia pū kekahi i nā ʻano o ka lehulehu,
• ke kāne, me kona palaka a me kekahi manawa hoʻowahāwahā i ka lawaiʻa.

No ka mea he iʻa ʻono a maikaʻi loa ʻo Amur, makemake ka poʻe lawaiʻa e hopu iā ia. ʻO nā pilikia o ke kaiapuni, pōʻino, lapuwale lākou. Hōʻalo ʻia ka wai e ka lepo a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai ka hana hoʻopihapiha, e hoʻonui ai i nā pono o ka hānai i hoʻonui ʻia i nā mea ulu a me nā hormones e hoʻololi i ka biocenosis holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kuhi: ʻO Cupid i ka wai

He wā momona ʻo Belamur i ka waiwai, a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka heluna nā kānaka ma kāna ʻano kūlohelohe (Amur River basins) a ua noho haʻahaʻa. Aia kahi kūlana e ʻike ʻia ma hope o nā kaʻina o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka acclimatization i nā kino wai o ka honua. Ke lilo nei i mea kūʻai ʻole o ka ʻai o nā mea kanu, ulu maikaʻi ʻo Belamur, ʻoi aku ka hoʻokūkū ʻole ʻana i nā mea e ko ai o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka pilikia wale nō o ka ulu ikaika ʻana o ka poʻe o ka poʻe malihini i ka nele o nā kūlana kūpono no ka spawning. Maanei lākou e lawe ai i ka palaoa mai kā lākou wahi kūlohelohe a me nā pā hale hou a me nā pae hou. No laila, i kēia manawa, hōʻike pinepine ka luna ʻōpala i kahi mea nui no ka hopu nui ʻana.

Ma keʻano he huahana meaʻai, mahalo nui ka ipu. Ma kahi o kāna momona maikaʻi, uaʻai pū kāna momona i nā waiwai maikaʻi.
I loko o nā lawaiʻa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia, me ke kālai manu, ʻaʻohe ʻaʻa ʻole o ka hoʻokūkū i ka ʻāpana kai. Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka iʻa, ʻike ʻia e ka ulu wikiwiki, e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana mai ka hoʻomakeʻe ʻana mai o ka nui o nā wai wai, ke ʻano he mea hoʻomehana kūlohelohe, makemake ʻia i ka hoʻoulu.

ʻĀpō keʻokeʻo ʻelele kupaianaha maikaʻi o nā Karpovs. ʻO ka iʻa nani, me ka nui e hoʻohanohano ai. Ka manaʻo ʻole i nā kūlana o ke ola. He ʻoluʻolu nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi, a ka mea nui e hana ʻia e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kino wai, a me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa a me nā mea momona. Hoʻonui ʻia i nā wai wai o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu kūʻai.

He aha ka mea kanu ʻōpala?

Kuhi iki ʻia kēia ʻano e kona ʻano hiʻohiʻona maʻamau no nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana ʻaluna.

• elongated kino o ka ʻāpana ʻāpana lepa (cylinder) me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi,
• he poo nui me ka lae i
• ka waha me nā lehele ʻiʻo e kuhikuhi ana
• ʻO nā kaulahao pectoral i waiho pololei ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pihi o ka uhi i uhi ʻia, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā kāwili radial,
• i loko o ke kua o kahi ʻoliva ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka lehu hina hue,
• mau maka me kahi iris gula
• ʻōpū māmā
• nā pihi polima a i ʻole ʻalani paha me nā paikona cycloid paʻa a paʻa i nā kihi ʻono (40-47 i kahi laina).

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka iʻa he pōkole loa dorsal pōkole me nā hihi he 8-10, haʻahaʻa loa i ke anal iniha (11). Hoʻonui ka ʻōpala mauʻu nui i 120 cm a kaupaona ʻo 40 kg, akā ʻo nā kamaliʻi ʻōpio (3-5 mau makahiki) o 2-6 kg ka mea nui i loko o nā pahu maʻamau.

ʻAno Lūkinē

Ua hoʻopōmaikaʻi maikaʻi ka kamaʻāina ʻAmelika i nā kino wai o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa. Nui nā mea i loko o nā pūnaehana kahawai o Don, Urals, Kuban, Volga. He ʻanā o nā ʻano ākea ākea me ka walaʻeha me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke aupuni oxygen. Mahalo i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala, he mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka wai anuanu mai ka 0 a ka +5 C, akā makemake ka loko wai hoʻoluʻu (pūnāwai, puna wai, nā loko, nā alima wai hoʻohuihue) me nā wela o ke kauwela o + 25-30 C a ma luna aʻe, no ka mea he makemake nui ia mau ʻano i ka hoʻomōhala ʻana laau kanu.

Nā hana Cupid

Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana Nutrisi mai ʻApelila a waena oʻOkakopa. Ke hāʻule ka mahana o ka hoʻoilo i + 8-9 C, kū ka iʻa i ka ʻai a hoʻomākaukau i ka hoʻoilo, ke koho ʻana i nā lua hohonu loa ma lalo o ka waihona waiwai. I ka manawa mahana, ua komo ia i loko o nā ʻohana nui a hoʻopau i nā manawa āpau ma waena o nā māla lau a me nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu lalo, filgaous algae, a me ka duckweed. Hiki i ka ʻōpala ʻaʻa ke ʻai i kekahi ʻāpana o ka waihona, inā loaʻa nā meaʻai kūpono no ia.

ʻAʻole hilahila ka iʻa, akā e pono pono. I kahi kekāhi hopohopo, hele koke nō ia i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kaʻa wai nui a no ka manawa lōʻihi ke nānā ʻole aku i kahi āna i makemake ʻole ai.

Palapala waiwai i loko o ke ʻano

No kēlā kanaka kēia kanaka i ka iʻa puaʻa ʻohana o ka ʻohana cyprinid. Kūleʻa nui kēia mau holoholona, ​​e hōʻea i nā nui nui. Maikaʻi ʻia ka iʻa i ka lawaiʻa ʻana, aloha ʻia no kona ʻono kūikawā a me nā pono o ke olakino maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea noho o ka muliwai ke kumu o kahi helu maʻamau o nā kīʻaha anu a me ka wela, nā salads a me nā mea ʻai.

I loko o nā kaila kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Noho nui ʻo ia ma nā kahawai o Rūsia, ma nā loko loko o East East, i Amur a me kekahi mau muliwai o Kina. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea like i loko o ke aupuni o USSR me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻonui hou aʻe i ka hopena o ka acclimatization kūleʻa. I ka wā mua, hoʻokani ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka lapalapa, no ka mea ʻai ka iʻa i ka nui o ka mauʻu i kēlā me kēia lā - ʻoi aku ka paona. Ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale kahakai, ua ʻānai nā poʻe noho i ka mauʻu i loko o nā wai wai, e hānai ana i nā poʻe noho o ka muliwai.

ʻO ia ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu i makemake nui i nā poʻe kākoʻo o ka palekana o ke kūlohelohe a me ka ikehu, ka mea nāna i manaʻo ʻole e hana me nā loko wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā hale hana nui.

Ma kēia wikiō e aʻo ai ʻoe i ka mea maikaʻi ʻole i ka iʻa.

ʻO kekahi mau algae, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻano like ʻole (no ka laʻana ʻo Elodea) i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia i ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka paulū.

ʻAno lawehala

Pau ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a loaʻa ke kaumaha mai ka puna a i ke waena waena. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mahana i ka +10, hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hoʻomākaukau no ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ia ke koho i kahi ma ka lalo a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻai ʻana.

I ke kauwela, hōʻiliʻili ka iʻa i nā kula a makemake e noho i nā māla. No ka iʻa ʻaʻole ia he wahi e noho ai. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā ʻāpana o ke kō, a ma ka lalo.

ʻAʻole hilahila nā lāʻau kaluna, akā nānā mau nā maka mua a ma hope wale nō ke hele mai i ka meaʻai. Inā lohe ka iʻa i ka walaʻau, haʻalele koke ʻo ia i kona wahi. Hiki i kahi lōʻihi ke lōʻihi e nānā i nā kaʻa pono kūpono a hoʻohana i ka hale hou. Inā makemake ʻole ʻo ia i nā kūlana, hana maikaʻi ʻo ia a nānā ʻole i ka hānai.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke koiola

No ka hapanui, he mea kūpono ʻole inā he palahalaha a i ʻole ka ʻōpala lau. Ka uhi ʻana ma ke ʻano maikaʻi. He kino kino ʻiʻo kēia mea ʻōpiopioka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano o kahi cylinder. Ka uhi ʻia ka iʻa me nā unahi mākaʻi ʻoi. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka pilikino i hoʻokele ʻia e ulu i loko o ka mea mālama i ka 120 cm me ke kaumaha o 30 kg.

ʻO ka momona ka momona, momona a no laila loaʻa ka waiwai like no ke olakino kanaka. He mea kaulana i ka kuke ʻana, e hōʻike iki i nā ʻano kuke ʻana:

Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia kēia iʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻO ka waiwai nui o ke kīʻaha ʻo ia ka leʻa. Ke hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻomaʻū ʻole iā ia ma mua o ka kalō maoli, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻala maikaʻi he mea leʻa maoli, ka huki ʻana i kahi mea ʻono maoli a me nā pono nui.

ʻO ka iʻa iho kahi "vegetarian", no laila ʻo loko o kāna pūpū ʻaʻohe nā mea ʻona e hoʻopalike ai i ka olakino o ke kanaka.

Nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi

ʻAʻole nā ​​mea hoʻonaʻauao i nā ʻōpala o nā lauhele wale nō ka mea e huki i ka poʻe aloha iʻa. He huahana maikaʻi maikaʻi loa kēia e loaʻa ai ka pehu piha o nā huaora a me nā minela. I loko o nā nui, ka ʻai o ka iʻa i loaʻa ka protein koʻikoʻi, e maʻalahi i ka maʻalahi. He mea nui nā Antioxidants no ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, e mālama ana i ka nani a hoʻolōʻihi i ka ʻōpio.

Nui nā huahana he nui i kēia iʻa

ʻO ka Vitamin A, B, C, E kahi hopena paʻakikī, pale i ke kino o ke kanaka mai nā maʻi a me nā maʻi, e kākoʻo ana i nā hana metabolic a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōmaiko thyroid.

Mahalo i ka sodium, magnesium, potasiuma, hoʻemi wai ka wai a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano o nā hormones e mālama. ʻO ka ʻai kekahi i ka phosphorus, indispensable no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā iwi a me nā niho olakino.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau kalapu ma nā hopena maikaʻi i nā ʻoihana āpau o nā ʻōpū o ke kanaka.

• hoʻolaʻa haʻahaʻa kino kolesterol,
• emi ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes a me ka maʻi thyroid
• Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hana o ka naʻau,
• e hoʻolohi ana i ka hele mua ʻana o ke kino,
• kaʻina mea pili kūlohelohe.

Ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana i nā lehelehe a me ka hoʻouluʻana i ka hana metabolism, ua kaulana loa ka huahana i ka meaʻai meaʻai. Me kāna waiwai momona o 165 kcal i ka 100 g, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 g o ka momona a me 18 g o ka protein.

ʻO ka ʻai momona hoʻi ke komo pū me ka folic acid, riboflavin, omega fatty acid, calciferol a me pantothenic acid. ʻAʻole ke Kaa i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kīpī laupili huipū me ka nalo ʻana o ke ʻano, ke kaumaha, ke kaumaha a me ka mālama mau i kona ʻano naʻau.

Akā he nui a nuances

Nā Hoʻohui

He waiwai maikaʻi ka hopena maikaʻi o ka poʻe noho ma ka muliwai, akā pono e loiloi i nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā hōʻino o ka lāʻau lau nahele no ke olakino. ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi loa ʻaʻole hiki i ka hōʻemi ke hoʻoneʻe i ke olakino. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo a ʻaʻohe kūpono o kekahi o nā iʻa no ke kino.

Ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi nui, hiki mai ke oona, akā e ʻona wale nō i ka wā i pau ʻia nā kūlana mālama. Ma muli o nā hopena o ka maʻi kalima a me nā mea hōʻeha, ʻo kā lākou ʻiʻo ka mea kūpono ʻole i ka ʻai, no laila pono ʻoe e koho i ka huahana i nā hale kūʻai a me nā mākeke (ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i ke kauwela wela) me ka mālama pono.

Aia nā ʻāpana o ka poʻe pono ʻole e ʻai i kēlā iʻa

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kīʻaha kalepa ma nā māhele aʻe o nā kānaka:

• maʻi kūloko i ka kai a me ka protein,
• me nā maʻi o ka pēpē a me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana,
• me ka momona.

Me kēlā me kēia ala kuke, pono ke kau ʻia ʻo ka iʻa i ka mālama wela ʻana e pale aku ai i ka maʻi me nā parasit a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Nā mea huaʻai i ka iʻa

Kūpono nā ʻeke mākaʻi nona, ʻo ia hoʻi, he nui nā iwi i loko. ʻO ka mea kū hoʻokahi o ka ʻano o kēia iʻa, ʻaʻole wale ia he mākala nui, akā he nui wale nō mau iwi ʻuʻuku ʻaʻole e hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i ka wā o ka hōʻoki ʻana a me ka kuke ʻana. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa wale nō i kēia ʻohana, ʻo ke kihi maka, heʻuʻuku kekahi mau iwi a ua uhi ʻole ʻia i nā unahi.

Ke koho ʻana i nā iʻa no ka kuke ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā ʻōhapa nunui, no ka mea, he liʻiliʻi nā iwi liʻiliʻi i loko o lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ke kūʻai nei i kahi huahana, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka maikaʻi: ʻaʻole pono nā pale a nā pālima, pono nā eleni.

Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kīpē i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō, no ka mea hiki ia ia ke lilo i nā mea waiwai pono pono ia. ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama no ka manawa lōʻihi, no ka mea, e hōʻole koke ana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kuke koke i ka iʻa i kūʻai ʻia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia no ka kuke ʻana i ka ʻai, nā ʻiʻo minced a i ʻole fillet.