Apistogramma (sp. Apistogramma) - kahi hui nui o nā cichlids o ʻAmelika Hema, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka aquarium e kekahi o nā mea nui i koho ʻia. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻokaʻina kino o kēia mau iʻa i kahi laina makaʻalona pōkole e hoʻonui mai ana mai ke poʻo a i ka huelo. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā ʻano ʻano kūikawā, hiki ke ʻike iki ʻia, ke ʻake ʻia e ka laina dotted a i ʻole he ʻano i ke ʻano. Hōʻike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona like me ka inoa o kēia mau cichlids, nona nā huaʻōlelo Helene ʻelua: "apisto", "meaning" indefinite "," inconstancy "a" gramme "-" mark "," laina ". He mea pono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ke kaula ma ke kino a me ke kala ʻili, ʻo ia ka prerogative o nā kāne. ʻAʻole nui nā kala a me nā wahine.

ʻO ka hana kūlohelohe, noho ka iʻa ma nā kahawai a me nā ʻāpana o nā muliwai me ka kahe wikiwiki ʻana i waena o nā nui a me nā lau hāʻule o nā kumulāʻau. ʻO ka wai, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he ʻulaʻula ʻia me ka nui o nā tann i palulu ʻia, ka hopena mai ka pala o nā mea kanu mea kanu. Pēlā nō, paʻa ʻia ia e hoʻolālā ai a i ʻole ka hale aku aku. ʻAʻole kēia e ʻae i ka iʻa i loko o kahi kūlana kūpono no lākou iho, akā e kōkua nō hoʻi i ka mālama i ka ʻōuli o ka kala. I nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka mea haʻahaʻa ke waiho aku i ko lākou mau kala.

ʻIke ʻia lākou me ka maluhia e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka nānā ʻana i ka nui o ka manawa - nā pākeke ma ke awelika o ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 8 cm. Ma nā ʻano o nā ʻano, ʻaʻole like ʻole nā ​​mea āpau. Inā aloha mālie nā wahine, a laila ʻaʻole like ʻole nā ​​kāne a kekahi i kekahi, a i ka wā i hele ai ke hiki i loko o ke kahawai i luna o ka ʻāina. I kēia manawa, ua ʻāpiki ʻia nā wahine, no laila e pale aku iā lākou, pono ia e hāʻawi i nā kahua hilinaʻi, hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe ʻia e like me ke "mea hānai" i kahi e ulu ai ka pī i nā lā mua o ko lākou ola. I loko o nā hale liʻiliʻi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e mālama i ka nui o ka pūʻulu o hoʻokahi kāne a ʻekolu a iʻoi aku paha wahine.

Nā koi nui no nā mea kanu me nā apistograms

ʻO nā ʻano āpau o nā apistograms no kahi noho leʻaleʻa e pono ai kahi nui o nā hale i loko o ka pahu aku, e like me ka driftwood a me nā grottoes. Pono lākou i nā lāʻau olakino. ʻOiai no ka ʻai ʻole ʻana i ka iʻa a hoʻomoʻa i ka algae, maʻalahi maʻalahi ke hāʻawi i ka nui o nā kaila kūleʻa i loko o ka ʻikepili.

Pono nā ʻōmole āpau i nā kukui piha, pono ke ʻano maoli. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole kēia, a laila e hoʻohana ʻoe i ka kukui hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Pono ka wai i loko o ka mea kanu i ka maʻamau, a ma ka manawa 1 ka manawa ma 4 mau lā, ke hoʻololi ʻia e ka 1/5. I ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka lalo i nā koena o ka hānai a me ka pauku mai ka poʻe noho o ka aku.

Nā kānāwai kumu no ka hānai ʻana i nā apistograms

E like me nā iʻa a pau mai ka ʻohana Tsikhlovye, koi ka poʻe apistograms i nā mea ola nui. Hiki ke hāʻawi i ka iʻa, ka coronetra, ka wai wai, a me nā mea ʻoka ʻeleʻele (i loko o ka wai aquarium, hoʻomāluuhulu ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā namu, a no laila e hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahi liʻiliʻi).

Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka meaʻai ola me ka sika, kahi maʻalahi ke kūʻai ʻia aku ma nā hale kūʻai holoholona. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ka meaʻai ola me nā mea ʻuʻala. Ke kuleana ʻole o ka meaʻai pono, hiki i ka iʻa ke hoʻokele i kahi meaʻai maloʻo paʻakikī i ka cereal no kahi manawa pōkole.

Apistogram Ramirez

ʻIke pono ʻia kēia mau iʻa i ka nani loa ma waena o nā apistograms. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma loko o nā hale kūʻai holoholona a ma lalo o nā inoa ʻē aʻe:

Kupu lime, ramirezi apistogram, kukomo kukomo, ramirezi butterfly, venisuelan butterfly, ramirezi microgeophagus.

ʻO ka kala o nā Ramistrezi apistograms he paʻakikī ma muli o ka hui pūʻana o nā kala he nui. He aniani nā ʻaoʻao o ka polū me nā aniani a ʻulaʻula uliuli paha. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka umauma he gula me kahi aniani ka uliuli. Holo ʻia kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele o ke poʻo ma o ka maka.

ʻO ka apistogram a Ramirezi ma ka ʻōpū i loaʻa i kahi saturated kaomi ʻona. Aia kekahi wahiʻeleʻele ma ke kumu o ka pau dorsal. ʻO ke kihi o ka fin dorsal e hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ke kāʻei ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa i nā pala āpau nā polapula polū a me nā polū mai. I kēia lā, ua hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​hana o nā mea kuʻuna i nā ʻano maʻamau o nā ʻano.

Apistogram Agassitsa

Aia ka lōʻihi o kēia mau iʻa a hiki i ka 9 cm. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā ʻano a me ka hale hoʻonaʻauao ʻē aʻe, pili i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, aloha ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ke kala nui o ke kino ke kālā kālā-keleawe me kahi paepae keʻokeʻo-greenish. ʻO kekahi laina hoʻi e holo ana i ka ʻaoʻao, hele a wili i ka huelo. Ma ke kumu o ka pau dorsal aia hoʻi kahi kolonaʻeleʻele, a ʻo kona kaahi ʻāpana me kaʻulaʻula. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kala, ua kapa ʻia kēia apistogram ma kahi o ke kukui.

ʻO ka pīpī kokoke

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa a hiki i ka 8 cm. ʻO ke ʻano maluhia ko lākou ʻano, e hoʻokipa ana. He kūpono ia no nā ʻano a me nā mea hoʻomohala ākea. ʻO ke poʻo nui ke ʻula nui o ka iʻa me ka pua ʻōuli ma kona ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopiliʻia Abdomen melemele. Aia ma ke kino he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele e hoʻopau ana i kahi wahi ma ke kumu o ka huelo. ʻO ka meli a me ka huelo o ka peʻa, ua hoʻopau ka pulu anal a me ka pectoral i kahi ʻalaʻulaʻula.

ʻO keʻano

Apistogram - iʻa akuia mai ka ʻohana cichlid. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku kona mau ʻokoʻa ma ka lōʻihi o 7 mau kenimika, a ʻo ka pinepine ka ʻenekehi he 5 kenimika. Hāʻawi kēia miniature iā ʻoe e hoʻonui i kahi mana o 30 mau lita, ʻo ia kekahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Hōʻike ka apistogram i ka pickiness piha e pili ana i nā kūlana o ka paʻa a me ke ʻano maikaʻi i ka koena o ka poʻe o ka aku. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e ola lōʻihi kahi mea ola - ma ka maikaʻi loa, 4 mau makahiki. Wahi a ke ʻano o ke kino, he ʻano elongated a ʻokoʻa paha kona kaawale. E wehewehe koke ʻia e ko ka inoa o ka apistogram e hoʻohui i kahi helu nui, kēlā me kēia ʻano nona.

Ke kūlohelohe nei, makemake ka iʻa i nā wai wai me ka papa lōlohi a me ka nui o nā lau hāʻule, algae a me nā snags.

ʻO ka wai i kēia hihia, ma muli o tannins, e huli i ka ʻulaʻula, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e mālama i kahi ʻano like me ka aquarium. ʻAʻole wale kēia e hana i kahi nohona maikaʻi no ka apistogram, akā ua kōkua pū hoʻi i ka mālama i ka nānā ʻana o ke kala, ʻo ia i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke lilo ka maka. No laila ʻoiai ke ʻoluʻolu loa nā mea, i loko o ka ʻohana i hiki i nā kāne ke pili i kekahi i kekahi me ke kūleʻa loa, a e hōʻeha maikaʻi i nā wahine i ka wā o ka laʻala.. ^ E Ha yM. E wehewehe kēia i ka pono e waiho i kahi lawa o nā pale a me nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā hale aku. Inā koho ʻia ka aquarium i kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i hipa me hoʻokahi kāne a ma kahi o ʻekolu mau wahine.

Noho ke aniani o ka cockatoo no 5 mau makahiki. Hoʻohā ka lōʻihi o nā kāne i ka 9 kenimika ma ka lōʻihi, akā, ʻaʻole i hele ka wahine i kahi o nā palena o 4-5 centimeter. ʻIke kūpono ka iʻa i loko o kekahi aquarium me ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā pā hale, a me ka wai maʻemaʻe. He mea nui e hoʻomaka ka nui o ka pahu wai mai ka 50 lita.

ʻO Apistogram Ramirezi ka mea kaulana loa, i ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano pōpihi manu. ʻO kona kala hoʻonani a me ke ʻano aloha e wehewehe i ka kaulana kaulana i waena o nā aquarist. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa ma 5 mau kenimika. ʻO kona ʻokoʻa he apistogram o ka baluna ʻo Ramirezi, he ʻano ʻulaʻula like ia o ke kino. E nāwaliwali kēia ʻano ma mua o ka "kumu" mua, no laila, koi i kahi kikoʻī i pololei, ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana o ke ʻano o ka mahana a me ka hana o ka wai paʻa.

Eia kekahi ma kahi o ka pahu momona, aia kekahi pōhaku pākū, i hōʻike ʻia e ka iho ʻana o nā waihona o ka lōʻihi.

He apokalaka nani ʻo Borelli apistogram he mau mākaʻi nani ʻole nā ​​ona, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā dimensional i luna o 8 mau kenimika. ʻAʻole haʻaʻawaʻī a ʻokiʻoki ʻo Apistogram agassitsa. Hōʻike ʻia e kūʻai wale aku no nā mea akamai i ka hikiwawe, no ka mea mālama ponoʻī ka mea ola i kāna mau kī. Ua hoʻolaʻa nā Breeders i nā kala he nui o kēia ʻano: agassitsa ahi ʻulaʻula, agassitsa pālua a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻonui ka Macist apistogram i 9 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi a ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Pono e mālama ia i loko o kahi pahu nui ʻaʻole me nā wai māmā a me ka wai maʻemaʻe, no laila e koho nā mea ʻona ʻōpio i kahi ʻano paʻakikī wale nō. Loaʻa ka Widget apistogram i kahi nui o nā kala, ka mea i kaulana loa i nā widget gula a me Red. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa ma 8 kenimika.

ʻO ka apistogram o altispinosis, he kumulāʻau Bolivian hoʻi e hōʻike ana i kona kala ʻulaʻula wale ma ke ʻano he noho mālie.

He mea nui ia e hoʻokolohua a i ʻole a me nā hoa noho aloha.

ʻO ka panduro apistogram kahiʻawa nui i ka acid acid o ka wai, ʻaʻole like me kona mau hoahānau. Eia kekahi, pono ia i kahi pahu momona nui - pono i kahi pākahi o kēlā me kēia wai i ka wai aku o 100 lita. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā kāne o 8 mau kenimita, a ulu a nui ka wahine i ka lōʻihi o 5 centimeter. ʻO waho, ʻaʻole ke nānā aku ka pale, ma ke ala, no ka mea he hina ka hina. Akā, ʻo nā kāne, he mau ʻāpana o ka ʻalani, akā aia wale nō ma ka huelo.

E hui pū me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe

Noho me nā ʻano iʻa me ka maluhia e ʻike ʻia i nā iʻa e hōʻike ʻole ai i nā hōʻailona o ke kipi. No laila, hiki ke koho ʻia i ke koho e pili ana i kahi hui maikaʻi o nā kala, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻai like ʻole.

Ke pīpī ʻia nā poʻe kaiaulu, ʻo nā holoholona nui e ʻai no nā mea nui aku.

No nā ʻano like ʻole o ka apistograms, e hana ʻia nā hoalauna ʻē aʻe. O kahi laʻana, no nā pōpō a me nā altispinoses ua koho ʻia lākou i poʻe cohabitants o nā guppies a me nā kāne, a nui wale ʻo ramirezi i loko o hoʻokahi aku me ka lawaiʻa a i ʻole zebrafish. ^ E Ha yM. Manaʻo mau ʻia kahi ʻoihana maikaʻi e kahi barberi.

Ke ulu nei nā kūlana

Pēlā e lilo i ka ʻāina i ke one a i ʻole he ʻā maʻa mau. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka mālamalama, akā ʻo ka hele ʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau he hopena kūpono ma ke kūlana o ka poʻe noho o ka aquarium.

He mea nui loa ka hoʻokaʻawale a me nā loli wai maʻamau. Manaʻo nā mea hōʻike e hoʻololi i ka 10% o ka nui o ka nui i kēlā me kēia lā, a ke hoʻololi nei mai 25 a 30% o ka wai wai i kēlā me kēia pule. No ka mea nui loa nā apistograms i ka chlorine i loko o ka wai, ma mua o ka ninini ʻana i kahi hapa hou i loko o ka aquarium, he mea nui loa ia e pale aku iā ia.

Ke loaʻa nei i nā pale a me nā grottoes i ka aquarium, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i kā lākou helu ma ka liʻiliʻi e ʻoi aku i ka nui o nā wahine. I loko o ka hale aquarium ʻaʻole i pāpā ʻia i nā ʻano o nā apistograms.

Nā rula hoʻolauleʻa

Makemake nui ka apistogram i ka ʻai a ʻai pū me ka leʻaleʻa i nā meaʻai a pau kokoke. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ke kāohi i ka nui o kā lākou lawelawe, no ka mea nui i ka overeating e alakaʻi i nā pilikia me ka gastrointestinal tract, e lilo i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi. E hānai i nā iʻa ʻelua i ka lā i nā mahele like ʻole o nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka apistogram i manaʻo ʻia he mea mana ʻole, a no laila ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e hāʻawi iā ia i ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole. Pono ka mea kanu o nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai o ka holoholona, ​​no ka laʻana, ka momona ola, nā ʻiʻo minced i hana ʻia mai ka kai mai, nā mea ʻai a me ka microorganism, a me nā tubule a me nā koko koko.

Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana nui, a pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā meaʻai ola me ka hoʻonā ʻana i ka potassium permanganate.

Mai ka manawa i ka manawa, ʻaʻole ia i pāpā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o ia ʻano me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā āpau āpau a me nā minela. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o lākou e hoʻomālamalama i ka kala a hoʻonui i ka hana o nā mea pena. Inā ʻoe e hōʻohi i nā meaʻai o ka apistogram kūpono, he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻonāukiuki i kona ulu a ulu aʻe - i ka 6 mau mahina ʻoi aʻe kona nui e hoʻonui i kekahi mau manawa.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ke ʻano

ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o nā apistograms ma ka home e like me ke ʻano he mea kūlike ia. Ma kekahi mau ʻano, ʻano manuahi hoʻopuni piha, i hana ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō i ka hana hou ʻana, akā i ka mālama pū ʻana no nā hua. E noʻonoʻo pono ana ia ke hele ʻana ka moena me ka ʻole o ka wawa ʻana o nā mea nona nā mea nona ka inoa, ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻohana iʻa. E kū mai ana ka manawa kikoʻī mai Malaki a ʻOkakopa. E waiho ana ka wahine i kahi o nā hua he 150, nona pono e pono i kahi pālahalaha.

No ka mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ma ka pahu aku i kēia manawa no ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi o 25-28 degrees Celsius, a me ka hōʻoia i ka pae o ka waikawa ma waena o 6.5 a 6.8.

ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pīkī - i mea e loli ai nā hua i loko o ka iʻa piha piha, e hana ana i ʻelua mau pule. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻona ka pīpī i nā mea i loko o nā ʻeke huaʻai, a laila pono lākou i nā micro-worm, ulia artemia, a i ʻole ua koho ʻia nā meaʻai. Hōʻike ikaika ke kāne i kēia manawa no ka pili. Ke hoʻomohala nei ka iʻa, pono ke mālama ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi i loko o ka pākana a pono e pale ʻia kekahi pilikia kaumaha.

Nā pilikia pilikia

Noho pono ʻo Apystograms i ke olakino maoli, no laila ʻo nā pilikia a pau me lākou, he hopena o ka mālama ʻole a i ʻole hoʻokō ʻole i nā kūlana o ka paʻa. Eia naʻe, pili no nā ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe e noho nei ma ke kanaka kūlohelohe he mauwaliwali loa a hoʻi ka hopena i ka hoʻololi ʻana o kekahi mau ʻōmaʻomaʻu wai: ke kauwela, paʻakikī, ʻikepili a i ʻole kaulike wai-kumu.

ʻO nā pilikia me ka gastrointestinal tract e kū ana paha ma muli o ka huehue o ka apistograms, a ma muli o ka meaʻai me ka uncontaminated ola ʻole.

ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā apistograms i ka hexamitosis i kumu no kekahi parasit. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻoholo i ka maʻi ma ka hōʻole ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i kahi holoholona, ​​nā kala ʻeleʻele a me ka hoʻololi ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū. E ʻili ʻia ka iʻa i maʻi ʻia. ʻO ka mahana o ka wai i loko e pono e hoʻonui mālie i ka 34-35 degere, a pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka wai me ka furazolidone.