Holoholona holoholona Saiga * Nā Pākuʻi

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ʻO Saigas (Latin Saiga tatarica) pili nā mamm steppe artiodactyl mai ka ʻohana bovids, no laila ka pā kahiko o kā lākou holoholona me nā mammoths. I kēia lā, ʻelua mau subspecies o Saiga tatarica tatarica (kaila ʻula) a me Saiga tatarica mongolica (ʻulaʻula).

A kaulana hoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo margach a me nā ʻāpana waena. I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona ma muli o ka mālama pono ʻana, no ka mea, aia ma ka hope o ka pau ʻole.

Ua manaʻo kekahi mau kānaka pākōlani i kēia mau momma. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka pilina pili ma waena o kēia mau holoholona a me kānaka me ka moʻolelo o ke saigak keʻokeʻa e ka mea kākau ʻo Ahmedkhan Abu Bakar.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau

ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia holoholona he nani. ʻO ka mea mua e hopu koke ai i kou maka, ke nānā ʻoe kiʻi i keiga - kā lākou mau kihi humpback ākea a me nā proboscis pūkuniʻi me nā ʻōpū a puni i hoʻopuni ʻia. ʻAe ke ʻano o ka ihu e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻomālamalama i ka ea anuanu i ka hoʻoilo, akā e paʻa pū nō ka lepo i ke kauwela.

Ma ke poʻo o ka poʻo humpbacked, he ʻōpū, piha ke kino a hiki i ka hapa a me ka hapalua nā mika ka lōʻihi, e like me nā artiodactyls a pau, pau i nā manamana lima ʻelua a me nā kuahiʻu.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona a hiki i 80 cm ma ka maloʻo, ʻaʻole e kau ʻia ka paona i ka 40 kg. Kūlike ka kala o nā holoholona i ka manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, ua mānoanoa a mahana a ke kapa, he māmā, me ke kumu ʻulaʻula, a i ke kauwela he lepo maʻemaʻe ia, ʻeleʻele ma ke kua.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo o nā kāne i ka translucent, ʻekele melemele keʻokeʻo e ʻoni a kū i ke aniani a 30 cm lōʻihi. ʻigalelo pū hoʻomaka kokoke koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ke keiki bipi. ʻO ia ua mau pepeiaʻi i kumu i pau ai kēia ʻano.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā 90s o ka hala o ke kenekulia hope ua kūʻai maikaʻi ʻia nā mākekeʻeleʻele, i kiʻekiʻe loa ko lākou kumukūʻai. No laila, ua luku ʻia ka poʻe poimana e lākou he ʻumi kaukani. Noho ʻo kēia poʻe saigas ma Uzbekistan a me Turkmenistan, nā ʻāpana kūlana o Kazakhstan a me Mongolia. Ma ka ʻāina e loaʻa iā lākou ma Kalmykia a me nā ʻāina Astrakhan.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

Ma kahi e noho ai ka saiga, pono e maloʻo a ʻalalahi. Kūpono no nā steppe a i ʻole semi-wao. Kolahi ka mea kanu i loko o kā lākou mau wahi, no laila pono lākou e neʻe iki i ka manawa a pau i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.

Akā makemake ka poʻe holoholona e noho mamao aku i nā mahina lulu, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki no ka pākeke ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopiʻi i nā mea kanu i ka mahiʻai wale nō i ka makahiki maloʻo loa, a, ʻaʻole like me nā hipa, ʻaʻole lākou e hehi i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka ʻāina puʻu.

Saiga - holoholonae paʻa ana ia i loko o kahi pipi. He mea kupanaha kupanaha i ka hele mua ʻana i ka poʻe hipa, helu ʻana i nā tausani o nā pahuhopu. Me he kahawai lā e piʻi nei lākou i ka ʻili. A ua kūpono kēia i ke ʻano o ke ʻano antelope holo - amble.

Hiki iā Margach ke holo i lōʻihi no ka lōʻihi o ka wikiwiki a hiki i 70 km / h. ʻAe, a ke lana nei kēia mea saiga antelope maikaʻi maikaʻi, aia kekahi mau hihia o ke kālai ʻana i nā holoholona ma waena o nā muliwai ākea, no ka laʻana, ʻo Volga. Mai ka manawa o ka manawa, hana ka holoholona i nā lele kū i ke holo ʻana.

Mamuli i ka manawa, neʻe lākou i ka hema i ka wā e hoʻokokoke ana ka hoʻoilo a e hāʻule ana ka hau mua. Hana pinepine nā malihini me ka ʻole mau mohai. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai o kahi hau hau, hiki i kahi pipi i kēlā me kēia lā ke hiki ke kū aʻe a i ka 200 km ʻaʻole e pani.

Nalo a nāwaliwali nā maʻi palupalu a ikaika i ka holo, make lākou. Inā kū lākou, e pau ana kā lākou bipi. I ke kauwela, hele ka ʻohana i ke kūkulu ʻākau, kahi i momona ka nui a nui ka wai inu wai.

Ua hānau ʻia nā pēpē o kēia mau anelope i ka hopena mua o ke kau, a hele i kekahi mau ʻāina i mua o ka genus saiga. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ke kākela no nā holoholona, hoʻomaka lākou i ko lākou neʻe ʻana i ka pūnāwai, a laila ma loko o ka pipi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā keiki.

Ke waiho wale nei nā makuahine i kā lākou mau pēpē i ke alapine, hele mai ʻelua wale nō ka lā e hānai iā lākou

I nā makahiki he 3-4 lā a kaupaona a hiki i 4 kg, he hoʻohenehene lākou he mince no ko lākou makuahine, ke hoʻāʻo nei e mālama. ʻO kēia mau momi mau ka alakaʻi i ke ʻano o ke ao, a moe ka pō. Mai ko lākou mau ʻenemi nui - ʻo ia ka welo steppe, hiki ke hoʻopakele i nā holoholona me ke kōkua o ka holo wikiwiki.

ʻAi Saiga

I nā kahakai like ʻole, hiki i nā pua o saigas ke hānai i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, aia kekahi o nā mea āpau i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā pua cereal maikaʻi, palaoa a me ka ʻalā, quinoa a me hodgepodge, aia wale nō ma kahi o hoʻokahi mau mea kanu mea kanu i komo i loko o ka meaʻai margach i ke kauwela.

ʻO kaʻai i nā mea kanu wai, nā antelope e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou pilikia me ka wai a hiki ke hana ʻole me ia no ka manawa lōʻihi. A i ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ka wai, ʻai nā holoholona i ka hau.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Hōʻalo ka manawa hoʻohālikelike no nā saigas i ka hopena o Nowemapa a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Dekemaba. I ka wā o ke kaʻa, ʻimi nā kāne a pau e hana i kahi "harem" o nā wahine he nui. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā kāne ma mua o nā kāne. Aia i ka makahiki mua o ke ola ua mākaukau lākou e lawe mai i ka hua.

I ka wā o ka rut, kahi wai brownish me kahi mea ʻala maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā kima e pili kokoke ana i nā maka. Mahalo i kēia kāne "aroma" i kēlā me kēia i ka pō.

ʻO ka pinepine ma waena o nā kāne ʻelua i hoʻoulu ʻia, hoʻokūkū pū kekahi i kēlā me kēia, a hāhaii lākou i ko lākou lae a me nā pū a hiki i kahi o nā ʻenemi e waiho mau ana.

I kēia mau kaua, hoʻouka pinepine nā holoholona i nā hōʻeha weliweli, ma hope e make ai lākou. Lawe ka mea lanakila i nā wahine i hoihoi i ka harem. ʻO ka wā rutting e mau ma kahi o 10 mau lā.

I ka roguel ikaika a maikaʻi, a i ka 50 mau wahine i loaʻa i ka pipi, a ma ka hopena o ka wai i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea mai kekahi (i nā wahine ʻōpio) a ʻekolu mau wiki. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hele aku nā wahine i nā kuahiwi, kahi mamao loa mai ka lua wai. ʻO kēia wale nō ke ala e pale ai iā ʻoe iho a me kāu poʻe keiki mai nā mea kahālua.

ʻO nā lā mua loa, ʻaʻole he neʻe a holo ka bipi ʻōlule ma luna o ka ʻāina. Hoʻohui ʻili ʻia kona hulu me ka ʻāina. He mau manawa wale nō ka lā e hele mai ai ka makuahine i kāna pēpē e hānai iā ia i ka waiū, a me ke koena o ka manawa e hānai wale ʻia ʻo ia i kahi kokoke.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole i pā pono ka bipi keiki, palupalu a lilo i mea maʻalahi no ka ʻalopeke a me nā ʻīlio, a me nā ʻīlio puaʻe. Akā ma hope o 7-10 lā, e hoʻomaka ana ka saiga ma luna o kona kuʻekuʻe, a i hoʻokahi mau pule aʻe e hiki ke holo ʻoi aku me ka wikiwiki.

I ka awelika, i ka vivo saigas e ola a hala i ʻehiku mau makahiki, a i ka pio ʻana ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ʻana he ʻumikumamālua makahiki.

No ka ʻano o ka makahiki o kēia ʻano o ka artiodactyls ua ʻelemakule ʻia, ʻaʻole pono e pau. I kēia manawa, ua lawe ʻia nā hana āpau ma ka ʻāina o ka Lūkini Kūʻai a me Kazakhstan e mālama ai i nā saigas. Ua ho’onohonoho ‘ia nā Zapovedniks a me nā mālama kūlohelohe, ke kumu nui e mālama ai i kēia nānā kumu no nā hua.

A ʻo ka hana wale wale a nā poʻe poʻomanaʻo e pane ana i ke kaʻina e kūʻai i nā pepe, i kēlā me kēia makahiki ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka lehulehu o ka heluna kanaka. Ua hoʻomau ke Kina e kūʻai i nā pepeiaohao kūʻai ʻaila e lele ai ia, ʻaʻole hopohopo, ʻo nā pepeiaohao kahiko, a he hou, mai ka holoholona i pepehi wale ʻia.

ʻO kēia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna. Manaʻo ia ʻo ka pauka i hana ʻia mai lākou e hoʻōla i nā maʻi he nui o ka ʻā o ka ʻā a me ka ʻōpū, hōʻeha, a hiki i kahi manawa ke hoʻopuka i kahi kanaka mai kahi pōpō.

E like me ka manawa e koi ai, aia nō nā poʻe e makemake e hoʻomaikaʻi mai kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi. A e alakaʻi i kēia hiki i ka nalowale i nā antelope, no ka mea pono ʻoe e lawe i ka 3 mauʻu o ka pauma mai nā pū.

Kāleka

He holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo Saiga. Ke kāʻili nei i ka subfamily antelope, he pelepeke elongated liʻiliʻi ka saigas, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i hoʻokahi a me ka hapaʻelima mau lōʻihi, nā wāwae haʻahaʻa a me kahi ʻikuʻu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā maloʻo ma kahi o ʻewalu kenimita, akā ʻoi aku hoʻi ia ʻo ka liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka paona o ka saiga ka mea maʻamau mai 25 a 60 mau kilogram, ʻo ka paona o ka holoholona ma luna o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai ma ka ʻāina a ma ka ʻano o ka holoholona. Ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine i ke kaupaona a me ka nui o nā kāne.

He mau pepeiaohao nā mele i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo a he pālahalaha kikowaena kūlike. I ka lōʻihi, ulu lākou i ka kanakolu kenimita.

ʻO ka huluhulu Saiga i ke kauwela, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka ʻōpū, ke one a me ke kala ʻulaʻula. Ma ka ʻōpū, ua ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka lauoho kaila. I ke kau anuanu, lilo nā lauoho saiga i ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma kekahi mau wahi he mau poli hina a ʻulaʻula paha. I ka hoʻoilo, ua lilo i nā mānoanoa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho kaiga, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻia me ka hau.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka saiga he ʻano maʻamau o kona ihu, ʻoi aku ka ʻano o nā ʻāpana puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka ihu o ka ihu humpbacked he mea ākea loa a mahele nui i ka lōʻihi o nā lehelehe. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ihu e kōkua me ka saigas e ola maluhia i ko lākou mau wahi: i ka hoʻoilo, ke manawa anuanu ka manawa e hoʻomehana ai ma hope o ka hoʻāhu ʻana, i ke kauwela he kānalua mau ia e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka lepo a pale iā ia ke komo i ke kino.

Makemake e ʻike i nā mea āpau

Saiga, or saiga (Latin Saiga) he pua o nā holoholona mamm i pili i ka oi o artiodactyls, ka ʻohana o nā bovids, he subfamily o nā antelope maoli. He wahine ke saiga, he kāne ke saiga, ua kapa ʻia ka saiga a i ʻole margach.

Ua kū ka inoa o Lūkini ma muli o kēia mau ʻōlelo i ka pūʻulu o ka hui Turkic, kahi i pili ai i ka manaʻo o ka "chagat" a i ʻole "saiɣak" i kēia holoholona. ʻO ka wehewehe Latin, ka mea i lilo ma ke ao honua, ua kū mai, e like me ka mahalo i ka hana a ka mea kākau moʻolelo a Austrian a me diplomat Sigismund von Herberstein. ʻO ka manawa mua loa, ua kau inoa ʻia ka inoa saiga i kāna mau moʻolelo ma Muscovy, a i hoʻi mai i ka makahiki 1549. A MA MA. ʻO Dahl i ka wā o ka hana o kāna 'wehewehe' ōlelo ma ka Lūkini 'notedlelo' notedlelo e mālama ʻia ka manaʻo o ka "saiga" a "margach" no nā kāne, a kapa ʻia nā wahine i kapa ʻia ʻo "saiga".

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Saiga i nā holoholona kūlohelohe i paʻa i ko lākou helehelena ʻole i loli ʻole mai ka manawa o ke ʻano o ka nui o nā mommoth me ka honua. No laila, ʻokoʻa ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia artiodactyl e kekahi ʻano kūlohelohe, ma muli o ia hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā momi ʻē aʻe.

He lōlani he pelekane, he holoholona i ka wāwae he 110 ka lōʻihi i ka 146 cm (me ka ʻīʻī) a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lau o 60 a 79 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo e piʻi ana he 11 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka saiga e like me ka wahine a ma waena o 23- 40 kg, ʻoiai hiki i nā kāne pākē ke hiki i ke paona kino he 50-60 kg. ʻO nā wāwae o nā antelope piʻokeʻo he pōkole a he ipo, he nui ʻole ka pāhihi, elongated.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻelele a pau o nā ʻanoʻano o ka ihu pihi palalike o ka saiga, he mea hoʻomanaʻo o kahi puʻupuʻu pōkole. Holoi kēia ʻili ʻana i kahi lehelehe kiʻekiʻe, a ma lalo iho o nā lehelehe lalo, a he nui nā pūhaka nūhi nui, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻāpana keʻakeʻa loa. Ma muli o ka elstated o ka vestibule o ka ihu, ʻo ka hoʻoiho hoʻohemo ʻana i ka lewa mai ka lepo i loaʻa i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, a i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ʻia ka ea anhaled.

Eia kekahi, me ke kōkua o ka ihu-trunk i ka manawa o ka wā e moe ai, ua hana nā kāne saigas i nā leo kūikawā e hoʻoweliweli aku i ka hoae a hoʻowalewale i ka manaʻo o nā wahine. I kekahi mau hihia, ua lawa ka nui o ka leo, a ʻaʻole pono nā kāne e kau i kā lākou mau mea kaua - nā pepeiaohao, ʻo ia kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā hana malorphism.

I ke ʻano, hoʻohālike ʻia nā pūlohi saiga me ke kani ā kihi a ulu i luna o ke poʻo a kokoke i ke kiko. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā pū eo me 25-30 cm, a he ʻelua-hapakolu, e hoʻomaka ana mai ke poʻo, ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā kuʻi laha annular. ʻAnoʻulaʻula ke kala o nā pepeiao. I ka wā pākeke, lilo nā pepeiaohao o ka holoholona i translucent me kahi lepa melemele-keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono a ma hope o ke hala ʻana o ke kāne i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa makahiki, e pau ka ulu ʻana o nā pū. ʻAoʻewa ka wahine o Saiga.

ʻO nā pepeiao a me nā pepeiao ka holoholona. Nūnū ʻia nā maka hee liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kokoke kokoke nā maka, nā ʻili o ke alo, a ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻia ka iris.

ʻO ka hulu laula pōkole a pōkole ke keʻokeʻo he melemele ʻulaʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao a i hope. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hulu, i ka 2 cm. Ma ka ʻōpū, e emi nui ana ke kala o ke kapa. Ke keʻokeʻo nei ke kino haʻahaʻa, ʻāʻī, a me nā loko hoʻi o ka wāwae. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hele a uhi ʻia nā saigas i ke kapa makika, ke kāʻei hoʻi me ka hue, a hiki i ka 7 cm a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi. Mahalo i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, kekahi puaʻa o saigas e waiho ana ma luna o kahi hau hau e ʻike nui nei i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO ka hoʻololi i ka uhi hulu, ka saiga molt, e kau ana i ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻulu.

ʻO Saigas nā holoholona i kālai ʻia i loaʻa iā lākou kahi ulu maikaʻi o ka ʻono, no ka mea, ke nānā nei lākou i nā mea ʻala o ka ohe hou o ka uae a me ka ua ua hala. ʻO ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi paha e hiki ai ke hopu i kekahi mau leo kānalua i ka lōʻihi, akā ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa nā holoholona artiodactyl i loko o ka ʻike maikaʻi.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola?

Loaʻa ka ola ola o kahi saiga ma vivo e pili ana i ka wahine. Noho ʻo Saiga kāne mai 4 a 5 mau makahiki, ʻo ke ola o nā wahine mai 8 a 10-12 mau makahiki.

Nā ʻano ʻano saigas.

Hoʻokomo wale nō nā mea he 1 i ka hua manu - saiga (Latin Saiga tatarica), kahi i hoʻohanohano ʻia nā 2 subspecies:

Kūpono ʻia nā Saiga tatarica tatarica nona ka holoholona i ka makahiki 2008 he ʻoi aku ma kahi o 50 tausani mau kānaka. Noho ʻo Saigas i nā kapuwai a me nā wao o Rūsia (North-Western Caspian), ʻo Kazakhstan (Ustyurt, Betpak-Dala, Volga-Ural sands).

Palapala ʻaʻano ʻo Saiga tatarica mongolica e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o kāna helu ma ka 2004 i kahi 750 pākahi. ʻOkoʻa ʻē nā subspecies mongoliola mai ke Saiga tatarica tatarica ma ka nui o ka nui o ka kino, ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiaohao a me ka noho ʻana.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ke saiga?

I loko o ka manawa ma hope o ka mokulele ʻo Late Valdai, noho ʻo Saigas i kahi ākea ākea, e piʻi ana mai ke komohana Komohana a me Nui Pelekane a hiki i Alaska a me ke komohana ʻĀina. I nā makahiki 17-18, noho nō nā holoholona i kahi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, mai nā kiwi o Carpathians a hiki i Mongolia a me Kina komohana. Ma ka ʻākau, ua holo pono ka palena o ka nohona ma ka Baraba Lowland ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Western Siberia. Ma muli o ka noho ʻana o ke kanaka, ua emi nui ka nui o nā saigas. I kēia manawa, noho wale ʻo saigas ma nā kihi wāwae a me nā semi-deses o Kazakhstan (ma nā leona Volga-Ural, Ustyurt a me Betpak-Dala), ʻo Rūlia (North-Western Caspian), a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Mongolia (Shargin Gobi a Somon Mankhan). Ma Lusia, e noho ana ka saiga ma nā anuʻu i ka ʻāina ʻo Astrakhan, ma Kalmykia a me ka Altai Republic.

I ka manawa o ke kauwela-kauwela, nā puahiwi saiga, ka nui o nā kānaka ma kahi o 40 a 1000 mau holoholona, e noho ana i nā wahi pālahalaha a i nā wahi climatic semi a me ka nui o nā wahi pāpū a me ka hala ʻole o nā kiʻekiʻe a me nā poho. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā i hele ai ka hau, makemake nui nā holoholona e hūnā i ke kū ʻana i ka makani ma nā wahi puʻu. ʻO ka hoʻopili ana i nā saigas i nā wahi wili me ka lepo a i ʻole ka lepo lepo e pili ana me kāna huakaʻi holo. Ke neʻe nei lākou ma kēia ala, ʻaʻole hiki i ka holoholona ke lele ʻoi i kahi koena liʻiliʻi ma ka laulā.

Ke alakaʻi neiʻo Saigas i kahi ola nomadic, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka lā. I ka manawa pōpilikia, hiki i ka wikiwiki saiga hiki ke 80 km / h, a ke hele ʻana ke kahakahi mamao i ka mamao lōʻihi o ka puʻu me ka holo kaʻa ma ke alapine i ke ala wikiwiki o 60 km / h. ʻO ke ʻano o ka neʻe i koho ʻia e ke alakaʻi e loli nui i ka ʻole o ke kau ʻana i ka wikiwiki.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau ka saigas i nā wahi i hele ʻole ai ka kiʻekiʻe o ka uhi hau ma luna o 15-20 cm. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, lele nā holoholona i nā ʻāpana ʻākau.

He aha kahi meaʻai saiga?

ʻO ka papa inoa o nā hānai i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka meaʻai saiga ka nui o nā mauhelehele i hele wāwae like ʻole, me ia mau ʻano like ʻole i pau nā holoholona.I ka pūnāwai, nā pua a me nā mea kanu i loaʻa i ka nui o ka wai, no laila hoʻōla nā holoholona i ko lākou pono no ka wai ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā pua ʻōpala (irises and tulip), licorice a kermek, steppe lichen, fescue a me palaoa, ephedra a me ka lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO ka pono o kēlā me kēia lā no ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai 3 a 6 kg i kēlā me kēia. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi manawa wela, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ke thistle a me kahi hodgepodge i ka meaʻai saiga, a hoʻomaka nā ʻōiwi hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻai. Ke neʻe mau nei ʻo Saigas a neʻe hoʻi i ka hele, kaomi ʻana i nā mea kanu a lākou i hele ai. Noho mālie ka holoholona i ke kīhāpai e like me ka lepo ākea a me ka lōʻihi, nā mea kanu wili e hoʻopili nei i ka neʻe o nā saigas.
ʻO ka hana hou o nā saigas.

Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu ai i ka saasas i ka hopena o ka hopena hele. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā kāne ikaika loa ma hope o nā hoʻohālikelike hoʻokūkū ʻana, i kekahi manawa he mau huhū a koko ʻole, lilo i mau mea nona nā harems, ʻo ia ka nui o nā wahine he 4 a 20 paha. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ma muli o ke kāne ke ʻike i kahi hoa kū a hiki i ke kapa kaomi ʻo ia i ka brown me ka pungent kakara. Ke kū nei lākou mai nā lepili kūikawā e kū kokoke ana i ka maka o ka holoholona.

ʻAʻole i hiki ʻo Saigas i ka wā puberty ma ka manawa like: ua mākaukau nā wahine e mare aku i ka makahiki mua o ke ola (8-9 mau mahina), a ʻo nā margachi, nā kāne, loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā hua wale mai hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, a me kekahi manawa ma hope aku. I ka wā o ka rut, ka hana nui o ka Margachev i ka hana ʻana i kahi harem, pale iā ia mai ka hoʻopuni ʻana o nā kāne kāne a ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka moe me nā wahine āpau o ka pūʻulu. Hoʻohapau pinepine, ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa o ka mau kāne e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai a hoʻomaha paha, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka make ʻana o kekahi hapa o lākou. ʻO nā mea aloha i ola i ka rut e haʻalele i ka pipi a hana i ka mea i kapa ʻia nā "bachelor groups".

Ma kahi ʻo 5 mahina ʻo ka wahine mare. I ka Mei, ma mua o ka wā hipa, ʻākoakoa nā wāhine ʻōpio i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a waiho i ka pipi nui, waiho hohonu i ke kahawai, haʻalele i nā kumu wai (nā muliwai, loko, nā ʻōpū). ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e pale i nā hua mai ka hoʻouka ʻana mai i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe - nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio, a me nā ʻīlio hakakā paha e ʻohi ana i nā loko i ka wai.

Ke koho ʻana i kahi pālahalaha, aneane ʻole o nā mea kanu, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka wahine saiga no ka hānau keiki ʻana. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui ia, ʻaʻole e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ka kaiga i nā ʻuʻuku kūikawā, akā e hoʻokō ana i nā cubs pololei i ka lepo. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka pēpē pēpē pēpē i hānau ʻia i loko o kahi wahine hoʻokahi, akā naʻe, aia nā hihia o ka hānau ʻana o ʻekolu mau pākahi i hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO ka paona o kahi pēpē hou e hiki ana i ka awelika o 3.5 kg.

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o ka wahine holoʻokoʻa no ka hipa, a hiki i ka ʻeono mau keiki hou ke hiki i kahi manawa i kahi ʻāina hoʻokahi. ʻO nā lā mau lā mua o ke ola, halihali ʻoi loa nā keiki kīwila, me ka aneane hiki ʻole ke nānā iā lākou ma nā wahi me nā mea kanu ʻole, a i ʻole ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau mika.

Ma hope koke o ka hānai ʻana, ua haʻalele nā wahine mai nā keiki e ʻimi i ka ʻai a me ka inu. I ke ao, hoʻi hou lākou i nā keiki i hānai iā lākou. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka Offspring. Ma hope o ʻewalu a ʻumi lā, hiki i ke saigas hahai i ko lākou makuahine. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui ia i nā kāne, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pū i ka wā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a like pū nā wahine ma ka hopena o ke kime e like me nā holoholona ʻekolu mau makahiki i ka helehelena.

Lā Saemi ʻemi

Makemake nui nā antelopoli i ke ʻano o ke ao nei, no laila ʻo ka pō ʻoi loa ia. ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā saigas, ʻo ka ʻōneke steppe, i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ia he ikaika wale nō, akā he akamai nō hoʻi. Hiki ke pakele ʻo Saiga ma o ke lele wale nō. Hoʻokomo nā wolves i kahi koho kūlohelohe i kekahi pua o saigas, me ka luku ʻana i ka poʻe e neʻe lohi. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke luku i ka hapa ʻehā o ka pipi. Hoʻopilikia no nā saigas a me nā ʻīlio hakakā, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio. ʻOi aku pinepine ma mua o ka ʻole, ʻo kēia mau mea ʻōpio e hōʻeha ʻia i nā antelope hihiu. Akā hiki i nā pipi hou o kēia holoholona e hoʻoweliweli i ka ferrets, musks a me ka aeto.

ʻO nā kumu no ka hāʻule o nā helu saiga.

ʻO Saigas (hana nui nā kāne makua ʻia kahi mea hopu). Hoʻopau ʻia lākou no ka hulu a me ka ʻiʻo, e like me ke keikihipa, hiki ke ʻai ʻia, ʻāpala, ʻala. ʻO ka waiwai nui loa nā pepeiaohao o ka holoholona. ʻO ka pauma maikaʻi, loaʻa ia mai lākou, ua loaʻa ka noi nui ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna o Kina. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kuni a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻokuʻu i ka lolo, mālama i ka maʻi pākē. Ke hoʻohana nei nā kauka Kina i nā pepeiaohao i nā pū kiwi no kekahi mau maʻi ʻoi. Me ke kōkua o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi hōʻeha a me ka hōʻeha ʻana, inā he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o ka heluna o ka honua, ka wikiwiki o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻoihana ʻenekine ma luna o kahi mau ʻānela saiga maʻamau a me nā hōʻino kino kūwaho o ka ulu kaila i hōʻemi nui ʻia i ka nohona kūlohelohe o saigas. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻia ka hōʻemi ʻana i ko lākou lehulehu ma o ka pā pana ʻole ʻana o kēia mau kiʻi artiodactyls e nā poʻe lawaiʻa a me nā pono kīwaha lā.

I ka Soviet Union, ʻaʻole i pili kēia i ka hapa o ka saigas, no ka mea aia kahi papahana i hoʻolako ʻia no ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i nā antelope, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka poʻe i hoʻokahi miliona kanaka. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka USSR, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana e hoʻihoʻi hou aku i ka poʻe, ma muli o ia, ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20 - hoʻomaka o nā kenekulia 21, ua pau ka nui o nā saigas i emi iki ma mua o ka 3% o ka helu mua o nā holoholona o kēia mau holoholona.

I ka makahiki 2002, ma ka hoʻoholo o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature, sa classified kahi mea pau i ka mālama. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o nā kaiāulu i nā papahana e hāpai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mommals ma ka noho pio ʻana, a hoʻomaka ko lākou semi-voluntary breeding, no ka manawa i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻihoʻi hou i nā poʻe o kēia ʻano ʻano i loko o nā wahi hou a mālama paha i kā lākou huʻu puaʻa, noho hou i nā ʻano kī like ʻole i ka honua.

ʻO ka ulu lāʻau saigas ma zoos he mea paʻakikī loa. ʻO kēia no ka uakiʻi nui ʻana a me ka hiki iā lākou, i ka makaʻu, e uhaʻi i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, ke alakaʻi nei i nā hōʻeha. I nā zoos, make pinepine nā saigas ma muli o nā maʻi maʻi gastrointestinal a me nā maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i ola kekahi poʻe ʻōpiopio i kekahi makahiki.

Loaʻa kekahi maikaʻi kūpono i nā pio saigas. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona i kēia mau lā e noho ma ka Cologne Zoo a ma Moscow Zoo. Eia ka ʻōlelo pili ma lalo nei:

ʻo nā wahine a me nā kāne a ma nā pālahalaha like ʻole. ʻO kēia ke hiki i ka hōʻeha ʻana i hiki i nā kāne kīʻaha ke hōʻeha iā lākou iho a i ʻole nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, me ka hoʻololi pū i ka wā mālama. I ka wā moe, hāʻawi ʻia i hoʻokahi kāne ʻoi aku nā kāne i ka wahine.

ka honu ʻana o ka manawa ma loko o ka zoo e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nei i hoʻokahi mahina (mai Dekemaba a Ianuali) no laila ʻaʻole make nā pēpē saiga hānau hou mai Mei mau pō, akā ua hānau ʻia i ka wā mahana (i Iune).

pono o ka papahele i loko o kēia mau holoholona i mea e kūlou, ʻaʻole pono. Mālama kēia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hāʻawi i ka disinfection pinepine o nā lumi. I kēlā mau penikala, emi iho nā keiki, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou ola ola.

ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ka zoo e hilinaʻi i ka manawa. I ke kauwela, ʻai nā Saigas i nā lau he nui, a me ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai i nā kāloti mashed, barley, quinoa, clover, a me nā mea hou ʻia ka paʻakai i nā mea ʻai, ʻo kā Saigas kekahi hapa ka leʻaleʻa.

Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka nui o ka saiga i nā wahi i hana ʻia a me nā mea i hana ʻia, nā kūlana kūlohelohe i kūpono no ka mālama mālama ʻana i kēia mau artiodactyls.

I Iune 2000, me ke kākoʻo o ka Munich Society of Zoologists, e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kaiga ma Kalmykia, ua wehe ʻia kahi mea kanu manu ma ke kauā ʻo Har Buluk ma kahi kikowaena kūikawā nona ka manaʻo e noiʻi a mālama i nā holoholona hihiu i ka repubalika. I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana i nā wahine saiga, ua koho ʻia nā pēpē hou i makaʻu ʻole ʻia e nā poʻe ma nā wahi no ka hānai ʻana i ka wahine hoʻouluulu i nā wahine saiga. Ua hāʻawi kēia hana i kahi manawa e hana ai i nā hui i hiki ke mālama ʻia a hoʻolaha ʻia hoʻi i ke pio ʻana me kekahi pilikia ʻole. ʻO nā pua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā saigas, nona ka 8-10 kanaka, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā pā e kokoke ana i ka mahiʻai holoholona No nā holoholona holoholona, ua hoʻomohala lākou i kahi meaʻai kūikawā e kau pono ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā makahiki āpau o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia mau artiodactyls. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpala me ka waiū hou i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, kahi a lākou e hoʻohui ai i ka ʻuala i ka mea kanu, kahi hui o ka mineral a me nā mea hoʻohui momona. E hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi i nā meaʻai mea kanu i nā lā he 2.5-3 mau mahina.

ʻO ka maikaʻi maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka saigas ka mea hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā mahiʻai kūikawā ʻaʻole e hōʻalo wale i ka pilikia o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā ʻanoʻano, akā e hoʻomākaukau nō hoʻi i nā holoholona no ka pastoralism kūloko no Kalmykia.

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka hana like me ke keʻena kūlohelohe o Stepnoy, aia nō i loko o nā kupapa ʻo Astrakhan, a me ke koena o ka ʻĀpana Black Lands, kahi kokoke i nā lehulehu poʻe ʻila e noho ana ma ke ao ʻo North-Western Caspian e hōʻuluʻulu ana no ka wā moe a me nā ʻōpio o nā wahine.

Ua kauoha ke mokuʻāina i nā ʻoihana holoholona hānai iā lākou iho e mālama i kahi moʻolelo o nā holoholona, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻolālā pana mai ka helu. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 20 pakeneka. I mea e loaʻa ai nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahiai me ka hapalua. Wahi a nā pepa, ua huli aku lākou i 20 pakeneka o ko lākou ʻano heʻe nika no ka hana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua pana lākou he 40 pakeneka a ʻoi aku paha, inā ʻoe helu mai ka heluna maoli.

Mai ka makahiki 1985, ma muli o ka helu nui o nā saigas i ka repubalika, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka Kazakh Zoological Combine i nā kuleana o ka hana kālepa saigas a me ke kūʻai ʻana i kona mau pū i ka mākeke ʻē aʻe. E mālama ʻia ka ʻenehana e ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kūʻai ʻo Kazakh ma lalo o ke Kuhina Kuhina o nā Kuhina o Kazakh SSR. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o perestroika (1985) a hiki i ka 1998, 131 i nā ton o nā pepeiaohao. No laila ma nā makahiki 1990, ua lilo ka lehulehu o saiga ma Kazakhstan ma kahi o 1 miliona mau poʻo, akā ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, ua emi ka nui o nā holoholona i aneane 20 tausani. I ka makahiki 1993, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i nā loio i nā pūlima he nui loa a he 60 mau kaona.

I ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi moratorium i ka pana ʻana i nā saigas, e noho mau ʻia a hiki i 2021. Ma 2014, ua hōʻea ka nui o nā saigas i 256.7 tausani mau kanaka. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka emi ʻana o nā helu saiga ma Kazakhstan e pili ana i kēia manawa me ka hoʻomau ʻia o ka poaching a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻike ʻia ka make ʻana o ka saigas ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā anuu, ka mea e pale ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka meaʻai. I nā wā Soviet, i ka wā maloʻo maloʻo, hoʻopakele lākou e nā mea hānai ponoʻī. Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka Ministry of Education a me Science i ka makahiki 2012-2014 no 332 miliona tenge no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka heluna kanaka.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo kuʻuna o ka hihia o saigas ma Kazakhstan

1981, ʻApelila - Ua hala he 180 mau poʻo saiga ma luna o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻo Turakai mua.
1984, Pepeluali - April - 250 tausani mau holoholona i make ma ke Komohana o Kazakhstan.
1988, Mei - ua make o 500 tausani saigas.
1993 - ma muli o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe Betpakdala mahele mai 700 a 270 tausani mau holoholona.
2010 - 12 tausani saigas i make.
2015, Mei - i loko o ka'āina o Kostanay, Akmola, a me Aktobe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea he 120 mau saigas i make i ka nui. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kahi loiloi mua o ka misionari loea CMS ma ke kumu pololei o ka make ʻana o saigas, ʻo ke kumu koke kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻokū ʻia e ka pathogen Pasteurella multocida, i.e. pasteurellosis.

Ma ke kākau a Chungiz Aitmatov "Scaffold", ua hōʻike ʻia ka huniga huni me ka penei:
A me nā lawaiʻa o ka helikopter, e hele ana mai ʻelua kihi o ka holoholona, i kamaʻilio ʻia e ka lekiō, hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hōʻoia pono ʻole i hoʻopuehue a puni, ʻaʻole pono e alualu hou i nā pipi ma luna o ka savannah, a hoʻonui hou i ka makaʻu, ʻoi aku hoʻi, e koi aku i nā saigas e holo ikaika a paʻakikī hoʻi. ua holo lākou ... ʻO lākou, nā pailaka helikopter, ʻike maopopo loa mai luna aʻe o ke kahe o ka ʻūhā nui o ka weliweli i ka ʻūhā nui, ma luna o ka paukū keʻokeʻo ...

A i ka wā e ninini ʻia ana nā aniani i hōʻino ʻia i kahi pāpū nui, ua hālāwai ʻia e nā poʻe a lākou i huakaʻi i nā helikopter i kakahiaka. Ua kali ʻia lākou e nā mea lawaiʻa, a i ʻole, he mea pana. Ma luna o nā kaʻa ʻoZZ-all-terrain holoʻokoʻa, holo hou nā mea pana i nā saigas, me ka puhi ʻana iā lākou ma ke holo ʻana mai nā pū mīhini, ʻae poʻohiwi, ʻaʻohe maka, ʻike ʻole me ka hiʻu i ka māla. A ma hope o lākou i neʻe aku ai nā mea kākoi kaʻa - kiola akula lākou i kēlā me kēia i nā kino, a ua hōʻiliʻili ka poʻe i hōʻiliʻili hua maikaʻi. He mau kauā nui o nā kāne me ka ʻole o ka huki, ua hopu koke iā lākou i kahi ʻoihana hou, ʻoi aku ka lawaiʻa i noho ʻole ʻia, ke alualu ʻana i ka poʻe i hōʻeha a pau i ka make, akā ʻo kā lākou hana nui, ʻo ka huki ʻana i nā mea make koko i luna o ko lākou mau wāwae a hoʻolei iā lākou i luna ma loko o ka hāʻule i hāʻule. Mālama ka ʻaha savannah i nā ʻona koko i nā akua no ka wiwo ʻana e waiho i kahi ʻānela - nā mauna o nā ʻalāʻau saiga i kālai ʻia i nā kino.

ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Yuri Geyko, ka mea a ka mea kākau i manaʻo ai ʻo kāna ʻano hana koʻikoʻi nui ʻia, e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hana lawaiʻa lawaiʻa i kū ʻia i ka wā o ka hopu ʻana i kahi hanana ʻino, a me ka hoʻokolokolo hou.

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka saiga:

ʻO ke kūpuna nā kūpuna o nā Saigas o nā wā kahiko ʻo Saiga borealis (Pleistocene saiga), ka mea i noho i ka wā o nā glaciations nui. Ua noho ʻia kēia mau momi lōʻihi e noho nei i nā savannas anu a me nā tundra-steppes kokoke i nā pihi ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Eurasia, ʻĀsia a me Western Siberia, i ʻike ʻia ma Alaska a ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana a i ka wā e ola ana nā mammoth.
ʻO ka māka ma kahi huakaʻi holo moana hiki ke hele i kahi lā ma mua o 200 km.

Wahi a Kalmyk a me nā hilinaʻi ma loko o Buddha, aia ma kahi hoʻomana Buddha kahi akua nui ka mea e pale ai a mālama i kēia mau holoholona steppe - ʻo ka White Wāhi, ka mea mālama i ke ola a me kahi hōʻailona o ka ulu. ʻAʻole holo ʻia ka poʻe like ʻo ka saigas me ka pū pūle ʻia, no ka mea i kēlā manawa, ʻā ʻo kā Elder ma ka waiū.
Hōʻike ka lāʻau lapaʻau hikina i ka pauka i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai nā puʻu saiga i nā mea hōʻola.

Hoʻaiho

I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu saiga, ua uhi paʻa ia i ka ʻāina āpau o Eurasia, akā ma hope o ka hoʻonani honua ʻana i ke ala wale nō i ka alahele a me nā semi-deses.

Ma Lūkia, loaʻa nā saigas ma nā wahi ʻo Astrakhan, ka Repubalika o Kalmykia, a me Altai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā moku e pili ana, e noho ana ʻo saigas ma Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan a me Turkmenistan.

ʻO nā wahi maʻamau o nā saigas nā anuʻu a me nā semi-desales, a makemake lākou e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pāpū ma mua o nā puʻu, i nā mauna mauna.

ʻO kēia no ka paʻakikī o ka hele ʻana o ka hele i nā wahi i pono ai lākou e lele i kekahi mau pilikia. Makemake ʻo Saigas e neʻe i kahi amble, ʻaʻole lākou makemake e lele.

ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Saigas a me ka hau hohonu, no laila ke makemake lākou e hoʻopau i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi e ʻaʻohe ai nā uhi hau ikaika.

ʻLio a me nā ʻano

He alakaʻi ʻo Saigas i kahi nohona nomadic, ʻoiai lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā holoholona lehulehu, ma ke poʻo o kēlā me kēia pu he alakaʻi.Ma ka wao, haʻalele lākou i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻoilo, a ma ke ala hele lākou e hoʻi me nā lā mahana mua.

Hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻololi maikaʻi i ka malulu a me ke anu anuanu. Ma keʻano ākea, hiki koke lākou iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana hou no lākou iho, hiki ke loaʻa i ka pono kīnā ʻole a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai i ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ke neʻe nei nā pua o nā saigas ma ke kaʻina wikiwiki loa, nāwaliwali a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻole e mālama i kahi kao kiʻekiʻe, no laila ua hala pinepine lākou i hope a make i nā niho o nā mea kolohe.

I ka pōpilikia, ʻike maʻalahi ka saigas i hiki ke piʻi wikiwiki, hiki i ka 80 km / h.

Hiki iā Saigas ke ʻauʻau, i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, me ka pilikia ʻole e hiki iā lākou ke hele a komo i kahi hohonu o ka wai a kahi muliwai paha.

Noho ʻo Saigas i nā makahiki he ʻeiwa. ʻOi aku ka ola ma kahi o Males.

He aha nā meaʻai ma kaiga

ʻO nā holoholona mea kanu holoholona, he mea ʻoi aku kā lākou ʻai ma mua o 100 mau mea kanu like. Wahi a ka noho maʻamau a me ka manawa o ka makahiki, ʻano nui ka nui o kā lākouʻai. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā saigas e ʻai: licorice, kermek, fescue, palaoa mauʻu, ephedra a me ka ʻākala. hōʻoluʻolu lākou i ko lākou pono no ka waiʻai ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā pua ʻōlule: irises a me nā tulip, kahi nui o ka wai nui.

I ke kauwela, hodgepodge, quinoa a me kekahi mau lāʻau ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i kā lākou papaʻai. I ke kauwela, ʻaʻohe ka nui o ka mauʻu i loko o ka papa ʻaina i ka wai no ka saigas, no laila ke koi ʻia lākou e hele i kahi mamao loa i hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka meaʻai ponoʻai a loaʻa nā loko wai i ka wai i kūpono no ka inu. He nui nā mea kanu e hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka, keʻai mālie kēia mau holoholona, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka lāʻau.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā saigas i nā lichens, cereals. Inā hele mai nā makani ikaika, a laila hiki i kēia mau artiodactyl ke pōloli i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, e hūnā ana i ka wā a i ʻole e hele i kahi meaʻai ʻai, no ka laʻana, reed.

Pono ʻo Saigas mai 3 a 6 mau kilo o ka hānai i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila ke koi ʻia nā saigas e neʻe mau, ʻoiai lākou e hānai ana ma ke hele.

ʻLelo hana i ka kūlohelohe

ʻO Saigas nā holoholona e makemake e kiʻi i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī i ke ahiahi, no laila aia nui loa lākou i kēia manawa o ka lā. Hiki i ka ʻenemi nui ke kapa ʻia he wolf, kahi e hoʻopakele ai nā holoholona wale nō ma ke lele. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi bipi nui ʻaʻole i mākaukau no ka hoʻouka ʻana, hiki i nā ʻīlio ke luku i ka iwakāluakūmālima mau hapa.

Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ke koho kūlohelohe ʻana i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hiki i ka poʻe maʻi ke hopu i kahi kanaka nawaliwali a maʻi maʻi paha, e ʻae kēia i nā bipi e mālama wale i nā mākau kino a kino kino wale nō i ko lākou kulana. Hoʻolike ʻia ka pōʻino e nā ʻīlio, nā alopeke a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hopu i ka pipi.

ʻO nā keruba kahi paʻakikī loa, ʻaʻole iki paha i ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki o kahi pākeke, a ʻaʻole hiki ke pale palekana i nā saigas, no laila make pinepine lākou. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa nā ʻīlio pōpilikia no lākou, akā, ʻo ka ferrets a me nā aeto.

ʻO ka ʻenemi saigas ke kanaka. Ke hoʻonui nei i ko lākou mokuna, lawe nā kānaka i nā wahi meaʻai mai nā holoholona, no laila e haʻalele nei iā lākou i ka mea nui loa - ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hopu a me ka poaching e hōʻemi nui loa i ka heluna o ka lehulehu.

Ola i ka noho pio ana

ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema a me nā loea i ke kula o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lehulehu i noho i nā saigas i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka honua e hiki ai ke mālama i ka wai lapaʻau no ka hoʻonui hou ʻana i kēia mau holoholona.

Eia naʻe, paʻakikī ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou ma nā wahi paʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia hoʻi. Ma muli o ko lākou huhū a me ka makaʻu, haehae ʻia nā holoholona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻāʻo ana e pakele mai ka pilikia a ua hōʻeha pinepine ʻia. No laila ua aʻo ʻia ka hana ma mua e pale aku ai i kā lākou poʻe ʻenemi a makaʻu ʻole ʻaʻole ma ke kaua, akā ma ka lele. ʻAʻole i ola kekahi mau holoholona i hoʻokahi makahiki, akā ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka poʻe ʻepekema, a ma muli o kekahi mau lula, ua hiki iā lākou ke kipa i nā saigas i pio.

He pono kēia:

Ua moe kuhi ʻia ka moe aloha ʻana i kekahi lā ma hope, no laila e hānau ʻo ia nā keiki saiga i kahi wā wela loa - i ke kauwela, ke ulu a hoʻoluʻu ʻia.
nā kāne a me nā kāne i noho kaʻawale,
Ua lilo ke kīʻaha i mea like ʻole e hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana o ke kino, nā pēpē a me nā pākeke, i nā maʻi like ʻole.

ʻAʻole naʻe kēia mau kumu i hoʻonui i ka helu o kēia mau ʻano, akā hāʻawi wale ia i kahi mana manawaleʻe e nalowale ʻole nā saigas. Hāʻawi ke ola i ka noho pio ʻana iā lākou me ka paʻakikī, akā me ka hoʻomau ʻia ʻana o ka pōʻino o ka nalo ʻana i kēia mau holoholona nani a mau loa lākou, e hoʻokū ʻia lākou e noho i loko o nā zoos.

Holoi ʻaila ʻo Saiga a hina hoʻi ka lehulehu

I ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope, ua emi ka lehulehu o ka saiga. ʻO ke kumu o kēia mau poʻi, ke ʻimi nei nā kānaka i nā pepeiaohao o ka holoholona, kahi ʻano nui loa ia a ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO ka pauma, kahi i hana ʻia mai nā pu, ka mea e hoʻōla i nā ʻeha, ka ʻala, ka ʻōpala a me nā pilikia o ke akeo. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia i nā lāʻau'ē aʻe e hoʻoikaika i ko lākou mau waiwai. He mea waiwai nui nō hoʻi ka holoholona holoholona. ʻO ka huli ʻana no kēia mau artiodactyls ua laha nei.

I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā mālama kūikawā, a laila e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana. Akā, ʻaʻole lawa kēia, no ka mea ma kēia lā ua paʻa kēia ʻano ma ka hope o ka hemo. A koi pono kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kūikawā wale nō, akā ke kūkulu ʻia nei i kahi hoʻolālā kūikawā a me kahi papahana pākahi nui no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau holoholona kūʻokoʻa.

Koi nui nā Zoologists e wehe i nā hale mālama hou aʻe a mālama i nā cub saiga i nā pā e makaʻu ʻole ai nā poʻe. E koho i kahi meaʻai kūikawā, me ka momona o lākou, ma ia mau mea e maʻalahi ai ka ola ʻana me ka waiū o ka makuahine. ʻO lākou he mau mea paha, he ʻumi paha nā kānaka i loko o nā lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole e ʻae kēia mau hana i ka holoholona ʻōpiopio e kūpono i ke ola holoholona, akā hoʻihoʻi pū kekahi i ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona kūʻokoʻa.

Hoʻohālikelike

He holoholona hoihoi loa nā Saigas, loaʻa iā lākou ʻaʻole wale ke ʻano hoʻomanaʻo, akā hiki nō iā ia ka nui. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i ka hau maloʻo, hele ʻole me ka meaʻai a me ka wai no ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, ka hele a wela i ka wela wela, a hele a kokoke i ʻelua haneli mau hola i ka lā. ʻO ia paha kēia o nā holoholona ma ka Honua, ka mea, e like me nā manaʻo Buddhist, ʻo ia nō kāna mau akua ponoʻī, e pale iā lākou.

Akā ʻo kēlā holoholona ʻano keu, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke pakele i ka luku kanaka. E hoʻopau paha kēia ʻano a e lilo loa i kā mākou hewa. Ma mua aʻe o ka wā e lohi nei, pono ia e noʻonoʻo pono i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilina holoholona e waiho ai mākou i kā mākou mau keiki a inā paha he saiga ma waena o lākou. Loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana a ʻike i kēia mau mea, e like me ka wā o ka mea, ke kaawale ʻia nei i loko o nā paena a me nā papu o ka Honua.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā saigas

He manawa manu maoli nā Saigas no ka ʻohana artiodactyl. A makemake lākou noho i ka Lūkaha hele wāwae. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka haʻi mua ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i hoʻi i nā wā kahiko. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā kūpuna o nā puʻupuʻu holoholona hihiu he mau tiger a me nā mammoth, i lōʻihi ka lilo ʻana. Ma kēlā manawa ua noho lākou i Eurasia a hiki i Alaska. Akā inā make kēia mau kūpuna kahiko o ka lele manu hihiu, a laila hiki iā lākou iho ke hoʻohālikelike.

Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona

ʻAʻole nui kahi holoholona nui loa ʻo Saiga, e loaʻa ana E hōʻike nei ko mau hiʻohiʻona ʻano:

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino antelope o ka 1 a ka 1,4 mm.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona saiga me nā mea maloʻo e pili ana i ka 6-0.8 mm.
Loaʻa i Saigas kahi ihu kikoʻī - ka proboscis.
ʻAno ke kala o ka holoholona. ʻO ka maʻamau he ʻulaʻula a he hina hina paha. Ma ke ala, e kau ana ke kala o ka huluhulu saiga i ka manawa o ka makahiki.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino o kēlā mau aniani hihiu he 20 i 40 kilogram. Akā ʻike pinepine loa ʻia kekahi mau holoholona o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo lākou ka nui o 60 kilograms.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka paʻi hoof. Like ke ʻano o ke ʻano he puʻuwai nona kahi kuʻekuʻe. I kekahi mau ala, like kēia wāwae wāwae me ka pena ʻana o ka mahele o nā hipa hipa.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka uwē ʻana o kahi aniani hihiu. Akā inā he pilikia ke kūlana, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e pīhoihoi maoli.
Hopu mālie ʻo Saiga me ke kaulike, ke poʻo i lalo. Akā ʻo ke ala koke ʻana mai o ka pōʻino, hoʻomaka ka holo, hoʻoulu wikiwiki. I kekahi manawa e hōʻea ana i 70 km / h. Hiki iā ia ke holo ma kēlā wikiwiki me ke ala ʻole ma mua o 12 mau kilomita, no ka mea ʻoiai ʻo ia e holo ana i luna.

He ʻokoʻa loa ka wahine a me nā kāne o kēia holoholona. ʻO ka mea mua, nā pu. I nā kāne, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou e ulu. I 6 mahina lākou loaʻa kahi kala kala, a e hōlamaka hoʻi i hoʻokahi makahiki. Kūpono ʻia ke ʻano o ia mau pepeiao; Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pū kani i ka wā ʻehā a hiki i nā kenimika 40. Akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukū o ia mau pepeiao i ka mākekeʻeleʻele no kēia mea i alakaʻi i kahi nui o nā mea hune e aloha nei e luku i kēia holoholona nani a kupanaha.

Hoʻaiho

Ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka noho ʻana o nā aniani hihiu ma kahi o ka piha o Eurasia, akā, ma hope o ka wā o ka hau, ua hōʻemi nui ko lākou helu a hoʻomaka ka noho ʻana o nā saigas e noho wale i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana.

Akā i hea ke ola o ka saiga i kēia manawa? E makemake ana ka antelope i ka papahele i kahi ākea, kahi maʻamau ka ʻāina, ka paʻa, paʻa pōhaku a pali paha. Ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e koho i kahi ma hea ʻaʻole paha kekahi mau kākena pulu liʻiliʻi, e ʻimi ana i nā āpau hiki ke pale aku iā lākou iho i nā ʻenemi a me ko lākou hoʻouka ʻana.

I kēia manawa ua koho ʻo Saiga i kēia mau ʻāinanona nā ʻāina he kūpono no ko lākou wahi e noho ai.

I loko o Rūsia, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Kalmykia kahi wahi kūpono loa no ke kahi o ka saiga. ʻAi kekahi ʻōlapa hihiu ma nā wahi pāpū a maloʻo me nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole a, me nā ʻano, nā cereals. Pono ʻo ia i ka wai i ke kauwela wale nō. Akā he mea hilahila loa kēia holoholona, no laila e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e mālama i ka hiki o ka hoʻokaumaha ʻia o nā kānaka.

Kaila wā

Nā ʻele maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka makemake e noho i nā pipi. ^ E Ha yM. I kēlā me kēia pua, hiki mai 10 a 50 mau pahuhopu. Akā i kekahi manawa aia nā pua ma kahi he 100 a keu paha nā pahuhopu. Huli pinepine kēia mau holoholona mai kēlā wahi i kēia wahi. No laila, i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo lākou e hele i loko o ka wao nahele, aia kahi kahea o ka hau, a i ke kauwela ua hoʻi lākou i ka ʻōpala.

He holoholona paʻakikī loa ʻo Saiga hiki ke hana i nā ʻano hanana kime. Hiki iā ia ke ʻae i ka wela nui wale nō, akā no ke anuanu, me ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau a wai ʻole o ka wai i ka lōʻihi.

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana mai kahi wahi a kahi wahi no kekahi mau antelope e make i ka make. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻāʻo nā alakaʻi e hele i kahi helu nui o nā kilomita i ka lā, a me nā kānaka ʻilihune, ʻaʻole hiki ke kū iā ia, ua make ka make.

Ke hele mai ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka huki e holo. Hele mau nā kaua i waena o nā alakaʻi, ʻaʻole e hōʻeha wale me nā hōʻeha nui, akā pinepine ka make.

ʻOkoʻa ka nohona ola no nā wahine a me nā kāne o kēia holoholona hihiu. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ola ʻana o nā kāne ʻO 3-4 mau makahiki, a i nā wahine hiki i kēia makahiki ke hiki i nā makahiki 9. ʻO kēia paha ke ʻano o ka wikiwiki o nā antelope hihiu. Hoʻomaka nā wāhine i ka holo ʻana i ka wā e huli ai i ʻehiku mau mahina. No laila, aia i ka makahiki o ka makahiki hoʻokahi lākou e lawe ai i kā lākou hua mua. I nā kāne, ulu wale ka puberty ma o 2 mau makahiki a me 5 mau mahina.

Hānau pinepine ʻia nā hua wahine i Mei, a waiho ʻo ia i mua o ka pua ākea a hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i nā wahi i haʻalele ʻia i ka papahele, ma kahi a kahi kanaka i ʻike ai. E hānau pono lākou i ka lepo. Inā hānau ka saiga wahine no ka manawa mua loa, a laila hoʻokahi ka cub. No laila he ʻelua, a i kekahi manawa pēpē pēpē.

ʻAno make ʻole loa nā lā mua o kahi keiki ʻaleme, a moe wale lākou ma ka ʻāina. Akā e ulu pū ana, nā cubs ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou makuahine, lākou ka hua kamako- loa i ka nahele. ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope hebedoma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē, hiki loa i ke kuila ke hahai i kona makuahine, a i loko o nā hebedoma ʻelua hiki iā ia ke neʻe me ke bipi. Akāʻo ia ka mea e hiki iā ia ke hoʻokiʻoki i ka mauʻu ma kāna pono wale ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Saigas kahi poʻo mami manoila. ʻO nā holoholona nā mākaʻu o nā ʻāpana pili i nā kālani, kahi ʻohana o nā bovids, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻanoʻano a me nā ʻanoʻano o ka saiga.

He holoholona kahiko ʻo Saiga. Ua ʻike ʻia aia ma ka Pleistocene i noho lākou i ka ʻāina o Eurasia hou mai nā Pelekane Pelekane ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana a i Alaska ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina. Ma hope o ka glaciation global, ua mālama ʻia ke kahua o ko lākou wahi noho i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻehā. Wahi a kekahi zoologist i hui ʻia i kēia mau poʻomanaʻo o nā bovid me nā mammoth. Mai ia manawa, ʻaʻole i loli iki nā holoholona, ua hoʻomau lākou i ko lākou helehelena mua.

Wikiō: Saiga

Ma Lūkia, ua puka kēia inoa mai ka ʻōlelo Kūkākūkā o ka Turk. Ma nā kamaʻilio honua, ʻike ʻia ka mahalo i nā hana ʻepekema a ka mea noiʻi o ka Austrian a me kēia ʻepekema ʻo Sigismund von Herberstein. I kāna mau kākau, ua wehewehe ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kēia holoholona. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua loa he holoholona i kapa ʻia ʻo "saiga" i kākau ʻia ma kāna hana ʻepekema ʻo "Notes on Muscovy," kahi a ka mea noiʻi i kākau ai i ka makahiki 1549.

I ka wā i kūkulu ai i kāna wehewehe wehewehe ʻana, kuhikuhi ʻo Dahl i ka pono e kāhea i ka wahine wahine saiga, a ʻo ke kāne i kapa ʻia he saiga.

Lā Saemi ʻemi

Hoʻopilikia no nā saigas a me nā ʻīlio hakakā, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio. ʻOi aku pinepine ma mua o ka ʻole, ʻo kēia mau mea ʻōpio e hōʻeha ʻia i nā antelope hihiu. Akā hiki i nā pipi hou o kēia holoholona e hoʻoweliweli i ka ferrets, musks a me ka aeto.

Eia naʻe, makaʻu nui ka poʻe pōkoi no nā saigas. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ua luku nui ʻia lākou, no laila, ma nā wahi kahi i noho ai lākou i kēia manawa, kahi kokoke hiki ʻole ke hālāwai me nā Saigas. No laila ʻo Lenin e hoʻopuka ai i kahi kauoha e pāpā i ka luku ʻana i nā antelope. Akā i nā makahiki 1950, ua ʻae hou ʻia kēia kahu saiga. A wale wale nō i nā 70s saigas a hoʻomanaʻo hou ʻia a papaʻi ʻia i ka ʻaihue. Akā na kēia manawa i ka honua nei aia wale nō 35 tausani kanaka, a he nui na wahine lakou.

I kēia manawa, ke hana nei nā hana pono e hoʻihoʻi hou i kēia ʻanoʻano antelope. Pēlā, e hana ʻia nā papa a me nā wahi i mālama ʻia no nā saigas. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻike ʻia ka Rostovsky Reserve, aia ma kā Lake Chokiki kaulana - Gudilo. Ua lawe a mālama ka Wildlife Fund i kēia mau holoholona hihiu, ka nui o ka nui i hōʻemi nui. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā saigas ma ke Kauka Loaʻa, aia kahi manawa e ʻike ai i nā kiʻi saiga. A no laila e ulu nui ka nui o nā antelope, ʻoi ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki ai ke pale aku i ka holoholona hihiu.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka holoholona liʻiliʻi hoʻoneʻe liʻiliʻi iki, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 110-1146 cm, ʻili 8-12-1 cm, kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo 60-75 cm. Elongated torso ma luna o nā wāwae ʻoki, pōkole. ʻO ka ihu i ke ʻano o kahi hina haʻalulu, hāpiʻu, mobile proboscis me nā hāmeʻe hāpū a paʻa a ka hopena o ka "humpbacked muzzle." Kāʻei me kahi pīpī poepoe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā puʻu waena ma mua o nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. Loaʻa wale nā kāne. Kahi like lākou i ka lōʻihi ma ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo a, ma ka awelika, hiki aku i 30 cm, translucent, yellowish-keʻokeʻo, ʻatikala like ʻole i nā ʻano kani, ʻelua hapakolu o ka lalo i kahakaha nā keokeo transulate, aia ma ke poʻo a me ke kiko.

Hōʻuluʻulu ka hulu o ke kauwela, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ke kua o ke kua a lohi iki i ka ʻōpū, ʻaʻohe ʻōnika "ʻōwili", haʻahaʻa a paʻa ʻole. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻoluʻolu loa, ka lepo hina. Pau ka hānai ʻia ʻelua i ka makahiki: i ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻulu.

Aia nā infraorbital liʻiliʻi, inguinal, carpal, a me nā selani paila interdigital kiko. Nā Nipples - 2 pālua.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ke saiga?

Hoʻi kiʻi: Saigaki ma Kazakhstan

E like me ka mea e noho ai, koho kēia mau holoholona ungulate i nā ʻāina papahele me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. Noho nui ʻo Saigas i nā ʻāpana wāwae a i ʻole semi-desses. Ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e pale i nā nahu, nā puʻu, a i ka nahele nahele.

I ka wā ma mua, ua maʻamau loa nā saigas ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia. I kēia lā aia ma ka palena o ka hoʻopau ʻana, ua hōʻemi nui ʻia kā lākou noho.

ʻO nā wahi ʻona o ka wahi holoholona

ʻO ka'āina Astrakhan o ka Russian Federation,
Kubalika o Kalmykia,
Altai
Kasakana,
Usepekikana
Kaikikana,
Monokolia,
Tukemenikana

Ua makemake ʻo Saigas i nā ʻāina pāpū ma muli o ka heʻe kau i hāʻawi iā lākou. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a me ke anuanu, makemake lākou e neʻe i nā wahi liʻiliʻi e uhi ʻia i ka hau, no ka mea, e hoʻowalewale i nā wahi wai i ka paʻakikī o ka neʻe ʻana. Hoʻāʻo ʻo Saigas e pale aku i ka hele ʻana i ke one, no ka mea ma kēia ʻāina he paʻakikī nō hoʻi iā lākou ke neʻe, a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku i ka holo ʻana i ka poʻe e ʻike. Hoʻomau nā holoholona i kahi kokoke i nā puʻu i ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻike ʻia nā hau a me nā makani ikaika.

ʻO kēia mau mea ʻelima neʻe i kahi ʻano ʻano neʻe iʻe - amble. Ma kēia ala, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 70 km / h. Hiki iā Saigas ke noho a ʻelua ma nā pāpū a me nā puʻu. Ma Kazakhstan, noho nā holoholona ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 150 a 650 mika ma luna o ke kai. Ma Mongolia, ko lākou wahi noho i hōʻike ʻia e nā lua kokoke i nā kino wai.

I ka manawa maloʻo loa, ke ʻike nei nā holoholona i nā pilikia a paʻakikī ke loaʻa kahi kumu no ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina mahiʻai a ʻai i ka palaoa, ka kō, a me nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma nā mahina ʻai. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, koho nā holoholona i ka ʻāina kahi i maʻalahi loa ai iā lākou e loaʻa i kahi kumuʻai a hoʻāʻo e noho kokoke i nā loko.

Kālā

ʻO Saiga ka ʻelele kahiko o ka ʻōpala mammoth fauna (me ka hulu manu hulu manu a me nā tiger sabot-toothed).

Ma hope o ka hapanui o ka Late Valdai, noho ʻo Saigas mai ke komohana mamao o ʻEulopa, e komo pū ana me nā mokupuni Pelekane, a hiki i waena o Alaska a me ke komohana komohana. I nā senekulia XVII-XVIII, noho nā kaila i nā kihi āpau a me nā wahi hoʻi mai nā ʻaoʻao mai o nā Carpathians ma ke komohana a hiki i Mongolia a me Kina komohana ma ka hikina. I kēlā mau lā, ua hōʻea i ka ʻākau i Kiev a me kahi laiki o Baraba o Siberia. Eia nō naʻe, i ka lua o ka hapa o ka makahiki XIX, ua holo koke ka poʻe i loko o nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia, a ua nalowale ka saiga mai Europa. ʻO ka nui a me ka nui o nā saigas ma Asia kahi i hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi ʻia. A ʻo ka hopena, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, mālama ʻia ʻo ia i ʻEulopa ma nā wahi mamao loa o ka paʻu o ka wai o Volga, a ma ʻAsia - a me Ustyurt, i Betpak-Dal, i ka lihi o Ili - Karatal (nā Pālani o Saryesik-Atyrau), i nā awāwa o nā loko komohana o Mongolia. a me kekahi mau wahi e.

Ua ukali ʻia me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka helu a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā saigas i nā makahiki 1920, akā mahalo no nā ʻano i hana ʻia e pale ai a me nā kiʻekiʻe o nā saigas, nā kānaka i hoʻi hou a i ka makahiki 1950 ka nui o ka 2 miliona mau kānaka e noho ana i nā alahele a me nā wahi hoʻi o ka USSR (ua manaʻo ʻia ʻoi ʻia. ma ka Pleistocene ua nui aku lākou a noho i loko o nā ʻalehu me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka manu momona. I kekahi manawa, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hui kōkua holoholona, e like me ka World Wildlife Fund, e ʻimi ana i ka lawaiʻa saiga, e kāhea ana i ko lākou mau pū i kahi nui no nā pūlani rhino. Ua emi hou ka helu, a aia i kēia manawa nā saiga ma ka papa inoa o nā holoholona holoholona hopohopo i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e ka International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Ma hope o ka hina ʻana o ka Soviet Union, ma ka makahiki 2008, kokoke o 50,000 mau ʻano kaiga e pili ana i nā subspecies i ola mau. Saiga tatarica tatarica a ke noho nei ma Rūsia (North-Western Caspian) a me ʻekolu mau wahi o ka Kazakhstan (Volga-Ural sands, Ustyurt a me Betpak-Dala). Ma 2010, make a 12 tausani saigas mai ka epizootic o ka pasteurellosis ma ka palena o ka ʻāina Volgograd a me Kazakhstan. No ka mālama i ka heluna kanaka ʻila e noho ana ma ke kahakai ʻo North West Caspian, i 1990 i ka Republic of Kalmykia (Rūsia) ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā Black Lands Reserve. I ka makahiki 2012, ua loaʻa kahi kahua mālama ʻila ma Kalmykia i kahi pā uila piha piha loa.

ʻO ka poʻe e noho nei ma nā wahi kaawale o Mongolia (Shargin Gobi a me ka ʻāina Manhan Somon) kahi subspecies ʻē aʻe - Saiga tatarica mongolica a ʻo kēia mau helu e pili ana i 750 mau kanaka (ma Ianuali 2004).

Ma Moscow Zoo, ʻo nā zo ma San Diego a ma Cologne ua loaʻa iā lākou kēia mau mea i hala ma kā lākou ʻohi. Aia nā hoʻolālā e hana hou i ka saiga ma ke kahawai Siberia ʻākau ma kahi o ka papahana ʻo Pleistocene Park.

ʻO 2010 ma ka Republic of Kalmykia ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka makahiki o ke Saiga.

Ma ka palena o Ukraine, kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi o ka saigas (ma kahi o 600 mau holoholona) e noho ana i ka mālama o Askania-Nova.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kiʻi: holoholona holoholona Saiga

ʻO holoholona kahi holoholona Saigas; ʻaʻole lākou i hele wale i ke kino. ʻAi lākou e hōʻuluʻulu aku i nā holoholona lehulehu, ʻo ke poʻo ʻo ia he alakaʻi ikaika a mana nui. ʻO ka helu o kekahi o kēlā me kēia pipi like mai kahi a i elima a iono paha kenekulia pākahi. He poʻomanaʻo nā kahuahi e alakaʻi i kahi nohona nomadic. Ua neʻe lākou i nā wahi like ʻole i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a i ʻole e holo ai mai ke ʻano ʻino. ʻO ka pinepine ka hele ʻana i nā wao me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a me ke anuanu, a hoʻi i ka papa hana me nā lā mahana mua.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hele pinepine nā alakaʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā holoholona i ka hakakā, hiki i ka nui o ka mea i make. Hoʻopilikia ka nohona nomadic i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe a me kona neʻe e kau i kahi alakaʻi ikaika. ʻAʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka o ke kahawai ke kūlike i ia. No laila, ʻaʻole nui nā holoholona i hele i ko lākou huakaʻi, e hele ana i ke ala.

Hoʻohana nui loa nā holoholona i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā wahi me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai a me ka wai, a ma kēlā mau kūlana e hiki ai iā lākou ke ola no kekahi manawa. Ma ke kaʻina o ka neʻe, hiki i nā holoholona ke neʻe i ka holo kiʻekiʻe, i kekahi manawa e piʻi i ka 80 km / h. Ke hele kokoke ʻana i ka pōʻino, lele lākou me ka puʻupuʻu puaʻa āpau. Hōʻalo nā holoholona ʻeha a nāwaliwali ma hope o ka pipi a make pinepine loa lākou mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā mea ʻino.

ʻO nā holoholona nā mea lawaiʻa punahele maikaʻi loa, no laila e hiki ai iā lākou ke lanakila i nā wai liʻiliʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka wai me nā pilikia ʻole. Ma ke ʻano maoli, i hoʻolako ʻia nā holoholona me ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi loa, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā ʻōpio i hoʻokūkū, weliweli a i ka lōʻihi o nā kilomita. Ma kahi o ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi ʻia, loaʻa i nā holoholona ke ʻano o kahi ʻohu, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i ka hoʻololi i ke kūlana o ke anā, ke ʻano o ka ua a me ka hau.

Ua haʻahaʻa loa ka ola olakino o nā holoholona, a pili pono i ka wahine. ʻAʻole ola nā meles i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma mua o ʻehā a ʻelima paha makahiki, ʻo ke ola ʻana o nā wahine i 10-11 mau makahiki.

Kasakana

I nā wā Soviet, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka pale palekana saiga ma Kazakhstan i ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka mahiʻai, kahi o ka hoʻokele ʻia ʻana o ke komite o ka mokuʻāina o ke alakaʻi a me ka mana o SSakh e pili ana i ka ekolohiya a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ua komo i kā lākou mau mana ka mana o ka pana ʻana i ka hana ʻoihana a me ka pale o ka honua holoholona mai nā poimana. ʻO ka mana a me ka ʻōnaehana palekana i hoʻokumu mua ʻia. Ua kauoha ke mokuʻāina i nā ʻoihana holoholona hānai iā lākou iho e mālama i kahi moʻolelo o nā holoholona, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻolālā pana mai ka helu. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 20 pakeneka. I mea e loaʻa ai nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahiai me ka hapalua. Wahi a nā pepa, ua huli aku lākou i 20 pakeneka o ko lākou ʻano heʻe nika no ka hana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua pana lākou he 40 pakeneka a ʻoi aku paha, inā ʻoe helu mai ka heluna maoli. Mai ka makahiki 1985, ma muli o ka helu nui o nā saigas i ka repubalika, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka Kazakh Zoological Combine i nā kuleana o ka hana kālepa saigas a me ke kūʻai ʻana i kona mau pū i ka mākeke ʻē aʻe. E mālama ʻia ka ʻenehana e ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kūʻai ʻo Kazakh ma lalo o ke Kuhina Kuhina o nā Kuhina o Kazakh SSR. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o perestroika (1985) a hiki i ka 1998, 131 i nā ton o nā pepeiaohao. No laila ma nā makahiki 1990, ua lilo ka lehulehu o saiga ma Kazakhstan ma kahi o 1 miliona mau poʻo, akā ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, ua emi ka nui o nā holoholona i aneane 20 tausani. I ka makahiki 1993, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i nā loio i nā pūlima he nui loa a he 60 mau kaona. I ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi moratorium i ka pana ʻana i nā saigas, e noho mau ʻia a hiki i 2021. Ma 2014, ua hōʻea ka nui o nā saigas i 256.7 tausani mau kanaka. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka emi ʻana o nā helu saiga ma Kazakhstan e pili ana i kēia manawa me ka hoʻomau ʻia o ka poaching a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻike ʻia ka make ʻana o ka saigas ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā anuu, ka mea e pale ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka meaʻai. I nā wā Soviet, i ka wā maloʻo maloʻo, hoʻopakele lākou e nā mea hānai ponoʻī. Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka Ministry of Education a me Science i ka makahiki 2012-2014 no 332 miliona tenge no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka heluna kanaka.

Ma ka Pōhiku ʻehiku, loaʻa nā saiga ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke ala lāʻau ʻākau, kahi e holo ai no ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo ma ka wana hau hau a me nā neʻe semi-lua e hoʻopā ana i nā Tien Shan. I kekahi manawa e lele kūʻē mai i nā kahawai ʻo Chuy ke awāwa, kahi ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole make lākou i nui loa mai nā ʻīlio hihiu ma muli o ka hiʻona.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi ʻohi: Saiga Cub

Ma ke ʻano, he mau holoholona polygamous nā saigas. Hōʻike ʻia ka manawa hānai no ka wā maʻamau a kū mai Nowemapa a i ka hoʻomaka o Ianuali. Pili ʻia kēia manawa ma ka wahi o kahi e noho ai. Ma Kazakhstan, e ulu ana ka makā mai ka lā Malaki a hiki i ʻApelila. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa o nā holoholona mai 10 a 25 mau lā. Hoʻokahi ʻia kēlā me kēia kāne i ka wahine no ka wahine, e hōʻoki ana iā ia mai ʻelima a ʻumi paha mau wahine, pale ʻia e nā kāne mai ka male ʻana.

Aia ka harem i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kekahi wahi, me kahi kaona o 30-80 mau mita square. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, lilo ke kāne i ka ulu ʻana, hakakā pinepine no ka pono e komo i ka wahine me ka wahine ʻē aʻe. E pau pinepine kēia mau hakakā i nā hōʻeha nui a me ka make.

I ka wā moe kolohe ʻia i nā kāne, ua hūnā ʻia kekahi mea huna mai nā kīneke infraorbital a me ka ʻōpū. Kuhi pinepine ka pōʻai i ka pō, i ke ao o ke ao e hoʻomaha pinepine a loaʻa ka ikaika. Aia i kēia manawa e ʻai iki nā kāne, pau ka ikaika a me ke kino o ke kino. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hihia hōʻino o nā neʻe ʻana i ka poʻe.

Loaʻa ka wahine i ka wā puberty e ka walu o ka malama o ke ola, ʻo nā kāne wale nō ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki. Noho ka umauma i kahi awelika o ʻelima mau mahina. ʻO nā wahine wahine e pono ai ka hānau ʻana i nā ʻili e hōʻiliʻili i ka wahi hoʻokahi, ʻo ka mea nui ma ka ʻāina pālahalaha me nāʻuhele liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino o ka pēpē 3-3.5 kilograms.

I ka lā mua, ʻokoʻa ʻole nā keiki. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, hele ka makuahine i ka ʻimi a me ka wai, akā aia mau manawa i ka lā e kipa ai i kāna ʻōpala. Kūleʻa hou nā pēpē a ulu ikaika, aia i ke ono - ka lā ʻehiku hiki iā lākou ke hahai i ko lākou makuahine.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo kuʻuna o ka hihia o saigas ma Kazakhstan

1981, ʻApelila - Ua hala he 180 mau poʻo saiga ma luna o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻo Turakai mua.
1984, Pepeluali - April - 250 tausani mau holoholona i make ma ke Komohana o Kazakhstan.
1988, Mei - ua make o 500 tausani saigas.
1993 - ma muli o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe Betpakdala mahele mai 700 a 270 tausani mau holoholona.
2010 - 12 tausani saigas i make.
2015, Mei - ma ke kuauhau o Kostanay, Akmola, a me Aktobe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea he 120 mau saigas i make. ʻO ke kumu o ka make he mau maʻi maʻi i hōʻake ʻia e ka pathogen Pasteurella multocida, ʻo ia hoʻi o ka pasteurellosis.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Kuhi: Saigaki i ke alaō

E like me nā ʻelima o ka puʻoniʻu, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā saigas no nā poʻe predator e noho ana i nā wahi i kahi o nā saigas.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe:

Kuhi pinepine nā mea wānana e kali no ka mea ʻānai i ka wā e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā ʻohana hipa no kahi wai. Wahi a Zoologists i ka wā i hoʻouka ʻia ai ka manawa i hiki ʻole ʻia ai, hiki i kahi ʻeke o nā ʻīlio ke luku aku i ka hapaha o ka nui o ka puʻuwai ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa i ka helu o nā holoholona he kanaka a me kāna mau hana. I nā ʻāpana nui, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā saigas e nā poepela i ʻimi nui no ka hulu hulu, ʻona a me ka pono o kaʻai, a ʻo nā pū o kahi holoholona hihiu.

He waiwai nui nā uno o kēia mau holoholona a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ma Kina. Hana ʻia ka Powder mai lākou, ʻo ia kahi o nā antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, a me ka hoʻomākaukau o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino ʻana. Hoʻohana pū kekahi mau kauka China i kēia pauka ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi o ka pepeka, ka migraine, a me nā ala o ke ala o ka gastrointestinal tract.

Kīa kālā ka nui o ke kālā no kēlā mau pepeia i ka mākela Kina, nui nā koi no nā puʻupuʻu saiga i nā manawa a pau, no laila ke ʻimi nei nā poʻi e hoʻopiha hou i kā lākou peke ma ka pepehi ʻana i kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha.

Hōʻike moʻolelo

Ua kipa ʻelua ʻo Herberstein i ka Principality o Moscow (i 1517 a 1526) i kāna "Catala ma Muscovy" i kākau ai e pili ana i kēia holoholona:

"Ma nā pāpū kaila kokoke i Borisfen, Tanais a me Ra, aia kekahi hipa ulu lāʻau, kapa ʻia ʻo Pole Solhac, a me Muscovites - ka saig (Seigack), ka nui o ka dee poʻo, akā me nā wāwae pōkole, elongated kona mau pepeiao a ʻike ʻia me nā poni. Hana nā Muscovites i kahi mea hoʻokele kope mai ia lākou. Ke wikiwiki a wikiwiki lākou.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ʻo nā saigas ke kumuhana o ka lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi i nā ʻāpana nui o Kazakhstan, ma kahi kokoke i ke Kai Aral. Hōʻike ka Brockhaus a me Efron Encyclopedia i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī o ka huno huno:

Hoʻololi ʻia ʻo C. i loko o ka nui o ke kauwela, i ka wela, i ka wā a pau a kaua lākou i ka hakakā ʻana me nā mea ʻino e hōʻoweliweli ana iā lākou - nā midges, gadflies, a me nā huaʻō o ke kelepona e ulu nei ma lalo o ko lākou ʻili, ʻaʻole ka loaʻa ka hoʻomaha, C. komo i loko o kaʻeha a like paha me ka hehena ua holo aku la ma ke alaloa, a i ole like me na kanaka palaka e ku ana ma kahi hookahi a eli iho i na lua (cobla) me na palu, a laila moe iho la lakou iloko olaila, e huna ana i ko lakou ihu malalo o ko lakou mau ihu mua, alaila, pii aku la lakou a pahu i ko lakou wahi, i kela mau hora ana o S. ". ", E nalowale ana kā lākou mālama pono ʻana, a maʻa mai nā mea lawaiʻa iā lākou pana. Holo ʻia ʻo Kyrgyz huners S. i kā lākou mau hoa, ka poʻe e moe ana me nā pu, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke kokoke o nā punawai, a i ʻole nā pūlima puaʻi i kipa ʻia i loko o kahi ala e iho ai ʻo S. iho i kahi wai, a laila ʻike mākaʻikaʻi lākou iā lākou ma ke ala, ma nā māka e kahe ana i nā kahawai. lua a me kahi hau huluhulu i luna ʻole o S. kahi e pakele ai. ʻO kekahi manawa hānai lākou i nā ʻīlio Baikal me nā karategin greyhounds (basins), kahi i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻōpala koʻikoʻi, hele ka poʻe hahaiʻimi i kēlā me kēia maʻa he ʻelua, pākēkē i kēlā me kēia mauʻu o ka greyhounds i loko o ka pā, me ka ʻike ʻana iā S., ʻo kekahi o ka poʻe lawaiʻa e holo mua ma mua o nā pua, a ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe e hele ana ma 5-8 mau mile. hoʻomaka ka mea hahai mua i nā ʻīlio a alakaʻi i nā holoholona i ka lua o ka hahai holoholona, ka mea, e kali ana i ka S., e ʻae i ka ʻīlio ʻana, e hopu hou ʻia i nā holoholona nāu o ka hahai mua. Kūlima lākou i ka manawa me S. me ka ʻaeto gula. Haka nā wahine Kyrgyz i kekahi mau wahine hāpai a, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hopu hopu i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ʻoi ka mea maʻalahi i ka hānai ʻana i kahi kao hale a ulu kīwī. ʻO ka ʻiʻo S. Make i kahi kīʻaha maikaʻi o ke kīpē, nā pu i ka waiwai nui o ke kālā kālā, a ʻo ka ʻili ka maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i nā kuʻuna (ergaks).

He ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻena o nā ʻōpio S. ʻōwili, me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, paʻu, nani, nā pepeiaohao o S. kahiko he hina-ʻula, opaque, me nā paila lōʻihi. He pōkole a paʻakikī ʻo Wool S., hele i nā huahana hale ʻokoʻa. ʻOi ka nui o ka lawaiʻa saiga ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, a ʻo ka nui o nā pepeia i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i hōʻea i nā kaukani he mau tausani ma luna o ka makahiki 1894-1896.ʻO nā pilikia nui o kēia lawaiʻa ka hana ʻana ia i ka wā wela, ma muli o he mea pono e lawe nā miners e lawe i ka paʻakai a me nā ʻolika me lākou a me ka paʻakai i ka holoholona i ʻoki ʻia i ka wahi e lawaiʻa ai.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

ʻO ke kiʻi: Saigas ma ke ʻano

I kēia manawa, ua helu inoa ʻia ka holoholona ma ka honua, i loko o ka Lūkala Lūkini Lūkini me ke kūlana o kahi ʻano pili i kahi o ka pau ʻole. Ua ʻike ka mea noiʻi i kahi hano e pili ana i ka emi ʻana o ka nohona o kēia mau holoholona i ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope.

I kēlā manawa, hoʻomaka nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ola ikaika i Kina a ua hoʻomaka lākou e hāʻawi i ke kālā nui ma ka mākeke no nā pepeiaohao o nā holoholona, kahi mau maʻi hoʻōla i hana ʻia ma hope. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻili o nā holoholona a me kā lākou ʻai, ke loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa, he waiwai nui loa. Ua hoʻomaka koke ka nui o nā poimana e hoʻomake nui, a nui ka make o nā holoholona.

I ka manawa e hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona, hoʻomaka nā mana e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā paka kūʻokoʻa i kahi o ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ʻia nā mea hoʻāʻo mua. Hōʻike ka Zoologists i kēia me ka hana ʻole i nā kūlana kūpono loa no ke ola a me ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana, ʻaʻole hana mua nā poʻe loea i nā papahana no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka nui o nā saigas.

Kahi helu

ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana ma ke komohana ʻĀina ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi subspecies i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia - ka ʻālio Mongola (Saiga tatarica mongolica), ʻo ka helu o ka helu 750 ia kanaka. No nā kānaka āpau ʻē aʻe i nā subspecies koho. Saiga tatarica tatarica. ^ E Ha yM. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi i nā saila Mongola he subspecies o ka Pleistocene a kāhea Saiga borealis mongolica .

Hoʻomalu palekana

Kiʻi ʻāpana: Saiga Red Book

I mea e mālama ai i nā holoholona i ka luku, mālama a mālama i kā lākou mau helu, ua helu ʻia lākou i loko o ka International Red Book e like me ke ʻano he ʻano nui ma ka lohi o ka hoʻopau. Eia kekahi, ua komo lākou i loko o ka Lālani o nā holoholona i loiloi e like me nā mea pili o nā flora a me nā manuʻī, ʻo ka mālama i ka mea e pono ai e hoʻopapu a pāpā ʻia paha.

Ke hoʻomohala nei ke Keʻena ʻoihana huluhulu i ka Lūkini Rūkū i kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā loio e manaʻo nei e hoʻopuka i ke kuleana hewa a me ka hoʻokō pili ʻana no ka luku ʻana i kahi ʻano holoholona luhi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papahana kūikawā e kuhikuhi ana i ka mālama a mālama hou ʻana i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona.

Paipai ka poʻe Zoologists a me nā mea noiʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi a me nā pā kīʻāina kūloko no kahi e pono ai ke hana i nā kūlana kokoke i ka pili maoli ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu kūlohelohe. Hoʻokahi wale i loko o ia mea, me ka ʻai nui, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena mua loa. Saiga he ʻelele kahiko ia o nā pua a me nā manu, ka mea i paʻa i kona helehelena mua mai ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e noho ana ma ka Honua. I kēia mau lā, aia nō ia ma ka nalaki holoʻokoʻa ʻana, a ʻo ka hana a ke kanaka e hoʻoponopono i kāna mau hewa a pale i kona luku piha ʻana.

I ka palapala

Ma ke kākau a Chungiz Aitmatov "Scaffold", ua hōʻike ʻia ka huniga huni me ka penei:

A me nā lawaiʻa o ka helikopter, e hele ana mai ʻelua kihi o ka holoholona, i kamaʻilio ʻia e ka lekiō, hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hōʻoia pono ʻole i hoʻopuehue a puni, ʻaʻole pono e alualu hou i nā pipi ma luna o ka savannah, a hoʻonui hou i ka makaʻu, ʻoi aku hoʻi, e koi aku i nā saigas e holo ikaika a paʻakikī hoʻi. ua holo lākou ... ʻO lākou, nā pailaka helikopter, ʻike maopopo loa mai luna aʻe o ke kahe o ka ʻūhā nui o ka weliweli i ka ʻūhā nui, ma luna o ka paukū keʻokeʻo ...

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

ʻO ka White Keokeo, he akua Buddhist o ka māla a me ka lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka pelehu o Kalmyks. Pāpā ʻia ʻo ia i ka wā o ka ʻimi e kū ai i nā saigas, i hui like pū: ua manaʻo ʻia aia kēia manawa ma ka Pāpā keokeo ponoʻī iā lākou.
ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo akā ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka saiga i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ke kiʻi ʻ Lessonlelo "Aʻo Pōʻolelo"
Me ka hiolo ʻana o ka USSR, ka hoʻomoʻa ʻole ʻana o ka hana ʻana i nā saigas me ka hoʻomaka o ka lawe ʻana i nā pepeiaohao i Kina. Wahi a Geo ma ka nūhou, mai ka makahiki 1990 a 2003-2006, ua emi ka nui o nā saigas ma ka honua he 94–97% - mai kahi miliona a 31-62 mau tausani.

Eia ka mea a ke kākau inoa i kūhelu ai ʻo Kazakh Week:

"Ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina, nā puʻupuʻu saiga aia i nā pū me nā mea ulawa a me nā mea he antipyretic a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino kino, a hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ke kuni, ka palaki o loko, a me nā maʻi āpau. I nā hihia ʻo ka piko a me nā hana ʻino ʻino ma muli o ke kuni ʻana, e hoʻohana pū ʻia nā pūlima saiga a me nā rhino. I ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā pūlima saiga e mālama i ka hōʻeha o ka ʻeha, hōʻeha, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēlā me kēia pākēpē he 1-3 maupala o ka pauahi pūlima maikaʻi, hoʻohuʻu ʻia a maloʻo hoʻi i ka wai ”

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