Monoclone : "Kahe ʻani hoʻokahi"
Ka manawa paʻa: ka hopena o ka Cretaceous - e pili ana i 70-65 miliona mau makahiki i hala
Kaulana: Poaka
Kiʻi papa: Kukola
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā mea lapaʻau:
- e hele ana ma nā wāwae ʻehā
- ka mea kanu ʻai
- nā kāʻei a me nā ʻolua i kāwili ʻia ma ke poʻo
- ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana ka muzzle me kahi nuku e like me ka ʻōlō
Nā ʻāpana:
ka lōʻihi - 3 m
kiʻekiʻe - 1,5 m
kaupaona - 500 kg.
ʻAno Hoʻohui: kanu huaʻai kūlā
Kihi: 1914 Kanekia

ʻO ka inoa "monoclone" ua unuhi ʻia he "lime hoʻokahi i puka ʻia mai." Loaʻa i ka dinosaur kēia inoa no ka mea - ʻaʻole like i kona mau hoahānau a me nā ceratopsids - hoʻokahi wale nō pū. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka pu, ua kūlike kahi monoclone e like me ka beak o kahi ʻōkohu, a he pale i kau ai. Mālama ke kola i ka wahi ʻino loa - ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka kino o ko lākou kino, he ʻano kikoʻī ʻia, kū pololei ma nā wāwae ʻehā. Ua pōkole ke kaikuʻu. Hoʻopili hohonu nā maka o ka monoclone. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niho i nā lālani: e hōʻike ana i kēia ʻo ka moʻomeheu o ka dinosaur. Wahi a ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā ʻoihana o ka pena ʻana o ka niho, ua hoʻoponopono nā ʻepekema i ka ʻāʻī ʻana e like me nā ʻoki manuahi, ʻokiʻoki i nā lau i nā wahi liʻiliʻi. He mānoanoa ka ʻili o nā dinosaurals ili, ka mea e loaʻa ai nā pālaʻi na polygonal irregular.

Noho ʻo Monoclone ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Cretaceous. Noho ʻo Monoclone ma hope Nā hale hana, akā he nui ma mua o nā ʻano loea ʻē aʻe. He lāʻau ʻoiʻo koʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi nohona holoholona. ʻO nā holoholona aloha o nā monoclones i hōʻiliʻili ma nā kahe o nā loko, kahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o nā meaʻai e pono ai.

Loaʻa ka ʻāpana monoclonal i ke kaʻe i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1914 i ka wā o ka holo mua ʻana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻIkala o New York American. Aia ke koena ma Kanada, Alberta. ʻO kahi ʻano monoclone ka mea nui no ka ʻepekema i ʻae ʻia e wehewehe i ka manaʻo o ka ʻike maʻamau i ka ceratops.

Monoclonius

Monoclonius (lat., moolelo - a sprout hoʻokahi) he ʻanoʻano o ka dinosaur herbivorous mai ka ʻohana ceratopsid. Loaʻa nā koena i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makahiki Cretaceous Upper (83.6-70.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei), a no ka manawa mua ma Judith River Formation (77-75 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Montana (USA).

ʻO ka mōʻaukala noiʻi

ʻO nā koena pīpī mua Monoclonius ua loaʻa e Edward Cope lāua ʻo Charles Sternberg i ke kauwela o 1876. Aia ka pūlima o ka fossil he 325 mm lōʻihi o ka pū, ka ʻāpana o ka puʻupuʻu cranial me nā hamama nui, kekahi mau ʻalo, nā vertebrae a me nā wahine ʻelua, ʻo kēia mau ʻike āpau i hana ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole. Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1889 wale nō, ua hāʻawi ʻo Cope i ka wehewehe Monoclonius e like me ka dinosaur ahe hou me ka pepeiaohao a me ka pūliki cranial me nā pū. I ka makahiki 1895, no nā kumu kālā, ua ʻoki ʻia ʻo Cope i ke kūʻai aku i ka hapa nui o kāna ʻohi ʻana i ka American Museum of Natural History, me ka hopena o nā ʻāpana āpau āpau. Monoclonius loaʻa nā helu helu AMNH. I ka makahiki 1912, ua loaʻa ʻo Barnum Brown i kahi ʻōpio me kahi puʻupuʻu curved mua (hoʻohālike AMNH 5239), i ka makahiki 1914 ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.

Mai ka makahiki 1914, hoʻomaka ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻepekema e pili ana i ka hui ʻana o ka hana Monoclonius a Centrosaurus. ^ E Ha yM. Ma 1933, ua wehewehe ʻo Richard Sven Lally i kahi ʻūhā hou mai Alberta (e hoʻohālike ana i ka AMNH 5341), e kuhikuhi ana i nā ʻano Hoʻolaha Monoclonius, a me kekahi mea e ʻona ana i kahi ʻōpio (CMN 348), i ka manawa like o ka inoa ʻana i ka ʻike Kūkulu kolo ʻo Centrosaurus ma Apertus Monoclonius. ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki 1937, ua loaʻa i ka mea hoʻohana ʻo Charles Sternberg ma ka ʻāina ʻo Alberta (Kanada) kahi kīnike piha ma Alberta, a ʻo ia manawa wale nō ke ʻano o kāna ʻano. Ma 1940, Ch. M. Sternberg, e ukali ana i kahi kuʻuna paʻa, ka inoa i ʻelua mau mea hou e pili ana i nā ʻūhā hou. Monoclonius lowei (e pili iā NMC 8790) a ʻO Monoclonius longirostris (e hōʻike iā CMN 8795).

I ka makahiki 1997, ua hana 'o paleontologist Kanalona' o Scott Samson i kahi hana phylogenetic o ka ceratops o Montana a ʻike i ka waihona holotype Monasslonius crassus he keiki liʻiliʻi [ o ka mea hea? ] ka pōmaikaʻi a no laila e nalowale ka mana. Mai ka makahiki 2006, ua noi ka mea noiʻi ʻo Michael Ryan i ka huaʻōlelo Monoclonius manaʻo nomile dubium, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻanoʻokoʻa like ʻole i nā ʻina like ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o hoʻokahi ʻano Kūkulu kolo ʻo Centrosaurus (ka pili ʻana i ka mea i loaʻa ka ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia, akāʻaʻohe mōʻihi holoʻokoʻa). Eia nō naʻe, Monoclonius ua manaʻo ʻia he kuʻuna kūʻokoʻa koe, akā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o kona ʻano i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, a i manaʻo ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Monoclonius.

Nā kālama

Nā kālama (ma ka ʻ “lelo Latin "ʻili ʻia") - ka nui o ka dinosaur, puʻupuʻu nui loa, me nā pu i kūlou ma ka ihu (a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole wale) a me ke kolo o nā iwi. E like me ka noho ʻana o ka tyrannosaurus i ka liona o ka liona ma ke ʻano Mesozoic, a noho ka kekahi ʻōopod i kahi elephant, e hana ana nā ceratopsops i ka stereotype o kahi rhino - kahi puaʻa, akā mau ka hewa a wela, hoʻomāhele ʻia me ka hapalua-huli a huli koke i ka haki. ʻO nā mea e hana: ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua like lākou me ia.

Oe e ʻike e like me ka phonetics Latin, ua paʻa ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī i loko o ka huaʻōlelo "ceratops" a me nā mea kikoʻī ma A. ʻO naʻe, ma Lūkini, no nā kumu o ka kūlohelohe, neʻe pinepine loa ia i ka syllable hope - a ʻo Nikolai Nikolayevich hoʻi i pāpā ʻia i ka dubbing "Walk me Dinosaurs". Eia nō naʻe, he mea ia he "triceratops" he "kūlohelohe" - ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ʻole kahi "protocerat"e pili anaps. "

ʻO keʻano

Manaʻo ia ua hiki ke monoclonies i ka 5.5-6 m ke kiʻekiʻe ma ke kaupaona o 2-2.2 t. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like lākou me ʻO Styracosaurus, Kūʻai lāʻau Brachyceratops, a ī ʻO Pachyrhinosaurus. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ko ka ʻōpala (lōʻihi 75-80 cm) me kahi pū nui nui ma ka ihu, he kolana nui nā kihi nui "pinaku" ma nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe. He liʻiliʻi a ʻoi loa ka nui o nā pū ʻelima a loaʻa ʻole i ka nui nui. ʻAʻole mākaʻikaʻi nā ʻōpio i ka meaʻai, akā ua elongated wale nō a hana ʻia i ka huki ʻana i ka mea kanu lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO nā wāwae kona lōlō a he pokole nā ​​wāwae.

ʻĀlelo Hoʻohui

Noho ʻo nā ʻāina pāpū. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koena e noho nei ma Kanada e ʻae i nā mea noiʻi e ʻōlelo i kēlā Monoclonius he mau holoholona holoholona a hele lākou ma nā hui nui. ʻAi mākou i ka mea kanu lāʻau.

ʻO ka'āpana ka mokuʻāina o nā ʻenehana komohana ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā panalāʻau o Kanada e palena iā lākou.